| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 5. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 6. |
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- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 96:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Stroke genetics informs drug discovery and risk prediction across ancestries
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 611, s. 115-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of stroke - the second leading cause of death worldwide - were conducted predominantly in populations of European ancestry(1,2). Here, in cross-ancestry GWAS meta-analyses of 110,182 patients who have had a stroke (five ancestries, 33% non-European) and 1,503,898 control individuals, we identify association signals for stroke and its subtypes at 89 (61 new) independent loci: 60 in primary inverse-variance-weighted analyses and 29 in secondary meta-regression and multitrait analyses. On the basis of internal cross-ancestry validation and an independent follow-up in 89,084 additional cases of stroke (30% non-European) and 1,013,843 control individuals, 87% of the primary stroke risk loci and 60% of the secondary stroke risk loci were replicated (P < 0.05). Effect sizes were highly correlated across ancestries. Cross-ancestry fine-mapping, in silico mutagenesis analysis(3), and transcriptome-wide and proteome-wide association analyses revealed putative causal genes (such as SH3PXD2A and FURIN) and variants (such as at GRK5 and NOS3). Using a three-pronged approach(4), we provide genetic evidence for putative drug effects, highlighting F11, KLKB1, PROC, GP1BA, LAMC2 and VCAM1 as possible targets, with drugs already under investigation for stroke for F11 and PROC. A polygenic score integrating cross-ancestry and ancestry-specific stroke GWASs with vascular-risk factor GWASs (integrative polygenic scores) strongly predicted ischaemic stroke in populations of European, East Asian and African ancestry(5). Stroke genetic risk scores were predictive of ischaemic stroke independent of clinical risk factors in 52,600 clinical-trial participants with cardiometabolic disease. Our results provide insights to inform biology, reveal potential drug targets and derive genetic risk prediction tools across ancestries.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Bisht, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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Tethered balloon-born and ground-based measurements. of black carbon and particulate profiles within the lower troposphere during the foggy period in Delhi, India
- 2016
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 573, s. 894-905
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ground and vertical profiles of particulate matter (PM) were mapped as part of a pilot study using a Tethered balloon within the lower troposphere (1000 m) during the foggy episodes in the winter season of 2015-16 in New Delhi, India. Measurements of black carbon (BC) aerosol and PM <2.5 and 10 mu m (PM2.5 &PM-10 respectively) concentrations and their associated particulate optical properties along with meteorological parameters were made. The mean concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, BC370 (nm), and BC880 nm were observed to be 146.8 +/- 42.1, 245.4 +/- 65.4, 30.3 +/- 122, and 24.1 +/- 103 mu g m(-3), respectively. The mean value of PM2.5 was similar to 12 times higher than the annual US-EPA air quality standard. The fraction of BC in PM2.5 that contributed to absorption in the shorter visible wavelengths (BC370 nm) was-21%. Compared to clear days, the ground level mass concentrations of PM2.5 and BC370 nm particles were substantially increased (59% and 24%, respectively) during the foggy episode. The aerosol light extinction coefficient (sigma(ext)) value was much higher (mean: 610 Mm(-1)) during the lower visibility (foggy) condition. Higher concentrations of PM2.5 (89 mu g m(-3)) and longer visible wavelength absorbing BC880 am (25.7 mu g m(-3)) particles were observed up to 200 m. The BC880 nm and PM2.5 aerosol concentrations near boundary layer (1 km) were significantly higher (similar to 1.9 and 12 mu g m(-3)), respectively. The BC (i.e BCtot) aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF) values were estimated at the top of the atmosphere (TOA), surface (SFC), and atmosphere (ATM) and its resultant forcing were- 75.5 Wm(-2) at SFC indicating the cooling effect at the surface. A positive value (20.9 Wm(-2)) of BC aerosol DRF at TOA indicated the warming effect at the top of the atmosphere over the study region. The net DRF value due to BC aerosol was positive (96.4 Wm(-2)) indicating a net warming effect in the atmosphere. The contribution of fossil and biomass fuels to the observed BC aerosol DRF values was -78% and-22%, respectively. The higher mean atmospheric heating rate (2.71 K clay(-1)) by BC aerosol in the winter season would probably strengthen the temperature inversion leading to poor dispersion and affecting the formation of clouds. Serious detrimental impacts on regional climate due to the high concentrations of BC and PM (especially PM2.5) aerosol are likely based on this study and suggest the need for immediate, stringent measures to improve the regional air quality in the northern India.
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| 15. |
- Wedemeyer, S., et al.
(författare)
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Solar Science with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array-A New View of Our Sun
- 2016
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 200:1-4, s. 1-73
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is a new powerful tool for observing the Sun at high spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution. These capabilities can address a broad range of fundamental scientific questions in solar physics. The radiation observed by ALMA originates mostly from the chromosphere-a complex and dynamic region between the photosphere and corona, which plays a crucial role in the transport of energy and matter and, ultimately, the heating of the outer layers of the solar atmosphere. Based on first solar test observations, strategies for regular solar campaigns are currently being developed. State-of-the-art numerical simulations of the solar atmosphere and modeling of instrumental effects can help constrain and optimize future observing modes for ALMA. Here we present a short technical description of ALMA and an overview of past efforts and future possibilities for solar observations at submillimeter and millimeter wavelengths. In addition, selected numerical simulations and observations at other wavelengths demonstrate ALMA's scientific potential for studying the Sun for a large range of science cases.
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| 16. |
- Weinstock, Joshua S, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant activation of TCL1A promotes stem cell expansion in clonal haematopoiesis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 616:7958, s. 755-763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1. These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6, but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this limitation, we developed a method to infer the expansion rate from data from a single time point. We applied this method to 5,071 people with clonal haematopoiesis. A genome-wide association study revealed that a common inherited polymorphism in the TCL1A promoter was associated with a slower expansion rate in clonal haematopoiesis overall, but the effect varied by driver gene. Those carrying this protective allele exhibited markedly reduced growth rates or prevalence of clones with driver mutations in TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1 and SRSF2, butthis effect was not seen inclones withdriver mutations in DNMT3A. TCL1A was not expressed in normal or DNMT3A-mutated HSCs, but the introduction of mutations in TET2 or ASXL1 led to the expression of TCL1A protein and the expansion of HSCs in vitro. The protective allele restricted TCL1A expression and expansion of mutant HSCs, as did experimentalknockdown of TCL1A expression. Forced expression of TCL1A promoted the expansion of human HSCs in vitro and mouse HSCs in vivo. Our results indicate that the fitness advantage of several commonly mutated driver genes in clonal haematopoiesis may be mediated by TCL1A activation.
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| 17. |
- Cole, J. W., et al.
(författare)
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The copy number variation and stroke (CaNVAS) risk and outcome study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 16:4 April
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose The role of copy number variation (CNV) variation in stroke susceptibility and outcome has yet to be explored. The Copy Number Variation and Stroke (CaNVAS) Risk and Outcome study addresses this knowledge gap. Methods Over 24,500 well-phenotyped IS cases, including IS subtypes, and over 43,500 controls have been identified, all with readily available genotyping on GWAS and exome arrays, with case measures of stroke outcome. To evaluate CNV-associated stroke risk and stroke outcome it is planned to: 1) perform Risk Discovery using several analytic approaches to identify CNVs that are associated with the risk of IS and its subtypes, across the age-, sex- and ethnicity-spectrums; 2) perform Risk Replication and Extension to determine whether the identified stroke-associated CNVs replicate in other ethnically diverse datasets and use biomarker data (e.g. methylation, proteomic, RNA, miRNA, etc.) to evaluate how the identified CNVs exert their effects on stroke risk, and lastly; 3) perform outcome-based Replication and Extension analyses of recent findings demonstrating an inverse relationship between CNV burden and stroke outcome at 3 months (mRS), and then determine the key CNV drivers responsible for these associations using existing biomarker data. Results The results of an initial CNV evaluation of 50 samples from each participating dataset are presented demonstrating that the existing GWAS and exome chip data are excellent for the planned CNV analyses. Further, some samples will require additional considerations for analysis, however such samples can readily be identified, as demonstrated by a sample demonstrating clonal mosaicism. Conclusion The CaNVAS study will cost-effectively leverage the numerous advantages of using existing case-control data sets, exploring the relationships between CNV and IS and its subtypes, and outcome at 3 months, in both men and women, in those of African and European-Caucasian descent, this, across the entire adult-age spectrum. Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.
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| 18. |
- Rao, P. S. P., et al.
(författare)
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Sources of chemical species in rainwater during monsoon and non-monsoonal periods over two mega cities in India and dominant source region of secondary aerosols
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310 .- 1873-2844. ; 146, s. 90-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Samples of rainwater (RW) were collected to characterize the chemistry and sources in two representative megacities at Pune (Southwest) and Delhi (Northern) India from 2011 to 2014 across two seasons: monsoon (MN) and non-monsoon (NMN). Collected RW samples were analyzed for major chemical constituents (F-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+), pH and conductivity. In addition, bicarbonate (HCO3-) was also estimated. The mean pH values of the RW were >6 at Pune and <6 at Delhi and 4% and 26% were acidic, respectively. The mean sum of all measured ionic species in Pune and Delhi was 304.7 and 536.4 mu ep/l, respectively, indicating that significant atmospheric pollution effects in these Indian mega cities. Both the Ca2+ and SO42- were the dominant ions, accounting for 43% (Pune) and 54% (Delhi) of the total ions. The sum of measured ions during the NMN period was greater than the NM period by a factor of 1.5 for Pune (278.4: NM and 412.1: NMN mu eq/l) and a factor of about 2.5 for Delhi (406 and 1037.7 mu eq/l). The contributions of SO42- and NO3- to the RW acidity were similar to 40% and 60%, respectively, at Pune and correspondingly, 36% and 64% at Delhi. The concentrations of secondary aerosols (SO42- and NO3-) were higher by a factor of two and three when the air masses were transported to Pune from the continental side. At Delhi, the concentrations of SO42-, NO3-, Ca2+, and Mg2+ were significantly higher when the air masses arrive from Punjab, Haryana, and Pakistan indicating the greater atmospheric pollution over the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Positive matrix factorization was applied to the source apportionment of the deposition fluxes of these ions. Three factors were obtained for Pune and four for Delhi. The sources at Pune were secondary aerosols from fossil fuel combustion, soil dust, and marine, whereas, at Delhi, the sources were soil, fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and industrial chlorine.
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| 19. |
- Ray, A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Damage resistance of a thermal barrier coated superalloy used in aero turbine blade under accelerated creep condition
- 2009
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Ingår i: High Temperature Materials and Processes. - 0334-6455 .- 2191-0324. ; 28:1-2, s. 35-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper highlights the hot tensile and accelerated creep properties of a thermal barrier coated (TBC) AE 437A alloy used as a candidate blade material in aero engines. Acoustic emission technique has been utilised to characterise the ductile-brittle transition temperature of the bond coat. Results revealed that the DBTT (ductile to brittle transition temperature) of this bond coat is around 923 K, which is in close proximity to the value reported for NiCoCrAlY type of bond coat. Finite element technique used for analysing the equivalent stresses in the bond coat well within the elastic limit, revealed highest order of equivalent stress at 1073 K as the bond coat is ductile above 923 K. The lifetime of the TBC coated superai loy was superior to that of the bare substrate and that oxidation is likely the cause of the reduced life of the bare substrate as compared to the coated substrate while stress rupture or accelerated creep experiments are carried out in an oxidizing environment.. Delamination of the bond coat and that of the TBC at high stresses during accelerated creep was evident. During accelerated creep, the mode of fracture in the substrate at very high stresses was transgranular whereas that at low stresses was intergranular.
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| 20. |
- Joshi, S., et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved photometric and spectroscopic analysis of the luminous Ap star HD 103498
- 2010
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Ingår i: Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 401:2, s. 1299-1307
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the results of the photometric and spectroscopic monitoring of the luminous Ap star HD 103498. The time-series photometric observations were carried out on 17 nights using a three-channel fast photometer attached to the 1.04-m optical telescope at the Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital. The photometric data from five nights in 2007 show a clear signature of 15-min periodicity. However, the follow-up observations during 2007-2009 did not reproduce any such periodicity. To confirm the photometric light variations, time-series spectroscopic observations were carried out with the 2.56-m Nordic Optical Telescope (NOT) at La Palma on 2009 February 2. No radial velocity variations were present in this data set, which is in full agreement with the photometric observations taken around the same date. Model atmosphere and abundance analysis of HD 103498 show that the star is evolved from the main sequence and its atmospheric abundances are similar to those of two other evolved Ap stars, HD 133792 and HD 204411: large overabundances of Si, Cr and Fe and moderate overabundances of the rare-earth elements. These chemical properties and a higher effective temperature distinguish HD 103498 from any known roAp star.
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| 21. |
- Kukkonen, J., et al.
(författare)
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Towards a Comprehensive Evaluation of the Environmental and Health Impacts of Shipping Emissions
- 2022
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Ingår i: Springer Proceedings in Complexity. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 2213-8684 .- 2213-8692. ; , s. 329-336
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a new concept for marine research, applied in the EU-funded project EMERGE, “Evaluation, control and Mitigation of the EnviRonmental impacts of shippinG Emissions” (2020–2024; https://emerge-h2020.eu/ ). For the first time, both the various marine and atmospheric impacts of the shipping sector have been and will be comprehensively analyzed, using a concerted modelling and measurements framework. The experimental part of the project focuses on five European geographical case studies in different ecologically vulnerable regions, and a mobile onboard case study. The EMERGE consortium has also developed a harmonised and integrated modelling framework to assess the combined impacts of shipping emissions, both (i) on the marine ecosystems and (ii) the atmospheric environment. The first results include substantial refinements of a range of models to be applied, especially those for the STEAM and OpenDrift models. In particular, the STEAM (Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model) model has been extended to allow for the effects of atmospheric and oceanographic factors on the fuel consumption and emissions of the ships. The OpenDrift model has been improved to take into account the partitioning, degradation, and volatilization of pollutants in water. The predicted emission and discharge values have been used as input for both regional scale atmospheric dispersion models, such as WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting—Community Multiscale Air Quality Model) and SILAM (System for Integrated modeLling of Atmospheric composition), and water quality and circulation models, such as OpenDrift (Open source model for the drifting of substances in the ocean) and Delft3D (oceanographic model). The case study regions are Eastern Mediterranean, Northern Adriatic Sea, the Lagoon of Aveiro, the Solent Strait and the Öresund Strait. We have also conducted a substantial part of the experimental campaigns scheduled in the project. The final assessment will include the benefits and costs of control and mitigation options affecting water quality, air pollution exposure, health impacts, climate forcing, and ecotoxicological effects and bioaccumulation of pollutants in marine biota.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Singha, A. D., et al.
(författare)
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Reentrant canonical spin-glass dynamics and tunable field-induced transitions in (GeMn)Co2O4 Kagomé lattice
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 36:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the reentrant canonical semi spin-glass characteristics and controllable field-induced transitions in distorted Kagomé symmetry of (GeMn)Co2O4. This B-site spinel exhibits complicated, yet interesting magnetic behaviour in which the longitudinal ferrimagnetic (FiM) order sets in below the Néel temperature TFN ∼ 77 K due to uneven moments of divalent Co (↑ 5.33 μB) and tetravalent Mn (↓ 3.87 μB) which coexists with transverse spin-glass state below 72.85 K. Such complicated magnetic behaviour is suggested to result from the competing anisotropic superexchange interactions (JAB/kB ∼ 4.3 K, JAA/kB ∼ −6.2 K and JBB/kB ∼ −3.3 K) between the cations, which is extracted following the Néel's expression for the two-sublattice model of FiM. Dynamical susceptibility (χac (f, T)) and relaxation of thermoremanent magnetization, MTRM (t) data have been analysed by means of the empirical scaling-laws such as Vogel–Fulcher law and Power law of critical slowing down. Both of which reveal the reentrant spin-glass like character which evolves through a number of intermediate metastable states. The magnitude of Mydosh parameter (Ω ∼ 0.002), critical exponent zυ = (6.7 ± 0.07), spin relaxation time τ0 = (2.33 ± 0.1) × 10−18 s, activation energy Ea/kB = (69.8 ± 0.95) K and interparticle interaction strength (T0 = 71.6 K) provide the experimental evidences for canonical spin-glass state below the spin freezing temperature TF = 72.85 K. The field dependence of TF obtained from χac (T) follows the irreversibility in terms of de Almeida–Thouless mean-field instability in which the magnitude of crossover scaling exponent Φ turns out to be ∼2.9 for the (Ge0.8Mn0.2)Co2O4. Isothermal magnetization plots reveal two field-induced transitions across 9.52 kOe (HSF1) and 45.6 kOe (HSF2) associated with the FiM domains and spin-flip transition, respectively. Analysis of the inverse paramagnetic susceptibility after subtracting the temperature independent diamagnetic term (=−3 × 10−3 emu mol−1 Oe−1) results in the effective magnetic moment = 7.654 μB/f.u. This agrees well with the theoretically obtained = 7.58 μB/f.u. resulting the cation distribution in support of the Hund's ground state spin configuration and of Mn4+ and Co2+, respectively. The H–T phase diagram has been established by analysing all the parameters (TF(H), TFN(H), HSF1(T) and HSF2(T)) extracted from various magnetization measurements. This diagram enables clear differentiation among the different phases of the (GeMn)Co2O4 and also illustrates the demarcation between short-range and long-range ordered regions.
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| 24. |
- Tiwari, Suresh, et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 over Guwahati in Brahmaputra River Valley : Temporal evolution, source apportionment and meteorological dependence
- 2017
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Pollution Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1309-1042. ; 8:1, s. 13-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Temporal evolution, source apportionment and transport pathways of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) are analysed over Guwahati, located in the Brahmaputra River Valley (BRV), as a function of meteorological dynamics. During the study period (July 2013-June 2014), the mean PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations were found to be 52 +/- 37 and 91 +/- 60 mu g m (-3), respectively, both exhibiting higher concentrations during DecembereMarch and very low during summer. The annual mean ratio of PM2.5/ PM10 was 0.57 +/- 0.11, varying from 0.24 to 0.86, suggesting dominance of anthropogenic vs natural emissions during winter and spring, respectively. Diurnal variation reveals higher PM concentrations during morning (similar to 9: 00 local time (LT)) and evening (similar to 23: 00 LT) and lowest around similar to 14: 00 to 17: 00 LT due to influence of dilution processes and higher mixing-layer height over the region. Bivariate plots and Conditional Bivariate Probability Function (CBPF) analysis showed that the highest PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are mostly associated with weak northwestern winds (< 1.5 ms (- 1)) in all seasons except spring, when the highest PM10 are for southwestern winds above 4-6 ms(- 1), indicating dust transport from SW Asia. Analysis reveals that the local emissions, transported aerosols, along with seasonallychanged air masses, meteorology and boundary-layer dynamics control the concentrations, evolution and fractions of PM over BRV. The turbid air masses transported over Guwahati mostly from western and southwestern directions contribute to higher PM concentrations, either carrying anthropogenic pollution from Indo-Gangetic Plains or locally and LRT dust from BRV and western India, respectively.
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| 25. |
- Tiwari, Suresh, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric heating due to black carbon aerosol during the summer monsoon period over Ballia : A rural environment over Indo-Gangetic Plain
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 178, s. 393-400
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black carbon (BC) aerosols are one of the most uncertain drivers of global climate change. The prevailing view is that BC mass concentrations are low in rural areas where industrialization and vehicular emissions are at a minimum. As part of a national research program called the Ganga Basin Ground Based Experiment-2014 under the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) Phase-III of Ministry of Earth Sciences, Government of India, the continuous measurements of BC and particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations, were conducted in a rural environment in the highly-polluted Indo-Gangetic Plain region during 16th June to 15th August (monsoon period), 2014. The mean mass concentration of BC was 4.03 (+/- 0.85) mu g m(-3) with a daily variability between 2.4 and 5.64 mu g m(-3), however, the mean mass PM concentrations [near ultrafine (PM1.0), fine (PM2.5) and inhalable (PM1.0)] were 29.1(+/- 16.2), 34.7 (+/- 19.9) and 43.7 (+/- 283) mu g m(-3), respectively. The contribution of BC in PM1.0 was approximately 13%, which is one of the highest being recorded. Diurnally, the BC mass concentrations were highest (mean: 5.89 mu g m(-3)) between 20:00 to 22:00 local time (LT) due to the burning of biofuels/biomass such as wood, dung, straw and crop residue mixed with dung by the local residents for cooking purposes. The atmospheric direct radiative forcing values due to the composite and BC aerosols were determined to be +78.3, +44.9, and +45.0 W m(-2) and +42.2, +35.4 and +34.3 W m(-2) during the months ofJune, July and August, respectively. The corresponding atmospheric heating rates (AHR) for composite and BC aerosols were 2.21,1.26 and 1.26; and 1.19, 0.99 and 0.96 K day(-1) for the month ofJune, July and August, respectively, with a mean of 1.57 and 1.05 K day(-1) which was 33% lower AHR (BC) than for the composite particles during the study period. This high AHR underscores the importance of absorbing aerosols such as BC contributed by residential cooking using biofuels in India. Our study demonstrates the need for immediate, effective regulations and policies that mitigate the emission of BC particles from domestic cooking in rural areas of India.
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| 26. |
- Tiwari, Suresh, et al.
(författare)
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Observations of ambient trace gas and PM10 concentrations at Patna, Central Ganga Basin during 2013-2014 : The influence of meteorological variables on atmospheric pollutants
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8095 .- 1873-2895. ; 180, s. 138-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric pollutants including ozone (O-3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and inhalable particulate matter (PM10) were measured in the central Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) at Patna, India, from 1st March 2013 to 31st December 2014, and significant variability was observed in the temporal patterns of these pollutant concentrations. The mean O-3, SO2, NO, NO2, CO (trace gases: TG), and PM10 (PM) concentrations were 14.5 +/- 4.8, 5.9 +/- 4.8, 23.1 +/- 22, 20.6 +/- 14.6 ppb, 1.5 +/- 0.7 ppm, and 192.0 +/- 132.8 ng/m(3), respectively, over the study period. The highest concentrations of these species were during the post-monsoon and winter seasons except O-3 and SO2 that showed the highest concentrations during the pre-monsoon. The lowest concentrations of TG and PM were observed during the monsoon season as a result of scavenging by rain. NO and NO2 along with PM concentrations decreased by similar to 76,19, and 63% when the wind speed (WS) was >0.5 m/s. However, for O-3, an opposite trend was observed with similar to 14% higher concentrations. The WS was negatively correlated with PM during the winter (-0.48) and post-monsoon (-0.32) seasons. In order to investigate the source region of TG and PM, 5-day air mass back trajectories were computed. The dominance of the air masses (92, 53, and 49%) were from the IGB is highly polluted during the winter, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon, respectively. The TG and PM were observed much higher during these periods. During the biomass burning period (post-monsoon), the trajectory analysis showed that the TG and PM concentrations were around three-fold higher (flow from the IGB) than the other seasons. To improve air quality over IGB, the mitigation measures should be designed to reduce emissions from both local and regional sources.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Mishra, Prashant, et al.
(författare)
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Electrocatalytic biofuel cell based on highly efficient metal-polymer nano-architectured bioelectrodes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 39, s. 601-607
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bioenergy based devices are rapidly gaining significant research interest because of growing quest for future alternative energy resources, but most of the existing technologies suffer from poor electron transfer and slow mass transport, which hinder the fabrication of realistic high-power devices. Using a versatile strategy, here we have demonstrated the fabrication of nanoparticle-polymer framework based bioelectrocatalytic interfaces which facilitate a high mass-transport and thus offers the simple construction of advanced enzyme-based biofuel cells. It has been shown that a gold nanoparticle-structured polyaniline network can be effectively used as an electrical cabling interface providing efficient electron transfer for bio-anode and cathode. The resulting bioelectrodes are capable of excellent diffusional mass-transport and thus can easily facilitate the design of new and highly efficient membrane-less advanced bioenergy devices. The biofuel cell delivers a high-power density of about 2.5 times (i.e., 685 mu W cm(-2)) and open circuit voltage of 760 mV compared to conventional conducting polymer-based biofuel cells.
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| 33. |
- Naghavi, N., et al.
(författare)
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Buffer layers and transparent conducting oxides for chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2) based thin film photovoltaics : Present status and current developments
- 2010
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Ingår i: Progress in Photovoltaics. - : Wiley. - 1062-7995 .- 1099-159X. ; 18:6, s. 411-433
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present contribution is to give a review on the recent work concerning Cd-free buffer and window layers in chalcopyrite solar cells using various deposition techniques as well as on their adaptation to chalcopyrite-type absorbers such as Cu(In,Ga)Se-2, CuInS2, or Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)(2). The corresponding solar-cell performances, the expected technological problems, and current attempts for their commercialization will be discussed. The most important deposition techniques developed in this paper are chemical bath deposition, atomic layer deposition, ILGAR deposition, evaporation, and spray deposition. These deposition methods were employed essentially for buffers based on the following three materials: In2S3, ZnS, Zn1-xMgxO.
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| 34. |
- Nayak, S., et al.
(författare)
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Low-temperature anomalous magnetic behavior of Co2TiO4 and Co2SnO4
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 120:16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the low-temperature anomalous magnetic behavior of ferrimagnetic spinels cobalt orthotitanate (Co2TiO4), which exhibits magnetic compensation behavior across 31.74 K, and cobalt orthostannate (Co2SnO4) exhibiting two sequential magnetic transitions, namely (i) ferrimagnetic to paramagnetic transition with Neel temperature T-N similar to 41 K and reentrant spin-glass behavior with glass transition temperature T-SG similar to 39 K. The Arrott plot (H/M versus M-2) criterion has been used to extricate the order of sequential magnetic transitions occurring below TN. Negative slopes of the Arrott plots below 32 K, metamagnetic-like character of the M-H isotherms, anomalies in the specific-heat (C-P T-1 versus T) below 15 K, and a zero-crossover of isothermal magnetic-entropychange (Delta S) signify the presence of pseudo first-order discontinuous magnetic phase transition in the low-temperature regime 5K <= T <= 32 K. The dc- and ac-susceptibilities of both Co2TiO4 and Co2SnO4 are interpreted in terms of frozen-spin-clusters, which are responsible for very large magnitudes of the coercivity H-C similar to 20 kOe and bipolar-exchange bias H-EB similar to -20 kOe observed below 10 K.
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| 35. |
- Sahin, Cagla, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for dityrosine-mediated inhibition of alpha-synuclein fibrillation
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- α-synuclein (aSyn) is a small intrinsically disordered protein which can self-assemble into highly organized β-sheet structures that are found to accumulate in plaques in the brain of Parkinson’s Disease patients. Oxidative stress has been shown to be important for aSyn and its self-assembly. Here we characterize the molecular and structural effects that mild oxidation has on aSyn monomer and its aggregation. Using a combination of biophysical methods, SAXS and native ion mobility mass spectrometry, we find that oxidation leads to formation of intramolecular dityrosine cross-linkages that reduce aSyn’s size by a factor of √2. MD simulations support our experimental results showing a stable and compact aSyn conformation that prevents self-assembly and amyloid formation by steric hindrance, suggesting an important role of mild oxidation in preventing amyloid formation.
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| 36. |
- Shukla, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of a tunable glucose biosensor based on zinc oxide/chitosan-graft-poly (vinyl alcohol) core-shell nanocomposite
- 2012
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier. - 0039-9140. ; 99, s. 283-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A potentiometrically tuned-glucose biosensor was fabricated using core-shell nanocomposite based on zinc oxide encapsulated chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL). In a typical experiment, ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL core-shell nanocomposite containing <20 nm ZnO nanoparticles was synthesized using wet-chemical method. The glucose responsive bio-electrode, i.e., glucose oxidase/ZnO/chitosan-graft-poly(vinyl alcohol) (GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO) was obtained by immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) onto the electrode made of resulting ZnO core-shell nanocomposite coated on the indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO and GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL electrodes were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), whereas ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL size of core-shell nanoparticles were measured using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The electrostatic interaction between GOD and ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL provided the resulting tuned enzyme electrode with a high degree of enzyme immobilization and excellent lifetime stability. The response studies were carried out as a function of glucose concentration with potentiometric measurement. The GOD/ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL/ITO bioelectrode has showed a linear potential response to the glucose concentration ranging from 2 mu M to 1.2 mM. The glucose biosensor exhibited a fast surface-controlled redox biochemistry with a detection limit of 0.2 mu M, a sensitivity of >0.04 V/mu M and a response time of three sec. ZnO/CHIT-g-PVAL core-shell nanocomposite could be a promising nanomaterials for a range of enzymic biosensors.
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| 37. |
- Shukla, S. K., et al.
(författare)
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Fabrication of ultra-sensitive optical fiber based humidity sensor using TiO2 thin film
- 2012
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials Letters. - : VBRI Press. - 0976-3961 .- 0976-397X. ; 3:5, s. 365-370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thin films of titanium dioxide in anatase form have been prepared using isobutyl titanate as precursor. The resulting TiO2 was coated on an U-shaped pyrex glass rod to sense the humidity of a controlled humid environment using optical fiber approach. The humidity sensing characteristics and the sensing mechanism have been investigated by measuring the output power of the sensor at different humidity. The developed humidity sensor was responded in the humidity ranging from 10 to 95% of relative humidity and exhibited the sensitivity of 0.78, response time 36s and recovery time 73s.
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| 38. |
- Shukla, Sudheesh K., et al.
(författare)
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Optical fibre based non-enzymatic glucose sensing over Cu2+-doped polyaniline hybrid matrix
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sensors and actuators. B, Chemical. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0925-4005 .- 1873-3077. ; 242, s. 522-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The opto-chemical glucose sensing over cupric ion doped polyaniline (Cu+2/PANI) hybrid polymer matrix coated glass rod based optode has been demonstrated.Cu+2/PANI hybrid matrix was synthesized by in situ chemical polymerization of intrinsically functionalized aniline. Furthermore, developed optode has been explored for direct oxidisation of glucose on Cu+2/PANI hybrid matrix for non-enzymatic glucose sensing employing O-dianisidine indicator system. The proposed glucose sensor works well in range of 50 mg/dL-200 mg/dL with response time of 15 s in artificial as well as in biological samples along with 40 days of lifespan. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Shukla, Sudheesh K., et al.
(författare)
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Self-Reporting Micellar Polymer Nanostructures for Optical Urea Biosensing
- 2014
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Ingår i: Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0888-5885 .- 1520-5045. ; 53:20, s. 8509-8514
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report the facile fabrication of a self-reporting, highly sensitive and selective optical urea nanobiosensor using chitosan-g-polypyrrole (CHIT-g-PPy) nanomicelles as a sensing platform. Urease was immobilized on the spherical micellar surface to create an ultrasensitive self-reporting nanobiosystem for urea. The resulting nanostructures show monodisperse size distributions before and after enzyme loading. The critical micelle concentration of the enzyme-immobilized polymer nanostructure was measured to be 0.49 mg/L in phosphate buffer at pH 7.4. The nanobiosensor had a linear optical response to urea concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 30 mM with a response time of a few seconds. This promising approach provides a novel methodology for self-reporting bioassembly over nanostructure polymer micelles and furnishes the basis for fabrication of sensitive and efficient optical nanobiosensors.
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| 40. |
- Tiwari, D., et al.
(författare)
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Antidamping spin-orbit torques in epitaxial-Py(100)/beta-Ta
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AIP Publishing. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 111:23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We perform spin torque ferromagnetic resonance measurements on the Si(100)/TiN(100)/epi-Py(100)/beta-Ta system. We demonstrate current induced modulation of the Gilbert damping constant, which is about 30% for a current density of 6.25 x 10(9) A/m(2). We show that the observed modulation of the Gilbert damping constant cannot be explained by spin transfer torques arising from the spin Hall effect of the beta-Ta layer. An additional mechanism such as antidamping spinorbit torque resulting from the interface or the crystalline structure of Py thin films needs to be considered. Published by AIP Publishing.
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| 41. |
- Tiwari, S., et al.
(författare)
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Lifestyle factors as mediators of area-level socio-economic differentials in cardiovascular disease risk factors. The Troms? Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ssm-Population Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-8273. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and disability and living in areas with low socio-economic status (SES) is associated with increased risk of CVD. Lifestyle factors such as smoking, physical inactivity, an unhealthy diet and harmful alcohol use are main risk factors that contribute to other modifiable risk factors, such as hypertension, raised blood cholesterol, obesity, and diabetes. The potential impact of area -level socio-economic status (ASES) on metabolic CVD risk factors via lifestyle behaviors independent of indi-vidual SES has not been investigated previously.Aims: To estimate associations of ASES with CVD risk factors and the mediating role of lifestyle behaviors in-dependent of individual-level SES.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included 19,415 participants (52% women) from the seventh survey of the Tromso Study (2015-2016) (Tromso7). The exposure variable ASES was created by aggregating individual -level SES variables (education, income, housing ownership) at the geographical subdivision level. Individual -level SES data and geographical subdivision of Tromso municipality (36 areas) were obtained from Statistics Norway. Variables from questionnaires and clinical examinations obtained from Tromso7 were used as mediators (smoking, snuff, alcohol, and physical activity), while the outcome variables were body mass index (BMI), total/ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol ratio, waist circumference, hypertension, diabetes. Mediation and mediated moderation analysis were performed with age as a moderator, stratified by sex.Results: ASES was significantly associated with all outcome variables. CVD risk factor level declined with an increase in ASES. These associations were mediated by differences in smoking habits, alcohol use and physical activity. The associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio and waist circumference (women) were moderated by age, and the moderating effects were mediated by smoking and physical activity in both sexes. The largest mediated effects were seen in the associations of ASES with total/HDL cholesterol ratio, with the me-diators accounting for 43% of the observed effects.Conclusions: Living in lower SES areas is associated with increased CVD risk due to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as smoking, alcohol use and physical inactivity. These associations were stronger in women and among older participants.
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| 42. |
- Tiwari, S., et al.
(författare)
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Simultaneous measurements of black carbon and PM2.5, CO, and NOx variability at a locally polluted urban location in India
- 2015
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Ingår i: Natural Hazards. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-030X .- 1573-0840. ; 75:1, s. 813-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Black carbon, which is a by-product of incomplete combustion of carbon containing fuels, can alter atmospheric radiation property and make adverse impacts on human health. This paper shows the comparative study of particles and associated gaseous pollutants measurements at five observatories dispersed across central part of megacity Delhi, India, with high-temporal resolution (5 min) measurements. The mean +/- SD concentrations of black carbon (BC), fine particles (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of the all five stations were 13.4 +/- 10, 149.6 +/- 109 mu g m(-3), 3.4 +/- 2 ppm, and 81.8 +/- 79 ppb, respectively. The mean mass concentration of PM2.5 was approximately four times and ten times in excess of annual average standards of Indian air quality (40 mu g m(-3)) and USEPA (15 mu g m(-3)) levels. Highest BC mass concentrations were recorded during winter (December) due to consistent with a shallower atmospheric boundary layer, lower wind speeds, and possibly larger biofuel burning in the coldest period. Also, the strong diurnal dynamics in boundary layer height had a large impact on the ground-level concentrations of all the pollutants. A significant difference in the emissions of atmospheric pollutants was observed over Delhi during weekdays and weekends during study period. There was a strong diurnal effect on BC and the other pollutants, presumably with mixing height as a strong driver. The 24-h cycle is characterized throughout the study by maximum concentrations around midnight and lowest concentrations at 1500-1700 hours local time (LT), with a local maximum between 0800 and 1000 hours LT, presumably due to morning rush hour. While the amplitude of the BC excursion was a factor of 2-3, the mixing height decreased by a factor of 12-14 from day to night. This monitoring program contributed to insights into the levels and dynamics of atmospheric pollutants in the New Delhi megacity over a 5-month period. The concentrations are varying over several timescales, consistent with both atmospheric mixing and variations in presumed emission source strengths.
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| 43. |
- Bikkina, Srinivas, et al.
(författare)
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Air quality in megacity Delhi affected by countryside biomass burning
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainability. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629. ; 2:3, s. 200-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- South Asian megacities are strong sources of regional air pollution. Delhi is a key hotspot of health-and climate-impacting black carbon (BC) emissions, affecting environmental sustainability in densely populated northern India. Effective mitigation of BC impact is hampered by highly uncertain emission source estimates. Here, we use dual-carbon isotope fingerprints (delta C-13/Delta C-14) of BC to constrain the seasonal source variability in Delhi. These measurements show that lower BC concentrations in summer are predominantly from fossil fuel sources (similar to 83%). However, large-scale open burning of post-harvest crop residue/wood in nearby rural regions is contributing to severe haze pollution in Delhi during winter and autumn (similar to 42 +/- 17%). Hence, the common conception that megacities affect their surroundings is here amended or seasonally reversed. Therefore, to combat the severe air pollution problems in Delhi and the environmental quality of northern India, current urban efforts need to be complemented with countryside regional mitigation.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Jacob, A. M., et al.
(författare)
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Hunting for the elusive methylene radical
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 647
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The NKaKc = 404-313 transitions of ortho-CH2 between 68 and 71 GHz were first detected toward the Orion-KL and W51 Main star-forming regions. Given their high upper level energies (225 K) above the ground state, they were naturally thought to arise in dense, hot molecular cores near newly formed stars. However, this has not been confirmed by further observations of these lines and their origin has remained unclear. Generally, there is a scarcity of observational data for CH2 and, while it is an important compound in the astrochemical context, its actual occurrence in astronomical sources is poorly constrained. Aims. In this work, we aim to investigate the nature of the elusive CH2 emission, address its association with hot cores, and examine alternative possibilities for its origin. Owing to its importance in carbon chemistry, we also extend the search for CH2 lines by observing an assortment of regions, guided by the hypothesis that the observed CH2 emission is likely to arise from the hot gas environment of photodissociation regions (PDRs). Methods. We carried out our observations first using the Kitt Peak 12 m telescope to verify the original detection of CH2 toward different positions in the central region of the Orion Molecular Cloud 1. These were followed-up by deep integrations using the higher angular resolution of the Onsala 20 m telescope. We also searched for the NKaKc = 212-303 transitions of para-CH2 between 440-445 GHz toward the Orion giant molecular cloud complex using the APEX 12 m telescope. We also obtained auxiliary data for carbon recombination lines with the Effelsberg 100 m telescope and employing archival far infrared data. Results. The present study, along with other recent observations of the Orion region reported here, rule out the possibility of an association with gas that is both hot and dense. We find that the distribution of the CH2 emission closely follows that of the [CII] 158 μm emission, while CH2 is undetected toward the hot core itself. The observations suggest, rather, that its extended emission arises from hot but dilute layers of PDRs and not from the denser parts of such regions as in the case of the Orion Bar. This hypothesis was corroborated by comparisons of the observed CH2 line profiles with those of carbon radio recombination lines (CRRLs), which are well-known PDR tracers. In addition, we report the detection of the 70 GHz fine- and hyperfine structure components of ortho-CH2 toward the W51 E, W51 M, W51 N, W49 N, W43, W75 N, DR21, and S140 star-forming regions, and three of the NKaKc = 404-313 fine- and hyperfine structure transitions between 68-71 GHz toward W3 IRS5. While we have no information on the spatial distribution of CH2 in these regions, aside from that in W51, we again see a correspondence between the profiles of CH2 lines and those of CRRLs. We see a stronger CH2 emission toward the extended HII region W51 M rather than toward the much more massive and denser W51 E and N regions, which strongly supports the origin of CH2 in extended dilute gas. We also report the non-detection of the 212-303 transitions of para-CH2 toward Orion. Furthermore, using a non-LTE radiative transfer analysis, we can constrain the gas temperatures and H2 density to (163 ± 26) K and (3.4 ± 0.3) × 103 cm-3, respectively, for the 68-71 GHz ortho-CH2 transitions toward W3 IRS5, for which we have a data set of the highest quality. This analysis confirms our hypothesis that CH2 originates inwarm and dilute PDR layers. Our analysis suggests that for the excitation conditions under the physical conditions that prevail in such an environment, these lines are masering, with weak level inversion. The resulting amplification of the lines' spontaneousemission greatly aids in their detection.
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| 46. |
- Kandpal, M, et al.
(författare)
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Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut-Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system. The axis keeps track of gastrointestinal activities and integrates them to connect gut health to higher cognitive parts of the brain. Disruption in this connection may facilitate various neurological and gastrointestinal problems. Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the progressive dysfunction of specific populations of neurons, determining clinical presentation. Misfolded protein aggregates that cause cellular toxicity and that aid in the collapse of cellular proteostasis are a defining characteristic of neurodegenerative proteinopathies. These disorders are not only caused by changes in the neural compartment but also due to other factors of non-neural origin. Mounting data reveal that the majority of gastrointestinal (GI) physiologies and mechanics are governed by the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the regulation and physiological function of the brain, although the mechanism involved has not yet been fully interpreted. One of the emerging explanations of the start and progression of many neurodegenerative illnesses is dysbiosis of the gut microbial makeup. The present understanding of the literature surrounding the relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and the emergence of certain neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and multiple sclerosis, is the main emphasis of this review. The potential entry pathway of the pathogen-associated secretions and toxins into the CNS compartment has been explored in this article at the outset of neuropathology. We have also included the possible mechanism of undelaying the synergistic effect of infections, their metabolites, and other interactions based on the current understanding.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Mishra, A., et al.
(författare)
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Progress in paper-based analytical devices for climate neutral biosensing
- 2022
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Ingår i: Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1370. ; 11, s. 100166-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Disposable diagnostics is ramping up the development of green practices for healthcare. Paper is an excellent natural substrate for emerging low-cost, ecologically acceptable analytical devices. Flexibility, three-dimensional fibre structure, mechanical characteristics, ease of manufacturing and customization are the key advantages of cellulose as preferable materials for green analytical devices. This article overviews the advances in paper-based optical and electroanalytical devices, including manufacturing, validation of functions, detection methodology, and applications. The renewable resources hold the potential to accomplish the biodegradable analytical techniques due to their climate neutral waste management. The paper-based electrodes have demonstrated excellent performance for diagnostics while being eco-friendly at the same time. Therefore, the forthcoming sustainable diagnostics approaches require integrating paper-based analytical devices (PADs) built out of disposable electrodes. The diverse green materials and methods facilitate climate neural point-of-care products for the net-zero market. Numerous researches have been conducted in recent years to develop innovative technologies capable of analysing clinical samples quickly, accurately, simply, and sensitively, with the primary objective of offering competent tools for illness diagnosis and treatment efficacy follow-up. The micro-PADs show excellent abilities for quick onsite diagnostics within μ-level detection range. The sensitivity, stability, and reliability of analytical devices are the essential factors enabling larger-scale production and commercialization. The projected fabrication and analytical methods in the direction of paper-based devices could be nicely and reliably utilized for understanding and adaptation of climate neutral diagnostic technologies in healthcare sector. This detailed article discusses the sustainable framework that integrates green bioelectronics and sensor technologies adhering to diverse functionality for health and the environment. The paper-based digital technology (PDigiT) could be employed as a simple, cost-effective, and efficient net-zero technology for real-time monitoring of outbreaks and bio-surveillance.
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