| 1. |
- Tojo, Naoko, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diversity in Education : Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides - Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides. - 9789187357206 ; , s. 1-12
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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Diversity in Education : Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- International and interdisciplinary programmes for students from diverse cultural and professional backgrounds entail many benefits—perhaps the most essential is learning how to work with people holding different perspectives. However, they also bring many challenges.How can we support students from abroad, both inside and beyond the classroom? How can we equip students from diverse backgrounds with basic knowledge in different academic disciplines? How can we design effective courses for these students? Which pedagogical approaches can we use? How can we facilitate group work among these students? How do we follow up with students after they graduate?This book explores the challenges of interdisciplinary international programmes at Lund University. In this book, lecturers, administrators and students tell how they have faced and overcome these challenges. By sharing the concrete experiences of designers and implementers of interdisciplinary programmes for international students, we hope to improve learning for all!
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| 5. |
- Elander, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Impact assessment of policies promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As part of the Mistra Future Fashion Research Program, IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute (IVL), the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) and PlanMiljø have investigated policy options promoting (fiber-to-fiber) recycling of textile waste. The ambition was to contribute to and broaden the discussion regarding potential policy measures in the textile field as well as potential elements that can be included in such policies.Ten policy measures promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles, contributing to circular flows of textile waste, were identified and described. Two policy measures were selected for impact assessment: mandatory extended producer responsibility (EPR) and refunded virgin payments (RVP). The policy evaluation was carried out as an ex-ante assessment with regard to eight policy goals. Stakeholder views on the identified and assessed policy measures were collected in a policy workshop and via an online questionnaire. There is a potential to broaden the scope of policy measures promoting fiber-to-fiber recycling of textiles compared to the policy recommendations made by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). New policy measures in the textile field should embrace potentials to generate upstream improvements and increasing the demand for recycled textile fibers.Although the Swedish EPA suggests a mandatory EPR for textiles as one of two alternative policy options for handling of textile waste, the proposal focuses almost exclusively on downstream improvements. The mandatory EPR assessed in this report includes additional elements, embracing also the potential of an EPR system to generate upstream improvements. Economic instruments have shown to be successful measures to reduce environmental externalities. The RVP system assessed in this report adds a new perspective on potential ways and means to promote recycling of textiles complementing the investigation on how public bodies can contribute to more reuse and recycling of textiles by green public procurement suggested by the Swedish EPA.Both a mandatory EPR and a RVP system have potentials to have large positive impacts on fiber-to-fiber recycling as well as overall recycling of textiles. A mandatory EPR system has the same or larger positive impacts on all eight policy goals defined in this report compared to a RVP system. A mandatory EPR system embodies the potential to integrate a range (combination) of complementing policy measures whereas an RVP system should be complemented by additional policy measures.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Fischer, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Green economy and recycling in Europe
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Recycling has traditionally been promoted for environmental reasons, but it also has increasing economic importance. A review of the development of the concept of green economy indicates that recycling is an integral part of green economy. This report is about recycling and different aspects of its economic importance for Europe such as turnover, trade within and out of Europe and job creation. The report also covers how much recycling ensures total consumption of different materials in Europe currently and what the potential is for increasing this share. Special focus is also placed on the question of current and future need of rare metals.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Kiss, Bernadett, et al.
(författare)
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The context of the book: a Swedish perspective
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diversity in Education : Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides - Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides. - 9789187357206 ; , s. 13-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ljungkvist Norden, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Key aspects for introducing an extended producer responsibility for textiles in Sweden
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mistra Future Fashion Phase 2, IVL Swedish Environment Institute (IVL), PlanMiljø and the International Institute of Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at Lund University have investigated a selection of important aspects to consider when implementing an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) for textiles in Sweden. The focus of the work was to identify, analyse and promote aspects that could help to balance upstream and downstream effects of an EPR. Large emphasis has been put on dialogue with actors in the textile value chain, to gather as much different knowledge and varying opinions as possible.
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| 14. |
- Machek, Dominika, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable supply chain management of clothing industry—current policy landscape and roles and limitation of multi-stakeholder initiatives
- 2021
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Ingår i: EcoDesign and Sustainability I. - Singapore : Springer Singapore. - 2194-055X .- 2194-0541. ; , s. 199-213
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High environmental and social impacts arisen from long and complicated global supply chain of clothing industry has been long recognized. However, a thorough review of the sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) policy development pertaining to clothing industry at the EU level indicates that legislative measures specifically addressing SSCM of clothing industry is currently lacking. Multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs) emerged as a non-legislative governance measure engaging various stakeholders, and its role to fill in the governance gap has been highlighted in, among others, the global supply chains of clothing industry. Interviews with nine Swedish brand representatives participating in three selected MSIs—Sustainable Apparel Coalition, Sweden Textile Water Initiative and Textile Exchange—on one hand elucidate tangible contributions of the three case MSIs to the brands’ SSCM measures. We meanwhile also observe the trend of various MSIs to consolidate their efforts and harmonise their activities, and that the discourse within the MSIs tend to be dominated by a few large brands. The outcome of such discourse, such as standards which in light of current lack of legislative measures could serve as default global standards, may become a suboptimal compromise from sustainability standpoint. The paper closes with potential future way forward to enhance sustainability of clothing supply chain.
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| 15. |
- Manomaivibool, Panate, et al.
(författare)
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EPR in a non-OECD Context: An introduction to research projects on the management of WEEE
- 2008
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been an upsurge of interest in the principle of extended producer responsibility (EPR) among policy makers and scholars in non-OECD countries. The principle has been applied and its impacts studied rather extensively in various OECD countries. However, similar experiences are largely lacking in non-OECD countries. This paper presents some ongoing research and preliminary findings on the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The research aims to explore both potentials and limitations of EPR under non-OECD conditions. Hitherto, there have been four projects in three countries: India, Thailand, and Argentina. The first project in India in 2007 investigated the specificity of this non-OECD context and the explanatory boundary of the principle. The second phase of the research studies a WEEE policy development in the three countries. At the time of writing, they appear to follow different courses of action. The India Government issued a guideline suggesting an incorporation of WEEE under the existing Hazardous Waste Rules. The Thai Government shows particular interest in economic instruments, such as product fees and deposit-refund system, and has been working on a draft law that would govern the use of these instruments for the management of some WEEE and other used products. In Argentina, a senator proposed a dedicated WEEE framework law based on EPR. Our analysis identifies collection of post-consumer WEEE as a major practical bottleneck particularly when there is a strong presence of the so-called informal sector. EPR can be a driving force for improvements by mobilising resources from producers and channelling them to end-of-life management. In addition, in a long run, it can lead to design changes in products and product systems. However, market anomalies in a non-OECD context such as sizeable black/grey markets for several product groups and/or illegal import of used products can put identifiable legal producers at a disadvantageous position and retard feedback mechanisms in an EPR programme. Thus, the applicability of policy alternatives should be assessed against the conditions of particular contexts. We also discuss the importance of problem definition in policy processes.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Manomaivibool, Panate, et al.
(författare)
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The Management of Used Mobile Phones in the United Kingdom -- Is exporting for re-use a sufficient solution?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Going Green CARE INNOVATION.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study examines the management of used mobile phones in the United Kingdom between 2005 and 2008. It shows that the replacement cycle for mobile phones got shorter during the period due to heavy handset subsidies given by mobile network operators. The planned obsolescence presented a business opportunity for the exports of used phones to developing countries. However, the collection for re-use is not a sufficient end-of-life strategy for two reasons. The first is a somewhat dubious fate of re-used phones in developing countries, whether they would ultimately pollute the environment as a result of backyard recycling. Second, the material flow analysis shows that the hibernating stock of uncollected handsets had grew larger during the period. This aging stock of hibernating phones would not be fit for the second hand markets and the WEEE Regulation only had marginal impacts on the collection of these small devices.
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| 19. |
- Murakami-Suzuki, Rie, et al.
(författare)
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The Collection and Recycling Systems of Used Mobile Phone in European Countries and Japan
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Japan, used mobile phones are collected through several voluntary projects. In European countries, on the other hand, used mobile phones are handled together with other electronic waste in mandatory EPR systems and municipalities collect most of them as recyclable wastes. In this study, we focused on the role of producers and municipalities. We seek to conduct a comparative analysis of current voluntary projects in Japan and mandatory systems in selected European countries to provide insights on the development of environmentally sound management and appropriate collection and recycling systems of used mobile phones.
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| 20. |
- Ness, Barry, et al.
(författare)
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It takes an academic village : Establishing an interdisciplinary research school and educating the first generations of PhDs
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diversity in Education : Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides - Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides. - 9789187357206 ; , s. 199-218
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To better understand how to structure interdisciplinary education, there is a need to study and learn from programmes at all levels in the academic system. While considerable effort has been devoted into examining bachelor’s and master’s programmes, the challenges and rewards of doctoral programmes receive less attention. In this chapter, we present the LUCID Ph.D. research school as an example of an international, interdisciplinary programme that integrates social and natural dimensions of sustainability. First, we introduce the programme’s aims and structure. We then present the main activities to facilitate student interaction over its initial seven years of operation including a common and integrated working environment, course offerings, co-authorship, and a range of the different interdisciplinary courses, seminars and workshops that exist. Subsequently, we present and discuss the difficulties relating to the process to initiate, maintain, and improve a competitive international and interdisciplinary programme, covering the challenges of dual departmental affiliation for Ph.D. candidates, interdisciplinary knowledge production and publishing, and the ambition to foster a diverse, open and inclusive educational environment. The main message is that it takes an academic village, an extended group of dedicated and reflexive staff at different levels and departments, working together in a variety of cooperative research and education processes to develop an interdisciplinary Ph.D. programme and educate the first generations of sustainability scientists.
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| 21. |
- Nicholas, Kimberly, et al.
(författare)
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PEER WRITING TUTORS HELP INTERNATIONAL, INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDENTS TO STAKE THEIR CLAIM
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diversity in Education: Crossing cultural, disciplinary and professional divides. - 9789187357206 ; , s. 33-60
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Writing well is central to academic success, but writing skills are not always taughtexplicitly. This is especially problematic in international, interdisciplinaryprograms where such skills help students from diverse backgrounds to develop ashared vocabulary of writing and tools to decode their new academic context.We tackled this issue by hiring and training peer writing tutors to encourage newstudents to learn writing skills (motivational scaffolding) and to help themunderstand how to improve their writing (cognitive scaffolding). Our studentlearning outcomes focused on making and supporting a main claim properlysupported by evidence. We assessed student learning through analysis of theiressay text and reflection papers, as well as surveys sent to both students and tutors.We found that peer writing tutors helped to motivate students to understand whyand how to make claims in academic writing. Focusing on citing sources asevidence for claims revealed that nearly a third of the class had not fullyunderstood appropriate citation despite previous training, leading to plagiarismwarnings, which required ongoing exercises and discussion to address. Tutors benefitted from participating in terms of improving their writing and honingteaching skills.We conclude that peer tutoring is an effective strategy to help both students andtutors across disciplines, nationalities, and writing experience levels to becomebetter and more reflective writers through reinforced motivation and scaffoldedskill-building, and that collaboration across traditional departments and roles inthe university linking teaching staff, support staff, and students was an effectiveand enjoyable way to promote interdisciplinary learning.
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| 22. |
- Peck, Philip, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Economy - Sustainable Materials Management : A compendium by the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics (IIIEE) at Lund University
- 2020. - 2021
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The scope of the compendium covers many parts of theemerging circular economy. We choose to place considerablefocus on some of the substances that we extract from theground – in particular raw materials and critical materials.We focus on circularity in these areas, because presentlywe use too much, too fast, and we are not re-using nearlyenough. In turn, this approach demands that we look atthe technologies that rely on such materials, and howbusinesses are innovating to make circularity of materialsa reality.This document provides many concrete examples of whatwe mean by sustainable materials management. We presentcutting edge insights on a range of topics.• Why raw material supply chains are important to society?• How circularity can benefit us?• Where changes in our economies are required?• Who needs to be involved?• What businesses are doing to make the circular economya reality?• How governments and regulators can support the circulareconomy?
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| 23. |
- Richter, Jessika Luth, et al.
(författare)
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Capturing Complex Value for Policy: Applying Value Mapping in the WEEE EPR System Context.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Electronics Goes Green 2020+ Conference Proceedings. - 9783839616598 ; , s. 576-582
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The European Commission describes a Circular Economy (CE) as an economy “where the value of products,materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible, and the generation of waste minimised.”But what is value in this context and how should CE policies consider value? Extended producer responsibility(EPR) policies are an important part of an EU CE Action Plan. However, there is a need to evaluate thesepolicies in light of CE objectives, including how to retain value(s) in this context. This contribution gives backgroundto this issue and an overview of previous work mapping and assessing stakeholder and multidimensionalvalue. It presents a value mapping tool refined through stakeholder consultations and a workshop to considerstakeholders in an EPR policy system for WEEE. The potential use of such tools for exploring how policies canfurther capture economic, environmental and social value is discussed.
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| 24. |
- Strupeit, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Circular Business Models for the Solar Power Industry - Guide for Policy Makers
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Solar power and electric vehicles (EV) are set to play a leading role in the achievement of the 2030 EU renewable targets and the commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050. Importantly, solar photovoltaics (PV), in combination with energy storage, also has the potential to significantly enhance European energy security, provide citizens and industry with competitive energy, and lead to the creation of thousands of jobs in manufacturing, installation, maintenance, and end-of-life management. While the expected rapid growth of the solar power sector over the coming decade will bring along various resource and waste management challenges, following a circular economy strategy can ensure that these will be handled in a proactive and future-proof manner. Furthermore, a circular economy approach will offer the European solar industry new business opportunities in the design and manufacturing of circular-ready products, as well as in the reuse, refurbishment and recycling of older solar panels.In response to the emerging resource and waste challenges of the solar power and battery sectors, the CIRCUSOL Innovation Action project (funded by the Horizon2020 programme of the European Commission) explored a number of innovative approaches and strategies towards circular business models in these two sectors. Specifically, the project focused on four circularity strategies: (1) reuse of discarded PV panels in second-life applications, and enabled through service-based business models; (2) repurposing of EVBs in second-life applications, specifically for stationary storage of solar power, and enabled through service-based business models; (3) ecodesign of PV panels; and (4) recycling of PV panels through innovative techniques.This guide for policy makers is based on the lessons learned in the CIRCUSOL project from 2018-2022. It compiles key findings from the project and seeks to sketch out pathways and strategies on the way forward. As such, the report aims to contribute to a debate across policy makers, industry representatives, experts and other stakeholders about a potential future policy and governance framework that could catalyze the transition towards circular and resource-efficient solar power and EV battery sectors in Europe.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Takahashi, Wakana, et al.
(författare)
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Waste sorting/disposal habits in Swedish households : Relations with facilities, gender and knowledge of waste treatment [in Japanese]
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the Faculty of International Studies, Utsunomiya University. - 1342-0364. ; 36, s. 1-16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A survey on household waste sorting and disposal habits was conducted in Sweden to investigate behavioral patterns of recycling in a context in which wide measures are taken to promote and encourage pro-environmental behavior by making it easy and convenient. 207 residents of three cities in southern Sweden, Lund, Malmö and Helsingborg, responded to an online questionnaire survey. Relations between waste sorting/disposing habits with facilities, gender and knowledge of waste treatment were analyzed with some emphasis on food waste sorting. Recycling rates were generally high and reasons for sorting indicated that food waste sorting was a norm-based behavior. However, there were also indications that convenience was a precondition. Recycling rates were higher when dedicated containers for disposing (recycling) items were provided and the collection point was closer. There was a striking gender difference in food waste sorting. Single male households did not sort food waste at all while more than 90% of other groups did when provided the collection service. This was interpreted as differences in lifestyles rather than attitudes based on other data. Relations between recycling rates with house-ownership and knowledge of waste treatment fees were found and effects of reference groups were also suggested. The authors plan to replicate the survey in Japan to compare the results and draw implications for designing policies, services and environments for promoting waste sorting/recycling.
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| 27. |
- Tasaki, Tomohiro, et al.
(författare)
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A Survey on Japanese Stakeholders' Perception of the Concept of Extended Producer Responsibilit
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has been underpining recycling/waste/product policy of a number of countries over the past two decades. However, it is considered that the understanding of the concept varies. This presents the findings from a survey conducted in Japan in 2013 to find out the actual perceptions of various stakeholders in Japan. It is part of a global survey conducted in the same year.
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| 28. |
- Tasaki, Tomohiro, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in Perception of Extended Producer Responsibility and Product Stewardship among Stakeholders : An International Questionnaire Survey and Statistical Analysis
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 23:2, s. 438-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different perceptions of the concept of extended producer responsibility and product stewardship (EPR/PS) have tended to lead to prolonged policy disputes and have likely affected the design of EPR/PS policies. We therefore surveyed stakeholders’ perceptions of the concept of EPR/PS, including its aims, application, and rationales, and analyzed 376 responses with regression analysis and cluster analysis. The results clearly demonstrated the diversity in stakeholders’ perceptions and identified/confirmed several patterns between stakeholders’ perceptions and attributes. Concerning aims, our analysis showed that stakeholders from middle-/low-income countries placed more importance on proper treatment and waste reduction in EPR/PS policy, while those from Europe, North America, Japan, and the rest of Asia had different perceptions on seven aims of EPR/PS, especially for increasing collection and shifting responsibility to producers, and paid varying attention to upstream and downstream improvement (e.g., better product design and recycling, respectively). Our analysis also confirmed that respondents perceiving lack of capability of local governments regarding waste management advocated EPR/PS more and respondents positive about information acquisition put more importance on physical responsibility. The largest contributing variables to the perception of EPR/PS were 14 specific EPR/PS mechanisms/issues, suggesting that discussion about specific mechanisms of EPR/PS policy is a key if common and better understandings of the EPR/PS concept are to develop. The dominant rationale of EPR/PS agreed upon by the respondents was producers’ capability, but the concept of beneficiary bears was also supported by 58% of respondents, especially by national governments and North Americans. Finally, implications of the results for EPR/PS policy development were discussed.
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| 29. |
- Tasaki, Tomohiro, et al.
(författare)
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Government involvement in EPR and waste management policy - Based on two cases in California, U.S.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Annual Conference of Japan Society of Material Cycles and Waste Management. ; 22, s. 3-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our investigation of two EPR and waste management programs in California, U.S. revealed two common features: involvement of the state government is small, and the establishment of concrete recycling/waste management systems is to a large extent left in the hands of entities who have direct responsibility for their implementation. Based on the degree of government involvement, we categorized recycling and waste management systems in which two entities - producers and municipalities - are engaged, and analysed their strengths and weaknesses. Our finding indicates that much government involvement does not necessarily mean that producer's obligation becomes larger. Further study is needed to examine how to enhance the effectiveness of a program while maintaining its strengths: flexibility and lessened burdens of the government.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Tasaki, Tomohiro, et al.
(författare)
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Product Standards for Multiple-Function Products in Product Policy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Design for innovative value towards sustainable society --- Proceedings of Eco-Design 2011: 7th International Conference on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. ; 7, s. 476-481
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Emergence of multiple-function products (MFPs) poses a variety of challenges and risks for achieving sustainable consumption and production as well as fair consumer society and universal design. We overviewed MFPs from these viewpoints and then, focusing on product standard as a means to create mechanisms to reduce environmental loads from products, elucidated advantages and limitation of five approaches of standard-setting for MFPs. The five approches examined were (1) neglecting a multiple function, (2) individual presentation of every function, (3) integrated evaluation of functions, (4) segementation of products, and (5) use of frontier analysis.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Thidell, Aake, et al.
(författare)
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Municipality approaches to citizen support in sustainable fashion consumption
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, many Swedish municipalities have taken actions and initiatives to support citizens to more sustainable textile and fashion consumption. This study seeks to, on one hand, describe more advances of such initiatives, what actors in municipalities, affiliated organizations, and collaboration partners that initiated the actions. Another aim is to investigate existing government policies related to sustainable fashion consumption that influence the initiatives and actions at municipal level.The work is based on a combination of approaches: review of municipality reports and meta-studies on relevant municipal initiatives and interviews on specific measures with officials that have been involved in textile and fashion related actions. Literature was also reviewed on policy measures and influences that can have initiated the activities on sustainable fashion consumption at municipal levels.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Tojo, Naoko
(författare)
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Deposit Refund Systems in Sweden.
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report contains four case studies of deposit refund systems for beverage containers in Sweden. It provides an in-depth review of the development of Swedish deposit refund sys-tem for four types of beverage containers – one-way aluminium cans, one-way PET bottles, refillable glass bottles and refillable PET bottles – since their inauguration, as well as concrete operational mechanism and results of the respective systems.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Tojo, Naoko
(författare)
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Development of the Collection and Recycling Systems for Small Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment in Europe [Oushuu ni okeru Shiyouzumi Kogata Kaden no Kaishu Recycle wo meguru doukou, in Japanese]
- 2012
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Ingår i: Material Cycles and Waste Management Research. - 1883-5864. ; 23:4, s. 295-302
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Collection and recycling systems for small waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Europe has been developed based on the 2003 EU Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE Directive), which was transposed into the national laws of EU Member States. With the growing recognition on the potential for small WEEE to supply mateirals that are critical to the continued growth of high-tech industry, collection and recycling of small WEEE has become an important agenda not only in the environmental policy but also in the industry policy since the late 2000s. Recognition of this is reflected in the revision of the WEEE Directive, which was agreed upon in June 2012. This article provides an overview of various policy development in the area of recycling and resource security, followed by a review of the implementation of current WEEE Directive, some discussion points during the revision process, final outcomes of the revision and initiatives of individual member states. A focus of the paper is collection of small WEEE, which was one of the weaknesses in the implementation of the current WEEE Directive and the crucial starting point for efficient resource recovery which Europe is striving for.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Tojo, Naoko, et al.
(författare)
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EPR Programme Implementation: Institutional and Structural Factors
- 2003
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Ingår i: Proceedings of OECD Seminar on Extended Producer Responsibility: EPR Programme Implementation and Assessment. Part II: Assessing EPR Policies and Programmes13-14 December 2001. ; , s. 226-275
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Tojo, Naoko, et al.
(författare)
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Europe as a Recycling Society. European Recycling Policies in relation to the actual recycling achieved
- 2011
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this paper is to provide a classification of recycling policy measures in relation to the actual recycling levels achieved in the EU Member States and in the European Environment Agency member countries. The paper covers the following five waste streams: packaging waste, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), municipal solid waste (MSW), biodegradable municipal waste (BMW) and construction and demolition waste (C & D waste). The report’s data work was finalised by February 2010.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Tojo, Naoko
(författare)
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Extended Producer Responsibility as a Driver for Design Change - Utopia or Reality?
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Policies based upon Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) aim to reduce the environmental impacts of products across their entire life cycle. The intent is to induce design changes in products and thus reduce impacts at source. This, by provision of incentives to producers through an extension of responsibility. Since the early 1990s, a number of countries have incorporated the concept of EPR into policy related to end-of-life management of selected product groups. The incorporation of incentive mechanisms for design change in an EPR programme is, however, perceived to face various challenges, especially for durable, complex products. This thesis presents two sets of in-depth evaluation studies conducted in search of EPR programmes, which incorporate the theoretically envisioned incentive mechanisms in practice. Based upon firm evidence from the studies, it argues that the presence of mandatory EPR programmes do provide positive impacts for the environmental design strategies of manufacturers. This is especially true when implementation is based upon forms of so called individual responsibility where individual producers assume responsibility for the end-of-life management of their own products. Further, this work suggests a range of concrete implementation mechanisms for individual responsibility and highlights the essential components of such approaches.
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| 48. |
- Tojo, Naoko
(författare)
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Extended Producer Responsibility as a Driver for Design Change. Utopia or Reality?
- 2008
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Policies based upon Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) aim to reduce the environmental impacts of products by inducing design changes, by way of an extension of producer’s responsibility. Since the early 1990s, a number of countries have EPR-based policies related to end-of-life management of selected product groups. The incorporation of incentive mechanisms for design change in an EPR programme is, however, perceived to face various challenges, especially for durable, complex products. This book, published originally in 2004 as a PhD thesis, presents two sets of in-depth evaluation studies conducted in search of EPR programmes which incorporate the theoretically envisioned incentive mechanisms in practice. It argues that the presence of mandatory EPR programmes do provide positive impacts for the environmental design strategies of manufacturers, especially when implementation is based upon forms of so called individual responsibility where individual producers assume responsibility for the end-of-life management of their own products. It highlights a range of concrete implementation mechanisms for individual responsibility and their essential components.
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