| 1. |
- Brack, Werner, et al.
(författare)
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The SOLUTIONS project : Challenges and responses for present and future emerging pollutants in land and water resources management
- 2015
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 503, s. 22-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SOLUTIONS (2013 to 2018) is a European Union Seventh Framework Programme Project (EU-FP7). The project aims to deliver a conceptual framework to support the evidence-based development of environmental policies with regard to water quality. SOLUTIONS will develop the tools for the identification, prioritisation and assessment of those water contaminants that may pose a risk to ecosystems and human health. To this end, a new generation of chemical and effect-based monitoring tools is developed and integrated with a full set of exposure, effect and risk assessment models. SOLUTIONS attempts to address legacy, present and future contamination by integrating monitoring and modelling based approaches with scenarios on future developments in society, economy and technology and thus in contamination. The project follows a solutions-oriented approach by addressing major problems of water and chemicals management and by assessing abatement options. SOLUTIONS takes advantage of the access to the infrastructure necessary to investigate the large basins of the Danube and Rhine as well as relevant Mediterranean basins as case studies, and puts major efforts on stakeholder dialogue and support. Particularly, the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) Common Implementation Strategy (CIS) working groups, International River Commissions, and water works associations are directly supported. with consistent guidance for the early detection, identification, prioritisation, and abatement of chemicals in the water cycle. SOLUTIONS will give a specific emphasis on concepts and tools for the impact and risk assessment of complex mixtures of emerging pollutants, their metabolites and transformation products. Analytical and effect-based screening tools will be applied together with ecological assessment tools for the identification of toxicants and their impacts. The SOLUTIONS approach is expected to provide transparent and evidence-based candidates or River Basin Specific Pollutants in the case study basins and to assist future review of priority pollutants under the WFD as well as potential abatement options.
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| 2. |
- Cao, Yang, Associate Professor, 1972-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of piecewise structural equation modeling and Bayesian network for de novo construction of a quantitative adverse outcome pathway network
- 2023
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Ingår i: Altex. - : Springer Spektrum. - 1868-596X .- 1868-8551. ; 40:2, s. 287-298
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative adverse outcome pathway network (qAOPN) is gaining momentum due to the predictive nature, alignment with quantitative risk assessment and great potential as a computational new approach methodology (NAM) to reduce laboratory animal tests. The present work aimed to demonstrate two advanced modeling approaches, piecewise structural equation modeling (PSEM) and Bayesian network (BN), for de novo qAOPN model construction based on routine ecotoxicological data. A previously published AOP network comprised of four linear AOPs linking excessive reactive oxygen species production to mortality in aquatic organisms was employed as a case study. The demonstrative case study intended to answer: Which linear AOP in the network contributed the most to the AO? Can any of the upstream KEs accurately predict the AO? What are the advantages and limitations of PSEM or BN in qAOPN development? The outcomes from the two approaches showed that both PSEM and Bayesian network were suitable for constructing a complex qAOPN based on limited experimental data. Besides quantification of response-response relationships, both approaches were capable of identifying the most influencing linear AOP in a complex network and evaluating the predictive ability of the AOP, albeit some discrepancies in predictive ability were identified for the two approaches using this specific dataset. The PROs and CONs of the two approaches for qAOPN construction were discussed in detail and suggestions on optimal workflows of PSEM and BN were provided to guide future qAOPN development.
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| 3. |
- Farkas, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of silver and gold nanoparticles on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes.
- 2010
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Ingår i: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 96:1, s. 44-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of nanomaterials is rapidly increasing, while little is known about their possible ecotoxicological effects. This work investigates the toxic effects of silver (Ag) and gold (Au) nanoparticles on rainbow trout hepatocytes. In addition to toxicity assessment the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Hepatocyte primary cultures were exposed to Au and Ag nanoparticles, with and without dissolved organic carbon (DOC), as well as HAuCl(4) and AgNO(3) as ionic solutions at concentrations up to 17.4mg/L and 19mg/L, respectively. Ag and Au particles were within the small nanometer size range when dispersed in pure water. In media with higher ionic strength and DOC, particles tended to agglomerate. Cytotoxicity assessments showed that Ag nanoparticles caused a significant reduction in membrane integrity and cellular metabolic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Au nanoparticles caused a threefold elevation of ROS levels, but no cytotoxicity occurred at concentrations tested. The addition of DOC did not alter the particles potency of cytotoxicity or ROS induction capacity. The current study shows that Ag and Au nanoparticles have adverse effects on rainbow trout hepatocytes at low mg/L concentrations.
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| 4. |
- Farkas, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Uptake and effects of manufactured silver nanoparticles in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill cells.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1514 .- 0166-445X. ; 101:1, s. 117-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanoparticles are already widely used in technology, medicine and consumer products, but there are limited data on their effects on the aquatic environment. In this study the uptake and effect of citrate (AgNP(CIT)) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (AgNP(PVP)) coated manufactured silver nanoparticles, as well as AgNO(3) (Ag(+)) were tested using primary gill cells of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Prior to use, the nanoparticles were characterized for size, surface charge and aggregation behavior. Gill cells were cultured either as monolayers on solid support, or as multilayers on a permeable support cell culturing system, enabling transport studies. The uptake of silver nanoparticles and Ag(+) after exposure to 10 mg L(-1) was determined with microscopical methods and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cytotoxicity, in terms of membrane integrity, as well as oxidative stress (depletion of reduced glutathione) was tested at silver concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg L(-1) to 10 mg L(-1). Results show that AgNP(CIT) nanoparticles are readily taken up into gill cell monolayers while uptake was less for AgNP(PVP). In contrast, it appears that the slightly smaller AgNP(PVP) were transported through cultured multilayers to a higher extent, with transport rates generally being in the ng cm(-2) range for 48 h exposures. Transport rates for all exposures were dependent on the epithelial tightness. Moderate cytotoxic effects were seen for all silver treatments. Levels of reduced glutathione were elevated in contrast to control groups, pointing on a possible overcompensation reaction. Taken together silver nanoparticles were taken up into cells and did cause silver transport over cultured epithelial layers with uptake and transport rates being different for the two nanoparticle species. All silver treatments had measurable effects on cell viability.
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| 5. |
- Muusse, Martine, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of AhR agonist compounds in roadside snow
- 2012
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - Heidelberg : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 403:7, s. 2047-2056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonistic contaminants were identified in roadside snow samples. Snow was collected in Oslo, Norway, and compared to a background sample collected from a mountain area. The water and particulate fractions were analysed for AhR agonists using a dioxin-responsive, chemically activated luciferase expression (CALUX) cell assay and by gas chromatography coupled to high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry with targeted analysis for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and broad-spectrum non-target analysis. The AhR agonist levels in the dissolved fractions in the roadside samples were between 15 and 387 pg/L CALUX toxic equivalents (TEQ(CALUX)). An elevated AhR activity of 221 pg TEQ(CALUX) per litre was detected in the mountain sample. In the particle-bound fractions, the TEQ(CALUX) was between 1,350 and 7,390 pg/L. One possible explanation for the elevated levels in the dissolved fraction of the mountain sample could be the presence of black carbon in the roadside samples, potentially adsorbing dioxin-like compounds and rendering them unavailable for AhR interaction. No polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans or polychlorinated biphenyls were detected in the samples; the occurrence of PAHs, however, explained up to 9 % of the AhR agonist activity in the samples, whilst comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry GCxGC-ToF-Ms identified PAH derivatives such as polycyclic aromatic ketones and alkylated, nitrogen sulphur and oxygen PAHs in the particle fractions. The (large) discrepancy between the total and explained activity highlights the fact that there are other as yet unidentified AhR agonists present in the environment.
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