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| 9. |
- Heimburg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Physical activity after cardiac arrest; protocol of a sub-study in the Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5204. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: The primary aim of this study is to investigate whether out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors have lower levels of self-reported physical activity compared to a non-cardiac arrest (CA) control group who had acute myocardial infarction (MI). Additional aims are to explore potential predictors of physical inactivity (older age, female gender, problems with general physical function, global cognition, mental processing speed/attention, anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia, fatigue), and to investigate the relationship between self-reported and objectively measured physical activity among OHCA-survivors. Methods: The Targeted Hypothermia versus Targeted Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest trial (TTM2-trial) collects information regarding age, gender, self-reported physical activity, general physical function, global cognition and mental processing speed/attention at 6 months after OHCA. In this TTM2-trial cross-sectional prospective sub-study, participants at selected sites are invited to an additional follow-up meeting within 4 weeks from the main study follow-up. At this meeting, information regarding anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms, kinesiophobia and fatigue is collected. The OHCA-survivors are then provided with an objective measure of physical activity, a hip-placed accelerometer, to wear for one week, together with a training diary. At the end of the week, participants are asked to once again answer two self-reported questions regarding physical activity for that specific week. MI-controls attend a single follow-up meeting and perform the same assessments as the OHCA-survivors, except from wearing the accelerometer. We aim to include 110 OHCA-survivors and 110 MI-controls in Sweden, Denmark and the United Kingdom. Conclusion: The results from this sub-study will provide novel information about physical activity among OHCA-survivors.
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| 10. |
- Ljungars, A., et al.
(författare)
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A platform for phenotypic discovery of therapeutic antibodies and targets applied on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
- 2018
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Ingår i: JCO Precision Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2473-4284 .- 2397-768X. ; 2:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Development of antibody drugs against novel targets and pathways offers great opportunities to improve current cancer treatment. We here describe a phenotypic discovery platform enabling efficient identification of therapeutic antibody-target combinations. The platform utilizes primary patient cells throughout the discovery process and includes methods for differential phage display cell panning, high-throughput cell-based specificity screening, phenotypic in vitro screening, target deconvolution, and confirmatory in vivo screening. In this study the platform was applied on cancer cells from patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia resulting in discovery of antibodies with improved cytotoxicity in vitro compared to the standard of care, the CD20-specific monoclonal antibody rituximab. Isolated antibodies were found to target six different receptors on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia cells; CD21, CD23, CD32, CD72, CD200, and HLA-DR of which CD32, CD200, and HLA-DR appeared as the most potent targets for antibody-based cytotoxicity treatment. Enhanced antibody efficacy was confirmed in vivo using a patient-derived xenograft model.
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| 11. |
- Ancelle-Park, R., et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the evidence of breast cancer service screening outcomes in Europe and first estimate of the benefit and harm balance sheet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 19, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To construct a European 'balance sheet' of key outcomes of population-based mammographic breast cancer screening, to inform policy-makers, stakeholders and invited women. Methods From the studies reviewed, the primary benefit of screening, breast cancer mortality reduction, was compared with the main harms, over-diagnosis and false-positive screening results (FPRs). Results Pooled estimates of breast cancer mortality reduction among invited women were 25% in incidence-based mortality studies and 31% in case-control studies (38% and 48% among women actually screened). Estimates of over-diagnosis ranged from 1% to 10% of the expected incidence in the absence of screening. The combined estimate of over-diagnosis for screened women, from European studies correctly adjusted for lead time and underlying trend, was 6.5%. For women undergoing 10 biennial screening tests, the estimated cumulative risk of a FPR followed by non-invasive assessment was 17%, and 3% having an invasive assessment. For every 1000 women screened biennially from age 50-51 until age 68-69 and followed up to age 79, an estimated seven to nine lives are saved, four cases are over-diagnosed, 170 women have at least one recall followed by non-invasive assessment with a negative result and 30 women have at least one recall followed by invasive procedures yielding a negative result. Conclusions The chance of saving a woman's life by population-based mammographic screening of appropriate quality is greater than that of over-diagnosis. Service screening in Europe achieves a mortality benefit at least as great as the randomized controlled trials. These outcomes should be communicated to women offered service screening in Europe.
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- Chow, J.M., et al.
(författare)
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Randomized benchmarking and process tomography for gate errors in a solid-state qubit
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 102:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of single-qubit gate errors for a superconducting qubit. Results from quantum process tomography and randomized benchmarking are compared with gate errors obtained from a double pulse experiment. Randomized benchmarking reveals a minimum average gate error of 1.1±0.3% and a simple exponential dependence of fidelity on the number of gates. It shows that the limits on gate fidelity are primarily imposed by qubit decoherence, in agreement with theory.
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- Bishop, Lev S., et al.
(författare)
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Proposal for generating and detecting multi-qubit GHZ states in circuit QED
- 2009
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 11, s. 073040-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose methods for the preparation and entanglement detectionof multi-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states in circuit quantumelectrodynamics. Using quantum trajectory simulations appropriate for thesituation of a weak continuous measurement, we show that the joint dispersivereadout of several qubits can be utilized for the probabilistic production ofhigh-fidelity GHZ states. When employing a nonlinear filter on the recordedhomodyne signal, the selected states are found to exhibit values of theBell–Mermin operator exceeding 2 under realistic conditions. We discuss thepotential of the dispersive readout to demonstrate a violation of the Merminbound, and present a measurement scheme avoiding the necessity for fulldetector tomography.
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| 18. |
- Heimburg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported limitations in physical function are common 6 months after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
- 2022
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Ingår i: Resuscitation Plus. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-5204. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors generally report good health-related quality of life, but physical aspects of health seem more affected than other domains. Limitations in physical function after surviving OHCA have received little attention. Aims: To describe physical function 6 months after OHCA and compare it with a group of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) controls, matched for country, age, sex and time of the cardiac event. A second aim was to explore variables potentially associated with self-reported limitations in physical function in OHCA survivors. Methods: A cross-sectional sub-study of the Targeted Temperature Management at 33 degrees C versus 36 degrees C (TTM) trial with a follow-up 6 months post-event. Physical function was the main outcome assessed with the self-reported Physical Functioning-10 items scale (PF-10). PF-10 is presented as T-scores (0-100), where 50 represents the norm mean. Scores <47 at a group level, or <45 at an individual level indicate limitations in physical function. Results: 287 OHCA survivors and 119 STEMI controls participated. Self-reported physical function by PF-10 was significantly lower for OHCA survivors compared to STEMI controls (mean 46.0, SD 11.2 vs. 48.8, SD 9.0, p= 0.025). 38% of OHCA survivors compared to 26% of STEMI controls reported limitations in physical function at an individual level (p = 0.022). The most predictive variables for self-reported limitations in physical function in OHCA survivors were older age, female sex, cognitive impairment, and symptoms of anxiety and depression after 6 months. Conclusion: Self-reported limitations in physical function are more common in OHCA survivors compared to STEMI controls.
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| 19. |
- Lancucki, L, et al.
(författare)
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A fall-off in cervical screening coverage of younger women in developed countries
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-5793 .- 0969-1413. ; 17:2, s. 91-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To analyse cervical screening coverage data by age over time in a number of developed countries throughout the world, with specific emphasis on trends for younger women and on age differentials between younger and older women. Methods Routinely collected cervical screening statistics and survey data were collected on the proportion of women who have undergone cervical screening with cytology in seven countries in the period 1995 to 2005. Results Data for the 25-29 age group were examined. Coverage fell in most countries, in three by more than 5 percentage points. In two countries while overall coverage rose in the period, the rise was not as steep in the youngest group of women. Data for each available 5-year age group for the different countries shows a similar gradient in most, regardless of the absolute level of coverage. Although the trend is not uniform in every country, it appears that generally the gap between coverage of younger women and coverage of older women increased, sometimes dramatically, between the mid-1990s and the mid-2000s. Conclusions There is a general trend in developed countries towards lower coverage in young women (25-29 years old). No common underlying cause has been clearly identified and there is a need for further studies to investigate the possible reasons for this phenomenon.
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| 22. |
- Andersen, SB, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the burden of interval cancers in long-standing screening mammography programmes
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-5793 .- 0969-1413. ; 22:2, s. 83-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mammography screening programme sensitivity is evaluated by comparing the interval cancer rate (ICR) with the expected breast cancer incidence without screening, ie. the proportional interval cancer rate (PICR). The PICR is usually found by extrapolating pre-screening incidence rates, whereas ICR is calculated from data available in the screening programmes. As there is no consensus regarding estimation of background incidence, we seek to validate the ICR measure against the PICR. Methods Screening data from the three mammography screening programmes of Stockholm, Copenhagen, and Funen in the period 1989-2011 provided data to calculate the ICR. The most commonly described methods of extrapolating pre-screening incidence rates to calculate the PICR were illustrated and PICRs were calculated by year and programme using these different methods and compared with the ICRs. Results PICRs varied greatly, reaching a difference of 32–34% in Stockholm, 79% in Copenhagen, and 100–106% in Funen between the highest and the lowest value, depending on which method was applied. PICRs exhibited large variations yearly and from programme to programme. ICRs did not vary to the same extent, ranging on average from 0.100 to 0.136 in the first 12-months and between 0.201 and 0.225 in the last 12-months of the two-year period after a negative screen across the three programmes. Conclusion The value of the PICR is hugely influenced by which method is applied, whereas the ICR is calculated purely on data available within programmes. We find that the PICR, the establishing indicator for sensitivity, could preferably be replaced by the ICR.
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| 25. |
- Bergerbrant, Sophie, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Identifying commoners in the Bronze Age: burials outside barrows
- 2017
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Ingår i: New Perspectives on the Bronze Age: Proceedings from the 13th Nordic Bronze Age Symposium, held in Gothenburg 9th June to 13th June 2015. - Oxford : Archaeopress. - 9781784915988 ; , s. 37-64
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article discusses the possibility of social division and the presence of commoners in south Scandinavia during the Early Bronze Age. The discussion is based on new scientific and archaeological data generated in the project Travels, transmissions and transformations in temperate northern Europe during the 3rd and 2nd millennium BC: The rise of Bronze Age societies. Based on a comprehensive radiocarbon dating program, we were able to re-assign many skeletons, previously assumed to be Late Neolithic, to the Bronze Age. This accounted for a significant proportion of non-elite burials (including those of children) that had previously been ‘mysteriously’ missing in the archaeological Bronze Age record. Moreover, strontium isotope analyses reveal that individuals seem to be mobile regardless of their wealth status and burial rituals. It suggests a society where workers and perhaps even nonfree labourers were mobile, not only the elite segment.
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- Blank, Malou, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Interdisciplinary analyses of the remains from three gallery graves at Kinnekulle: tracing Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age societies in inland Southwestern Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we investigate the Scandinavian Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age of Kinnekulle in southwestern Sweden. The above-mentioned periods in the study area are poorly understood and the archaeological record consists of a few stray finds and a concentration of 20 gallery graves. This study focuses on three of the gallery graves where commingled skeletons from successive burials were recovered. The human remains and the artefacts from the graves were used for discussing individual life stories as well as living societies with the aim of gaining new knowledge of the last part of the Neolithic and the beginning of the Early Bronze Age in southwestern Sweden. We focused on questions concerning health and trauma, mobility and exchange networks, and diet and subsistence of the people using the graves. Chronological, bioarchaeological, and biomolecular aspects of the burials were approached through the application of archaeological and osteological studies, as well as stable isotope, strontium isotope, radiocarbon, and mtDNA analyses. The study provides evidence for high mobility and diverse diets, as well as inhumations primarily dated to the transition between the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. We suggest that the mountain plateau of Kinnekulle was mainly reserved for the dead, while the people lived in agriculture-based groups in the surrounding lower lying regions.
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| 28. |
- Blom, J, et al.
(författare)
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Gender-specific cut-offs in colorectal cancer screening with FIT: Increased compliance and equal positivity rate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 1475-5793 .- 0969-1413. ; 26:2, s. 92-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using quantitative Faecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) in colorectal cancer screening enables adjustment of the cut-off for a positive test. As men have higher stool blood levels and higher prevalence of colorectal neoplasia, different cut-off levels can be chosen for men and women. We evaluated participation and positivity rates switching from guaiac-based faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) (Hemoccult®) to FIT (OC-Sensor), using gender-specific cut-offs. Methods The colorectal cancer screening programme of Stockholm-Gotland, Sweden, started in 2008 and invited individuals aged 60–69 to biennial testing using gFOBT. From 1 October 2015 the test was switched to FIT, with positivity cut-offs of 40 (200) and 80 (400) µg Hb/g (ng/mL) faeces for women and men, respectively. The first year was evaluated for compliance and positivity, number of reminders and incorrect/inadequate tests, compared with gFOBT in the preceding 12-month period. Results There were 127,030 and 87,269 individuals invited to screening with gFOBT and FIT, respectively. The change of test increased overall participation by 11.9% (95% confidence interval 11.5%–12.3%) from 56.5% to 68.4% ( p < 0.001). The increase was larger in men (14.3%) than women (9.7%), and in those aged 60–64 (14.2%) than those aged 65–69 (8.7%). The positivity rate was 2.6% in women and 2.5% in men. There was a lower rate of reminders and incorrect/inadequate tests with FIT. Conclusions Within a well-organised colorectal cancer screening programme, changing the test from gFOBT to FIT markedly increased participation, especially among men, and in the younger age group. With a lower cut-off in women than men, the positivity rate was similar.
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| 29. |
- Burri, Stina C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Antioxidant capacity and major phenol compounds of horticultural plant materials not usually used
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 38, s. 119-127
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Horticultural plant materials not usually used from onion, carrot, beetroot, sea buckthorn, black and red currants as well as a wastewater powder from olive oil production were analyzed for total phenols content (FC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), radical scavenging capacity (ABTS), and for major phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS. Antioxidant capacity and phenol content varied significantly between species and cultivars, with extracts of sea buckthorn leaves being superior. In different species, different phenolic compounds were closely associated with FRAP, ABTS and FC. For instance, hydrolysable tannins were major antioxidants in sea buckthorn whereas quercetin was the major antioxidant in onion peel and skin. This study shows that horticultural plant materials usually left in the field or waste materials from processing may have high antioxidant properties, and that extracts of these materials therefore could be of potential interest for development of antioxidant food additives.
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| 30. |
- Burri, Stina C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of 11 plant materials and extracts evaluated in highly oxidised cooked meatballs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Foods. - : MDPI AG. - 2304-8158. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The underlying mechanism(s) behind the potential carcinogenicity of processed meat is a popular research subject of which the lipid oxidation is a common suspect. Different formulations and cooking parameters of a processed meat product were evaluated for their capacity to induce lipid oxidation. Meatballs made of beef or pork, containing different concentrations of fat (10 or 20 g 100 g−1), salt (2 or 4 g 100 g−1), subjected to differing cooking types (pan or deep frying), and storage times (1, 7, and 14 days), were evaluated using thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS). The deep-fried meatball type most susceptible to oxidation was used as the model meat product for testing the lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of 11 plant materials and extracts, in two concentrations (100 and 200 mg kg−1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)), measured after 14 days of storage using TBARS. Summer savory lyophilized powder was the most efficient plant material, lowering lipid oxidation to 13.8% and 21.8% at the 200 and 100 mg kg−1 concentration, respectively, followed by a sea buckthorn leaf extract, lowering lipid oxidation to 22.9% at 100 mg kg−1, compared to the meatball without added antioxidants. The lipid oxidation was thus successfully reduced using these natural antioxidants.
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| 31. |
- Burri, Stina C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Lipid oxidation inhibition capacity of plant extracts and powders in a processed meat model system
- 2020
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Ingår i: Meat Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0309-1740 .- 1873-4138. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A meat model system was used for screening lipid oxidation inhibiting capacity of diverse horticultural plant materials. In the model, heme-containing sarcoplasmic proteins from the meat water-phase were homogenized with linoleic acid and thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) were measured. 23 Plant materials were investigated at three high (50, 100, and 200 ppm) concentrations and five plant extracts were tested at three low (5, 10, and 20 ppm) concentrations over time. In the high concentration sets, summer savory freeze-dried powder, beetroot leaves extracted with 50% ethanol, and an olive polyphenol powder extracted from wastewater, inhibited oxidation the most effectively. After two weeks and at 200 ppm concentration, oxidation was reduced to 17.2%, 16.6% and 13.5% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants respectively. In the low concentration set, spray dried rhubarb juice inhibited oxidation the most after two weeks at 5 ppm where oxidation was reduced to 68.3% of the blank sample with no added antioxidants.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- de Lange, G., et al.
(författare)
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Reversing Quantum Trajectories with Analog Feedback
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 112:8, s. 5-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the active suppression of transmon qubit dephasing induced by dispersive measurement, using parametric amplification and analog feedback. By real-time processing of the homodyne record, the feedback controller reverts the stochastic quantum phase kick imparted by the measurement on the qubit. The feedback operation matches a model of quantum trajectories with a measurement efficiency (eta) over tilde approximate to 0.5, consistent with the result obtained by postselection. We overcome the bandwidth limitations of the amplification chain by numerically optimizing the signal processing in the feedback loop and provide a theoretical model explaining the optimization result.
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| 36. |
- Forsberg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical testing 2 years apart for colorectal cancer screening (SCREESCO): preliminary report of a randomised controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2468-1253. ; 7:6, s. 513-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Screening for colorectal cancer is done with lower gastrointestinal endoscopy or stool-based tests. There is little evidence from randomised trials to show primary colonoscopy reduces mortality in colorectal cancer We aimed to investigate the effect of screening with once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical test screening on colorectal cancer mortality and incidence. Methods We did a randomised controlled trial in Sweden (SCREESCO). Residents in 18 of 21 regions who were age 60 years in the year of randomisation were identified from a population register maintained by the Swedish Tax Agency. A statistician with no further involvement in the trial used a randomised block method to assign individuals to once-only colonoscopy, two rounds of faecal immunochemical testing (OC-Sensor; 2 years apart), or a control group (no intervention; standard diagnostic pathways), in a ratio of 1:6 for colonoscopy versus control and 1:2 for faecal immunochemical testing versus control. Masking was not possible due to the nature of the trial. The primary endpoints of the trial are colorectal cancer mortality and colorectal cancer incidence. Here, we report preliminary participation rates, baseline findings, and adverse events from March, 2014, to December, 2020, in the two intervention groups after completion of recruitment and screening, up to the completion of the second faecal immunochemical testing round. Analyses were done in the intention-to-screen population, defined as all individuals who were randomly assigned to the respective study group. This study is registered with Clinical Trials.gov, NCT02078804. Findings Between March 1, 2014, and Dec 31, 2020, 278 280 people were induded in the study; 31 140 were assigned to the colonoscopy group, 60 300 to the faecal immunochemical test group, and 186 840 to the control group. 10 679 (35.1%) of 30 400 people who received an invitation for colonoscopy participated. 33 383 (55.5%) of 60 137 people who received a postal faecal immunochemical test participated. In the intention-to-screen analysis, colorectal cancer was detected in 49 (0.16%) of 31140 people in the colonoscopy group versus 121 (0. 20%) of 60 300 in the faecal immunochemical test group (relative risk [RR] 0.78, 95% CI 0.56-1.09). Advanced adenomas were detected in 637 (2.05%) people in the colonoscopy group and 968 (1.61%) in the faecal immunochemical test group (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.15-1.41). Colonoscopy detected more right-sided advanced adenomas than faecal immunochemical testing. There were two perforations and 15 major bleeds in 16 555 colonoscopies. No intervention-related deaths occurred. Interpretation The diagnostic yield and the low number of adverse events indicate that the design from this trial, both for once-only colonoscopy and faecal immunochemical test screening, could be transferred to a population-based screening service if a benefit in disease-specific mortality is subsequently shown. Copyright (C) 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 37. |
- Galanakis, Charis M., et al.
(författare)
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A study of the recovery of the dietary fibres from olive mill wastewater and the gelling ability of the soluble fibre fraction
- 2010
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Ingår i: LWT - Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438. ; 43:7, s. 1009-1017
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel method of the recovery of a dietary fibre containing material from olive mill wastewater (OMW) was developed. Extraction was based on thermal treatment with mixtures of ethanol and acids, prior to the isolation of the alcohol insoluble residue (AIR). Different mixtures were tested and the extracted residues were characterized. The maximum AIR recovery accounted 64.8 g/100 g OMW dry matter, while the corresponding total fibre content was 5.1 g/100 g of the AIR. Despite the high potassium (8.4 g/100 g) and the low galacturonic acid content (3.3 g/100 g), AIR was able to form gels after a simple isolation and concentration of the soluble fraction. The soluble fibres were exclusively composed of pectin (93.9 and 6.1 mol/100 mol galacturonic acid and arabinose, respectively) with 59 mol/100 mol GalA degree of methylation. The viscoelastic properties of the gels were evaluated as a function of galacturonic acid content, where the gel rigidity and elasticity was found to increase exponentially with this parameter. A further treatment of the pectin material with citric acid during its concentration, allowed the formation of more rigid, but less elastic gels. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 38. |
- Galanakis, Charis M., et al.
(författare)
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Clarification of high-added value products from olive mill wastewater
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Food Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0260-8774. ; 99:2, s. 190-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of the current study is to investigate the clarification of two high-added value products (pectin containing solution and phenol containing beverage) recovered from olive mill wastewater. For this purpose, both liquids were processed with four types of ultrafiltration (100, 25, 10 and 2 kDa) and one nanofiltration membranes under optimum transmembrane pressure. Retention coefficients and performance parameters were monitored for each experiment. The membranes of 25 and 100 kDa showed very satisfying results with regard to the concentration of pectin solutions as they were able to separate it from cations and phenols. The membrane of 25 kDa was also able to partially remove the heavier fragments of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and flavonols, and simultaneously to sustain the antioxidant properties of the phenol containing beverage in the permeate stream. Finally, nanofiltration clarified the beverage from cations that passed in the permeate stream, but this process resulted in loss of antioxidant compounds, too. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 39. |
- Galanakis, Charis M., et al.
(författare)
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Dietary fiber suspensions from olive mill wastewater as potential fat replacements in meatballs
- 2010
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Ingår i: LWT - Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438. ; 43:7, s. 1018-1025
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A dietary fiber containing material, named as alcohol insoluble residue (AIR), was recovered from the olive mill wastewater (OMW). It was separated into different fractions (water soluble and insoluble AIR) and characterized with regard to fiber and ion content. Dynamic rheological tests of the water soluble fraction (WSAIR) were conducted in order to examine its gelling ability. Thereafter, AIR as well as WSAIR were utilized as fat replacement in meatballs together or separately with carrot and starch and compared with regard to the total, water and fat loss or oil uptake during frying of the meatballs. Results indicated that AIR could not be considered as a potential fat replacement in meatballs due to the restricted water holding ability. Nevertheless, WSAIR could be utilized together with carrot fibers as additive in low fat meatballs, since it was able to improve the cooking properties of the product, by restricting the oil uptake and thereby giving rise to meatballs with sustained reduced fat content. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 40. |
- Galanakis, Charis M., et al.
(författare)
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Recovery and preservation of phenols from olive waste in ethanolic extracts
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology. - : Wiley. - 0268-2575 .- 1097-4660. ; 85:8, s. 1148-1155
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The current trend of upgrading undervalued agricultural by-products involves the recovery of natural antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to recover phenols from fresh olive mill wastewater (OMW) with their dispersion in 85 mL ethanol per 100 mL and to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the phenol content and antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Moreover, all these characteristics were monitored over a period of 18 weeks in order to examine their preservation inside the ethanolic medium. RESULTS: Extraction time (30-120 min) was not critical for the process, while a pre-treatment step with the addition of ethanol in lower concentrations (20 mL per 100 mL or less) seems to affect negatively the recovery of the phenols in the final (85 mL per 100 mL) ethanolic medium. A pre-heating step of OMW at 50-60 degrees C as well as 80 degrees C resulted in reduction of the phenol concentrations and antioxidant activities of the extracts, probably due to the generation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions, respectively. Nevertheless, extracts from the heat treated samples generally preserved their phenol characteristics as well as ferric ions reduction ability and indeed increased their radical scavenging activity during storage. CONCLUSION: Extraction of the phenols was mainly governed by their solubilization in the hydro-ethanolic mixture as well as the thermal pre-treatment of OMW. Results can be utilized to optimize the recovery and preservation of phenols from OMW in hydro-ethanolic mixtures. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
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| 41. |
- Galanakis, Charis M., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of heat processing on the functional properties of pectin contained in olive mill wastewater
- 2010
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Ingår i: LWT - Food Science and Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0023-6438. ; 43:7, s. 1001-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of prolonged heat processing (180 min at 50-80 degrees C) on the functional and theological properties of pectin, derived from olive mill wastewater (OMW). It was shown that a low temperature blanching of OMW at 60 degrees C, activates endogenous pectin methyl esterase and promotes demethylation, despite the high concentration of phenols. Activation of the enzyme resulted in enhanced solubilization and subsequent partial degradation of pectin. The induced degradation impaired pectin grade and resulted in loss of gelling functionality. An alternative heating process at 80 degrees C resulted in negligible enzyme induced degradation of the pectin and improved gelling properties of the recovered material, despite the lower solubilization of the pectin. The obtained results contribute to a better understanding of the temperature effect on pectin functional properties and can be utilized in order to optimize pectin recovery from OMW. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 42. |
- Heimburg, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Agreement between self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity among out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low level of physical activity is a risk factor for new cardiac events in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survivors. Physical activity can be assessed by self-reporting or objectively by accelerometery.AIM: To investigate the agreement between self-reported and objectively assessed physical activity among OHCA survivors HYPOTHESIS: Self-reported levels of physical activity will show moderate agreement with objectively assessed levels of physical activity.METHOD: Cross-sectional study including OHCA survivors in Sweden, Denmark, and the United Kingdom. Two questions about moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity during the last week were used as self-reports. Moderate and vigorous intensity physical activity were objectively assessed with accelerometers (ActiGraph GT3X-BT) worn upon the right hip for 7 consecutive days.RESULTS: Forty-nine of 106 OHCA survivors answered the two questions for self-reporting and had 7 valid days of accelerometer assessment. More physically active days were registered by self-report compared with accelerometery for both moderate intensity (median 5 [3:7] vs. 3 [0:5] days; p < 0.001) and vigorous intensity (1 [0:3] vs. 0 [0:0] days; p < 0.001). Correlations between self-reported and accelerometer assessed physical activity were sufficient (moderate intensity: rs = 0.336, p = 0.018; vigorous intensity: rs = 0.375, p = 0.008), and agreements were fair and none to slight (moderate intensity: k = 0.269, p = 0.001; vigorous intensity: k = 0.148, p = 0.015). The categorization of self-reported versus objectively assessed physical activity showed that 26% versus 65% had a low level of physical activity.CONCLUSION: OHCA survivors reported more physically active days compared with the results of the accelerometer assessment and correlated sufficiently and agreed fairly and none to slightly.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Henriksson, J., et al.
(författare)
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Performance Analysis of Out-of-Distribution Detection on Various Trained Neural Networks
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 45th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA), Kallithea, Greece, 28-30 Aug. 2019. - : IEEE. - 9781728134215
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several areas have been improved with Deep Learning during the past years. For non-safety related products adoption of Al and ML is not an issue, whereas in safety critical applications, robustness of such approaches is still an issue. A common challenge for Deep Neural Networks (DNN) occur when exposed to out-of-distribution samples that are previously unseen, where DNNs can yield high confidence predictions despite no prior knowledge of the input. In this paper we analyse two supervisors on two well-known DNNs with varied setups of training and find that the outlier detection performance improves with the quality of the training procedure. We analyse the performance of the supervisor after each epoch during the training cycle, to investigate supervisor performance as the accuracy converges. Understanding the relationship between training results and supervisor performance is valuable to improve robustness of the model and indicates where more work has to be done to create generalized models for safety critical applications.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Hoi, Io Chun, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Giant Cross–Kerr Effect for Propagating Microwaves Induced by an Artificial Atom
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114 .- 0031-9007. ; 111:5, s. article nr. 053601-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the effective interaction between two microwave fields, mediated by a transmon-type superconducting artificial atom which is strongly coupled to a coplanar transmission line. The interaction between the fields and atom produces an effective cross–Kerr coupling. We demonstrate average cross–Kerr phase shifts of up to 20 degrees per photon with both coherent microwave fields at the single-photon level. Our results provide an important step toward quantum applications with propagating microwave photons.
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| 48. |
- Hutchinson, B., et al.
(författare)
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Microstructures and hardness of as-quenched martensites (0.1-0.5%C)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Acta Materialia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1359-6454 .- 1873-2453. ; 59:14, s. 5845-5858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four commercial steels with carbon contents in the range 0.1-0.5 wt.% have been examined in the as-quenched condition using electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and atom probe tomography. The austenite had been deformed 0%, 10% and 30% prior to brine quenching. No influence of this deformation was evident on the martensite hardness or in any of the microstructure measurements. Increasing carbon content showed a well-known marked effect on the hardness but resulted in little refinement in the grain structure of the martensite. All crystal structures were cubic; no evidence of tetragonality was seen even at the highest carbon level but some systematic changes in grain boundary misorientations existed. The content of carbon in true interstitial solid solution deduced from X-ray line shifts was small (similar to 0.02 wt.%), and was independent of the total carbon content in the steel. Atom probe tomography showed that carbon was almost completely segregated to lath boundaries and dislocations but with an increasing density of segregates in the higher carbon steels. Calculations of diffusion distances confirmed that the segregation patterns were compatible with autotempering of the martensite during quenching. Analysis of different possible contributions to strength leads to the conclusion that segregated carbon atoms at defects behave similarly to carbon in true solid solution and that this is the largest single factor controlling the strength of as-quenched martensite. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 49. |
- Jung, Sunghwan, et al.
(författare)
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Periodic sedimentation in a Stokesian fluid
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review E. - 1539-3755. ; 74:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the sedimentation of two identical but nonspherical particles sedimenting in a Stokesian fluid. Experiments and numerical simulations reveal periodic orbits wherein the bodies mutually induce an in-phase rotational motion accompanied by periodic modulations of sedimentation speed and separation distance. We term these tumbling orbits and find that they appear over a broad range of body shapes.
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| 50. |
- Karlsson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Cell membrane damage and protein interaction induced by copper containing nanoparticles-Importance of the metal release process
- 2013
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Ingår i: Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0300-483X .- 1879-3185. ; 313:1, s. 59-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cu-containing nanoparticles are used in various applications in order to e.g. achieve antimicrobial activities and to increase the conductivity of fluids and polymers. Several studies have reported on toxic effects of such particles but the mechanisms are not completely clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the interactions between cell membranes and well-characterized nanoparticles of CuO, Cu metal, a binary Cu-Zn alloy and micron-sized Cu metal particles. This was conducted via in vitro investigations of the effects of the nanoparticles on (i) cell membrane damage on lung epithelial cells (A549), (ii) membrane rupture of red blood cells (hemolysis), complemented by (iii) nanoparticle interaction studies with a model lipid membrane using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The results revealed that nanoparticles of the Cu metal and the Cu-Zn alloy were both highly membrane damaging and caused a rapid (within 1 h) increase in membrane damage at a particle mass dose of 20 mu g/mL, whereas the CuO nanoparticles and the micron-sized Cu metal particles showed no such effect. At similar nanoparticle surface area doses, the nano and micron-sized Cu particles showed more similar effects. The commonly used LDH (lactate dehydrogenase) assay for analysis of membrane damage was found impossible to use due to nanoparticle-assay interactions. None of the particles induced any hemolytic effects on red blood cells when investigated up to high particle concentrations (1 mg/mL). However, both Cu and Cu-Zn nanopartides caused hemoglobin aggregation/precipitation, a process that would conceal a possible hemolytic effect. Studies on interactions between the nanoparticles and a model membrane using QCM-D indicated a small difference between the investigated particles. Results of this study suggest that the observed membrane damage is caused by the metal release process at the cell membrane surface and highlight differences in reactivity between metallic nanoparticles of Cu and Cu-Zn and nanoparticles of CuO.
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