| 1. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 2. |
- Van Lerberghe, Wim, et al.
(författare)
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Country experience with strengthening of health systems and deployment of midwives in countries with high maternal mortality.
- 2014
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X. ; 384:9949, s. 1215-1225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper complements the other papers in the Lancet Series on midwifery by documenting the experience of low-income and middle-income countries that deployed midwives as one of the core constituents of their strategy to improve maternal and newborn health. It examines the constellation of various diverse health-system strengthening interventions deployed by Burkina Faso, Cambodia, Indonesia, and Morocco, among which the scaling up of the pre-service education of midwives was only one element. Efforts in health system strengthening in these countries have been characterised by: expansion of the network of health facilities with increased uptake of facility birthing, scaling up of the production of midwives, reduction of financial barriers, and late attention for improving the quality of care. Overmedicalisation and respectful woman-centred care have received little or no attention.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lin, Ci, et al.
(författare)
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Direct Band Gap in Multilayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanoscrolls with Enhanced Photoluminescence
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Materials Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2639-4979. ; 4:8, s. 1547-1555
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A direct band gap that solely exists in monolayer semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) endows strong photoluminescence (PL) features, whereas multilayer TMD structures exhibit quenched PL due to the direct-to-indirect band gap transition. We demonstrate multi-layer TMD (such as MoS2 and WS2) nanoscrolls with a preserved direct band gap fabricated by an effective and facile method of solvent-driven self-assembly. The resultant multi-layer nanoscrolls, exhibiting up to 11 times higher PL intensity than the remanent monolayer, are carefully characterized using PL spectroscopy. Significantly enlarged interlayer distances and modulated interlayer coupling in the fabricated nanostructures are unveiled by cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The preservation of direct band gap features is further evidenced by density functional theory calculations using the simplified bilayer model with an experimentally obtained 15 & ANGS; interlayer distance. The modulation of the PL intensity as an indicator of the band gap crossover in the TMD nanoscrolls is demonstrated by removing the acetone molecules trapped inside the interlayer space. The general applicability of the method presents an opportunity for large-scale fabrication of a plethora of multilayer TMD nanoscrolls with direct band gaps.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Nguyen, Minh-Thuan, et al.
(författare)
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ViGPTQA - state-of-the-art LLMs for Vietnamese question answering : system overview, core models training, and evaluations
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2023 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing. - : Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL). ; , s. 754-764
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large language models (LLMs) and their applications in low-resource languages (such as in Vietnamese) are limited due to lack of training data and benchmarking datasets. This paper introduces a practical real-world implementation of a question answering system for Vietnamese, called ViGPTQA, leveraging the power of LLM. Since there is no effective LLM in Vietnamese to date, we also propose, evaluate, and open-source an instruction-tuned LLM for Vietnamese, named ViGPT. ViGPT demonstrates exceptional performances, especially on real-world scenarios. We curate a new set of benchmark datasets that encompass both AI- and human-generated data, providing a comprehensive evaluation framework for Vietnamese LLMs. By achieving state-of-the-art results and approaching other multilingual LLMs, our instruction-tuned LLM underscores the need for dedicated Vietnamese-specific LLMs. Our open-source model supports customized and privacy-fulfilled Vietnamese language processing systems.
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| 8. |
- Pham, Phuong V., et al.
(författare)
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Transfer of 2D Films: From Imperfection to Perfection
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 18:23, s. 14841-14876
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atomically thin 2D films and their van der Waals heterostructures have demonstrated immense potential for breakthroughs and innovations in science and technology. Integrating 2D films into electronics and optoelectronics devices and their applications in electronics and optoelectronics can lead to improve device efficiencies and tunability. Consequently, there has been steady progress in large-area 2D films for both front- and back-end technologies, with a keen interest in optimizing different growth and synthetic techniques. Parallelly, a significant amount of attention has been directed toward efficient transfer techniques of 2D films on different substrates. Current methods for synthesizing 2D films often involve high-temperature synthesis, precursors, and growth stimulants with highly chemical reactivity. This limitation hinders the widespread applications of 2D films. As a result, reports concerning transfer strategies of 2D films from bare substrates to target substrates have proliferated, showcasing varying degrees of cleanliness, surface damage, and material uniformity. This review aims to evaluate, discuss, and provide an overview of the most advanced transfer methods to date, encompassing wet, dry, and quasi-dry transfer methods. The processes, mechanisms, and pros and cons of each transfer method are critically summarized. Furthermore, we discuss the feasibility of these 2D film transfer methods, concerning their applications in devices and various technology platforms.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Schael, S., et al.
(författare)
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Electroweak measurements in electron positron collisions at W-boson-pair energies at LEP
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 532:4, s. 119-244
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the electron positron collider LEP at CERN from 1995 to 2000 are reported. The combined data set considered in this report corresponds to a total luminosity of about 3 fb(-1) collected by the four LEP experiments ALEPH, DELPHI, 13 and OPAL, at centre-of-mass energies ranging from 130 GeV to 209 GeV. Combining the published results of the four LEP experiments, the measurements include total and differential cross-sections in photon-pair, fermion-pair and four-fermion production, the latter resulting from both double-resonant WW and ZZ production as well as singly resonant production. Total and differential cross-sections are measured precisely, providing a stringent test of the Standard Model at centre-of-mass energies never explored before in electron positron collisions. Final-state interaction effects in four-fermion production, such as those arising from colour reconnection and Bose Einstein correlations between the two W decay systems arising in WW production, are searched for and upper limits on the strength of possible effects are obtained. The data are used to determine fundamental properties of the W boson and the electroweak theory. Among others, the mass and width of the W boson, m(w) and Gamma(w), the branching fraction of W decays to hadrons, B(W -> had), and the trilinear gauge-boson self-couplings g(1)(Z), K-gamma and lambda(gamma), are determined to be: m(w) = 80.376 +/- 0.033 GeV Gamma(w) = 2.195 +/- 0.083 GeV B(W -> had) = 67.41 +/- 0.27% g(1)(Z) = 0.984(-0.020)(+0.018) K-gamma - 0.982 +/- 0.042 lambda(gamma) = 0.022 +/- 0.019. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Schael, S, et al.
(författare)
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Precision electroweak measurements on the Z resonance
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physics Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 427:5-6, s. 257-454
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report on the final electroweak measurements performed with data taken at the Z resonance by the experiments operating at the electron-positron colliders SLC and LEP. The data consist of 17 million Z decays accumulated by the ALEPH, DELPHI, L3 and OPAL experiments at LEP, and 600 thousand Z decays by the SLID experiment using a polarised beam at SLC. The measurements include cross-sections, forward-backward asymmetries and polarised asymmetries. The mass and width of the Z boson, m(Z) and Gamma(Z), and its couplings to fermions, for example the p parameter and the effective electroweak mixing angle for leptons, are precisely measured: m(Z) = 91.1875 +/- 0.0021 GeV, Gamma(Z) = 2.4952 +/- 0.0023 GeV, rho(l) = 1.0050 +/- 0.0010, sin(2)theta(eff)(lept) = 0.23153 +/- 0.00016. The number of light neutrino species is determined to be 2.9840 +/- 0.0082, in agreement with the three observed generations of fundamental fermions. The results are compared to the predictions of the Standard Model (SM). At the Z-pole, electroweak radiative corrections beyond the running of the QED and QCD coupling constants are observed with a significance of five standard deviations, and in agreement with the Standard Model. Of the many Z-pole measurements, the forward-backward asymmetry in b-quark production shows the largest difference with respect to its SM expectation, at the level of 2.8 standard deviations. Through radiative corrections evaluated in the framework of the Standard Model, the Z-pole data are also used to predict the mass of the top quark, m(t) = 173(+10)(+13) GeV, and the mass of the W boson, m(W) = 80.363 +/- 0.032 GeV. These indirect constraints are compared to the direct measurements, providing a stringent test of the SM. Using in addition the direct measurements of m(t) and m(W), the mass of the as yet unobserved SM Higgs boson is predicted with a relative uncertainty of about 50% and found to be less than 285 GeV at 95% confidence level. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Willer, Cristen J., et al.
(författare)
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Six new loci associated with body mass index highlight a neuronal influence on body weight regulation
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 41:1, s. 25-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common variants at only two loci, FTO and MC4R, have been reproducibly associated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. To identify additional loci, we conducted meta-analysis of 15 genome-wide association studies for BMI (n > 32,000) and followed up top signals in 14 additional cohorts (n > 59,000). We strongly confirm FTO and MC4R and identify six additional loci (P < 5 x 10(-8)): TMEM18, KCTD15, GNPDA2, SH2B1, MTCH2 and NEGR1 (where a 45-kb deletion polymorphism is a candidate causal variant). Several of the likely causal genes are highly expressed or known to act in the central nervous system (CNS), emphasizing, as in rare monogenic forms of obesity, the role of the CNS in predisposition to obesity.
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| 14. |
- Yang, Chih-Wen, et al.
(författare)
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Epitaxial Growth and Determination of Band Alignment of Bi2Te3–WSe2 Vertical van der Waals Heterojunctions
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Materials Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2639-4979. ; 2:10, s. 1351-1359
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Artificial heterojunctions formed by vertical stacking of dissimilar two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer materials in a chosen sequence hold tantalizing prospects for futuristic atomically thin circuits. The emergence of 2D topological insulators (TI), including Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3, and Sb2Te3, represents a new class of 2D building blocks and can complement the existing artificial heterojunctions as a result of their intriguing surface states protected by the time-reversal symmetry. However, the determination of band alignments of such 2D TI/TMD vertical heterojunctions, the key parameter for designing HJ-based electronic/photonic devices, which lies in the development of epitaxy growth, remains in its infancy. Here, we demonstrate the epitaxy growth of 2D TI/TMD vertical heterojunctions comprised of Bi2Te3/WSe2 with atomically clean interfaces that are spectroscopically accessible, and theoretically tractable. Cross-sectional scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images and the presence of interlayer-coupled characteristics from Raman spectroscopy collectively confirm the neat stacking of Bi2Te3/WSe2 with the absence of unwanted containments. Microbeam X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ΌXPS) measurement coupled with the density functional theory (DFT) calculations and electrical characteristics of field effect transistors quantitatively reveals the type-II alignment of vertically stacked of quintuple layers (QL) Bi2Te3/WSe2. Meanwhile, the type-III band emerges when transitioning to multi-quintuple layer (MQL) Bi2Te3/WSe2. The finding here provides a well-defined example of the epitaxy growth paradigm, the interlayer coupling-electronic properties relationship, for these emerging 2D TI/TMDs vertical heterojunctions. © 2020 American Chemical Society.
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| 15. |
- Yao, Sha, et al.
(författare)
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Half-duplex relaying based on quantize-and-forward
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory Proceedings (ISIT). ; , s. 2447-2451
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The original compress-and-forward relaying scheme uses the technique of random binning at the relay node and successive decoding at the destination node. Recently, a scheme (termed the quantize-and-forward scheme in this paper) without binning and using joint decoding at the destination node has been proposed, which has been shown to achieve the same rate as the original compress-and-forward scheme. Since the previous work focuses on the so-called full duplex relay network, in this paper, an adaption of it for relay networks with a half-duplex relay is provided. Coding schemes and achievable rate results are presented for discrete memoryless half-duplex relay channels and half-duplex additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) relay channels. Moreover, slow fading channels are considered, for which outage-related performance measures are evaluated. Specifically, the outage probability and the expected rate of the quantize-and-forward scheme are derived and compared with other well-known schemes. Furthermore, the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff is derived. It is shown that the quantize-and-forward scheme is a more suitable scheme than the compress-and-forward scheme over slow fading channels and it achieves the optimal diversity-multiplexing trade-off of a half-duplex relay channel.
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| 16. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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