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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Azevedo, Flavio, et al.
(författare)
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Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2052-4463. ; 10:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.
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| 3. |
- Van Bavel, Jay J., et al.
(författare)
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National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic. Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.
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- Gonzalez, Maria Camila, et al.
(författare)
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Cognitive and motor decline in dementia with lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease dementia
- 2023
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Ingår i: Movement Disorders Clinical Practice. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2330-1619. ; 10:6, s. 980-986
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is a need to better understand the rate of cognitive and motor decline of Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Parkinson's disease Dementia (PDD).Objectives: To compare the rate of cognitive and motor decline in patients with DLB and PDD from the E-DLB Consortium and the Parkinson's Incidence Cohorts Collaboration (PICC) Cohorts.Methods: The annual change in MMSE and MDS-UPDRS part III was estimated using linear mixed regression models in patients with at least one follow-up (DLB n = 837 and PDD n = 157).Results: When adjusting for confounders, we found no difference in the annual change in MMSE between DLB and PDD (−1.8 [95% CI −2.3, −1.3] vs. −1.9 [95% CI −2.6, −1.2] [P = 0.74]). MDS-UPDRS part III showed nearly identical annual changes (DLB 4.8 [95% CI 2.1, 7.5]) (PDD 4.8 [95% CI 2.7, 6.9], [P = 0.98]).Conclusions: DLB and PDD showed similar rates of cognitive and motor decline. This is relevant for future clinical trial designs.
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| 5. |
- DeFrancisco, Justin R., et al.
(författare)
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Torsional Bias as a Strategy To Tune Single-triplet Gaps in Organic Diradicals
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:23, s. 12148-12157
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quinoidal compounds with proaromatic structures possess differing degrees of diradical character, where the open-shell diradical resonance form has restored aromaticity throughout the compound. Methods to tune the diradical character of these compounds have traditionally focused on altering the length and the molecular composition of the pi-conjugated backbones. However, other molecular design strategies to tune the singlet-triplet gap of pi-conjugated quinoidal molecules have not been extensively explored. We previously reported a strikingly small energy gap between the quinoidal and diradical states of a quinoidal small molecule containing methano[10]annulene (TMTQ) that was dictated in large part by the unusual aromaticity of the central annulene ring. Here, we report on two alkylated derivatives of TMTQthat present substantially different torsional biases to the planarity of the TMTQ pi-system. Using a combination of electronic and vibrational spectroscopies, magnetic measurements, and quantum chemical calculations, we demonstrate here how a steric effect rather than pi-electron compositional molecular engineering can dramatically narrow the singlet-triplet gap of a quinoidal compound to as small as -0.52 kcal/mol, determined experimentally. This study offers important insight for the continued development of open-shell diradical molecules that need not rely exclusively on the design of synthesis of new and complex conjugated systems.
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| 6. |
- Messersmith, Reid E., et al.
(författare)
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Benzo[b]thiophene Fusion Enhances Local Borepin Aromaticity in Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Organic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-3263 .- 1520-6904. ; 82:24, s. 13440-13448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This report documents the synthesis, characterization, and computational evaluation of two isomeric borepin-containing polycyclic aromatics. The syntheses of these two isomers involved symmetrical disubstituted alkynes that were reduced to Z-olefins followed by borepin formation either through an isolable stannocycle intermediate or directly from the alkene via the trapping of a transient dilithio intermediate. Comparisons of their magnetic, crystallographic, and computational characterization to literature compounds gave valuable insights about the aromaticity of these symmetrically fused [b,f]borepins. The fusion of benzo[b]thiophene units to the central borepin cores forced a high degree of local aromaticity within the borepin moieties relative to other known borepin-based polycyclic aromatics. Each isomer had unique electronic responses in the presence of fluoride anions. The experimental data demonstrate that the local borepin rings in these two compounds have a relatively high amount of aromatic character. Results from quantum chemical calculations provide a more comprehensive understanding of local and global aromatic characters of various rings in fused ring systems built upon boron heterocycles.
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