| 1. |
- Ade, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The Simons Observatory : science goals and forecasts
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1475-7516. ; :2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Simons Observatory (SO) is a new cosmic microwave background experiment being built on Cerro Toco in Chile, due to begin observations in the early 2020s. We describe the scientific goals of the experiment, motivate the design, and forecast its performance. SO will measure the temperature and polarization anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background in six frequency bands centered at: 27, 39, 93, 145, 225 and 280 GHz. The initial con figuration of SO will have three small-aperture 0.5-m telescopes and one large-aperture 6-m telescope, with a total of 60,000 cryogenic bolometers. Our key science goals are to characterize the primordial perturbations, measure the number of relativistic species and the mass of neutrinos, test for deviations from a cosmological constant, improve our understanding of galaxy evolution, and constrain the duration of reionization. The small aperture telescopes will target the largest angular scales observable from Chile, mapping approximate to 10% of the sky to a white noise level of 2 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, to measure the primordial tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, at a target level of sigma(r) = 0.003. The large aperture telescope will map approximate to 40% of the sky at arcminute angular resolution to an expected white noise level of 6 mu K-arcmin in combined 93 and 145 GHz bands, overlapping with the majority of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope sky region and partially with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. With up to an order of magnitude lower polarization noise than maps from the Planck satellite, the high-resolution sky maps will constrain cosmological parameters derived from the damping tail, gravitational lensing of the microwave background, the primordial bispectrum, and the thermal and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effects, and will aid in delensing the large-angle polarization signal to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The survey will also provide a legacy catalog of 16,000 galaxy clusters and more than 20,000 extragalactic sources.
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Abdel-Fatah, Dana, et al.
(författare)
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Qualitative Field Study of Host Community/Refugee from Syria Relations in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden : FOCUS Research Project Deliverable 4.2
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The FOCUS project is undertaking a range of research and piloting tasks which aim to improve understanding of dynamic integration and to assist the implementation of effective practices. As part of this work a detailed programme of qualitative research has been undertaken in four countries. This report presents the country-specific findings of this research, which will be further consolidated in a cross-site analysis to be completed in the coming months. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with members of the receiving communities and with members of the arriving communities in a total of 10 site in four countries which have different experiences of migration from Syria in recent years (Sweden, Germany, Jordan, Croatia).
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| 4. |
- Al Barazi, Zahra, et al.
(författare)
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Challenging the disunity of statelessness in the Middle East and North Africa
- 2017
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Ingår i: Understanding Statelessness. - New York: Routledge, 2017. | Series: Routledge studies in human rights : Routledge. - 9780367138608 - 9781315200460 ; , s. 104-120
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores through an understanding of the history and development of the situation of statelessness across the region – a consequence of nation-state formation, state succession and/or discriminatory ethnic, religious and gender law and policy – the striking commonalities in both the causes and consequences of statelessness. It focuses on how the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region lacks a common language on statelessness which may have contributed to the fact that these groups are often discussed in isolation of one another, with a limited sense of having a shared cause. The chapter also focuses on how the current framework for understating statelessness in the region can obstruct opportunities to address the issue regionally and can even be used to perpetuate statelessness. Discrimination against women in nationality laws can be found in legislation around the world. Statelessness has also resulted from the 'Arabisation' movement that took hold of the region in the 1960s and 1970s.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Broekman, Maarten J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating expert-based habitat suitability information of terrestrial mammals with GPS-tracking data
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Ecology and Biogeography. - : Wiley. - 1466-822X .- 1466-8238. ; 31:8, s. 1526-1541
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: Macroecological studies that require habitat suitability data for many species often derive this information from expert opinion. However, expert-based information is inherently subjective and thus prone to errors. The increasing availability of GPS tracking data offers opportunities to evaluate and supplement expert-based information with detailed empirical evidence. Here, we compared expert-based habitat suitability information from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) with habitat suitability information derived from GPS-tracking data of 1,498 individuals from 49 mammal species.Location: Worldwide.Time period: 1998-2021.Major taxa studied: Forty-nine terrestrial mammal species.Methods: Using GPS data, we estimated two measures of habitat suitability for each individual animal: proportional habitat use (proportion of GPS locations within a habitat type), and selection ratio (habitat use relative to its availability). For each individual we then evaluated whether the GPS-based habitat suitability measures were in agreement with the IUCN data. To that end, we calculated the probability that the ranking of empirical habitat suitability measures was in agreement with IUCN's classification into suitable, marginal and unsuitable habitat types.Results: IUCN habitat suitability data were in accordance with the GPS data (> 95% probability of agreement) for 33 out of 49 species based on proportional habitat use estimates and for 25 out of 49 species based on selection ratios. In addition, 37 and 34 species had a > 50% probability of agreement based on proportional habitat use and selection ratios, respectively.Main conclusions: We show how GPS-tracking data can be used to evaluate IUCN habitat suitability data. Our findings indicate that for the majority of species included in this study, it is appropriate to use IUCN habitat suitability data in macroecological studies. Furthermore, we show that GPS-tracking data can be used to identify and prioritize species and habitat types for re-evaluation of IUCN habitat suitability data.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Colonna, Liane, et al.
(författare)
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WASP-HS Community Reference Meeting: Challenges and Opportunities of Regulating AI
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Main Findings:AI systems are increasingly being used to shift decisions made by humans over to automated systems, potentially limiting the space for democratic participation. The risk that AI erodes democracy is exacerbated where most people are excluded from the ownership and production of AI technologies that will impact them.AI learns through datasets but, very often, that data excludes key parts of the population. Where marginalized groups are considered, datasets often contain derogatory terms, or exclude explanatory contextual information, that is hard to accurately categorise in a format that AI can process. Resulting biases within AI design raise concerns as to the quality and representativeness of AI-based decisions and their impact on society.There is very little two-way communication between the developers and users of AI-technologies such that the latter function only as personal data providers. Being largely excluded from the development of AI’s role in human decision-making, everyday individuals may feel more marginalized and disinterested in building a healthy and sustainable society.Yet, AI’s capacity for seeing patterns in big data provides new ways to reach parts of the population excluded from traditional policymaking. It can serve to identify structural discrimination and include information from those otherwise ignored in important decisions. AI could enhance public participation by both providing decision-makers with better data and helping to communicate complex decisions – and their consequences – to wider parts of the population.
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| 9. |
- Dignum, Virginia, et al.
(författare)
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On the importance of AI research beyond disciplines : establishing guidelines
- 2024
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved into a prominent player in various academic disciplines, transforming research approaches and knowledge generation. This paper explores the growing influence of AI across diverse fields and advocates for meaningful interdisciplinary AI research. It introduces the concept of "agonistic-antagonistic" interdisciplinary research, emphasizing a departure from conventional bridge-building approaches. Motivated by the need to address complex societal challenges, the paper calls for novel evaluation mechanisms that prioritize societal impact over traditional academic metrics. It stresses the importance of collaboration, challenging current systems that prioritize competition and individual excellence. The paper offers guiding principles for creating collaborative and co-productive interdisciplinary AI research environments, welcoming researchers to engage in discussions and contribute to the future of interdisciplinary AI research.
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| 10. |
-
HHAI 2024: Hybrid Human AI Systems for the Social Good : Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence
- 2024
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Proceedings (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- The field of hybrid human-artificial intelligence (HHAI), although primarily driven by developments in AI, also requires fundamentally new approaches and solutions. Multidisciplinary in nature, it calls for collaboration across various research domains, such as AI, HCI, the cognitive and social sciences, philosophy and ethics, and complex systems, to name but a few. This book presents the proceedings of HHAI 2024, the 3rd International Conference on Hybrid Human-Artificial Intelligence, held from 10-14 June 2024 in Malmö, Sweden. The focus of HHAI 2024 was on artificially-intelligent systems that cooperate synergistically, proactively and purposefully with humans, amplifying rather than replacing human intelligence. A total of 62 submissions were received for the main track of the conference, of which 31 were accepted for presentation after a thorough double blind review process. These comprised 9 full papers, 5 blue sky papers, and 17 working papers, making the final acceptance rate for full papers 29%. Acceptance rate across all tracks of the main program was 50%. This book contains all submissions accepted for the main track, as well as the proposals for the Doctoral Consortium and extended abstracts from the Posters and Demos track. Topics covered include human-AI interaction and collaboration; learning, reasoning and planning with humans and machines in the loop; fair, ethical, responsible, and trustworthy AI; societal awareness of AI; and the role of design and compositionality of AI systems in interpretable/collaborative AI, among others. Providing a current overview of research and development, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field and facilitate the ongoing exchange and development of ideas across a range of disciplines.
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| 11. |
- Irastorza, Nahikari, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping of Host-community/Refugee Relations in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden : EU H2020 FOCUS Research Project
- 2020
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This deliverable consists of five tasks which were designed to gain an in-depth and broad understanding of the state-of-the-art on research, policy and practice on integration of refugees and host community relations. This was undertaken to form a foundation upon which to build Work Packages focusing on the field work (WP 3 and 4), the development of a refugee and host community toolbox (WP5 and 6) and the dissemination of all of these (WP7). To achieve this, WP2 has been divided into five separate, though highly interrelated Tasks. This includes; Task 2.1. a state-of-the-art review of the literature and research on the socio-economic integration of refugees. Task 2.2. a state- of-the-art review of the literature and research on the socio-psychological integration of refugees. Task 2.3 Part I. a comparative analysis of integration policies in Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden. Task 2.3 Part II. a qualitative study of professionals’ views on integration practices in Europe. Task 2.4 a state-of-the-art desk review, interviews with key informants and a workshop with practitioners on the tools and solutions for successful integration of refugees. Finally, Task 2.5, a state-of-the-art review on the flows and patterns of asylum migration from Syria to, and sometimes through, Croatia, Germany, Jordan and Sweden.The findings of these tasks showed the following. First, there are significant gaps in our knowledge about aspects of integration of refugees beyond labour market integration. This is especially apparent with regards to the understanding of socio-psychological integration. In addition, WP 2.4 also highlighted that practitioners noted that they were unable to keep up to date with the latest research on integration of refugees and that while general tools and solutions exist, they were often difficult to navigate anat d implement on the ground in different contexts. Therefore, the challenge is not just to fill this knowledge gaps, but also to disseminate the findings in an impactful way to key stakeholders and end users. Our new understanding of these knowledge gaps has already been drawn on to shape the methodology of the field research (WP 3-4), I the hope of addressing them in part at least. The results of WP3-4 will, in turn, inform the development of the toolbox in WP 5-6, as will the engagement of end users with the research findings.Second, when looking at the integration policies of the four research sites, as well as the views on integration policies more generally by key actors in Europe, we can see there are shared approaches and foci. For example, how integration is understood, and the focus on achieving it by granting access to the labour market in all states, or more activity encouraging and facilitating this access (which can be seen in the European states and Jordan). While EU laws may have an impact here, as identified in WP 2.3 Part II, this is also a result of many organisations reliance on the EU’s AMIF funding, which key stakeholders and practitioners reported as having a significant impact on integration policy and practice.Finally, with the exception of a few cases in Sweden, most of the refugees from Syria have been issued temporary residence permits in the four states. While the nature and duration of these vary considerably, securing permanent residency requires that the refugee has ‘integrated’ to some degree (except in the case of Jordan where acquiring permanent residence is not possible). The demand of the three European states vary, but, for example, all require the refugee has either secured employment or has reached a certain level of language proficiency etc. In general, with the exception of Sweden (who mainstreamed migration in all state activities), there is a lack of state-run public awareness raising initiatives or activities to encourage the host community to fulfil their part of the integration process. Here the findings of WP 2.4 provide a valuable resource in reflecting on small- and large-scale integration policies and the tools that have been used to bridge this gap between the two communities.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Jenkins, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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Fabulating Futures for Flourishing and Vibrant Worlds
- 2023
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Ingår i: The 10th Nordic Design Research Society (Nordes) Conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This one-day workshop will explore fabulations in design research. Bringing together design researchers and practitioners in hands-on exploration and critical dialogue, we will explore emerging practices and potentials of using fabulations in futures-oriented and exploratory practice-based design research. Drawing on fabulations’ relations with feminist technoscience and more-than-human concerns, we seek to understand if and how the practice of fabulating can contribute to designing vibrant worlds that can flourish in new ways.
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| 14. |
- Strange, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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A Paradigm Shift in Plain Sight? : AI and the Future of Healthcare in the Nordic States
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research. - : Universitetsforlaget. - 1799-4691 .- 2464-4161. ; 9:2, s. 168-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- All the Nordic states (except for Iceland at the time of analysis) have published a national artificial intelligencestrategy (NAIS) document. The NAISs provide a window through which to view a consolidated point where statesset out a socio-technical imaginary ostensibly focused on the impact of AI on the national society but, in so doing,communicate present-day value-laden assumptions. These future visions see an expansion in the scale and scope ofprivate-sector-driven AI applications in healthcare provision as inevitable, positive, and justified based on a promiseof efficiency. In so doing, the NAISs institutionalise a shift in how issues of participation, deliberation, and inclusionin health are structured in the future. The article asks what kind of ‘welfare’ the NAISs present for the Nordic regionwith respect to the governance, role, and ownership of AI healthcare. In so doing, it reveals how the NAISs providea vehicle by which to enable a paradigm shift in state–market relations that is, nonetheless, hidden from politicalscrutiny through its technological futurism
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| 15. |
- Strange, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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AI and the everyday political economy of global health
- 2023. - 1
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Ingår i: Handbook of Critical Studies of Artificial Intelligence. - : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 978 1 80392 855 5 - 978 1 80392 856 2 ; , s. 367-377
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the last few years, we have seen an explosion in the scale and scope of AI health, a trend only exacerbated by COVID-19. Due to the uptake of AI applications in health, the global health landscape has seen significant shifts. To help understand this development and how best to achieve the potential of AI health technologies, it is necessary to critically look at the global political economy through which AI health technologies are made possible. There is a need to see this political economy as embedded in the everyday relations through which healthcare functions. The everyday level of how patients and healthcare professionals engage with AI health technology is essential to knowing how these new tools can help tackle forms of discrimination and other obstacles currently preventing universal health coverage.
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| 16. |
- Strange, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Global governance and the normalization of artificial intelligence as ‘good’ for human health
- 2023
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Ingår i: AI & Society. - : Springer. - 0951-5666 .- 1435-5655.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The term ‘artificial intelligence’ has arguably come to function in political discourse as, what Laclau called, an ‘empty signifier’. This article traces the shifting political discourse on AI within three key institutions of global governance–OHCHR, WHO, and UNESCO–and, in so doing, highlights the role of ‘crisis’ moments in justifying a series of pivotal re-articulations. Most important has been the attachment of AI to the narrative around digital automation in human healthcare. Greatly enabled by the societal context of the pandemic, all three institutions have moved from being critical of the unequal power relations in the economy of AI to, today, reframing themselves primarily as facilitators tasked with helping to ensure the application of AI technologies. The analysis identifies a shift in which human health and healthcare is framed as in a ‘crisis’ to which AI technology is presented as the remedy. The article argues the need to trace these discursive shifts as a means by which to understand, monitor, and where necessary also hold to account these changes in the governance of AI in society.
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| 17. |
- Tucker, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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Agent-based social simulations for health crises response : utilising the everyday digital health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Public Health. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-2565. ; 11, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing recognition of the role that artificial intelligence (AI) systems can play in managing health crises. One such approach, which allows for analysing the potential consequences of different policy interventions is agent-based social simulations (ABSS). Here, the actions and interactions of autonomous agents are modelled to generate virtual societies that can serve as a “testbed” for investigating and comparing different interventions and scenarios. This piece focuses on two key challenges of ABSS in collaborative policy interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. These were defining valuable scenarios to simulate and the availability of appropriate data. This paper posits that drawing on the research on the “everyday” digital health perspective in designing ABSS before or during health crises, can overcome aspects of these challenges. The focus on digital health interventions reflects a rapid shift in the adoption of such technologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, and the new challenges this poses for policy makers. It is argued that by accounting for the everyday digital health in modelling, ABSS would be a more powerful tool in future health crisis management.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Artificial Intelligence, Datafication and Exploring the Minimum Content of Nationality
- 2024
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Ingår i: Statelessness and Citizenship Review. - : Peter McMullin Centre on Statelessness - Melbourne University Law School. - 2652-1814. ; 6:1, s. 124-129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper examines how the increasing datafication of society and advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) offer new empirical opportunities to better understand the Minimum Content of Nationality (MCN). Despite the critical importance of the MCN in statelessness, it has largely been ignored in academic and policy circles. The ambiguity that results from this lack of engagement greatly complicates efforts to identify and protect people affected by statelessness. I argue that there is growing potential to draw on the massive increase in data on the everyday lived experiences of individuals, along with advances in AI technologies, to help narrow in on the MCN. The article sets out a future research agenda as well as highlighting the limitations, ethical considerations and potential risks associated with using AI in this context.
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| 20. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Challenging the tyranny of citizenship : statelessness in Lebanon
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There are seventeen million people in the world who are stateless, not considered as citizens by any state. They suffer due to the current function of citizenship in the nation-state system, occupying a legal space outside of the system, yet, their lives are very much blighted by the system itself. This research examines the possibility that global citizenship could be a means to address statelessness. Global citizenship, unlike (national) citizenship, is, in theory, inclusive, and membership is based on our shared humanity. However, when approaching the global citizenship literature, two concerns became apparent. First, there is a significant lack of theorisation on the stateless in the discourse, and second, some scholars make the assumption that a global citizen has citizenship of a state – which the stateless do not. To begin to overcome these concerns, this research develops and implements a stateless centric perspective on global citizenship, using it to analyse the situation of the stateless in the case of Lebanon. The stateless centric approach developed here, views global citizenship through the actions and perspectives of those addressing statelessness. With four large and protracted stateless populations, Lebanon provides an empirically rich context, within which to undertake this research. The findings of the stateless centric perspective problematise the received wisdom of citizenship, the nation-state and allows for the exploration of the expressions and tensions in the practices of global citizenship. Drawing on a contextualised understanding of these practices, a ‘patchwork’ approach to global citizenship is proposed. This sees the creation of a public political space as an act of global citizenship, when it draws on universal principles. These universal principles are used to justify this space, taking on an instrumental role. It is a patchwork as these spaces can be seen in the wider global context, as either directly or indirectly connected, through their shared use of universal principles. By centralising the stateless in our conceptualisations of the nation-state, citizenship and global citizenship, the value of taking a stateless centric perspective, and its ability to draw out further nuances in the debate, is shown.
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| 21. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Disruptive Possibilities : AI and Planetary Health
- 2022
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Ingår i: If only the lake could talk. - Malmö : Media Evolution. - 9789198738919 ; , s. 73-79
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- This short playful piece is a result of my participation in the Collaborative Foresight Cycle on the Futures of AI and Sustainability. Hosted by Media Evolution in Malmö between May and June 2022, the Cycle brought together a broad range of actors to co-create and explore the future possibilities of AI in relation to sustainability. This piece is a response to the hopelessness which has arisen due to the limited and often dystopian future(s) of planetary health with which we are faced. To counter this, it is posited that AI can be used as an imaginative tool and act as a catalyst for the creation of different and disruptive possible futures of planetary health. By doing so, possibilities such as utopianism and collection action can be put back on the table.
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| 22. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Exploring Statelessness and Nationality in Iran : Gaps in the nationality law, populations of concern and areas for future research
- 2014
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Tilburg University. - 1556-5068.
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Iran has yet to be the subject of research looking into the gaps in the nationality law, which, could create and perpetuate statelessness. There were however, several pre-identified populations, some members of which are believed to be affected by statelessness, as well as gender discrimination in the nationality law - which causes and increases the risk of rendering children stateless. Therefore, based on this previous knowledge of potentially stateless populations, and the gaps/lack of certain safeguards against statelessness in the nationality law, this research provides a foundation for understanding nationality and statelessness in the country.
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| 23. |
- Tucker, Jason, et al.
(författare)
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'I Must Be from Somewhere. I'm Not from the Moon' : Navigating the Politics of Labelling for Stateless Palestinian Refugees from Syria
- 2021
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Ingår i: Statelessness and Citizenship Review. - : The University of Melbourne. - 2652-1814. ; 3:2, s. 330-346
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article explores the relationship between statelessness and refugeeness over time and space. It does so by drawing on how Palestinian refugees from Syria in Sweden navigate the various stateless and refugee labels imposed upon them before, during and after their flight from Syria to Sweden. Standpoint theory was deployed as the basis for understanding how this group of stateless refugees related to these labels. While the research found that, even though the labelling process was largely non-participatory, both as a manifestation for epistemic agency and a vehicle for epistemic justice in statelessness and refugee research, standpoint theory has offered an indispensable lens through which we have accessed the multiple strategies that the interviewees adopted to accept, reject, resist or negotiate their re/de-labelling throughout their journey.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Questioning De Facto Statelessness by Looking at De Facto Citizenship
- 2014
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Ingår i: Tilburg Law Review. - : Brill Academic Publishers. - 2211-0046 .- 2211-2596. ; 19:1-2, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article challenges the concept of de facto (by fact) statelessness, often conceptualised as ineffective citizenship, from being included within the statelessness discourse. This is done by considering the nexus between de jure (by law) statelessness and de facto citizenship. The argument that if someone can have citizenship that is so ineffective they are de facto stateless is extended to consider if a person can receive such effective ‘citizenship’, despite de jure statelessness, that they should be considered a de facto citizen, thus not stateless. By drawing upon the example of the stateless Estonians of Russian origin, the dangers of not recognising the centrality of the legal bond of citizenship, seen in attempts to incorporate de facto statelessness into the statelessness debate, are reflected upon. De facto ‘statelessness’ is shown not only to underutilise the plethora of human rights conventions available, but also to threaten the statelessness conventions themselves.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Statelessness and Displacement : The Causes, Consequences, and Challenges of Statelessness and Capabilities Required of Social Workers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Integrative Social Work Practice with Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Other Forcibly Displaced Persons. - Cham : Springer. - 9783031126000 - 9783031125997 ; , s. 355-378
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter explores the impact of being statelessness on individuals and communities who are displaced. It starts with an overview of statelessness, the numbers those people affected, the major stateless populations around the world, how statelessness is created and perpetuated and the presentation of two case studies of displaced stateless populations. Following this, it covers the challenges that statelessness poses to those affected by it, as well as to social work practitioners working with them are presented. These are broken down to macro, meso and micro challenges. To assist the readers in overcoming these challenges key knowledge, capabilities and approaches for social workers supporting stateless persons are set out. The chapter concludes with discussion points for students and pedagogy suggestions for those leading courses on statelessness and displacement.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Statelessness in Central Asia : from Succession to Solutions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Solving Statelessness. - : Wolf Legal Publishers. - 9789462403468 ; , s. 317-344
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many of the protracted situations of statelessness that we face today have arisen due to State succession. In addition, State succession continues to poses a risk with regard to the creation of further large scale cases of statelessness. Therefore, there is a need to better understand how to prevent and resolve statelessness in situations of State succession. This chapter argues that if we are to effectively do so, historic, economic, political and socio-psychological factors must be considered in policy and practice to ensure that legal safeguards to prevent and reduce statelessness are not out of sync with the context within which the law is being applied. To contextualize this discussion, the chapter explores the various underexplored factors which lead to the creation of large stateless populations in Central Asian States following their succession from the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. As reflected by the successful efforts of Kyrgyzstan to overcome some of the past disjuncture between the citizenship law, its implementation and the context within which it is being applied, it is claimed that the effectiveness of efforts to prevent and reduce statelessness following State succession, and pre-empt problems in the future, require States to adopt reactive and flexible policies that are sensitive to the various historic, economic, political and socio-psychological factors influencing the population. Such an approach is situated within the international law surrounding the avoidance of statelessness in cases of State succession, notably the requirement that States take all appropriate measure to avoid statelessness.
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| 32. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Sweden’s Temporary Asylum Law and the Indefinite Statelessness of Refugees
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration. - : Oxford Monitor of Forced Migration. ; 2:7, s. 21-36
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper explores the law and policy related to the identification, assessment, and recording of the statelessness of refugees in the Swedish asylum procedure. It considers the gaps in law and policy that can lead to a stateless refugee remaining in a prolonged, or potentially, indefinite stateless situation and the impacts of the temporary asylum law introduced in 2016. The temporary law can be seen to undermine useful legislation that saw many stateless refugees receiving citizenship after four years. However, the new State discourse introduced full-time employment or completion of education as a requirement to acquire permanent residence, a prerequisite for citizenship. Therefore, these can be seen as new naturalisation criteria for certain migrants, which could mark a shift from Sweden’s previous trend towards increasingly liberal access to citizenship since the 1950s.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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The future vision(s) of AI health in the Nordics : Comparing the national AI strategies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Futures. - : Elsevier. - 0016-3287 .- 1873-6378. ; 149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Given the current hype around artificial intelligence (AI) in health, it is not surprising that we are seeing the well-established role and power of future visions being played out by a range of actors in the area. One example is the surge in the adoption of national AI strategies (NASs). NASs have a structuring function, justifying current political decisions as well as (re)framing the conditions of possibility of AI in society. This paper explores the sociotechnical imaginaries (SIs) of AI in health in the NASs of Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. The findings reveal that a shared common future vision can be identified, though some variations in the justification of how and why this should be realised exist between the states. This common future vision is of the inevitable and ever-increasing scale and scope of AI in health. This is a process driven and implemented by the private sector, a future which is normalised and legitimised through the promise of greater efficiency and progress. However, a tension between the role of states as simply reacting to, as well as being essential facilitators of, the realisation of this shared vision is identified, a tension that results from technological promises.
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| 35. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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The Humanitarian Side of Statelessness : Statelessness within the Framework of the Millennium Development Goals
- 2013
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The issue of statelessness has begun to receive attention from a legal perspective. While this work should be commended and continue this article argues that we should also remember that at its core statelessness is a human issue that deeply affects the lives of those who suffer from it. It causes and perpetuates, amongst other things, extreme poverty and human insecurity. Statelessness is still greatly under-examined and under-appreciated as a potentially significant barrier to progress in the humanitarian and development fields. This piece aims to begin to situate statelessness as an important issue within these fields. This is done by taking the framework of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and looking at how statelessness affects the realization of each and every goal. This approach shows that by overlooking statelessness development actors and agencies could be failing to meet the needs of the world’s poorest. While far from being a comprehensive analysis of all available literature on statelessness and its relationship to each goal, this article is as an exploratory piece with the aim of encouraging development actors and agencies to recognise the importance of statelessness in their current and future projects and work to gain a greater understanding of the relationship between statelessness, poverty and human insecurity.
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| 36. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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The Indefinite Statelessness of Refugees in Denmark and Sweden : Comparing the Impacts of the Temporary Asylum Laws
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The paper is part of a wider research project which seeks to explore the nexus between statelessness and refugee-ness at global, national and individual level. The relationship between the two legal concepts has not received much attention. This is surprising given that one in ten refugees globally are believed to be stateless. To begin to unpack this relationship, Denmark and Sweden are used as case studies. This article sets out an initial law and policy analysis of the national level frameworks related to identifying statelessness in the Danish and Swedish asylum system, or addressing it following the acceptance of a refugee. This will be discussed in relation to how these contribute to, or address, the situation of indefinite statelessness for stateless refugees. Further to this, the paper seeks to draw out the impacts of the temporary asylum laws in both states with regard to the barriers stateless refugees face in acquiring citizenship. Issues such as cessation of refugee status, the undeportability of some former refugees who are stateless and instances of arbitrary detention are discussed in relation to Denmark and Sweden’s international obligations under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons.
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| 37. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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The Statelessness of Refugees
- 2021
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Ingår i: Statelessness, governance, and the problem of citizenship. - : Manchester University Press. - 9781526156419 - 9781526156402 ; , s. 61-73
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter critically engages with a central policy norm developed by key international actors working on statelessness and refugeeness over the last three decades. This is the norm that for stateless refugees their refugeeness effectively trumps their statelessness. I term this norm, which arbitrarily separates and ranks statelessness and refugeeness, the “protection hierarchy”. This norm is increasingly being called into question by a range of actors due to growth of research on stateless refugees which shows that statelessness is both very impactful and highly intertwined with refugeeness.The chapter empirically interrogates this normative policy position, showing that the “protection hierarchy” not only fails to protect stateless refugees, but actually increases the populations’ vulnerability. Due to this, the chapter argues for the use of evidenced based policies on stateless refugees and the dismantling of the ”protection hierarchy”.
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| 38. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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The Untold Dangers and Unfeasibility of a Global Registration of Stateless Persons : A Reply to Jay Milbrandt's ‘Stateless’
- 2013
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Ingår i: SSRN Electronic Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1556-5068.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Milbrandt’s article highlights the need for increased debate surrounding the dire situation in which many stateless persons around the world find themselves.1 It provides a step in the right direction in that his article attempts to challenge the phenomena of statelessness and reduce its prevalence in the world. However, the idea put forward of global registration of stateless persons is critically flawed for several reasons. First it is based on a theoretically weak definition of statelessness that leaves many questions unanswered. Second pragmatic concerns with regard to how registration may not be possible within certain local socio-political context are drawn out. Third, Milbrandt fails to acknowledge the key dangers of global registration which can be clearly seen if historic and current examples of registering the stateless are considered.Essentially this article stresses that statelessness does not exist within a political vacuum. While it can sometimes be simply rectified through a techno-legal fix it also exists within a political space of discrimination. This political space created and perpetuates the current stateless situations we find across the world today. It is argued here that a one size fits all policy of registering all stateless persons is unfeasible, will not lead to the perceived outcomes and could in fact increase the vulnerability of some stateless populations. Instead more context sensitive methods of understanding and tackling statelessness are proposed.
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| 39. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Using the Futures Cone in Doctoral Supervision
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. - : Malmö universitet. - 2004-4097. ; 4:2, s. 1-10
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This article is a reflection piece on the use of the futures cone and an expanded futures cone (which draws on queer theory) as a tool for dialogue and planning between the supervisor and the doctoral student. I do so by situating the use of this tool in relation to three supervision typologies: the product-orientated,process-orientatedand doctoral student-orientated approaches. I claim that it is an underused and highly versatile tool for doctoral supervision.
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| 40. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Who is Deciding the Future Role of AI in Healthcare in the Nordics? : A Research Brief
- 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- The future role of AI in healthcare is largely seen as positive, inevitable, necessary, and driven by the private sector. These dominant narratives obscure decision-making about these future applications, with little room for political scrutiny, or public participation. Public, and private resources, are being funnelled to support various AI health technologies. By prioritising some and not others, we are being set on a path that will greatly impact our future health, lives, and societies. My research sheds light on these processes and provides tools to expand the scope for inclusive public participation in the debate on future role of AI in healthcare.
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| 41. |
- Tucker, Jason
(författare)
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Why here? : Factors influencing Palestinian refugees from Syria in choosing Germany or Sweden as asylum destinations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Comparative Migration Studies. - : Springer Open. - 2214-8590 .- 2214-594X. ; 29:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the findings of 33 interviews, carried out in 2017, examining the factors influencing Palestinian refugees from Syria (PRS) in choosing Germany or Sweden as asylum destinations. The findings showed that there was a very high degree of destination specificity towards Sweden for nearly all of the participants. This was based on their desire to reach Sweden due to its accessible citizenship as compared to other European or Arab states. This paper details how most of the refugees had conducted research, drawing on information from social networks and other sources, in order to establish in which European country they could most easily and quickly acquire citizenship. As a consequence of the prioritisation of resolving their and their families’ statelessness as quickly as possible, the interviewees often devalued social and human capital. Considerations related to economic or educational opportunities played only a marginal role in the decision making. This research finds that in order to better understand the migration of stateless refugees, their desire to resolve their statelessness should be considered as a potentially significant aspect of their choice of asylum destination.
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| 42. |
- Wang, Zhaoming, et al.
(författare)
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Imputation and subset-based association analysis across different cancer types identifies multiple independent risk loci in the TERT-CLPTM1L region on chromosome 5p15.33
- 2014
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Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 23:24, s. 6616-6633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have mapped risk alleles for at least 10 distinct cancers to a small region of 63 000 bp on chromosome 5p15.33. This region harbors the TERT and CLPTM1L genes; the former encodes the catalytic subunit of telomerase reverse transcriptase and the latter may play a role in apoptosis. To investigate further the genetic architecture of common susceptibility alleles in this region, we conducted an agnostic subset-based meta-analysis (association analysis based on subsets) across six distinct cancers in 34 248 cases and 45 036 controls. Based on sequential conditional analysis, we identified as many as six independent risk loci marked by common single-nucleotide polymorphisms: five in the TERT gene (Region 1: rs7726159, P = 2.10 × 10(-39); Region 3: rs2853677, P = 3.30 × 10(-36) and PConditional = 2.36 × 10(-8); Region 4: rs2736098, P = 3.87 × 10(-12) and PConditional = 5.19 × 10(-6), Region 5: rs13172201, P = 0.041 and PConditional = 2.04 × 10(-6); and Region 6: rs10069690, P = 7.49 × 10(-15) and PConditional = 5.35 × 10(-7)) and one in the neighboring CLPTM1L gene (Region 2: rs451360; P = 1.90 × 10(-18) and PConditional = 7.06 × 10(-16)). Between three and five cancers mapped to each independent locus with both risk-enhancing and protective effects. Allele-specific effects on DNA methylation were seen for a subset of risk loci, indicating that methylation and subsequent effects on gene expression may contribute to the biology of risk variants on 5p15.33. Our results provide strong support for extensive pleiotropy across this region of 5p15.33, to an extent not previously observed in other cancer susceptibility loci.
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