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| 5. |
- Bring, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Colour development in copper ruby alkali silicate glasses. : Part 2. The effect of tin (II) oxide and antimony (III) oxide
- 2007
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Ingår i: GLASS TECHNOLOGY-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF GLASS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY PART A. - : Society of Glass Technology. - 1753-3546. ; 48:3, s. 142-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of Sb3+ and Sn2+ during the heat treatment of copper ruby alkali silicate glasses is investigated. The reducing power of SnO and Sb2O3 with respect to Cu is investigated and it is concluded that SnO has the strongest reducing capability. When Cu2O and SnO concentrations are low, minor additions of Sb2O3 have an observable impact on colour development and absorbance, as thin pieces of glass develop a bluish tint and a larger shift towards longer wavelengths is observed in UV/vis spectra. The differences in colour and spectra are suggested to be caused by differences in size of the colour forming agent, Cu metal particles.
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| 6. |
- Bring, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Potassium sulfate droplets and the origin of turbidity in alabaster glass
- 2006
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Ingår i: Glass Technology : European Journal of Glass Science and Technology A. ; 47:1, s. 15-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A study of the criteria required to manufacture multi-component semi-transparent silicate glasses, so called “alabaster” glass, has found that the optical effect is caused by non-crystal¬line potassium sulfate droplets. The droplets were characterized by use of XRD, SEM/EDX and Raman spectroscopy. The size range of the particles is in the order of 5-50 micrometers. It was found that the droplets consisted of potassium sulfate, even if other sulfate compounds were added to the glass. The amount of sulfate compound added, the melting temperature of the furnace and the melting time have significant effect on the optical density of the glass. The optical density of the glass can be correlated to the calculated surface tension of the host glass, suggesting that phase separation of a sulfate enriched liquid phase is part of the mecha¬nism forming the droplets. By adding pigments several different colours can be obtained, but the alabaster effect is not achieved during reducing conditions, thus it seems not possible to produce colours originating from reduced pigments. Pigments tested were Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Au, Mo/Se, Nd and Ti/Ce/Se.
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| 7. |
- Bromée, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Neuropeptide Y-family receptors Y6 and Y7 in chicken : Cloning, pharmacological characterization, tissue distribution and conserved synteny with human chromosome region
- 2006
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Ingår i: The FEBS Journal. - : Federation of European Biochemical Societies. - 1742-464X .- 1742-4658. ; 273:9, s. 2048-2063
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The peptides of the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family exert their functions, including regulation of appetite and circadian rhythm, by binding to G-protein coupled receptors. Mammals have five subtypes, named Y1, Y2, Y4, Y5 and Y6, and recently Y7 has been discovered in fish and amphibians. In chicken we have previously characterized the first four subtypes and here we describe Y6 and Y7. The genes for Y6 and Y7 are located 1 megabase apart on chromosome 13, which displays conserved synteny with human chromosome 5 that harbours the Y6 gene. The porcine PYY radioligand bound the chicken Y6 receptor with a Kd of 0.80 ± 0.36 nm. No functional coupling was demonstrated. The Y6 mRNA is expressed in hypothalamus, gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue. Porcine PYY bound chicken Y7 with a Kd of 0.14 ± 0.01 nm (mean ± SEM), whereas chicken PYY surprisingly had a much lower affinity, with a Ki of 41 nm, perhaps as a result of its additional amino acid at the N terminus. Truncated peptide fragments had greatly reduced affinity for Y7, in agreement with its closest relative, Y2, in chicken and fish, but in contrast to Y2 in mammals. This suggests that in mammals Y2 has only recently acquired the ability to bind truncated PYY. Chicken Y7 has a much more restricted tissue distribution than other subtypes and was only detected in adrenal gland. Y7 seems to have been lost in mammals. The physiological roles of Y6 and Y7 remain to be identified, but our phylogenetic and chromosomal analyses support the ancient origin of these Y receptor genes by chromosome duplications in an early (pregnathostome) vertebrate ancestor.
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| 9. |
- Bäck, Emma A., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Defending or Challenging the Status Quo : Position Effects on Biased Intergroup Perceptions
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Journal of Social and Political Psychology. - : Leibniz Institute for Psychology (ZPID). - 2195-3325. ; 2:1, s. 77-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The default ideological position is status quo maintaining, and challenging the status quo is associated with increased efforts and risks. Nonetheless, some people choose to challenge the status quo. Therefore, to challenge the status quo should imply a strong belief in one’s position as the correct one, and thus efforts may be undertaken to undermine the position of others. Study 1 (N = 311) showed that challengers undermined, by ascribing more externality and less rationality, the position of defenders to a larger extent than defenders did of challengers’ position. Studies 2 (N = 135) and 3 (N= 109) tested if these effects were driven by the implied minority status of the challenging position. Results revealed no effects of experimentally manipulated numerical status, but challengers were again more biased than defenders. Study 3 also revealed that challengers felt more negatively toward their opponents (possibly due to greater social identification with like-minded others), and these negative emotions in turn predicted biased attributions. Results are important as they add to the understanding of how intergroup conflict may arise, providing explanations for why challengers are less tolerant of others’ point of view.
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| 10. |
- Bäck, Emma A., 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Post-decision consolidation in large group decision-making
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0036-5564 .- 1467-9450. ; 52:4, s. 320-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision-makers tend to change the psychological attractiveness of decision alternatives in favour of their own preferred alternative after the decision is made. In two experiments, the present research examined whether such decision consolidation occurs also among individual group members in a large group decision-making situation. High-school students were presented with a decision scenario on an important issue in their school. The final decision was made by in-group authority, out-group authority or by majority after a ballot voting. Results showed that individual members of large groups changed the attractiveness of their preferred alternative from a pre- to a post decision phase, that these consolidation effects increased when decisions were made by in-group members and when participants identified strongly with their school. Implications of the findings for understanding of group behavior and subgroup relations are discussed.
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| 11. |
- Bäck, Emma A., 1981-
(författare)
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Social and cognitive biases in large group decision settings
- 2011
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present thesis consists of three studies on the effects of group membership in large group decisions. The overall aim was to contribute to understanding how individuals react when decisions are made in large groups. We explored consequences of procedural justice concerns within such groups. In Study I we investigated how different decision procedures and issue importance affect perceptions of others who agree and disagree with the individual on a potentially important issue. Individuals attributed more positive reasons for attitudes of those who agree as opposed to disagree with themselves, whereas disagreers were attributed more negative reasons. The asymmetry was moderated by decision form, and issue importance. The attitudes concerned attitudes towards potential new policies. In Study II we investigated differences in participants’ perceptions of others depending on own position towards the new policy. Challengers of the status quo advocating a change in the existing policy, were more biased when judging others than were defenders of the status quo. This suggests that challengers are less tolerant of defenders’ point of view. This effect was not affected by perceptions of minority status among the challengers. In Study III we looked at individual group members’ cognitive restructuring of a preferred decision alternative, and how it differs between decision conditions when the decision-maker is affiliated to own ingroup or not. Results showed that individuals restructure the attractiveness of their preferred alternative in group decisions similarly to what has been previously found in individual decision-making. The magnitude of restructuring was greatest when ingroup members decided for the group. However, this effect was moderated by identification with the ingroup, such that those who identified themselves with the ingroup restructured their preferred alternative more when ingroup members decided as opposed to when outgroup authorities decided.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Costly punishment in the ultimatum game evokes moral concern, in particular when framed as payoff reduction
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-1031 .- 1096-0465. ; 69, s. 59-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ultimatum game is a common economic experiment in which some participants reject another's unfair offer of how to split some money, even though it leaves them both worse off. This costly behavior can be seen as enforcement of a fairness norm and has been labeled “altruistic punishment”, suggesting that it is a moral thing to do. But is this behavior viewed as moral by participants? Is it viewed as punishment? And are the payoff consequences of the behavior sufficient to determine the answers to these questions? To investigate this we framed costly punishment in two different ways: either as rejection of an offer (the standard ultimatum game framing) or as reduction of payoff. In a series of paid and hypothetical experiments we found that moral concerns about costly punishment depended on the framing. Specifically, the reduction frame elicited more moral concern about, and less use of, costly punishment than did the rejection frame. Several implications are discussed.
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| 13. |
- Kowal, Marta, et al.
(författare)
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Reasons for Facebook Usage : Data From 46 Countries
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-1078. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Seventy-nine percent of internet users use Facebook, and on average they access Facebook eight times a day (Greenwood et al., 2016). To put these numbers into perspective, according to Clement (2019), around 30% of the world's population uses this Online Social Network (OSN) site.Despite the constantly growing body of academic research on Facebook (Chou et al., 2009; Back et al., 2010; Kaplan and Haenlein, 2010; McAndrew and Jeong, 2012; Wilson et al., 2012; Krasnova et al., 2017), there remains limited research regarding the motivation behind Facebook use across different cultures. Our main goal was to collect data from a large cross-cultural sample of Facebook users to examine the roles of sex, age, and, most importantly, cultural differences underlying Facebook use.
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| 14. |
- Lindholm, Torun, et al.
(författare)
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Memory conformity in eyewitness situations: : Casual inferences and schematic gap-filling errors. Shared memories, shared beliefs: The formation and use of joint representations in social interactions
- 2007
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Ingår i: EAESP, Small Group Meeting, Rapallo, Italien, 2007.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous research has shown that individuals who witness and then discuss a crime sequence, can influence each other’s memories of the event (Gabbert, Memon, & Allan, 2003; Gabbert, Memon, & Wright, 2006). It is also known that people may mistakenly infer having seen a cause if they have been presented with the effect of this cause, and that they often make memory errors based on schematic knowledge (Hannigan & Reinitz, 2001). The current study investigates whether conformity effects in eyewitness memory may be moderated by effect presentation and schematic relevance of the witnessed information. In the study, members of a dyad each watch a different video of the same event, a potential theft, where the prime suspect is a man present at the crime scene. Each video version contains unique details seen only by one of the witnesses in the dyad. One member of the dyad actually sees the man steal (the cause), whereas the other witness does not see the theft. Half of the witnesses who don’t see the man steal, see him with the stolen item (effect) and the other half does not. Participants either witness a suspect with a Scandinavian (low schema relevance), or with a southern, Middle eastern appearance (high schema relevance). In one condition, the dyads are encouraged to discuss the event before performing an individual recall test, while in a control condition dyads are not allowed to discuss the event prior to recall. The extent to which witnesses mistakenly remember having seen the theft as a function of activity before recall (discussion vs. no discussion), effect scene presentation, and of the schema relevance of information is examined. Potential mediators of conformity, such as trust in the other witness, and Need to belong will also be investigated.
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| 17. |
- Lindvall, O, et al.
(författare)
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Human fetal dopamine neurons grafted into the striatum in two patients with severe Parkinson's disease. A detailed account of methodology and a 6-month follow-up
- 1989
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Ingår i: Archives of Neurology. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 0003-9942. ; 46:6, s. 31-615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By using stereotaxic surgical techniques, ventral mesencephalic tissues from aborted human fetuses of 8 to 10 weeks' gestational age were implanted unilaterally into the striata in two patients with advanced Parkinson's disease. The patients were treated with a cyclosporine, azathioprine, and steroid regimen to minimize the risk for graft rejection. They were examined for 6 months preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively and continued to receive the same doses of antiparkinsonian medication. There were no significant postoperative complications. No major therapeutic effect from the operation was observed. However, in the clinical tests, both patients showed small but significant increases of movement speed for repeated pronation-supination, fist clenching, and foot lifting. The rate of walking also increased in the one patient tested. For both patients, there was an initial worsening postoperatively, followed by improvement vs preoperative performance at 1 to 3 months. Both patients also showed significant improvement in the magnitude of response to a single dose of levodopa (L-dopa), but there was no increase in the duration of drug action. The motor readiness potential increased in both patients postoperatively, primarily over the operated hemisphere. Neurophysiological measurements also showed a more rapid performance of simple and complex arm and hand movements on the side contralateral to transplantation in one patient at 5 months postoperatively. Positron emission tomography demonstrated no increased uptake of 6-L-(18F)-fluorodopa in the transplanted striatum at 5 and 6 months. Taken together, these results suggest that the fetal nigral implants may have provided a modest improvement in motor function, consistent with the presence of small surviving grafts. Although our results support further scientific experimentation with transplantation in Parkinson's disease, widespread clinical trials with this procedure are probably not warranted at this time.
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| 18. |
- Mwanika, K., et al.
(författare)
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Colonial legacies and contemporary commercial farming outcomes: sugarcane in Eastern Uganda
- 2021
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Ingår i: Third World Quarterly. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0143-6597 .- 1360-2241. ; 42:5, s. 1014-1032
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the impact of nineteenth-century colonial activities of cash crop farming which altered existing forms of land use from subsistence to capitalist commercial farming. Such modifications had long-term implications for postcolonial development paths by producing and reproducing structures that skew the benefits of commercial farming towards the capitalist agenda at the expense of the welfare of the local population. The article builds on the debates over colonial legacies of agrarian transformation using commercial sugarcane farming in eastern Uganda. Using youth surveys, qualitative tools and document reviews, the authors argue that the detrimental effects of sugarcane farming are a recurrence of capitalism rooted in colonial imperialist policies in Uganda. Through its processes of accumulation by dispossession, colonial-era capitalist systems continue to operate through land seizure for sugarcane farming at the expense of food crops, precipitating food insecurity. It has also pushed the indigenous population into a very vulnerable situation, offering poorly remunerated and extremely exploitative jobs in sugarcane farming. The authors argue that the broader historical context of colonialism is relevant in explaining the contemporary dynamics associated with activities such as commercial farming in postcolonial societies.
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| 19. |
- Orlova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Re-186-maSGS-Z(HER2:342), a potential Affibody conjugate for systemic therapy of HER2-expressing tumours
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 37:2, s. 260-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules are a novel class of tumour-targeting proteins, which combine small size (7 kDa) and picomolar affinities. The Affibody molecule Z(HER2:342) has been suggested for imaging of HER2 expression in order to select patients for trastuzumab therapy. When optimizing chelators for Tc-99m-labelling, we have found that synthetic Z(HER2:342) conjugated with mercaptoacetyl-glycyl-glycyl-glycyl (maGGG) and mercaptoacetyl-glycyl-seryl-glycyl (maGSG) chelators provides relatively low renal uptake of radioactivity and could be suitable for therapy. maGGG-Z(HER2:342) and maGSG-Z(HER2:342) were labelled with Re-186 and their biodistribution was studied in normal mice. Dosimetric evaluation and tumour targeting to HER2-overexpressed xenografts (SKOV-3) by Re-186-maGSG-Z(HER2:342) were studied. Gluconate-mediated labelling of maGGG-Z(HER2:342) and maGSG-Z(HER2:342) with Re-186 provided a yield of more than 95% within 60 min. The conjugates were stable and demonstrated specific binding to HER2-expressing SKOV-3 cells. Biodistribution in normal mice demonstrated rapid blood clearance, low accumulation of radioactivity in the kidney and other organs, accumulating free perrhenate. Both Re-186-maGGG-Z(HER2:342) and Re-186-maGSG-Z(HER2:342) demonstrated lower renal uptake than their Tc-99m-labelled counterparts. Re-186-maGSG-Z(HER2:342) provided the lowest uptake in healthy tissues. Biodistribution of Re-186-maGSG-Z(HER2:342) in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts showed specific targeting of tumours. Tumour uptake 24 h after injection (5.84 +/- 0.54%ID/g) exceeded the concentration in blood by more than 500-fold, and uptake in kidneys by about 8-fold. Preliminary dosimetric evaluation showed that dose-to-tumour should exceed dose-to-kidney by approximately 5-fold. Optimization of chelators improves biodistribution properties of rhenium-labelled small scaffold proteins and enables selection of promising radiotherapeutic agents based on the Affibody molecule.
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| 20. |
- Strid, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Food loss in Sweden : National follow-up methods for increased knowledge about losses and resources in food production
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a lack of knowledge about the quantities and causes of food loss and waste, especially in the early stages of the food chain. The studies that have been performed show significant losses already in the primary production, which leads to economic losses for producers and unnecessary environmental and climate impact. Not all food loss can be avoided, but being aware of and optimizing the flows of food production contribute to a more robust food chain. When work and resources have been used to produce the quality that consumers demand, it is more resource efficient that raw materials and products reach the consumer and are consumed. By-products from the food industry can also, with additional processing or handling, to a greater extent be utilized in food products alternatively be used as feed instead of becoming waste.
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| 21. |
- Strid, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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Livsmedelsförluster i Sverige : metoder för ökad kunskap om livsmedelsproduktionens förluster och resurser
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det saknas kunskap om mängder och orsaker till matsvinn, framförallt om förlusterna tidigt i livsmedelskedjan. De studier som finns visar på betydande förluster redan i primärproduktionen vilket leder till ekonomiska förluster för producenter och onödig miljö- och klimatpåverkan. Alla förluster går inte att undvika men att känna till och optimera matproduktionens flöden bidrar till en mer robust livsmedelskedja. När arbete och resurser har använts för att producera den kvalitet som konsumenterna efterfrågar är det mest resurseffektivt att råvaror och produkter når fram till konsumenten och äts upp. Biprodukter från livsmedelsindustrin kan också med annan förädling eller hantering i högre utsträckning ingå i livsmedelsprodukter alternativt utnyttjas som foder istället för att bli avfall.
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