| 1. |
- Bengtsson, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone races of Cydia splendana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) overlap in host plant association and geographic distribution
- 2014
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-701X. ; 2, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Identification of the sex pheromone of Cydia splendana (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) bypheromone gland analysis followed by field trapping with synthetic compounds showsthe occurrence of two pheromone races. Acorn moth females from Sweden, whereoak Quercus robur is the only host plant, use a blend of the E,Z and E,E isomers of8,10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate. In Central and Southern Europe, where C. splendana feedson chestnut Castanea sativa and several species of oak, males respond to another isomerblend, E,E and Z,E. The distribution of the two pheromone races of C. splendana overlapsin Northern France, where they share oak as plant host. Differences in sex communicationsignals between these populations of C. splendana corroborate the role of specific materecognition in speciation events.
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| 2. |
- Benlloch, Jose M., et al.
(författare)
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The MINDVIEW project : First results
- 2018
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Ingår i: European psychiatry. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 0924-9338 .- 1778-3585. ; 50, s. 21-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from 11C-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. It has been shown that 11C-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naïve, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia.
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| 3. |
- Braniste, Viorica, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 6:263, s. 263ra158-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pivotal to brain development and function is an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a gatekeeper to control the passage and exchange of molecules and nutrients between the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. The BBB also ensures homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). We report that germ-free mice, beginning with intrauterine life, displayed increased BBB permeability compared to pathogen-free mice with a normal gut flora. The increased BBB permeability was maintained in germ-free mice after birth and during adulthood and was associated with reduced expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5, which are known to regulate barrier function in endothelial tissues. Exposure of germ-free adult mice to a pathogen-free gut microbiota decreased BBB permeability and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins. Our results suggest that gut microbiota-BBB communication is initiated during gestation and propagated throughout life.
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| 4. |
- Gonzalez, Francisco, et al.
(författare)
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Odorant receptor phylogeny confirms conserved channels for sex pheromone and host plant signals in tortricid moths
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 10:14, s. 7334-7348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The search for mates and food is mediated by volatile chemicals. Insects sense food odorants and sex pheromones through odorant receptors (ORs) and pheromone receptors (PRs), which are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons. Molecular phylogenetics of ORs, informed by behavioral and functional data, generates sound hypotheses for the identification of semiochemicals driving olfactory behavior. Studying orthologous receptors and their ligands across taxa affords insights into the role of chemical communication in reproductive isolation and phylogenetic divergence. The female sex pheromone of green budworm mothHedya nubiferana(Lepidoptera, Totricidae) is a blend of two unsaturated acetates, only a blend of both elicits male attraction. Females produce in addition codlemone, which is the sex pheromone of another tortricid, codling mothCydia pomonella. Codlemone also attracts green budworm moth males. Concomitantly, green budworm and codling moth males are attracted to the host plant volatile pear ester. A congruent behavioral response to the same pheromone and plant volatile in two tortricid species suggests co-occurrence of dedicated olfactory channels. In codling moth, one PR is tuned to both compounds, the sex pheromone codlemone and the plant volatile pear ester. Our phylogenetic analysis finds that green budworm moth expresses an orthologous PR gene. Shared ancestry, and high levels of amino acid identity and sequence similarity, in codling and green budworm moth PRs offer an explanation for parallel attraction of both species to the same compounds. A conserved olfactory channel for a sex pheromone and a host plant volatile substantiates the alliance of social and habitat signals in insect chemical communication. Field attraction assays confirm that in silico investigations of ORs afford powerful predictions for an efficient identification of behavior-modifying semiochemicals, for an improved understanding of the mechanisms of host plant attraction in insect herbivores and for the further development of sustainable insect control.
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| 5. |
- Hansson, Bill S., et al.
(författare)
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Electrophysiological and chemical analysis of sex pheromone communication system of the mottled umber, Erannis defoliaria (Lepidoptera : Geometridae)
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 16:6, s. 1887-1897
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-nonadecatriene (Z3, Z6, Z9-19Hy) and (Z,Z)-3,9-cis-6,7-epoxy-nonadecadiene (Z3, Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy) were identified in pheromone gland extracts from female Erannis defoliaria. The two components were found in a 1:3 ratio, with the main component, Z3, Z9-cis-6,7-epo-19Hy present at an amount of about 1.5 ng per female. The components were identified by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas chromatography-electroantennography and gas chromatography-single sensillum recordings. Single sensillum measurements on the male antenna showed two physiological types of sensilla. One type was characterized by a large spike amplitude cell responding to Z3, Z9-cis-6,7-epoxy-19Hy and a small spike amplitude cell responding to Z3, Z6, Z9-19Hy. A second type responded only with a large spike amplitude cell to the epoxide, and this cell was inhibited by the triene. Of the two pheromone components, the epoxide gave the higher response in the EAG tests. Preliminary field tests support the identification of the pheromone components. The epoxide was also found to be present in the extract of the pheromone gland of Colotois pennaria, and males of C. pennaria and Agriopis marginaria were trapped by the mixture of the identified compounds.
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Bill S., et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone variation among eastern European and a western Asian population of the turnip moth Agrotis segetum
- 1990
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 16:5, s. 1611-1622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The female sex pheromone composition and the male electro-physiological response with respect to the three main sex pheromone components, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate, (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, were investigated in populations of Agrotis segetum from Armenia and Bulgaria. The percentage composition of the female-produced pheromone was 1:52:47 and 1:42:57 for the respective populations. Corresponding male receptor frequencies were 9:90:1 and 6:92:2. EAG response profiles of the male antennae were similar for the two populations. The populations from Armenia and Bulgaria differed from the earlier investigated French and Swedish populations, which have larger amounts of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate in gland extracts and have a majority of (Z)-5-decenyl acetate-sensitive receptors. Investigation of receptor frequencies on antennae of male Hungarian moths showed that individuals could be classified as either Swedish or Armenian/Bulgarian type. Males of the Swedish type were preferentially attracted to the three-component pheromone blend, whereas blends of (Z)-7-dodecenyl and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and (Z)-7-dodecenol [pure or in mixture with (Z)-5-decenol] attracted the Armenian/Bulgarian type. The nature of pheromone variation among European and Asian populations of the turnip moth and possible mechanisms maintaining the variation are discussed.
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| 7. |
- Isand, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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High prevalence of venous thrombotic events in Cushing's syndrome: data from ERCUSYN and details in relation to surgery.
- 2024
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - 0804-4643 .- 1479-683X. ; 190:1, s. 75-85
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients included in the European Registry on Cushing's syndrome (ERCUSYN), compare their clinical characteristics with those who did not develop VTE and identify risk factors for VTE.A retrospective observational cohort study.Data extraction from the registry was taken on February, 7, 2022. At the time there were 2174 patients diagnosed with Cushing's syndrome (CS) and 95 VTEs were reported in the database.Of 95 VTE events 70 (74%) were in pituitary-dependent CS patients, 12 (12.5%) in adrenal-dependant CS, 10 (10.5%) in ectopic CS, and 3 (3%) in CS due to other causes. Sex, 24-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) value at diagnosis, as well as the number of operations remained statistically significant predictors of VTE. Of patients who were treated with at least one surgery, 12 (13%) VTE occurred before and 80 (87%) after the surgery. Nearly half of these VTEs occurred within six months since the operation (36; 45%). Over half of the centers that reported VTE did not routinely anticoagulate CS patients. Anticoagulation schemes varied widely.Patients with CS have an elevated risk of developing VTE for an extended period of time. From ERCUSYN cohort patients have higher risk for VTE if they need multiple surgeries to treat CS, are males and have high UFC values at the diagnosis of CS. Since there is no agreement on thromboprohpylaxis, a protocol for VTE prevention that is widely adopted appears to be necessary for patients with CS.
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| 8. |
- Kondrashov, Mikhail, et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Applications of a Novel Biarsenical Imaging Probe in Fluorescence and PET Imaging of Melanoma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 32:3, s. 497-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new fluorescent biarsenical peptide labeling probe was synthesized and labeled with the radioactive isotopes C-11 and F-18. The utility of this probe was demonstrated by installing each of these isotopes into a melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) binding peptide, which targets melanoma tumors. Its applicability was further showcased by subsequent in vitro imaging in cells as well as in vivo imaging in melanoma xenograft mice by fluorescence and positron emission tomography.
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| 9. |
- Krasikova, Raisa, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of 6-[18F]Fluorine-α-methyl-l-tryptophan, a Novel PET Tracer for Measuring Tryptophan Uptake
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Neuroscience. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7193. ; 11:12, s. 1756-1761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan ([11C]AMT) has been used to assess tryptophan metabolism in cancer, epilepsy, migraine, and autism. Despite its extensive application, the utility of this tracer is currently hampered by the short half-life of the radionuclide used for its labeling (11C, t1/2 = 20.4 min). We herein report the design, synthesis, radiolabeling, and initial in vivo evaluation of a fluorine-18 (18F, t 1/2 = 109.7 min) labeled analogue that is fluorinated in the 6-position of the aromatic ring ([18F]6-F-AMTr). In a head-to-head comparison between [18F]6-F-AMTr and [11C]AMT in mice using PET, peak brain radioactivity, regional brain distribution, and kinetic profiles were similar between the two tracers. [18F]6-F-AMTr was however not a substrate for IDO1 or TPH as determined in in vitro enzymatic assays. The brain uptake of the tracer is thus more likely related to LAT1 transport over the blood-brain barrier than metabolism along the serotonin or kynurenine pathways.
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| 10. |
- Löfstedt, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromone differences between sibling taxa Diachrysia chrysitis (linnaeus, 1758) and D. tutti (Kostrowicki, 1961) (Lepidoptera Noctuidae)
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 20:1, s. 91-109
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The noctuid sibling taxa Diachrysia chrysitis s. str. and D. tutti, of yet uncertain taxonomic status, have previously been shown to possess differences in morphology and to be attracted to different mixtures of the two presumed pheromone components (Z)-5-decenyl acetate and (Z)-7-decenyl acetate. Typical D. tutti males (clearly broken forewing marking) are known to respond to a 2: 100 mixture of the two isomers, whereas D. chrysitis males (unbroken marking) are attracted to a 100: 10 mixture. We investigated female pheromone production and male electroantennographic (EAG) response in Diachrysia families raised in the laboratory from field-collected gravid females. Extracts of individual females from typical D. tutti and D. chrysitis families were subjected to gas chromatography with simultaneous flame ionization and electroantennographic detection. All females produced mixtures of Z5- and Z7-10:OAc, but female D. chrysitis produced predominantly Z5-10:OAc and the antennae of their brothers responded more strongly to the Z5 peak than to the Z7-10:OAc peak, whereas the opposite was true for D. tutti families. The pheromone components were shown to be biosynthesized from hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acid, respectively by Z11-desaturation followed by chain shortening, reduction, and acetylation. The EAG responses of males trapped with the typical D. tutti and D. chrysitis blends, as well as with an intermediate blend, were investigated. Males trapped with the D. tutti mixture almost exclusively had a clearly broken wing marking and showed strongest EAG response to Z7-10:OAc. The intermediate blend and the D. chrysitis mixture gave more mixed catches, but with a prevalence of males with an unbroken (or almost unbroken) wing marking and with a higher mean response to Z5-10:OAc. Some males with typical D. tutti EAG responses were attracted in the field to the D. chrysitis pheromone. In the flight tunnel some D. chrysitis males were attracted also to the D. tutti mixture. This indicates that cross attraction may take place between the two taxa under natural conditions.
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| 11. |
- Molnár, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Untargeted metabolomic analyses support the main phylogenetic groups of the common plant-associated Alternaria fungi isolated from grapevine (Vitis vinifera)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alternaria, a cosmopolitan fungal genus is a dominant member of the grapevine (Vitis vinifera) microbiome. Several Alternaria species are known to produce a variety of secondary metabolites, which are particularly relevant to plant protection and food safety in field crops. According to previous findings, the majority of Alternaria species inhabiting grapevine belong to Alternaria sect. Alternaria. However, the phylogenetic diversity and secondary metabolite production of the distinct Alternaria species has remained unclear. In this study, our aim was to examine the genetic and metabolic diversity of endophytic Alternaria isolates associated with the above-ground tissues of the grapevine. Altogether, 270 Alternaria isolates were collected from asymptomatic leaves and grape clusters of different grapevine varieties in the Eger wine region of Hungary. After analyses of the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) sequences, 170 isolates were chosen for further analyses. Sequences of the Alternaria major allergen gene (Alt a 1), endopolygalacturonase (endoPG), OPA10-2, and KOG1058 were also included in the phylogenetic analyses. Identification of secondary metabolites and metabolite profiling of the isolates were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HR-MS/MS). The multilocus phylogeny results revealed two distinct groups in grapevine, namely A. alternata and the A. arborescens species complex (AASC). Eight main metabolites were identified in all collected Alternaria isolates, regardless of their affiliation to the species and lineages. Multivariate analyses of untargeted metabolites found no clear separations; however, a partial least squares-discriminant analysis model was able to successfully discriminate between the metabolic datasets from isolates belonging to the AASC and A. alternata. By conducting univariate analysis based on the discriminant ability of the metabolites, we also identified several features exhibiting large and significant variation between A. alternata and the AASC. The separation of these groups may suggest functional differences, which may also play a role in the functioning of the plant microbiome.
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| 12. |
- Párniczky, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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EPC/HPSG evidence-based guidelines for the management of pediatric pancreatitis.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Pancreatology (Print). - : Elsevier BV. - 1424-3903 .- 1424-3911. ; 18:2, s. 146-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Pediatric pancreatitis is an underdiagnosed disease with variable etiology. In the past 10-15 years the incidence of pediatric pancreatitis has increased, it is now 3.6-13.3 cases per 100,000 children. Up-to-date evidence based management guidelines are lacking for the pediatric pancreatitis. The European Pancreatic Club, in collaboration with the Hungarian Pancreatic Study Group organized a consensus guideline meeting on the diagnosis and management of pancreatitis in the pediatric population.METHODS: Pediatric Pancreatitis was divided into three main clinical categories: acute pancreatitis, acute recurrent pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Fifteen relevant topics (acute pancreatitis: diagnosis; etiology; prognosis; imaging; complications; therapy; biliary tract management; acute recurrent pancreatitis: diagnosis; chronic pancreatitis: diagnosis, etiology, treatment, imaging, intervention, pain, complications; enzyme replacement) were defined. Ten experts from the USA and Europe reviewed and summarized the available literature. Evidence was classified according to the GRADE classification system.RESULTS: Within fifteen topics, forty-seven relevant clinical questions were defined. The draft of the updated guideline was presented and discussed at the consensus meeting held during the 49th Meeting of European Pancreatic Club, in Budapest, on July 1, 2017.CONCLUSIONS: These evidence-based guidelines provides the current state of the art of the diagnosis and management of pediatric pancreatitis.
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| 13. |
- Tóth, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Attraction of male turnip moths Agrotis segetum (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) to sex pheromone components and their mixtures at 11 sites in Europe, Asia, and Africa
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Ecology. - 0098-0331. ; 18:8, s. 1337-1347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Selected combinations of (Z)-5-decenyl, (Z)-7-dodecenyl, and (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetates, the pheromone components of the turnip moth AgrotisSegetum were tested for field attractancy at six, two, and three sites in Europe, Asia, and Africa, respectively. At all of the sites in Eurasia and in northern Africa the ternary mixture of the acetates captured most males, while at the sites south of the Sahara in Africa, (Z)-5-decenyl acetate alone was responsible for attraction. Differences in male attraction among the populations studied confirm the existence of significant population variation in the pheromone of A. segetum. Interpretation of the present results together with earlier studies suggests that this variation is more or less continuous in Eurasia and north Africa, while a clearly distinct pheromone type is present in the areas south of the Sahara desert.
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| 14. |
- Tóth, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Epoxyheptadecadienes Identified as Sex Pheromone Components of Tephrina arenacearia Hbn. (Lepidoptera Geometridae)
- 1991
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075. ; 46:3-4, s. 257-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Z, Z)-3, 9-cis-6, 7-Epoxyheptadecadiene, and (Z, Z)-6, 9-cis-3, 4-epoxyheptadecadiene were identified by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection-electroantennographic detection (GC/FID-EAD) and coupled gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) from abdominal tip extracts of Tephrina arenacearia (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), an alfalfa pest. In gas chromatography/flame ionization—single sensillum detection (GC/FID-SC) analyses, specific olfactory receptor cells were found for (Z, Z)-6, 9-cis-3, 4-epoxyheptadecadiene, and tricosane. Synthetic samples of racemic (Z, Z)-6, 9-cis-3, 4-epoxyheptadecadiene attracted large numbers of male T. arenacearia into traps. Best catches were observed at 100–1000 μg dosages. The addition of (Z, Z,Z)-3, 6,9-heptadecatriene did not influence catches. (Z, Z,Z)-3, 6,9-Heptadecatriene and (Z, Z)-6, 9-cis-3, 4-epoxyheptadecadiene were also identified in the pheromone gland extract of Chiasma clathrata, another geometrid pest of alfalfa.
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| 15. |
- Tóth, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of four components from the female sex pheromone of the lima‐bean pod borer, Etiella zinckenella
- 1989
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 51:2, s. 107-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four compounds, tetradecyl acetate, (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate, (E)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate were identified from female sex pheromone extracts of Hungarian and Egyptian lima‐bean pod borers (Etiella zinckenella Tr., Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) by gas chromatography with flame ionization (FID) and electroantennographic (EAD) detection. In EAG studies these monounsaturated acetates gave the best responses in a series of other tetradecenyl acetates and tetradecenols. The four component blend of the identified components in similar ratios as in the pheromone extract attracted significant numbers of male lima‐bean pod borers in both Hungary and Egypt. In a preliminary subtraction test best capture was achieved by the ternary mixture of the monounsaturated acetates. Identification de quatre constituants de la phéromone des femelles d'Etiella zinckenella A partir de femelles d'E. zinckenella d'origines hongroise et égyptienne, nous avons isolé quatre composés par chromatographic en phase gazeuse avec ionisation de flamme et électroantennographie (EAD): l'acétate de tétradécanyl, l'acétate (Z)‐11‐tétradécényl, l'acétate (E)‐11‐tétradécényl et l'acétate (Z)‐11‐tétradécényl. Les acétates monoinsaturés donnent les meilleures réponses en EAG parmi une série d'acétates tétradécényls et de tétradécénols. Les quatre composés mélangés dans les mêmes proportions que dans l'extrait de la phéromone ont attiré un nombre significatif de mâles tant en Egypte qu'en Hongrie. Dans un test préliminaire de soustraction, la meilleure capture a été réalisée par le mélange ternaire d'acétates monoinsaturés. 1989 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 16. |
- Tóth, Miklós
(författare)
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Methodological developments in small animal PET neuroimaging
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Positron emission tomography (PET) is a nuclear imaging technique using a multidisciplinary approach to functionally visualize processes in the brain or other living tissue. It is capable to determine the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a molecule in the CNS, with a low risk of side effects on the subject. This is executed through injection of a radioactively labeled substance into the subject and detection of released gamma photons after radioactive decay of the molecule in the target organ or tissue. Based on these detections, it is possible to reconstruct the distribution of radioligand in the living tissue into an image representing the physiology of the subject. The present thesis focuses on the methodological development of PET imaging in small animal research and on the support for connecting basic research to human health-related clinical applications in neuroscience. The work underlying this thesis work is divided into three sections. Section 1 consists of the validation of a new PET/MRI small animal imaging system. Since the combination of an MRI magnet with a conventional PET ring could influence the performance of PET measurements, a combined system should be implemented with special care. The results of Study I showed that the combination of PET and MRI components did not affect the performance of the final system and it is capable to effectively conduct consecutive multimodal imaging with functional images from PET and anatomical information of soft tissue. After the validation of the PET system used in this thesis work for imaging, in Section 2 different methodological challenges are presented. Study II focuses on the transporter activity of the blood-brain barrier to highlight the necessity of proper animal model selection while designing pre-clinical PET studies, while in Study III we offer a solution for longitudinal [11C]PBR28 imaging with the validation of SUV as an outcome measure in rodents studies, where blood sampling is a difficult task. Within Section 3 a new animal model and a novel ligand is presented. The previously validated SUV approach from Study III is applied in Study IV during the longitudinal follow-up of the M2CAO stroke rat model to measure changes in the TSPO signal as a mark of neuroinflammation after cortical ischemia. In Study V a knockout animal model was used to validate the novel radioligand [11C]T-773, which was confirmed to bind selectively to the PDE10A enzyme and its distribution and uptake proves its suitability in small animal research. In conclusion the thesis focuses on the development of novel methodological platforms for small animal imaging PET with the aim to provide advancements in the field of translational neuroscience.
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| 17. |
- Tóth, Miklos, et al.
(författare)
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Pheromonal Production of and Response to Optically Active Epoxydienes in Some Ceometrid Moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)
- 1994
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Ingår i: Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung - Section C Journal of Biosciences. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0939-5075. ; 49:7-8, s. 516-521
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In, pheromone extracts of calling female Chiasma clathrata, L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), a defoliator pest of alfalfa, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9–heptadecatriene and (Z,Z)-6,9–cis-3,4–epoxyhepta-decadiene was identified. Chiral gas chromatography using a modified cyclodextrin and synthetic reference samples proved the natural epoxide to show (3 R.4 S)-configuration. In field trapping tests, only the pure (3/R,4S)-enantiomer of the epoxide attracted males. The addition of the triene component was synergistic. Males of the sympatric species Tephrina arenaceciria Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) were caught only in traps with baits containing the (3S,4R)-enantiomer [together with a previously described minor component, (Z,Z)-3,9–cis-6,7–epoxyheptadecadiene], In trapping tests conducted iNADifferent biotope Abraxas grossu-lariata, L. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) males were attracted by the (3S,4R)-enantiomer, whereas the (3/L4S)-enantiomer attracted a close relative. Abraxas sylvata Scop. (Lepidoptera: Geometridae). The present results suggest that one of the key mechanisms responsible for pheromone specificity among both the two alfalfa geometrids and the two Abraxas species in their respective biotops, may be the use of different enantiomers of the same polyene-derived epoxide as a sex pheromone component. It is probable that this discrimination mechanism is widespread among moth species utilizing epoxide pheromone components.
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| 18. |
- Tóth, Miklós, et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromone components of Mamestra suasa : chemical analysis, electrophysiological activity, wind tunnel activity and field tests in two European countries
- 1986
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Ingår i: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. - : Wiley. - 0013-8703. ; 42:3, s. 291-299
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- (Z)‐11‐hexadecenyl acetate (Z‐11–16:Ac), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenal (Z‐11–16:Ald), (Z)‐11‐hexadecenol (Z‐11–16:OH) and hexadecanyl acetate (16:Ac) were found in pheromone gland extracts of female Mamestra suasa (Den. et Schiff.) in the relative amounts 100/2/10/5. All four compounds were also present in collections of airborne volatiles from calling females in a 100/7/5/5 ratio. No traces of 14 carbon aldehydes or acetates were detected. In gland extracts the presence of methyl hexadecanoate, methyl (Z)‐9‐hexadecenoate and methyl (Z)‐11‐hexadecenoate was demonstrated by base methanolysis. No methyl tetradecenoates were detected. In EAG tests Z‐11–16:Ac gave the best responses, followed by (Z)‐9‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z‐9–14:Ac), Z‐11–16:Ald and Z‐11–16:OH. In single sensillum recordings large spike amplitude cells in sensilla responded to Z‐11–16:Ac, while small spike amplitude cells to both Z‐11–16:OH and Z‐9–14:Ac. Cells responding to Z‐11–16:Ald were found in one out of 60 sensilla tested. In wind tunnel tests 0.1 μg of a 10:1 blend of Z‐11–16:Ac/Z‐11–16:Ald evoked the same responses and at a similar intensity as 3 isolated female pheromone glands did. In field tests a 10:1 blend of Z‐11–16:Ac/Z‐11–16:Ald caught significant numbers of males in both Bulgaria and Hungary. The addition of 16:Ac to the binary blend did not have any effect, while more than 1% of Z‐11–16:OH or 0.1170 of Z‐9–14:Ac dramatically decreased captures. In comparing different ratios of the acetate/aldehyde blend at different dose levels, best catches were recorded at the 10:1 ratio and at the highest (1000 μg) dose level. La composition de la phéromone sexuelle de Mamestra suasa***: analyse chimique, étude de l'effet par éléctrophysiologie et à la chambre de vol, et piégeages dans deux pays de l'Europe On a trouvé l'acetoxy‐1 hexadécene‐11 Z (Z‐11–16:Ac), le hexadécene‐11 Z al‐1 (Z‐11–16:Ald), le hexadécene‐11 Z ol‐1 (Z‐11–16:OH) et l'acetoxy‐1 hexadécene (16:Ac) dans des extraits de glandes phéromona les des femelles de Mamestra suasa. La proportion relative des composés était 100/2/10/5. Tous les quatre composés ont été présents aussi dans les collections d'émanations des femelles en stade d'appel, dans la proportion un peu différente de 100/7/5/5. On n'a détecté aucune trace des tétradécenes al‐1 ou d'acetoxy‐1 tétradécenes. On a démontré la présence de hexadécenoate‐1 methyl, hexadécene‐9 Z oate‐1 methyl et héxadécene‐11 Z oate‐1 methyl dans des extraits des glandes, par la méthode de ‘base methanolysis’. On n'a trouvé pas des tétradéceneoates methyl. En éléctroantennographie, Z‐11–16:Ac a donné les meilleurs réponses, suivis par l'acetoxy‐1 tétradécene‐9 Z (Z‐9–14:Ac), Z‐11–16:Ald et Z‐11–16:OH. Dans des études de ‘single sensillum’ les cellules à amplitude grande ont répondu à la stimulation avec de Z‐11–16:Ac, cependant les cellules à amplitude petite ont répondu à la stimulation avec des deux composés Z‐9–14:Ac et Z‐11–16:OH. On a trouvé des cellules sensitives à Z‐11–16:Ald dans 1 entre 60 sensilla étudiés. Á la chambre de vol, le dose de 0.1 μg d'un mélange de 10:1 de Z‐11–16:Ac/Z‐11–16:Ald a provoqué les mêmes réponses et à l'intensité pareille comme 3 glandes phéromonales isolées des femelles. En piégeages sur le champs des males en quantité importante ont été capturé par un mélange de 10:1 de Z‐11–16:Ac/Z‐11–16:Ald en Bulgarie et Hongrie. L'addition de 16:Ac au mélange binaire n'avait aucun effet, cependant l'addition de plus de 1% de Z‐11–16:OH ou 0.1% de Z‐9–14:Ac a sérieusement diminué les captûres. En comparant des proportions différentes du mélange de l'acetoxy/aldéhyde dans des doses différentes, on a observé les meilleurs captûres avec de la proportion 10:1 et à la dose la plus haute (1000 μg). 1986 The Netherlands Entomological Society
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| 19. |
- Witzgall, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Sex pheromones and attractants in the Eucosmini and Grapholitini (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)
- 1996
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Ingår i: Chemoecology. - : Springer. - 0937-7409 .- 1423-0445. ; 7:1, s. 13-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The geometric isomers (E, E)-, (E, Z)-, (Z, E)-, and (Z, Z)-8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate were identified as sex pheromone components or sex attractants in the tribes Eucosmini and Grapholitini of the tortricid subfamily Olethreutinae. Species belonging to the more ancestral Tortricinae were not attracted. Each one isomer was behaviourally active in males of Cydia and Grapholita (Grapholitini), either as main pheromone compound, attraction synergist or attraction inhibitor. Their reciprocal attractive/antagonistic activity in a number of species enables specific communication with these four compounds. Pammene, as well as other Grapholita and Cydia responded to the monoenic 8- or 10-dodecen-1-yl acetates. Of the tribes Olethreutini and Eucosmini, Hedya, Epiblema, Eucosma, and Notocelia trimaculana were also attracted to 8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetates, but several other Notocelia to 10, 12-tetradecadien-1-yl acetates. The female sex pheromones of C. fagiglandana, C. pyrivora, C. splendana, Epiblema foenella and Notocelia roborana were identified. (E, E)- and (E, Z)- 8, 10-dodecadien-1-yl acetate are produced via a common E9 desaturation pathway in C. splendana. Calling C. nigricana and C. fagiglandana females are attracted to wingfanning males.
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