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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Best, Laura M., et al.
(författare)
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Lower brain fatty acid amide hydrolase in treatment-seeking patients with alcohol use disorder: a positron emission tomography study with [C-11]CURB
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neuropsychopharmacology. - : SPRINGERNATURE. - 0893-133X .- 1740-634X. ; 45:8, s. 1289-1296
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The endocannabinoid enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), has been proposed as a therapeutic target for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and co-morbid psychiatric illnesses. Investigating this target in the living human brain and its relationship to clinical outcome is a critical step of informed drug development. Our objective was to establish whether brain FAAH levels are low in individuals with AUD and related to drinking behavior. In this pilot study, treatment-seeking patients with AUD completed two PET scans with the FAAH radiotracer [C-11]CURB after 3-7 days (n = 14) and 2-4 weeks (n = 9) of monitored abstinence. Healthy controls (n = 25) completed one scan. FAAH genetic polymorphism (rs324420) and blood concentrations of anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines metabolized by FAAH were determined and AUD symptoms assessed. In AUD, brain FAAH levels were globally lower than controls during early abstinence (F(1,36) = 5.447; p = 0.025)) and FAAH substrates (anandamide, oleoylethanolamide, and N-docosahexaenoylethanolamide) were significantly elevated (30-67%). No significant differences in FAAH or FAAH substrates were noted after 2-4 weeks abstinence. FAAH levels negatively correlated with drinks per week (r = -0.57, p = 0.032) and plasma concentrations of the three FAAH substrates (r > 0.57; p < 0.04)). Our findings suggest that early abstinence from alcohol in AUD is associated with transiently low brain FAAH levels, which are inversely related to heavier alcohol use and elevated plasma levels of FAAH substrates. Whether low FAAH is an adaptive beneficial response to chronic alcohol is unknown. Therapeutic strategies focusing on FAAH inhibition should consider the possibility that low FAAH during early abstinence may be related to drinking.
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| 7. |
- Feng, Zhenhua, et al.
(författare)
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Multicore-Fiber-Enabled WSDM Optical Access Network With Centralized Carrier Delivery and RSOA-Based Adaptive Modulation
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 1943-0655. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We proposed and experimentally demonstrated a wavelength-space division multiplexing (WSDM) optical access network architecture with centralized optical carrier delivery utilizing multicore fibers (MCFs) and adaptive modulation based on reflective semiconductor amplifier (RSOA). In our experiment, five of the outer cores are used for undirectional downstream (DS) transmission only, whereas the remaining outer core is utilized as a dedicated channel to transmit upstream (US) signals. Optical carriers for US are delivered from the optical line terminal (OLT) to the optical network unit (ONU) via the inner core and then transmitted back to the OLT after amplification and modulation by the RSOA in the colorless ONU side. The mobile backhaul (MB) service is also supported by the inner core. Wavelengths used in US transmission should be different from that of the MB in order to avoid the Rayleigh backscattering effect in bidirectional transmission. With quadrature phase-shift keying-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (QPSK-OFDM) modulation format, the aggregation DS capacity reaches 250 Gb/s using five outer cores and ten wavelengths, and it can be further scaled to 1 Tb/s using 20 wavelengths modulated with 16 QAM-OFDM. For US transmission, 2.5 Gb/s QPSK-OFDM transmission can be achieved just using a low-bandwidth RSOA, and adaptive modulation is applied to the RSOA to further enhance the US data rate to 3.12 Gb/s. As an emulation of high-speed MB transmission, 48 Gb/s inphase and quadrature (IQ) modulated popularization division multiplexing (PDM)-QPSK signal is transmitted in the inner core of MCF and coherently detected in the OLT side. Both DS and US optical signals exhibit acceptable performance with sufficient power budget.
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| 9. |
- Kato, Norihiro, et al.
(författare)
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Trans-ancestry genome-wide association study identifies 12 genetic loci influencing blood pressure and implicates a role for DNA methylation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 47:11, s. 1282-1293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We carried out a trans-ancestry genome-wide association and replication study of blood pressure phenotypes among up to 320,251 individuals of East Asian, European and South Asian ancestry. We find genetic variants at 12 new loci to be associated with blood pressure (P = 3.9 × 10−11 to 5.0 × 10−21). The sentinel blood pressure SNPs are enriched for association with DNA methylation at multiple nearby CpG sites, suggesting that, at some of the loci identified, DNA methylation may lie on the regulatory pathway linking sequence variation to blood pressure. The sentinel SNPs at the 12 new loci point to genes involved in vascular smooth muscle (IGFBP3, KCNK3, PDE3A and PRDM6) and renal (ARHGAP24, OSR1, SLC22A7 and TBX2) function. The new and known genetic variants predict increased left ventricular mass, circulating levels of NT-proBNP, and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality (P = 0.04 to 8.6 × 10−6). Our results provide new evidence for the role of DNA methylation in blood pressure regulation.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Lin, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time 100 Gbps/lambda/core NRZ and EDB IM/DD Transmission over 10 km Multicore Fiber
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition (OFC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781943580385 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A BiCMOS chip-based real-time IM/DD spatial division multiplexing system is experimentally demonstrated for short-reach communications. 100 Gbps/λ/core NRZ and EDB transmission is achieved below 7%-overhead HD-FEC limit after 10km 7-core fiber with optical dispersion compensation.
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| 12. |
- Lin, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Real-time 100 Gbps/λ/core NRZ and EDB IM/DD transmission over multicore fiber for intra-datacenter communication networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optics Express. - : OSA - The Optical Society. - 1094-4087. ; 26:8, s. 10519-10526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A BiCMOS chip-based real-time intensity modulation/direct detection spatial division multiplexing system is experimentally demonstrated for both optical interconnects. 100 Gbps/λ/core electrical duobinary (EDB) transmission over 1 km 7-core multicore fiber (MCF) is carried out, achieving KP4 forward error correction (FEC) limit (BER < 2E-4). Using optical dispersion compensation, 7 × 100 Gbps/λ/core transmission of both non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and EDB signals over 10 km MCF transmission is achieved with BER lower than 7% overhead hard-decision FEC limit (BER < 3.8E-3). The integrated low complexity transceiver IC and analog signal processing approach make such a system highly attractive for the high-speed intra-datacenter interconnects..
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| 13. |
- Lin, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Spatial division multiplexing for optical data center networks
- 2018
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Ingår i: 22ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL NETWORK DESIGN AND MODELING (ONDM 2018). - : IEEE. ; , s. 239-241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Emerging mobile and cloud applications drive ever-increasing capacity demands, particularly for short-reach optical communications, where low-cost and low-power solutions are highly required. Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) techniques provide a promising way to scale up the lane count per fiber, while reducing the number of fiber connections and patch cords, and hence simplifying cabling complexity. This talk will address challenges on both system and network levels, and report our recent development on SDM techniques for optical data center networks.
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| 14. |
- Mahajan, Anubha, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-ancestry genetic study of type 2 diabetes highlights the power of diverse populations for discovery and translation
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 54:5, s. 560-572
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assembled an ancestrally diverse collection of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in 180,834 affected individuals and 1,159,055 controls (48.9% non-European descent) through the Diabetes Meta-Analysis of Trans-Ethnic association studies (DIAMANTE) Consortium. Multi-ancestry GWAS meta-analysis identified 237 loci attaining stringent genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-9)), which were delineated to 338 distinct association signals. Fine-mapping of these signals was enhanced by the increased sample size and expanded population diversity of the multi-ancestry meta-analysis, which localized 54.4% of T2D associations to a single variant with >50% posterior probability. This improved fine-mapping enabled systematic assessment of candidate causal genes and molecular mechanisms through which T2D associations are mediated, laying the foundations for functional investigations. Multi-ancestry genetic risk scores enhanced transferability of T2D prediction across diverse populations. Our study provides a step toward more effective clinical translation of T2D GWAS to improve global health for all, irrespective of genetic background. Genome-wide association and fine-mapping analyses in ancestrally diverse populations implicate candidate causal genes and mechanisms underlying type 2 diabetes. Trans-ancestry genetic risk scores enhance transferability across populations.
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| 15. |
- Ozolins, Oskars, et al.
(författare)
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112 Gbps/λ PAM4 inter-DCI with continuous-fiber Bragg grating based dispersion compensators
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Photonics 2018 (BGPP, IPR, NP, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, SOF) OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2018), paper NeTh3F.3. - : OSA - The Optical Society. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate 56 Gbaud/λ PAM4 inter - data center interconnects over 81 km single core single mode fiber and 33.6 km 7-core single mode fiber with continuous-fiber Bragg grating based chromatic dispersion compensators covering C-band.
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| 16. |
- Pang, Xiaodan, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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7×100 Gbps PAM-4 Transmission over 1-km and 10-km Single Mode 7-core Fiber using 1.5-μm SM-VCSEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: Optical Fiber Communication Conference OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2018), paper M1I.4. - : Optical Society of America. - 9781943580385
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 100 Gbps/λ/core PAM-4 transmission is successfully demonstrated over 1-km and 10-km single mode 7-core fiber links, enabled by directly modulated 1.5-μm single mode VCSEL of 23 GHz modulation bandwidth with pre- and post- digital equalizations.
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| 17. |
- Pang, Xiaodan, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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7x100 Gbps PAM-4 Transmission over 1-km and 10-km Single Mode 7-core Fiber using 1.5-mu m SM-VCSEL
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION (OFC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781943580385
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- 100 Gbps/lambda/core PAM-4 transmission is successfully demonstrated over 1-km and 10km single mode 7-core fiber links, enabled by directly modulated 1.5-mu m single mode VCSEL of 23 GHz modulation bandwidth with pre-and post-digital equalizations.
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| 18. |
- Pang, Xiaodan, Dr., et al.
(författare)
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High-speed SDM interconnects with directly-modulated 1.5-μm VCSEL enabled by low-complexity signal processing techniques
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Photonics 2018 (BGPP, IPR, NP, NOMA, Sensors, Networks, SPPCom, SOF) OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2018), paper SpTh2G.4. - : OSA - The Optical Society. - 9781557528209
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on our recent work in supporting up to 100 Gbps/λ/core transmissions with a directly modulated 1.5-μm single mode VCSEL and multicore fiber, enabled by low-compleixty pre- and post- digital equalizations.
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| 19. |
- Reitsma, Marissa B., et al.
(författare)
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Smoking prevalence and attributable disease burden in 195 countries and territories, 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- 2017
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 389:10082, s. 1885-1906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The scale-up of tobacco control, especially after the adoption of the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control, is a major public health success story. Nonetheless, smoking remains a leading risk for early death and disability worldwide, and therefore continues to require sustained political commitment. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) offers a robust platform through which global, regional, and national progress toward achieving smoking-related targets can be assessed. Methods We synthesised 2818 data sources with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and produced estimates of daily smoking prevalence by sex, age group, and year for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We analysed 38 risk-outcome pairs to generate estimates of smoking-attributable mortality and disease burden, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). We then performed a cohort analysis of smoking prevalence by birth-year cohort to better understand temporal age patterns in smoking. We also did a decomposition analysis, in which we parsed out changes in all-cause smoking-attributable DALYs due to changes in population growth, population ageing, smoking prevalence, and risk-deleted DALY rates. Finally, we explored results by level of development using the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Worldwide, the age-standardised prevalence of daily smoking was 25.0% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24.2-25.7) for men and 5.4% (5.1-5.7) for women, representing 28.4% (25.8-31.1) and 34.4% (29.4-38.6) reductions, respectively, since 1990. A greater percentage of countries and territories achieved significant annualised rates of decline in smoking prevalence from 1990 to 2005 than in between 2005 and 2015; however, only four countries had significant annualised increases in smoking prevalence between 2005 and 2015 (Congo [Brazzaville] and Azerbaijan for men and Kuwait and Timor-Leste for women). In 2015, 11.5% of global deaths (6.4 million [95% UI 5.7-7.0 million]) were attributable to smoking worldwide, of which 52.2% took place in four countries (China, India, the USA, and Russia). Smoking was ranked among the five leading risk factors by DALYs in 109 countries and territories in 2015, rising from 88 geographies in 1990. In terms of birth cohorts, male smoking prevalence followed similar age patterns across levels of SDI, whereas much more heterogeneity was found in age patterns for female smokers by level of development. While smoking prevalence and risk-deleted DALY rates mostly decreased by sex and SDI quintile, population growth, population ageing, or a combination of both, drove rises in overall smoking-attributable DALYs in low-SDI to middle-SDI geographies between 2005 and 2015. Interpretation The pace of progress in reducing smoking prevalence has been heterogeneous across geographies, development status, and sex, and as highlighted by more recent trends, maintaining past rates of decline should not be taken for granted, especially in women and in low-SDI to middle-SDI countries. Beyond the effect of the tobacco industry and societal mores, a crucial challenge facing tobacco control initiatives is that demographic forces are poised to heighten smoking's global toll, unless progress in preventing initiation and promoting cessation can be substantially accelerated. Greater success in tobacco control is possible but requires effective, comprehensive, and adequately implemented and enforced policies, which might in turn require global and national levels of political commitment beyond what has been achieved during the past 25 years.
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| 20. |
- Udalcovs, Aleksejs, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-Core Crosstalk in Multicore Fibers: Impact on56−Gbaud/λ /Core PAM-4 Transmission
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate the impact of inter-core crosstalk in multicore fibers on 56-Gbaud PAM-4 signal quality after 2.5-km transmission over a weakly-coupled and uncoupled seven-core fibers, revealing the crosstalk dependence on carrier central wavelength in range of 1540-1560 nm.
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| 21. |
- Udalcovs, Aleksejs, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Coherent Detection in SDM-based Optical Access Networks
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To tackle the continued increase in capacity demand in optical access, self-homodyne coherent detection (SHCD) is being considered as a candidate solution, utilizing a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) in a low-crosstalk multicore fiber (MCF) [1, 2] and high-order modulation formats such as quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), 16-levels quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM) or even 64-levels QAM (64-QAM) . The latest imposes strict requirements on both the performance of digital signal processing (DSP) and the spectral purity of the free running lasers [4–6]. Although a SHCD scheme relaxes the laser linewidth requirements, eliminates the need for a carrier frequency tracking, the necessity for a carrier phase estimation remains if high-order constellations are considered. The reasons for that are (1) residual phase noise in a system and (2) a closer location of the constellation points in the complex plane, which leads to a significantly lower phase noise tolerance as compared to QPSK or even 16-QAM signals . Therefore, it is of crucial importance to propose a low-complexity (and low-latency) phase estimation algorithms for these scenarios as well, especially because traditional algorithms cannot be directly employed for 64QAM. During this presentation,first, we overview our recent activities on designing and experimental validation of a high-performance and a low-complexity DSP block, focusing on carrier phase recovery (CPR) suitable for circular and square m-QAM constellations. For more information about the efficient CPR schemes for m-QAM, we recommend theOFC2017 and ACP2017 proceedings.Second, after the efficient CPR scheme is explained, we provide an insight into a solution of SDM-based optical access network where self-homodyne coherent detection (SHCD) scheme with our novel low-complexity CPR is implemented for a 28-Gbaud 16-QAM and 64- QAM transmission in downstream links with a goal to improve their spectral efficiency and to increase a phase-noise tolerance, which paves the way towards higher cost-efficiency. The proposed architecture together with the experimental demonstration is given inCLEO2018 conference proceedings
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| 22. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Digital Radio-Over-Multicore-Fiber System with Self-Homodyne Coherent Detection and Entropy Coding for Mobile Fronthaul
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate a 28-Gbaud 16-QAM self-homodyne digital radio-over-33.6km-7-core-fiber system with entropy coding for mobile fronthaul, achieving error-free carrier aggregation of 330 100-MHz 4096-QAM 5G-new-radio channels and 921 100-MHz QPSK 5G-new-radio channels with CPRI-equivalent data rate up to 3.73-Tbit/s.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Nonlinearity Tolerant High-speed DMT Transmission with 1.5-μm Single-mode VCSEL and Multi-core Fibers for Optical Interconnects
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:2, s. 380-388
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We experimentally demonstrate the generation of 107-Gbit/s net-rate optical discrete multitone (DMT) signal using a 1.5-μm single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with modulation bandwidth of 22-GHz. Utilizing a nonlinearity-tolerant channel equalization algorithm for digital signal processing (DSP), total net-rates of 726.6-Gbit/s over 2.5-km dispersion-uncompensated 7-core fiber and 533.1-Gbit/s over 10-km dispersion-compensated 7-core fiber below 7% overhead hard-decision forward error correction (HD-FEC) limit have been experimentally achieved with a 1.5-μm VCSEL based intensity-modulation direct-detection (IM/DD) system. The features of the 1.5-μm single-mode VCSEL, 2.5-km/10km multi-core fibers and fan-in/fan-out modules are presented. Besides, the Volterra series based nonlinearity-tolerant channel equalization algorithm, which improves the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with more than 5-dB, is mathematically described and experimentally validated. The results have demonstrated that 1.5-μm single-mode VCSEL and multi-core fiber based transmission can be a promising candidate to solve the capacity challenges in short-reach optical interconnects.
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| 25. |
- Zhang, Lu, et al.
(författare)
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Toward terabit digital radio over fiber systems : Architecture and key technologies
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Communications Magazine. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0163-6804 .- 1558-1896. ; 57:4, s. 131-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To support massive deployment of broadband radio applications, such as 5G and high-definition videos for terrestrial televisions, large system capacity and high spectrum efficiency are highly demanded in radio over fiber (RoF) systems. In this article, we propose a terabit digital RoF system capable of providing high-speed transmission, where multicore fiber (MCF) is introduced for the access segment between the central unit and remote unit. Two key technologies that greatly enhance system capacity and spectrum efficiency, namely MCF enabled self-homodyne detection and compressed quantization, are demonstrated.
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| 26. |
- Aad, G., et al.
(författare)
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- 2012
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swepub:Mat__t (refereegranskat)
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| 27. |
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| 30. |
- Barausse, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Prospects for fundamental physics with LISA
- 2020
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Ingår i: General Relativity and Gravitation. - : SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS. - 0001-7701 .- 1572-9532. ; 52:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper, which is of programmatic rather than quantitative nature, we aim to further delineate and sharpen the future potential of the LISA mission in the area of fundamental physics. Given the very broad range of topics that might be relevant to LISA,we present here a sample of what we view as particularly promising fundamental physics directions. We organize these directions through a "science-first" approach that allows us to classify how LISA data can inform theoretical physics in a variety of areas. For each of these theoretical physics classes, we identify the sources that are currently expected to provide the principal contribution to our knowledge, and the areas that need further development. The classification presented here should not be thought of as cast in stone, but rather as a fluid framework that is amenable to change with the flow of new insights in theoretical physics.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Bu, Junling, et al.
(författare)
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Catalytic promiscuity of O-methyltransferases from Corydalis yanhusuo leading to the structural diversity of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids
- 2022
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Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2662-6810 .- 2052-7276. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O-methyltransferases play essential roles in producing structural diversity and improving the biological properties of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) in plants. In this study, Corydalis yanhusuo, a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine due to the analgesic effects of its BIA-active compounds, was employed to analyze the catalytic characteristics of O-methyltransferases in the formation of BIA diversity. Seven genes encoding O-methyltransferases were cloned, and functionally characterized using seven potential BIA substrates. Specifically, an O-methyltransferase (CyOMT2) with highly efficient catalytic activity of both 4′- and 6-O-methylations of 1-BIAs was found. CyOMT6 was found to perform two sequential methylations at both 9- and 2-positions of the essential intermediate of tetrahydroprotoberberines, (S)-scoulerine. Two O-methyltransferases (CyOMT5 and CyOMT7) with wide substrate promiscuity were found, with the 2-position of tetrahydroprotoberberines as the preferential catalytic site for CyOMT5 (named scoulerine 2-O-methyltransferase) and the 6-position of 1-BIAs as the preferential site for CyOMT7. In addition, results of integrated phylogenetic molecular docking analysis and site-directed mutation suggested that residues at sites 172, 306, 313, and 314 in CyOMT5 are important for enzyme promiscuity related to O-methylations at the 6- and 7-positions of isoquinoline. Cys at site 253 in CyOMT2 was proved to promote the methylation activity of the 6-position and to expand substrate scopes. This work provides insight into O-methyltransferases in producing BIA diversity in C. yanhusuo and genetic elements for producing BIAs by metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
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| 33. |
- Dai, Qile, et al.
(författare)
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OTTERS: a powerful TWAS framework leveraging summary-level reference data
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most existing TWAS tools require individual-level eQTL reference data and thus are not applicable to summary-level reference eQTL datasets. The development of TWAS methods that can harness summary-level reference data is valuable to enable TWAS in broader settings and enhance power due to increased reference sample size. Thus, we develop a TWAS framework called OTTERS (Omnibus Transcriptome Test using Expression Reference Summary data) that adapts multiple polygenic risk score (PRS) methods to estimate eQTL weights from summary-level eQTL reference data and conducts an omnibus TWAS. We show that OTTERS is a practical and powerful TWAS tool by both simulations and application studies.
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| 34. |
- Demanelis, Kathryn, et al.
(författare)
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Association of Arsenic Exposure with Whole Blood DNA Methylation : An Epigenome-Wide Study of Bangladeshi Adults
- 2019
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 127:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Arsenic exposure affects [Formula: see text] people worldwide, including [Formula: see text] in Bangladesh. Arsenic exposure increases the risk of cancer and other chronic diseases, and one potential mechanism of arsenic toxicity is epigenetic dysregulation. OBJECTIVE: We assessed associations between arsenic exposure and genome-wide DNA methylation measured at baseline among 396 Bangladeshi adults participating in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS) who were exposed by drinking naturally contaminated well water. METHODS: Methylation in whole blood DNA was measured at [Formula: see text] using the Illumina InfiniumMethylationEPIC (EPIC) array. To assess associations between arsenic exposure and CpG methylation, we used linear regression models adjusted for covariates and surrogate variables (SVs) (capturing unknown technical and biologic factors). We attempted replication and conducted a meta-analysis using an independent dataset of [Formula: see text] from 400 Bangladeshi individuals with arsenical skin lesions. RESULTS: We identified 34 CpGs associated with [Formula: see text] creatinine-adjusted urinary arsenic [[Formula: see text]]. Sixteen of these CpGs annotated to the [Formula: see text] array, and 10 associations were replicated ([Formula: see text]). The top two CpGs annotated upstream of the ABR gene (cg01912040, cg10003262 ). All urinary arsenic-associated CpGs were also associated with arsenic concentration measured in drinking water ([Formula: see text]). Meta-analysis ([Formula: see text] samples) identified 221 urinary arsenic-associated CpGs ([Formula: see text]). The arsenic-associated CpGs from the meta-analysis were enriched in non-CpG islands and shores ([Formula: see text]) and depleted in promoter regions ([Formula: see text]). Among the arsenic-associated CpGs ([Formula: see text]), we observed significant enrichment of genes annotating to the reactive oxygen species pathway, inflammatory response, and tumor necrosis factor [Formula: see text] ([Formula: see text]) signaling via nuclear factor kappa-B ([Formula: see text]) hallmarks ([Formula: see text]). CONCLUSIONS: The novel and replicable associations between arsenic exposure and DNA methylation at specific CpGs observed in this work suggest that epigenetic alterations should be further investigated as potential mediators in arsenic toxicity and as biomarkers of exposure and effect in exposed populations. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3849.
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| 35. |
- Fang, Evandro F., et al.
(författare)
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A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ageing Research Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 1568-1637. ; 64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the key issues facing public healthcare is the global trend of an increasingly ageing society which continues to present policy makers and caregivers with formidable healthcare and socio-economic challenges. Ageing is the primary contributor to a broad spectrum of chronic disorders all associated with a lower quality of life in the elderly. In 2019, the Chinese population constituted 18 % of the world population, with 164.5 million Chinese citizens aged 65 and above (65+), and 26 million aged 80 or above (80+). China has become an ageing society, and as it continues to age it will continue to exacerbate the burden borne by current family and public healthcare systems. Major healthcare challenges involved with caring for the elderly in China include the management of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs), physical frailty, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, with emerging challenges such as providing sufficient dental care, combating the rising prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among nursing home communities, providing support for increased incidences of immune diseases, and the growing necessity to provide palliative care for the elderly. At the governmental level, it is necessary to make long-term strategic plans to respond to the pressures of an ageing society, especially to establish a nationwide, affordable, annual health check system to facilitate early diagnosis and provide access to affordable treatments. China has begun work on several activities to address these issues including the recent completion of the of the Ten-year Health-Care Reform project, the implementation of the Healthy China 2030 Action Plan, and the opening of the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders. There are also societal challenges, namely the shift from an extended family system in which the younger provide home care for their elderly family members, to the current trend in which young people are increasingly migrating towards major cities for work, increasing reliance on nursing homes to compensate, especially following the outcomes of the ‘one child policy’ and the ‘empty-nest elderly’ phenomenon. At the individual level, it is important to provide avenues for people to seek and improve their own knowledge of health and disease, to encourage them to seek medical check-ups to prevent/manage illness, and to find ways to promote modifiable health-related behaviors (social activity, exercise, healthy diets, reasonable diet supplements) to enable healthier, happier, longer, and more productive lives in the elderly. Finally, at the technological or treatment level, there is a focus on modern technologies to counteract the negative effects of ageing. Researchers are striving to produce drugs that can mimic the effects of ‘exercising more, eating less’, while other anti-ageing molecules from molecular gerontologists could help to improve ‘healthspan’ in the elderly. Machine learning, ‘Big Data’, and other novel technologies can also be used to monitor disease patterns at the population level and may be used to inform policy design in the future. Collectively, synergies across disciplines on policies, geriatric care, drug development, personal awareness, the use of big data, machine learning and personalized medicine will transform China into a country that enables the most for its elderly, maximizing and celebrating their longevity in the coming decades. This is the 2nd edition of the review paper (Fang EF et al., Ageing Re. Rev. 2015).
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| 36. |
- Feng, Z., et al.
(författare)
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Terabit WSDM optical access network using multicore fibers and advanced modulation formats
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We proposed a hybrid wavelength-space division multiplexing (WSDM) optical access network architecture utilizing multicore fibers (MCFs) with advanced modulation formats. As a proof of concept, we experimentally demonstrated a WSDM optical access network with duplex transmission using our developed and fabricated multicore (7-core) fibers and fan-in/fan-out device with 58.7km distance. With QPSK-OFDM modulation format, the aggregation downstream (DS) capacity reaches 250 Gb/s using 5 outer cores and it can be further scaled to 1Tb/s using 16QAM-OFDM. For upstream (US) transmission, wavelengths seeded from DS using the inner core are modulated with DMT signal adapted with the channel conditions and then transmitted back to the OLT through the 6th outer core. As an emulation of high speed mobile backhaul (MB) transmission, IQ modulated PDM-QPSK signal with 48Gb/s per wavelength is transmitted in the inner core of MCF and coherently detected in the OLT side. Both DS and US optical signal exhibit acceptable performance with sufficient power budget.
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| 37. |
- Ge, ShuCan, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristic analysis of layered PMSEs measured with different elevation angles at VHF based on an experimental case
- 2021
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Physics. - : Earth and Planetary Physics. - 2096-3955. ; 5:1, s. 42-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes (PMSEs) are very strong radar echoes observed at altitudes near the polar summer mesopause. One of the essential properties of these radar echoes is that they can give useful diagnostic information about the physics of the scattering process. In this paper, the related characteristics of PMSEs measured with the European Incoherent SCATter Very High Frequency (EISCAT VHF) 224 MHz radar on 13-15 July 2010 are studied at different elevation angles from 78 degrees to 90 degrees. It is found that the PMSEs peak power and strongest PMSEs average power occur at the same elevation angles. Also interesting is that the strongest PMSEs occur at off-vertical angles when a PMSEs has a layered (multilayer) structure. And reflection may have more significant effects on PMSEs when there are double or multilayer PMSEs. Possible explanations regarding these observations are discussed.
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| 38. |
- Ge, ShuCan, et al.
(författare)
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On the radar frequency dependence of polar mesosphere summer echoes
- 2020
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Physics. - : Earth and Planetary Physics. - 2096-3955. ; 4:6, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSEs) are very strong radar echoes in the polar mesopause in local summer. Here we present the frequency dependence of the volume reflectivity and the effect of energetic particle precipitation on modulated PMSEs by using PMSEs observations carried out by European Incoherent SCATter (EISCAT) heating equipment simultaneously with very high frequency (VHF) radar and ultra high frequency (UHF) radar on 12 July 2007. According to the experimental observations, the PMSEs occurrence rate at VHF was much higher than that at UHF, and the altitude of the PMSEs maximum observed at VHF was higher than that at UHF. Overlapping regions were observed by VHF radar between high energetic particle precipitation and the PMSEs. In addition, high-frequency heating had a very limited impact on PMSEs when the UHF electron density was enhanced because of energetic particle precipitation. In addition, an updated qualitative method was used to study the relationship between volume reflectivity and frequency. The volume reflectivity was found to be inversely proportional to the fourth power of radar frequency. The theoretical and experimental results provide a definitive data foundation for further analysis and investigation of the physical mechanism of PMSEs.
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| 39. |
- Gong, Tong, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic architecture of dog ownership : large-scale genome-wide association study in 97,552 European-ancestry individuals.
- 2024
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Ingår i: G3. - 2160-1836.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dog ownership has been associated with several complex traits and there is evidence of genetic influence. We performed a genome-wide association study of dog ownership through meta-analysis of 31,566 Swedish twins in five discovery cohorts and additional 65,986 European-ancestry individuals in three replication cohorts from Sweden, Norway, and the UK. Association test with >7.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms were meta-analyzed using a fixed effect model after controlling for population structure and relatedness. We identified two suggestive loci using discovery cohorts, which did not reach genome-wide significance after meta-analysis with replication cohorts. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms-based heritability of dog ownership using linkage disequilibrium score regression was estimated at 0.123 (CI 0.038-0.207) using the discovery cohorts and 0.018 (CI -0.002, 0.039) when adding in replication cohorts. Negative genetic correlation with complex traits including type 2 diabetes, depression, neuroticism and asthma was only found using discovery summary data. Furthermore, we did not identify any genes/gene-sets reaching even suggestive level of significance. This genome-wide association study does not, by itself, provide clear evidence on common genetic variants that influence the dog ownership among European-ancestry individuals.
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| 40. |
- Hoffmann, Thomas J, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen levels in 392,522 men identifies new loci and improves cross-ancestry prediction
- 2023
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in 296,754 men (211,342 European ancestry; 58,236 African ancestry; 23,546 Hispanic/Latino; 3,630 Asian ancestry; 96.5% of participants were from the Million Veteran Program). We identified 318 independent genome-wide significant (p≤5e-8) variants, 184 of which were novel. Most demonstrated evidence of replication in an independent cohort (n=95,768). Meta-analyzing discovery and replication (n=392,522) identified 447 variants, of which a further 111 were novel. Out-of-sample variance in PSA explained by our new polygenic risk score reached 16.9% (95% CI=16.1%-17.8%) in European ancestry, 9.5% (95% CI=7.0%-12.2%) in African ancestry, 18.6% (95% CI=15.8%-21.4%) in Hispanic/Latino, and 15.3% (95% CI=12.7%-18.1%) in Asian ancestry, and lower for higher age. Our study highlights how including proportionally more participants from underrepresented populations improves genetic prediction of PSA levels, with potential to personalize prostate cancer screening.
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| 41. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
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| 42. |
- Kerrebrouck, Joris Van, et al.
(författare)
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726.7-Gb/s 1.5-μm single-mode VCSEL discrete multi-tone transmission over 2.5-km multicore fiber
- 2018
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Ingår i: 2018 Optical Fiber Communications Conference and Exposition, OFC 2018 - Proceedings. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 9781943580385 ; , s. 1-3
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 107Gb/s net-rate DMT optical signal was generated using a single-mode long-wavelength VCSEL with a modulation bandwidth of 23 GHz. We experimentally demonstrated a total net-rate up to 726.7Gb/s at 1.5μm over 2.5km 7-core dispersion-uncompensated MCF.
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| 43. |
- Kerrebrouck, Joris Van, et al.
(författare)
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High-speed PAM4-based Optical SDM Interconnects with Directly Modulated Long-wavelength VCSEL
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Lightwave Technology. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 0733-8724 .- 1558-2213. ; 37:2, s. 356-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the demonstration of high-speed PAM-4 transmission using a 1.5-μm single-mode vertical cavity surface emitting laser (SM-VCSEL) over multicore fiber with 7 cores over different distances. We have successfully generated up to 70 Gbaud 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) signals with a VCSEL in optical back-to-back, and transmitted 50 Gbaud PAM-4 signals over both 1-km dispersion-uncompensated and 10-km dispersion-compensated in each core, enabling a total data throughput of 700 Gbps over the 7-core fiber. Moreover, 56 Gbaud PAM-4 over 1-km has also been shown, whereby unfortunately not all cores provide the required 3.8 × 10$^-3$bit error rate (BER) for the 7% overhead-hard decision forward error correction (7% OH HDFEC). The limited bandwidth of the VCSEL and the adverse chromatic dispersion of the fiber are suppressed with pre-equalization based on accurate end-to-end channel characterizations. With a digital post-equalization, BER performance below the 7% OH-HDFEC limit is achieved over all cores. The demonstrated results show a great potential to realize high-capacity and compact short-reach optical interconnects for data centers.
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| 44. |
- Khatri, C, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes after perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with proximal femoral fractures: an international cohort study
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMJ open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 11:11, s. e050830-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studies have demonstrated high rates of mortality in people with proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, but there is limited published data on the factors that influence mortality for clinicians to make informed treatment decisions. This study aims to report the 30-day mortality associated with perioperative infection of patients undergoing surgery for proximal femoral fractures and to examine the factors that influence mortality in a multivariate analysis.SettingProspective, international, multicentre, observational cohort study.ParticipantsPatients undergoing any operation for a proximal femoral fracture from 1 February to 30 April 2020 and with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection (either 7 days prior or 30-day postoperative).Primary outcome30-day mortality. Multivariate modelling was performed to identify factors associated with 30-day mortality.ResultsThis study reports included 1063 patients from 174 hospitals in 19 countries. Overall 30-day mortality was 29.4% (313/1063). In an adjusted model, 30-day mortality was associated with male gender (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.68 to 3.13, p<0.001), age >80 years (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.31, p=0.013), preoperative diagnosis of dementia (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.16, p=0.005), kidney disease (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.55, p=0.005) and congestive heart failure (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.48, p=0.025). Mortality at 30 days was lower in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.6 (0.42 to 0.85), p=0.004). There was no difference in mortality in patients with an increase to delay in surgery (p=0.220) or type of anaesthetic given (p=0.787).ConclusionsPatients undergoing surgery for a proximal femoral fracture with a perioperative infection of SARS-CoV-2 have a high rate of mortality. This study would support the need for providing these patients with individualised medical and anaesthetic care, including medical optimisation before theatre. Careful preoperative counselling is needed for those with a proximal femoral fracture and SARS-CoV-2, especially those in the highest risk groups.Trial registration numberNCT04323644
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| 45. |
- Li, Fusheng, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilization of a molecular catalyst on carbon nanotubes for highly efficient electro-catalytic water oxidation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Chemical Communications. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1359-7345 .- 1364-548X. ; 50:90, s. 13948-13951
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemically driven water oxidation has been performed using a molecular water oxidation catalyst immobilized on hybrid carbon nanotubes and nano-material electrodes. A high turnover frequency (TOF) of 7.6 s(-1) together with a high catalytic current density of 2.2 mA cm(-2) was successfully obtained at an overpotential of 480 mV after 1 h of bulk electrolysis.
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| 46. |
- Lin, De-Chen, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptor protein Lnk binds to and inhibits normal and leukemic FLT3
- 2012
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Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 120:16, s. 3310-3317
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a receptor tyrosine kinase with important roles in hematopoietic progenitor cell survival and proliferation. It is mutated in approximately one-third of AML patients, mostly by internal tandem duplications (ITDs). Adaptor protein Lnk is a negative regulator of hematopoietic cytokine signaling. In the present study, we show that Lnk interacts physically with both wildtype FLT3 (FLT3-WT) and FLT3-ITD through the SH2 domains. We have identified the tyrosine residues 572, 591, and 919 of FLT3 as phosphorylation sites involved in direct binding to Lnk. Lnk itself was tyrosine phosphorylated by both FLT3 ligand (FL)-activated FLT3-WT and constitutively activated FLT3-ITD. Both shRNA-mediated depletion and forced overexpression of Lnk demonstrated that activation signals emanating from both forms of FLT3 are under negative regulation by Lnk. Moreover, Lnk inhibited 32D cell proliferation driven by different FLT3 variants. Analysis of primary BM cells from Lnk-knockout mice showed that Lnk suppresses the expansion of FL-stimulated hematopoietic progenitors, including lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitors. The results of the present study show that through direct binding to FLT3, Lnk suppresses FLT3-WT/ITD-dependent signaling pathways involved in the proliferation of hematopoietic cells. Therefore, modulation of Lnk expression levels may provide a unique therapeutic approach for FLT3-ITD-associated hematopoietic disease. (Blood. 2012;120(16):3310-3317)
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Lin, Yu Jung, et al.
(författare)
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Novel materials for Cr(VI)adsorption by magnetic titanium nanotubes coated phosphorene
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Liquids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7322. ; 287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The accumulation of Cr(VI)will cause mutagenic and carcinogenic effects on humans. Therefore, the standard regulations have been governed by the EPA to control the chromium content in the effluent and drinking water and have made it mandatory [1]. For the better recovery of the adsorbent; Magnetic nano particle based phosphorene titanium nano tubes were used for the first time in action which has been proven to be superior for the Chormium pollutants. MNP-PN-TNT (Magnetic nanoparticle-Phosphorene-Titanium nano tubes)was synthesized from hydrothermal method in this study. The prepared material is used for effective removal of Cr(VI)from the water by adsorption technique in acidic environment. The adsorption capacity was found to be 35 mg g −1 at the initial concentration of 50 mg L −1 maintainingthe temperature under 45 °C. The optimal operation condition is under pH 9, temperature of 25 °C, and dosage of 0.8 g L −1 obtained from RSM (Response Surface Methdology). The adsorption process of MNP-PN-TNT is conformed with a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Cr(VI)adsorption behavior with MNP-PN-TNT, is spontaneous from the results of thermodynamics analysis. The adsorption mechanism of Cr(VI)with MNP-PN-TNT was evident by O1s, C1s, Cr 2p, Ti 2p, Fe 2p and P 2p of XPS. Cr(VI)is adsorbed with MNP-PN-TNT, in randomness during the adsorption process.
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