| 1. |
- Tong, Chuan, et al.
(författare)
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Annual CO2 and CH4 fluxes in coastal earthen ponds with Litopenaeus vannamei in southeastern China
- 2021
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : ELSEVIER. - 0044-8486 .- 1873-5622. ; 545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-scale aquaculture operation is being increasing practised around the world, particularly in the developing countries, but the greenhouse gas (GHG) dynamics and fluxes from small aquaculture ponds are still poorly assessed. In this study, the dissolved concentrations and fluxes of CO2 and CH4 were determined in three coastal earthen shrimp ponds over one whole year, covering both the farming and non-farming periods, in the Min River Estuary, southeastern China. Both ebullitive and diffusive CH4 fluxes were measured, which were rarely done in previous studies. The average concentrations of dissolved CO2 and CH4 in water column in the farming period varied between 18.1 +/- 0.1 and 79.6 +/- 1.1 mu mol L-1, and 1.3 +/- 0.1 and 55.9 +/- 3.2 mu mol L-1, respectively. When averaged across the whole year, the mean CO2 and CH4 fluxes from the ponds were - 18.4 +/- 7.4 and 22.6 +/- 6.9 mg m- 2 h-1, respectively, suggesting that the shrimp ponds acted as a CO2 sink and a CH4 source. Based on the sustained-flux global warming potential (SGWP) and sustained-flux global cooling potential (SGCP) models, the annual warming potential was estimated to be 7.1 x 103 g CO2-eq m- 2 yr- 1, with approximately 90% of this arising from the farming period. Ebullition was the dominant emission pathway for CH4, accounting for over 90% of the total CH4 emission during the farming period. This full-year study improves our understanding of carbon cycling in coastal aquaculture ponds and provides a scientific basis for updating the GHG inventories.
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| 2. |
- Tong, Yang, et al.
(författare)
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Progress of the key materials for organic solar cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Science in China Series B. - Beijing, China : SCIENCE PRESS. - 1674-7291 .- 1869-1870. ; 63:6, s. 758-765
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Organic solar cells have attracted academic and industrial interests due to the advantages like lightweight, flexibility and roll-to-roll fabrication. Nowadays, 18% power conversion efficiency has been achieved in the state-of-the-art organic solar cells. The recent rapid progress in organic solar cells relies on the continuously emerging new materials and device fabrication technologies, and the deep understanding on film morphology, molecular packing and device physics. Donor and acceptor materials are the key materials for organic solar cells since they determine the device performance. The past 25 years have witnessed an odyssey in developing high-performance donors and acceptors. In this review, we focus on those star materials and milestone work, and introduce the molecular structure evolution of key materials. These key materials include homopolymer donors, D-A copolymer donors, A-D-A small molecular donors, fullerene acceptors and nonfullerene acceptors. At last, we outlook the challenges and very important directions in key materials development.
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| 3. |
- Zhuang, Xiahai, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of algorithms for Multi-Modality Whole Heart Segmentation : An open-access grand challenge.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Medical Image Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1361-8415 .- 1361-8423. ; 58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge of whole heart anatomy is a prerequisite for many clinical applications. Whole heart segmentation (WHS), which delineates substructures of the heart, can be very valuable for modeling and analysis of the anatomy and functions of the heart. However, automating this segmentation can be challenging due to the large variation of the heart shape, and different image qualities of the clinical data. To achieve this goal, an initial set of training data is generally needed for constructing priors or for training. Furthermore, it is difficult to perform comparisons between different methods, largely due to differences in the datasets and evaluation metrics used. This manuscript presents the methodologies and evaluation results for the WHS algorithms selected from the submissions to the Multi-Modality Whole Heart Segmentation (MM-WHS) challenge, in conjunction with MICCAI 2017. The challenge provided 120 three-dimensional cardiac images covering the whole heart, including 60 CT and 60 MRI volumes, all acquired in clinical environments with manual delineation. Ten algorithms for CT data and eleven algorithms for MRI data, submitted from twelve groups, have been evaluated. The results showed that the performance of CT WHS was generally better than that of MRI WHS. The segmentation of the substructures for different categories of patients could present different levels of challenge due to the difference in imaging and variations of heart shapes. The deep learning (DL)-based methods demonstrated great potential, though several of them reported poor results in the blinded evaluation. Their performance could vary greatly across different network structures and training strategies. The conventional algorithms, mainly based on multi-atlas segmentation, demonstrated good performance, though the accuracy and computational efficiency could be limited. The challenge, including provision of the annotated training data and the blinded evaluation for submitted algorithms on the test data, continues as an ongoing benchmarking resource via its homepage (www.sdspeople.fudan.edu.cn/zhuangxiahai/0/mmwhs/).
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