| 1. |
- Asheim, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction : Combinatorial Knowledge Bases, Regional Innovation, and Development Dynamics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 93:5, s. 429-435
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The special issue zooms in on knowledge dynamics that drive innovation processes and new path development in different regional and sectoral contexts. This investigation rests on the differentiated knowledge base approach, which offers a clear distinction between analytical, synthetic and symbolic types of knowledge and deep insights into their idiosyncrasies. The introduction frames knowledge bases as theoretically discernible and differentiated forms of knowledge creation that are of particular relevance for innovation processes. The knowledge base approach goes beyond sector and regional approaches to innovation and focuses on micro-level dynamics of knowledge creation and knowledge combination within firms, industries and regions. This special issue offers theoretical advances and empirical insights into the causal linkages between such knowledge dynamics, innovation and new path development. It contributes to economic geography in providing an improved understanding of mechanism behind economic growth and development in various sectors and regions as well as to make better sense of the consistent heterogeneity of performance between firms within the same sectors and regions. All this underpins a broad-based innovation policy approach and an active role of policy makers in stimulating novel combinations of differentiated knowledge bases, which shows its roots in the (regional) innovation systems tradition.
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| 2. |
- Asheim, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Sistemas regionales de innovación : Pasado, presente y futuro
- 2019
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Ingår i: Revista Galega de Economia. - : Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. - 1132-2799 .- 2255-5951. ; 28:2, s. 4-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its development in the 1990s, the Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) approach has attracted considerable attention from economic geographers, innovation scholars and policy makers. The RIS approach is well-known in scientific discourse about the uneven geography of innovation and the factors that shape the knowledge generation and innovation capacities of regions. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the emergence of the RIS approach, the current debate as well as future challenges. This paper is structured around four over arching research questions: What are the origins and theoretical foundations of this ap-proach? What has the RIS approach contributed to innovation studies and economic geography? What are the implications for innovation policy? And what are the recent lines of research and key research challenges in the future? We argue that the con-tributions of the RIS approach have been substantial. Nevertheless, the approach has often been applied in a rather static way, more as a heuristic than a coherent theory. The key challenges for current and future research, therefore, are to move towards a more theory-based, dynamic perspective on RIS, dealing with new path development and the transformation of RIS.
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| 3. |
- Asheim, Bjørn, et al.
(författare)
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Smart Specialization as an Innovation-Driven Strategy for Economic Diversification : Examples From Scandinavian Regions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Advances in the Theory and Practice of Smart Specialization. - 9780128041376 - 9780128041598 ; , s. 73-97
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter provides conceptual and empirical foundations for smart specialization, a policy approach of far-reaching importance in the European context. We interpret the very notion as “diversified” specialization into areas of existing or potential competitive advantage, which differentiates a region/nation from others. “Smart” relates to the identification of these areas through a process of entrepreneurial discovery, in which all actors are mobilized to be able to discover domains for securing existing and future competitiveness. Competitive advantage through smart specialization can be promoted in all types of industries but based on the industry-specific modes of innovation and knowledge bases, which is illustrated through case studies in Denmark, Sweden, and Norway. Depending on the preconditions, we find that variegated strategies of smart specialization are pursued, including building the absorptive capacity of DUI-based firms by increasing their research-based competence (introducing analytical knowledge), combining unrelated knowledge bases to move into new related and unrelated industries, combining related knowledge bases to move into unrelated industries, and moving into high value–added niches by introducing symbolic knowledge in traditional sectors.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Baumgartinger-Seiringer, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Reconsidering regional structural conditions for industrial renewal
- 2022
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 56:4, s. 579-591
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article develops a more comprehensive understanding of innovation-based renewal of industries from a structural perspective. Arguably, established perspectives offer rather simplistic views, portraying structures as either enabling or constraining for certain forms of regional industrial change. Inspired by work in organizational institutionalism on ‘institutional infrastructures’, this article focuses on the degree of elaboration and coherence as decisive features of regional structural conditions. Arguably, this conceptual lens allows for a better understanding of the potentials and limitations for industrial change entailed in different structural configurations. Empirically, we investigate renewal processes in traditional automotive regions in Austria and Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Baumgartinger-Seiringer, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a stage model of regional industrial path transformation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 28:2, s. 160-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent debate on innovation-based structural change in Evolutionary Economic Geography is characterised by a strong focus on the rise of new industrial paths. This paper seeks to shift attention and cast light on radical innovation activities occurring within existing paths without necessarily leading to their dissolution. Departing from a systemic perspective of path development we propose a stage model of path transformation. We outline how radical change becomes initiated, reinforced and finally consolidated in established industrial paths. Particular attention is devoted to the ways in which actors–influenced by ‘the past’ and driven by visions and expectations (that is, ‘the future’)–exert agency to stimulate asset modification processes that are assumed to underpin path transformation and the reconfiguration of the wider support structures. The framework is applied to the analysis of the automotive industry in West Sweden, which is currently transforming towards the development of self-driving cars.
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| 8. |
- Fredin, Sabrina
(författare)
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History and geography matter : The cultural dimension of entrepreneurship
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation deals with the rise of new industries through entrepreneurial activities. The aim is to investigate how differences in contexts might encourage or discourage entrepreneurial activities. This contextualization of entrepreneurship enhanced our understanding of when, how and why entrepreneurial activities happen.Entrepreneurship is recognized to be a spatially uneven process and, in addition to previous research that has examined the actions of individual entrepreneurs, we also need to understand the context in which entrepreneurship occurs. We have a good understanding of how structural conditions like industry structure, organization structure and agglomeration effects influence the context, but we know little about how the social dimension of the context is the transmitting medium between structural conditions for entrepreneurship and the decision to act upon identified entrepreneurial opportunities. Following this line of argument, this dissertation is built on the assumption that entrepreneurship is a social phenomenon which gives strong arguments for including local culture in entrepreneurship research.The temporal persistence and the pronounced differences of culture and structural conditions between places reflect path-dependent processes. I therefore use regional path dependence as an interpretative lens to study the contextualization of entrepreneurship in two Swedish cities.Although each context is unique, some generalizations can be drawn from the four individual papers in this dissertation. The first is that industrial legacy leads to the formation of a distinct local culture and that the persistency of this culture influences the subsequent entrepreneurial activities in new local industries. The second is that this persistency of culture suggests that entrepreneurs who are outsiders, geographically or socially, are the driving forces for the emergence of new local industries. Finally, new industry emergence is a result of a combination of exogenous forces and initial local conditions, but it is the entrepreneurial individuals who translate these forces and conditions into entrepreneurial activities.
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| 9. |
- Gong, Huiwen, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging industries : institutions, legitimacy and system-level agency
- 2022
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 56:4, s. 523-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Economic geographers have studied emerging industries in regions from various perspectives, such as life cycle, evolutionary economic geography and systemic approaches. However, so far they have insufficiently conceptualized the effects of institutional structures on new industry emergence. This special issue on ‘Emerging Industries: Institutions, Legitimacy and System Building’ therefore shows recent work that seeks to advance the analysis of emerging industries by drawing on institutional approaches. The present introductory article identifies key characteristics of ‘emerging industries’, establishes a heuristic for the conceptualization of the institutional dynamics in emerging industries, applies it to the special issue papers and outlines a future research agenda.
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| 10. |
- Grillitsch, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Knowledge from Different Sources, Channels and Geographical Scales
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1469-5944 .- 0965-4313. ; 22:11, s. 2305-2325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to examine conceptually and empirically how innovative firms combine knowledge (1) provided by different sources, (2) accessed at different spatial scales and (3) acquired through different channels. We add to the conceptual debate by contrasting and synthesising the perspectives offered on these issues by four key concepts, namely the local buzz and global pipelines argument, the knowledge-base approach, the notions of Science-Technology-Innovation and Doing-Using-Interacting modes of innovation as well as the regional innovation systems concept. The empirical part of the article contains an analysis of knowledge-sourcing activities employed by 181 firms belonging to the Austrian automotive supplier industry. Our findings reveal that it is, indeed, combinations of knowledge sourced from different partners located at different spatial scales and acquired through different channels that are relevant. However, it is particular combinations that dominate while others are negligible. Austrian automotive supplier firms combine knowledge provided by customers with knowledge inputs from a variety of other sources. Most of the combinations involve the European or global levels combined with the regional and/or national level. Finally, firms combine spillovers with a variety of other channels to acquire innovation-relevant knowledge.
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| 11. |
- Grillitsch, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation Policies and New Regional Growth Paths : A Place-Based System Failure Framework
- 2018
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Ingår i: Innovation Policy, Systems and Management. - : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108423830 - 9781108529525 ; , s. 329-358
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fundamental and enduring changes brought about by recurrent economic and financial crises, the digital revolution and ongoing globalisation processes of production and innovation activities are posing major challenges for regional and national economies to renew their industrial structures and develop innovations that break existing development trajectories. This calls for new innovation policy approaches that are well equipped to support transformation processes towards new industrial growth paths. This chapter aims to provide the conceptual underpinnings for such a reorientation of innovation policy. We take an innovation system (IS) perspective and develop a comprehensive place-based system failure framework for an innovation policy design that is suitable to promote structural change in different region-specific contexts.
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| 12. |
- Grillitsch, Markus, et al.
(författare)
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Unrelated knowledge combinations : The unexplored potential for regional industrial path development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1752-1378 .- 1752-1386. ; 11:2, s. 257-274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article engages in a critical discussion of the related variety/regional branching argument and foregrounds a more differentiated perspective on regional industrial path development. It contributes by (i) sharpening the definition of key concepts, namely specialisation and diversity, related and unrelated variety; (ii) discussing their relevance in local and nonlocal spaces; (iii) scrutinizing related variety as the source for regional branching; and (iv) developing a conceptual framework capturing the opportunity space for regional structural change that unveils the relevance of path upgrading, path importation, path branching, path diversification and new path creation as different forms of new path development.
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| 13. |
- Isaksen, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenously Led and Policy-Supported New Path Development in Peripheral Regions : Analytical and Synthetic Routes
- 2017
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0013-0095 .- 1944-8287. ; 93:5, s. 436-457
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to explore how new industrial paths emerge and grow in peripheral regional economies. Current conceptualizations of regional path development are based on experiences from core regions and fail to provide satisfactory theoretical explanations of new path-creating activities in peripheral areas. Our conceptual approach combines the notions of path development and knowledge bases, enabling us to distinguish between an analytic and a synthetic route of path creation. We argue that due emphasis should be given to exogenous sources of new path development and policy actions in order to understand how analytical and synthetic routes unfold in peripheral regions. These factors are still underappreciated in prevailing models of path creation. The article contains an analysis of the emergence and evolution of new industries in two peripheral regions in Norway and Austria: the electronics and software industry in Arendal–Grimstad in southeastern Norway, and the software industry in Mühlviertel in Upper Austria. The two industries have developed differently: through the synthetic route based on the emergence and restructuring of manufacturing firms in Arendal–Grimstad and through the analytical route building on the establishment of research facilities in Mühlviertel. Our analysis suggests that the inflow of new analytical and synthetic knowledge from exogenous sources and various types of policy interventions have been vital in sparking the formation of new industrial paths in both regions. The findings clearly challenge uniform, narrowly conceptualized models of industrial evolution and support recent work that advocates a broader theoretical framework to capture exogenously led and policy-supported path-creation processes.
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| 14. |
- Isaksen, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems and Policy
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319716602 ; , s. 1-19
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional innovation systems (RISs) have received increasing interest from researchers and policy makers over the past three decades. The interest is driven partly by advances in theoretical analyses, partly by empirical studies of well-functioning, successful regional economies, partly by the growing interest in innovation as a source of competitive advantage, and partly by the need for new policies to stimulate job growth and lower regional inequalities. This chapter presents the approach of the book to further improve regional innovation studies. The chapter introduces the content of the three parts of the book; (i) theoretical advances on RIS research, (ii) empirical cases of RIS development, and (iii) discussion of regional innovation policy approaches. The chapter summarises main results from existing work within these three parts and points to how the book explores new avenues for research on RISs and sheds light on issues that have thus far received little attention.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Karlsson, Charlie, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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ICT and Regional Economic Dynamics : A Literature Review
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The objective of this report is to review the relevant theoretical and empirical literature to provide a conceptual and methodological background for the analysis of the consequences of ICT use and globalisation on the regional economies in the European Union. We highlight the key aspects of ICT as a general purpose technology, discuss the economic impacts of ICT diffusion from macro and micro perspectives, and examine the spatial consequences of ICT diffusion. We focus on regional innovation systems and globalisation in order to propose an organizing framework for the analysis of the impact of ICT diffusion on regional development.
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| 17. |
- Lawton Smith, Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Policies for New Path Development : The Case of Oxfordshire
- 2018
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Ingår i: New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319716602 - 9783319716619 ; , s. 295-314
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter reflects on how evolutionary economic geography (EEG) can be extended to incorporate public policy in its explanations of path development. A weakness of EEG is the poor conceptualisation of the role of the state (central, regional, local) in regional path development. It is therefore argued that a multi-scalar perspective of policy is required and that a large set of policies deserve attention. Oxfordshire in the UK is used to explore the link between public policy and path development. © Springer International Publishing AG 2018. All rights reserved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Distance, proximity and types of cross-border innovation systems: A conceptual analysis
- 2013
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 47:3, s. 450-460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Due to a lack of both theoretical and systematic empirical work, innovation-driven integration processes in cross-border areas are still poorly understood. Departing from the regional innovation system (RIS) approach, recent work on different forms of proximity, and the literature on cross-border areas, this paper seeks to identify in a conceptual way different stages in the development of cross-border innovation systems and to highlight the main characteristics and barriers characterizing each phase. The conceptual model proposed in this paper can serve as a useful framework, guiding more systematic and comparative empirical work on cross-border innovation systems in different regional and national contexts.
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| 20. |
- Lundquist, Karl-Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Policy option for constructing cross-border innovation regions
- 2011
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper deals with policy options for constructing cross-border innovation systems. Trans-frontier cooperation and policies to stimulate increased interaction between neighbouring regions that belong to different nation states are not new phenomena. There is a large body of work on the governance structures of such areas and the array of public policies geared towards promoting increased economic integration. Little has been said so far, however, about the nature of policies that could stimulate the innovation dynamics of cross-border regions. This issue is critically important, because in the contemporary era of the globalizing knowledge economy the competitiveness of these regions will – at least in the long run – depend on their capacity to develop a common innovation system. Arguably, cross-border regions differ markedly in their preconditions and abilities to create such systems. Recent research has enhanced our understanding of different types (or stages) of cross-border RIS and the role played by suboptimal levels of distance – including physical, cognitive, functional and institutional ones – as barriers to the flow of knowledge across borders. What remain less understood are the policy implications that result from these insights. The paper intends to shed some light on the role of policy in constructing a cross-border RIS by addressing the following research questions. Do suboptimal levels of distance constitute rationales for innovation policy and demand specific policy actions? What are adequate policy strategies for different stages of cross-border RIS development?
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| 21. |
- Maier, Gunther, et al.
(författare)
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Location/allocation of regional growth
- 2009
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Ingår i: Handbook Of Regional Growth And Development Theories. - 978 1 84720 506 3 - 978 1 84980 084 6 - 978 1 84844 598 7 ; , s. 53-65
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 22. |
- Martin, Roman, et al.
(författare)
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System Failures, Knowledge Bases and Regional Innovation Policies
- 2014
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Ingår i: disP - The Planning Review. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0251-3625 .- 2166-8604. ; 50:1, s. 24-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Regional innovation strategies rank at the top of public policy agendas today. There is a widespread consensus in both academic and policy circles that standardized "best practice" innovation policy models suffer from severe limitations and major shortcomings. The recent literature is replete with claims that regional innovation policies should be place-based and context-sensitive, taking into consideration the specificities of regions and their distinctive preconditions and capacities for innovation. Various conceptual approaches and theories support such a view. This paper discusses two concepts that have a particularly strong potential for informing customized regional innovation policies: the regional innovation system (RIS) approach and the knowledge base concept. The RIS literature highlights the importance of the organizational and institutional setting of a region and suggests that system deficiencies or failures should constitute the starting point for designing regional innovation policies. The differentiated knowledge base approach stresses that regional industries can differ strongly in their underlying knowledge bases and, as a consequence, in their policy needs. We elaborate on the policy implications that originate from these concepts and argue that tailor-made regional innovation policies should consider both region-specific institutional set-ups and knowledge bases. Focusing on peripheral regions, we outline how such an integrated framework can inform customized regional innovation policies.
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| 23. |
- Martin, Roman, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of the ICT cluster in southern Sweden – regional innovation systems, knowledge bases and policy actions
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3684 .- 1468-0467. ; 99:3, s. 268-283
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper deals with the evolution of the ICT cluster in southern Sweden. It forges a link between the literatures on cluster development and regional innovation systems (RISs), and explores both conceptually and empirically how cluster evolution is shaped by regional context conditions, including changes in the policy support structure and the knowledge base configuration of the RIS. We use qualitative research methods and descriptive statistics to analyse the development and transformation of the ICT cluster. Cluster emergence was enabled by strong analytical and synthetic knowledge bases in the region. The global crisis and changing geography of the ICT industry triggered a transformation of the cluster towards a new growth path with stronger symbolic components. Cluster transformation was facilitated by policy actions that promoted a diversification of knowledge bases in the region. The strategy was to combine existing competences in ICT with new competences in media and design, and to develop new activities around the theme of New Media, which integrates analytical, synthetic and symbolic knowledge. We show that the endowment of the RIS of a variety of knowledge bases and their combination has essentially supported long-term cluster development and transformation.
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| 24. |
- Miörner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Creating institutional preconditions for knowledge flows in cross-border regions
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environment and Planning C. - London : Sage Publications. - 2399-6544 .- 2399-6552. ; 36:2, s. 201-218
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, we have witnessed an intensive scholarly discussion about the limitations of traditional inward looking regional innovation strategies. New policy approaches put more emphasis on promoting the external connectedness of regions. However, the institutional preconditions for collaboration across borders have received little attention so far. The aim of this paper is to investigate both conceptually and empirically how policy network organizations can target the institutional underpinnings and challenges of cross-border integration processes and knowledge flows. The empirical part of the paper consists of an analysis of activities performed by four cross-border policy network organizations in the Öresund region (made up of Zealand in Denmark and Scania in Sweden) and how they relate to the creation of institutional preconditions and the removal of institutional barriers. Our findings suggest that cross-border policy network organizations have limited power to change or facilitate the adaptation of formal institutions directly. They mainly rely on mobilizing actors at other territorial levels for improving the formal institutional conditions for knowledge flows. Informal institutions, on the other hand, can be targeted by an array of different tools available to policy network organizations. We conclude that institutional preconditions in cross-border regions are influenced by collective activities of multiple actors on different territorial levels, and that regional actors mainly adapt to the existing institutional framework rather than change it. For innovation policy, this implies that possibilities for institutional change and adaptation need to be considered in regional innovation policy strategies.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Miörner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Embracing the future : path transformation and system reconfiguration for self-driving cars in West Sweden
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 27:11, s. 2144-2162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The past years have witnessed a surge of academic interest into how new industrial paths are developed in regions. Transformation processes of existing regional industries have received less attention. This article focuses on radical innovation-based renewal processes of established paths and investigates how regional innovation systems are tackling challenges related to path transformation. Drawing on insights from the regional and technological innovation systems literatures, we develop an analytical framework that elucidates the relation between path transformation and system reconfiguration. The framework suggests that regional innovation system elements are created or adapted to (i) target the build-up of system functions regionally; (ii) link up to system functions in other locations, and (iii) transplant system functions from elsewhere. The analytical framework is applied to a case study of the transformation of the automotive industry in West Sweden towards self-driving cars. The empirical analysis provides support for the importance of the three types of system reconfiguration and emphasises the relevance of different types of assets. Furthermore, it highlights how actors tend to utilise previous networks and positions in global innovation systems rather than turning to the development of system functions regionally as the ‘default option’ of system reconfiguration.
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| 27. |
- Miörner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Paving the way for new regional industrial paths : actors and modes of change in Scania’s games industry
- 2017
-
Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 25:3, s. 481-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent scholarly work has enhanced our understanding of how new path development activities are enabled or constrained by ‘regional environments’, made up of pre-existing industrial structures, knowledge organizations, support structures and institutional configurations. This paper moves beyond overly static views on regional environments. We develop a dynamic perspective by analysing conceptually and empirically how a constraining environment can be transformed into one that enables the development of new growth paths. The paper offers a typology of various modes of change, including layering, adaptation and novel application that are used by key actors to ‘manipulate’ the regional support structures to facilitate new regional industrial path development. The conceptual framework is applied to a case study of the digital games industry in the region of Scania, southern Sweden. Our findings suggest that the creation of a more enabling environment for the growth of the digital games industry has been the outcome of multi-scalar processes and combinations of various modes of change employed by a few key individuals operating in the newly emerging path.
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| 28. |
- Moodysson, Jerker, et al.
(författare)
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Policy learning and smart specialization : Balancing policy change and continuity for new regional industrial paths
- 2017
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Ingår i: Science and Public Policy. - : Oxford University Press. - 0302-3427 .- 1471-5430. ; 44:3, s. 382-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to explain what policy approaches and policy measures are best suited for promoting new regional industrial path development and what needs and possibilities there are for such policy to change and adapt to new conditions in order to remain efficient. The paper departs from the notion of Smart Specialization and discusses how regional strategies that are inspired by this approach influence path renewal and new path creation and how they are related to and aligned with policy strategies implemented at other scales (local, regional, national, supranational). Our main argument is that new regional industrial growth paths require both continuity and change within the support structure of the innovation system. Unless smart specialization strategies are able to combine such adaptation and continuity, they fail to promote path renewal and new path creation. Our arguments are illustrated with empirical findings from the regional innovation system of Scania, South Sweden.
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| 29. |
-
New Avenues for Regional Innovation Systems - Theoretical Advances, Empirical Cases and Policy Lessons
- 2018
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book discusses the latest theoretical advances in regional innovation research, presents empirical cases involving the development of regional innovation systems (RISs), and explores regional innovation policy approaches. Grounded in the extensive literature on RISs, it addresses state-of-the-art developments in light of recent theoretical advances in economic geography and related disciplines. Written in honor of Bjørn Asheim's seventieth birthday, the book includes novel and carefully selected chapters prepared by collaborators, colleagues and former PhD-students of one of the founding fathers of RIS research. Further, it makes a significant contribution to the academic debate on regional innovation and growth and offers valuable insights for scholars and policymakers alike.
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| 30. |
- Tavassoli, Sam, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of ethnic communities on immigrant entrepreneurship : evidence from Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0034-3404 .- 1360-0591. ; 53:1, s. 67-79
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper seeks to provide novel insights into the effects of ethnic communities on immigrants’ entrepreneurial activities. We investigate to what extent the decision of an employed immigrant to become an entrepreneur is associated with his or her embeddedness in ethnic networks in the host region. We capture such embeddedness through various mechanisms. Using longitudinal-registered data from Sweden and employing a logit model, we find that merely being located in an ethnic community does not have an influence on immigrant entrepreneurship; rather, what matters is being located in ethnic communities that have a high share of entrepreneurs themselves.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Creative and cultural industries in Austria
- 2012
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Ingår i: Creative industries and innovation in Europe. - 9780415677400 - 9780203112571 ; , s. 86-102
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 34. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Developing biotechnology clusters in non-high technology regions – The case of Austria
- 2007
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 14:1, s. 47-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the role of distant knowledge links and policy actions for the development of biotechnology clusters. It seeks to challenge the prevailing view that the birth and early development of high technology industries are always spontaneous phenomena which are mainly based on local knowledge. Departing from the theoretical concept of regional innovation systems (RIS), a distinction between "RIS with strong potentials for high technology industries" and "RIS with weak potentials for high technology industries" will be drawn. It will be argued that in the latter case the development of biotechnology clusters is more dependent on distant knowledge sources and proactive policy efforts to create a favourable environment for high technology activities. Furthermore, it will be shown that a far-reaching transformation of the regional innovation system is crucial for catching-up processes of regions which are latecomers in high technology sectors such as biotechnology.
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| 35. |
- Trippl, Michaela
(författare)
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Developing cross-border regional innovation systems: key factors and challenges
- 2010
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Ingår i: Tijdschrift Voor Economische en Sociale Geografie. - : Wiley. - 0040-747X .- 1467-9663. ; 101:2, s. 150-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on regional innovation systems has considerably enhanced our understanding of the critical role played by geographical proximity and local institutional conditions for the production of new knowledge and its economic exploitation. In most cases, however, both theoretical and empirical work has focused on regional innovation systems situated within a national context. Little research has been done so far on cross-border regional innovation systems. The aim of this paper is to explore conceptually whether the theoretical approach of regional innovation systems can be applied to cross-border settings. It investigates some critical conditions for the emergence of transfrontier innovation systems and concludes that cross-border areas differ enormously regarding their capacity to develop an integrated innovation space.
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| 36. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Exogenous sources of regional industrial change : Attraction and absorption of non-local knowledge for new path development
- 2018
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Ingår i: Progress in Human Geography. - : SAGE Publications. - 0309-1325 .- 1477-0288. ; 42:5, s. 687-705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of exogenous sources of new path development has been underplayed in the literature on regional industrial change so far. The aim of this article is to explore in a conceptual way under which conditions and in what ways non-local knowledge can lead to new path development in different regional innovation systems (RISs). We distinguish between organizationally thick and diversified RISs, thick and specialized RISs and thin RISs and argue that these types vary substantially in their needs for exogenous sources as well as in their capacities to attract and absorb knowledge generated elsewhere.
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| 37. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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From the ivory tower to the market place: Knowledge organisations in the development of biotechnology clusters
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Regional Analysis and Policy. - 1090-4999. ; 38:2, s. 159-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the emerging knowledge economy, universities are adopting a key role as producers of scientific knowledge and skills, and they are experiencing far reaching changes in their tasks. Their main mission is no longer confined to education and research, but increasingly also covers technology transfer and commercialisation activities. The aim of this paper is to examine to what extent this phenomenon could also be observed in Austria, a country which is not a pio-neer regarding the development of the knowledge economy. Moreover, we are interested in the particular mechanisms of knowledge transfer. We differentiate between four key tasks of uni-versities, including their roles as ―antennae‖ for receiving external knowledge, sources of highly skilled labour, cooperation partners for the industry and seedbeds for new firm formation. Fo-cusing on the biotechnology sector we will demonstrate that an opening of the ivory tower and a move of Austrian universities towards the market place has occurred. Furthermore, we will show that these changes to some extent have been policy-driven in nature.
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| 38. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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How to turn the fate of old industrial areas: a comparison of cluster-based renewal processes in Styria and the Saarland
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X. ; 41:5, s. 1217-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to explore the role of regional innovation systems and clusters in the economic recovery of old industrial regions. We draw a distinction between three types of cluster-based renewal: an innovation-oriented adjustment of mature clusters (incremental change); the emergence of new agglomerations in established industries (diversification); and the rise of knowledge-intensive and high-technology activities (radical change). In the empirical part of the paper we compare cluster-based recovery processes in the regions of Styria and the Saarland. It is shown that Styria rebuilt its regional innovation system more successfully, enabling the innovation-oriented adjustment of a mature cluster, the rise of a new cluster in an established industry, and the emergence of knowledge-intensive activities. In the Saarland, in contrast, the regional innovation system has been more specialised, which has resulted in weak performance with respect to incremental change and diversification and high performance regarding radical change.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Trippl, Michaela
(författare)
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Islands of Innovation as Magnetic Centres of Star Scientists? Empirical Evidence on Spatial Concentration and Mobility Patterns
- 2013
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Ingår i: Regional Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1360-0591 .- 0034-3404. ; 47:2, s. 229-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Islands of innovation as magnetic centres of star scientists? Empirical evidence on spatial concentration and mobility patterns, Regional Studies. Drawing on the results of a survey of 720 ‘star scientists’, this paper seeks to analyse the role of islands of innovation in the United States and Europe in providing educational and employment opportunities for such scientists and in attracting internationally mobile members of the scientific elite. It is shown that the American, and to a lesser extent European, islands of innovation are at the forefront when it comes to employing star scientists and exchanging them with other places. Furthermore, the paper provides evidence for the formation of a network among islands of innovation based on the international movements of top researchers.
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| 44. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge sourcing beyond buzz and pipelines: evidence from the Vienna software cluster
- 2009
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Ingår i: Economic Geography. - : Wiley. - 0013-0095. ; 85:4, s. 443-462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines the nature and geography of knowledge linkages in the Vienna software cluster. Empirical studies on the software sector have provided contradictory evidence of the relative importance of different sources of knowledge, the spatial dimension of exchanges of knowledge, and the relevance of different channels for the transmission of knowledge. Recent conceptual work on the geography of knowledge linkages has highlighted that the innovative dynamics of clusters rests on both local and global knowledge flows, that is, the combination of "local buzz" and "global pipelines." However, the buzz-and-pipelines approach fails to provide a precise understanding of the mechanisms by which actors in a cluster gain access to knowledge at different spatial scales. This article goes beyond the buzz-and-pipelines concept and suggests a differentiated typology of knowledge linkages, distinguishing among market relations, formal networks, spillovers, and informal networks. Drawing on a survey of firms and face-to-face interviews with representatives of companies, we demonstrate that in the Vienna software industry, knowledge flows are informal. We found that spillovers and informal networks are highly significant at all spatial scales and are complemented by formalized research-and-development partnerships at the local and national levels. We also show that the character of knowledge linkages is dependent on the nature of innovation. The more radical the innovation, the larger the variety of sources of knowledge and the stronger the diversity of the mechanisms for transferring knowledge.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge spillover agents and regional development
- 2011
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Ingår i: Innovation, growth and competitiveness. Dynamic regions in the knowledge-based world economy. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 9783642149658 ; , s. 91-111
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is widely recognised that knowledge and highly-skilled individuals as “carriers” of knowledge (i.e. knowledge spillover agents) play a key role in impelling the development and growth of cities and regions. In this chapter we discuss the relation between the mobility of talent and knowledge flows. In this context, several issues are examined, including the role of highly-skilled labour for regional development and innovation, the essential features that characterise knowledge spillovers through labour mobility, the key factors for attracting and retaining talent as well as the rise of “brain gain” policies. Although this chapter deals with highly-skilled mobility and migration in general, particular attention will be paid to flows of (star) scientists.
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| 47. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Perspectives on Cluster Evolution : Critical Review and Future Research Issues
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Planning Studies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0965-4313 .- 1469-5944. ; 23:10, s. 2028-2044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The past two decades have witnessed an ever-growing scholarly interest in regional clusters. The focus of research has mainly been on exploring why clusters exist and what characteristics “functioning” clusters possess. Although the interest in more dynamic views on clusters is not new, in recent years, however, greater attention has been paid to providing better explanations of how clusters change and develop over time, giving rise to an increasing popularity of the cluster life-cycle approach. This paper discusses the key ideas and arguments put forward by the main protagonists of this approach and identifies several missing elements, such as indifference to place-specific factors, neglect of multi-scalar impacts and underappreciation of the role of human agency. Based on this critical assessment, a number of suggestions for future research are made. We argue that there is a need to study the influence of the wider regional environment on cluster evolution and to explore how cluster development paths are influenced by a multiplicity of factors and processes at various spatial scales. Finally, it is claimed that future research should pay more attention to the role of human agents and the ways they shape the long-term development of regional clusters. We outline how future studies can tackle these issues.
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| 48. |
- Trippl, Michaela
(författare)
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Regional Innovation Systems and Knowledge Sourcing Activities in Traditional Industries – Evidence from the Vienna Food Sector
- 2011
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Ingår i: Environment & Planning A. - : SAGE Publications. - 0308-518X. ; 43:7, s. 1599-1616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to investigate the spatial pattern of knowledge links in traditional, long-established, and less-research-intensive sectors and to contribute to a better understanding of the role of the regional innovation system (RIS) as space for knowledge-sourcing activities in such industries. Departing from conceptual work on the science, technology, and innovation (STI) and the doing, using, and interacting (DUI) modes of learning, it is argued that the relation between mature industries and their RIS depends on the relative importance of these two innovation modes and their specific geographies of knowledge-sourcing activities. The empirical focus is on the food industry in the Vienna metropolitan region. Based on ten case studies of firms and ten interviews with research organisations and industry experts, it is suggested that innovation rests on a combination of the DUI and the STI modes of learning. This is related with a complex spatial pattern of knowledge links and a selective integration of innovative food companies into the RIS. The firms investigated use scientific knowledge available within the RIS and tap into extraregional pools of experience-based knowledge.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Trippl, Michaela, et al.
(författare)
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Regionale Pfadentwicklung in Der Wissensökonomie
- 2014
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Ingår i: Geographische Rundschau. - 0016-7460. ; :12, s. 32-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ongoing globalisation and the rise of the knowledge economy creates new challenges for regional economic development. In order to cope with these challenges, regions need to strengthen the capacity of existing industries to innovate, but also transform their innovation systems and facilitate the emergence of new industries and development paths. The ability to transform and renew themselves, however, varies considerably between regions. This paper brings together insights from two streams of literature, namely Evolutionary Economic Geography (EEG), which sheds lights on the path depended process of economic evolution, as well as Regional Innovation Systems (RIS), which provides a deeper understanding of the regional environment and contextual factors underlying firm innovation. We distinguish between different growth trajectories, from development along established paths (i.e. path extension), branching of exiting industries into related ones (i.e. path renewal), to emergence of entirely new industries (i.e. path creation). Then, we differentiate between types of RIS, namely, organisationally thick & diversified, organisationally thick & specialised, and organisationally thin. These regions differ in the underlying institutional structures, the strength of their knowledge generation systems, the diversity of knowledge bases, and the openness of innovation networks. The paper discusses in a conceptual way the relation between different types of RIS and different forms of path development. We conclude that not all regions have the same potential to renew themselves and embark on new growth paths, which implies different opportunities and challenges for policy makers concerned with regional development.
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