| 1. |
- Niemi, MEK, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Cousin, E., et al.
(författare)
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Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2022
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Ingår i: Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-8587. ; 10:3, s. 177-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990-2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73.7% (68.3 to 77.4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0.50 (0.44 to 0.58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97.5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0.13 (0.12 to 0.14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0.60 (0.51 to 0.70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0.71 (0.60 to 0.86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r(2)=0.62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17.0% (-28.4 to -2.9) for all diabetes, and by 21.0% (-33.0 to -5.9) when considering only type 1 diabetes. However, the low SDI quintile had the lowest decline for both all diabetes (-13.6% [-28.4 to 3.4]) and for type 1 diabetes (-13.6% [-29.3 to 8.9]). Interpretation Decreasing diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years remains an important challenge, especially in low and low-middle SDI countries. Inadequate diagnosis and treatment of diabetes is likely to be major contributor to these early deaths, highlighting the urgent need to provide better access to insulin and basic diabetes education and care. This mortality metric, derived from readily available and frequently updated GBD data, can help to monitor preventable diabetes-related deaths over time globally, aligned with the UN's Sustainable Development Targets, and serve as an indicator of the adequacy of basic diabetes care for type 1 and type 2 diabetes across nations. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Kinyoki, DK, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature medicine. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-170X .- 1078-8956. ; 26:5, s. 750-759
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Sbarra, AN, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping routine measles vaccination in low- and middle-income countries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 589:7842, s. 415-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The safe, highly effective measles vaccine has been recommended globally since 1974, yet in 2017 there were more than 17 million cases of measles and 83,400 deaths in children under 5 years old, and more than 99% of both occurred in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)1–4. Globally comparable, annual, local estimates of routine first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1) coverage are critical for understanding geographically precise immunity patterns, progress towards the targets of the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP), and high-risk areas amid disruptions to vaccination programmes caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)5–8. Here we generated annual estimates of routine childhood MCV1 coverage at 5 × 5-km2pixel and second administrative levels from 2000 to 2019 in 101 LMICs, quantified geographical inequality and assessed vaccination status by geographical remoteness. After widespread MCV1 gains from 2000 to 2010, coverage regressed in more than half of the districts between 2010 and 2019, leaving many LMICs far from the GVAP goal of 80% coverage in all districts by 2019. MCV1 coverage was lower in rural than in urban locations, although a larger proportion of unvaccinated children overall lived in urban locations; strategies to provide essential vaccination services should address both geographical contexts. These results provide a tool for decision-makers to strengthen routine MCV1 immunization programmes and provide equitable disease protection for all children.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Hsiao, E. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Carnegie Supernova Project-II : The Near-infrared Spectroscopy Program
- 2019
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 131:995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shifting the focus of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) cosmology to the near infrared (NIR) is a promising way to significantly reduce the systematic errors, as the strategy minimizes our reliance on the empirical width-luminosity relation and uncertain dust laws. Observations in the NIR are also crucial for our understanding of the origins and evolution of these events, further improving their cosmological utility. Any future experiments in the rest-frame NIR will require knowledge of the SN Ia NIR spectroscopic diversity, which is currently based on a small sample of observed spectra. Along with the accompanying paper, Phillips et al., we introduce the Carnegie Supernova Project-II (CSP-II), to follow-up nearby SNe Ia in both the optical and the NIR. In particular, this paper focuses on the CSP-II NIR spectroscopy program, describing the survey strategy, instrumental setups, data reduction, sample characteristics, and future analyses on the data set. In collaboration with the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) Supernova Group, we obtained 661 NIR spectra of 157 SNe Ia. Within this sample, 451 NIR spectra of 90 SNe Ia have corresponding CSP-II follow-up light curves. Such a sample will allow detailed studies of the NIR spectroscopic properties of SNe Ia, providing a different perspective on the properties of the unburned material; the radioactive and stable nickel produced; progenitor magnetic fields; and searches for possible signatures of companion stars.
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| 13. |
- Lee, Eun-Young, et al.
(författare)
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Play, Learn, and Teach Outdoors—Network (PLaTO-Net) : terminology, taxonomy, and ontology
- 2022
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Ingår i: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1479-5868. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: A recent dialogue in the field of play, learn, and teach outdoors (referred to as “PLaTO” hereafter) demonstrated the need for developing harmonized and consensus-based terminology, taxonomy, and ontology for PLaTO. This is important as the field evolves and diversifies in its approaches, contents, and contexts over time and in different countries, cultures, and settings. Within this paper, we report the systematic and iterative processes undertaken to achieve this objective, which has built on the creation of the global PLaTO-Network (PLaTO-Net). Methods: This project comprised of four major methodological phases. First, a systematic scoping review was conducted to identify common terms and definitions used pertaining to PLaTO. Second, based on the results of the scoping review, a draft set of key terms, taxonomy, and ontology were developed, and shared with PLaTO members, who provided feedback via four rounds of consultation. Third, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy, and ontology were then finalized based on the feedback received from 50 international PLaTO member participants who responded to ≥ 3 rounds of the consultation survey and dialogue. Finally, efforts to share and disseminate project outcomes were made through different online platforms. Results: This paper presents the final definitions and taxonomy of 31 PLaTO terms along with the PLaTO-Net ontology model. The model incorporates other relevant concepts in recognition that all the aspects of the model are interrelated and interconnected. The final terminology, taxonomy, and ontology are intended to be applicable to, and relevant for, all people encompassing various identities (e.g., age, gender, culture, ethnicity, ability). Conclusions: This project contributes to advancing PLaTO-based research and facilitating intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration, with the long-term goal of fostering and strengthening PLaTO’s synergistic linkages with healthy living, environmental stewardship, climate action, and planetary health agendas. Notably, PLaTO terminology, taxonomy and ontology will continue to evolve, and PLaTO-Net is committed to advancing and periodically updating harmonized knowledge and understanding in the vast and interrelated areas of PLaTO.
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| 14. |
- Ahmed, Anisuddin, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the effectiveness of an integrated intervention package to improve the level of infection prevention and control : a multi-centre study in Bangladesh
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Hospital Infection. - : Elsevier. - 0195-6701 .- 1532-2939. ; 145, s. 22-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Infection prevention and control (IPC) is a critical component of delivering safe, effective and high -quality healthcare services, and eliminating avoidable healthcare -associated infections (HAIs) in health facilities, predominantly in populationdense settings such as Bangladesh.Aim: Our study aimed to assess the effect of an integrated intervention package in improving the IPC level of the health facilities in Bangladesh.Methods: We conducted a pre -post intervention study in six district hospitals (DHs) and 13 Upazila Health Complexes (UHCs) in the six districts of Bangladesh. Baseline and endline assessments were conducted between March and December 2021 using the adapted World Health Organization Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework (WHO-IPCAF) tool. The IPCAF score, ranging from 0-800, was calculated by adding the scores of eight components, and the IPC promotion and practice level was categorized as Inadequate (0 -200), Basic (201-400), Intermediate (401-600) and Advanced (601-800). The integrated intervention package including IPC committee formation, healthcare provider training, logistics provision, necessary guidelines distribution, triage/flu corners establishment, and infrastructure development was implemented in all facilities.Results: The average IPCAF score across all the facilities showed a significant increase from 16% (95% CI: 11.5-20.65%) to 54% (95% CI: 51.4-57.1%). Overall, the IPCAF score increased by 34 percentage points (P<0.001) in DHs and 40 percentage points (P<0.001) in UHCs. Following the intervention, 12 (three DHs, nine UHCs) of 19 facilities progressed from inadequate to intermediate, and another three DHs upgraded from basic to intermediate in terms of IPC level.Conclusion: The integrated intervention package improved IPCAF score in all facilities.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Weinstock, Joshua S, et al.
(författare)
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Aberrant activation of TCL1A promotes stem cell expansion in clonal haematopoiesis.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 616:7958, s. 755-763
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mutations in a diverse set of driver genes increase the fitness of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to clonal haematopoiesis1. These lesions are precursors for blood cancers2-6, but the basis of their fitness advantage remains largely unknown, partly owing to a paucity of large cohorts in which the clonal expansion rate has been assessed by longitudinal sampling. Here, to circumvent this limitation, we developed a method to infer the expansion rate from data from a single time point. We applied this method to 5,071 people with clonal haematopoiesis. A genome-wide association study revealed that a common inherited polymorphism in the TCL1A promoter was associated with a slower expansion rate in clonal haematopoiesis overall, but the effect varied by driver gene. Those carrying this protective allele exhibited markedly reduced growth rates or prevalence of clones with driver mutations in TET2, ASXL1, SF3B1 and SRSF2, butthis effect was not seen inclones withdriver mutations in DNMT3A. TCL1A was not expressed in normal or DNMT3A-mutated HSCs, but the introduction of mutations in TET2 or ASXL1 led to the expression of TCL1A protein and the expansion of HSCs in vitro. The protective allele restricted TCL1A expression and expansion of mutant HSCs, as did experimentalknockdown of TCL1A expression. Forced expression of TCL1A promoted the expansion of human HSCs in vitro and mouse HSCs in vivo. Our results indicate that the fitness advantage of several commonly mutated driver genes in clonal haematopoiesis may be mediated by TCL1A activation.
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| 17. |
- Adam, M., et al.
(författare)
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Antimalarial drug efficacy and resistance in malaria-endemic countries in HANMAT-PIAM_net countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2016-2020: Clinical and genetic studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: Tropical Medicine & International Health. - 1360-2276. ; 28:10, s. 817-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction The World Health Organization recommends regular monitoring of the efficacy of nationally recommended antimalarial drugs. We present the results of studies on the efficacy of recommended antimalarials and molecular markers of artemisinin and partner resistance in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.Methods Single-arm prospective studies were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of artesunate-sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (ASSP) in Afghanistan and Pakistan, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in all countries, or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in Sudan for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum. The efficacy of chloroquine (CQ) and AL for the treatment of Plasmodium vivax was evaluated in Afghanistan and Somalia, respectively. Patients were treated and monitored for 28 (CQ, ASSP and AL) or 42 (DP) days. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-corrected cure rate and parasite positivity rate at Day 3 were estimated. Mutations in the P. falciparum kelch 13 (Pfk13) gene and amplifications of plasmepsin (Pfpm2) and multidrug resistance-1 (Pfmdr-1) genes were also studied.Results A total of 1680 (249 for ASSP, 1079 for AL and 352 for DP) falciparum cases were successfully assessed. A PCR-adjusted ASSP cure rate of 100% was observed in Afghanistan and Pakistan. For AL, the cure rate was 100% in all but four sites in Sudan, where cure rates ranged from 92.1% to 98.8%. All but one patient were parasite-free at Day 3. For P. vivax, cure rates were 98.2% for CQ and 100% for AL. None of the samples from Afghanistan, Pakistan and Yemen had a Pfk13 mutation known to be associated with artemisinin resistance. In Sudan, the validated Pfk13 R622I mutation accounted for 53.8% (14/26) of the detected non-synonymous Pfk13 mutations, most of which were repeatedly detected in Gadaref. A prevalence of 2.7% and 9.3% of Pfmdr1 amplification was observed in Pakistan and Yemen, respectively.Conclusion High efficacy of ASSP, AL and DP in the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum infection and of CQ and AL in the treatment of P. vivax was observed in the respective countries. The repeated detection of a relatively high rate of Pfk13 R622I mutation in Sudan underscores the need for close monitoring of the efficacy of recommended ACTs, parasite clearance rates and Pfk13 mutations in Sudan and beyond. Registration numbers of the trials: ACTRN12622000944730 and ACTRN12622000873729 for Afghanistan, ACTRN12620000426987 and ACTRN12617001025325 for Pakistan, ACTRN12618001224213 for Somalia, ACTRN12617000276358, ACTRN12622000930785 and ACTRN12618001800213 for Sudan and ACTRN12617000283370 for Yemen.
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| 18. |
- Onabolu, B., et al.
(författare)
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Integrating policy, system strengthening, research and harmonized services delivery for scaling up drinking water safety in Bangladesh
- 2018
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Ingår i: Environmental Arsenic in a ChangingWorld - 7th International Congress and Exhibition Arsenic in the Environment, 2018. - London : CRC Press/Balkema. - 9781138486096 ; , s. 535-537
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WASH Sector Development Plan (2011–2025) recognizes the absence of harmonized approaches as the root challenge to scaling up drinking water safety in Bangladesh. UNICEF is supporting the Government of Bangladesh (GoB) through the Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE) and Policy Support Branch to re-engineer its approach to drinking water safety by integrating policy, systems strengthening & sustainable services delivery at national and sub-national levels. Some of the key contributions to the sector include the implementation of the UNICEF-DPHE Arsenic Safe Union model with the declaration of 106 Arsenic Safe Villages, reduction in arsenic contamination rates of new tubewells, a system for preventing elite capture of water points, and the adoption of the ASU model in a $240 million arsenic mitigation drinking water project using domestic resources. Relatedly, a Policy Support Branch has been established, the sector coordination mechanisms revised, WASH bottleneck analysis is ongoing & the National Implementation Plan on Arsenic has been reviewed: Next steps include the professionalisation of drilling by local drillers through a partnership with KTH, Sweden, the GoB and UNICEF.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Alam, M., et al.
(författare)
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Antigen-Specific Memory B-cell Responses to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Infection in Bangladeshi Adults
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1935-2727 .- 1935-2735. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple infections with diverse enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) strains lead to broad spectrum protection against ETEC diarrhea. However, the precise mechanism of protection against ETEC infection is still unknown. Therefore, memory B cell responses and affinity maturation of antibodies to the specific ETEC antigens might be important to understand the mechanism of protection. Methodology: In this study, we investigated the heat labile toxin B subunit (LTB) and colonization factor antigens (CFA/I and CS6) specific IgA and IgG memory B cell responses in Bangladeshi adults (n = 52) who were infected with ETEC. We also investigated the avidity of IgA and IgG antibodies that developed after infection to these antigens. Principal Findings: Patients infected with ETEC expressing LT or LT+heat stable toxin (ST) and CFA/I group or CS6 colonization factors developed LTB, CFA/I or CS6 specific memory B cell responses at day 30 after infection. Similarly, these patients developed high avidity IgA and IgG antibodies to LTB, CFA/I or CS6 at day 7 that remained significantly elevated at day 30 when compared to the avidity of these specific antibodies at the acute stage of infection (day 2). The memory B cell responses, antibody avidity and other immune responses to CFA/I not only developed in patients infected with ETEC expressing CFA/I but also in those infected with ETEC expressing CFA/I cross-reacting epitopes. We also detected a significant positive correlation of LTB, CFA/I and CS6 specific memory B cell responses with the corresponding increase in antibody avidity. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that natural infection with ETEC induces memory B cells and high avidity antibodies to LTB and colonization factor CFA/I and CS6 antigens that could mediate anamnestic responses on re-exposure to ETEC and may help in understanding the requirements to design an effective vaccination strategies.
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| 21. |
- Aubert, Salome, et al.
(författare)
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Global Matrix 3.0 Physical Activity Report Card Grades for Children and Youth: Results and Analysis From 49 Countries
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Activity and Health. - : HUMAN KINETICS PUBL INC. - 1543-3080 .- 1543-5474. ; 15, s. S251-S273
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Accumulating sufficient moderate to vigorous physical activity is recognized as a key determinant of physical, physiological, developmental, mental, cognitive, and social health among children and youth (aged 5-17 y). The Global Matrix 3.0 of Report Card grades on physical activity was developed to achieve a better understanding of the global variation in child and youth physical activity and associated supports. Methods: Work groups from 49 countries followed harmonized procedures to develop their Report Cards by grading 10 common indicators using the best available data. The participating countries were divided into 3 categories using the United Nations human development index (HDI) classification (low or medium, high, and very high HDI). Results: A total of 490 grades, including 369 letter grades and 121 incomplete grades, were assigned by the 49 work groups. Overall, an average grade of "C-," "D+," and "C-" was obtained for the low and medium HDI countries, high HDI countries, and very high HDI countries, respectively. Conclusions: The present study provides rich new evidence showing that the situation regarding the physical activity of children and youth is a concern worldwide. Strategic public investments to implement effective interventions to increase physical activity opportunities are needed.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Phillips, M. M., et al.
(författare)
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Carnegie Supernova Project-II : Extending the Near-infrared Hubble Diagram for Type Ia Supernovae to z ∼ 0.1
- 2019
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Ingår i: Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. - : IOP Publishing. - 0004-6280 .- 1538-3873. ; 131:995
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Carnegie Supernova Project-II (CSP-II) was an NSF-funded, four-year program to obtain optical and near-infrared observations of a Cosmology sample of similar to 100 Type. Ia supernovae located in the smooth Hubble flow (0.03 less than or similar to z less than or similar to 0.10). Light curves were also obtained of a Physics sample composed of 90 nearby Type. Ia supernovae at z <= 0.04 selected for near-infrared spectroscopic timeseries observations. The primary emphasis of the CSP-II is to use the combination of optical and near-infrared photometry to achieve a distance precision of better than 5%. In this paper, details of the supernova sample, the observational strategy, and the characteristics of the photometric data are provided. In a companion paper, the near-infrared spectroscopy component of the project is presented.
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| 24. |
- Razzak, S. B. A., et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative and qualitative assessments of microbial contamination in some bottled and tap water with their drug resistant pattern
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Food Research Journal. - 1985-4668. ; 28:5, s. 945-952
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work focussed on the concerns of the existence of coliform, faecal coliform, and other pathogens in both tap water and commercially available bottled water, along with the drug resistant pattern of the isolates. The physico-chemical features of the bottled water samples were satisfactory, but most of the tap water exceeded the marginal limit. A total of 21 samples (10 of tap water and 11 of bottled water) were collected and processed for microbiological analysis. All the samples were found to be contaminated with total viable bacteria up to 10(8) CFU/mL. Among the 21 samples, seven samples were found to be contaminated with E. coli up to 10(6) CFU/mL, and six samples had Klebsiella spp. up to 10(2) CFU/mL. Faecal contamination was totally absent in all bottled water, but present in four tap water samples. Fungi was found in six samples within the range of 10(2) to 10(3) CFU/mL. Surprisingly, Staphylococcus spp. were observed in all bottled water. Vibrio spp. were detected in three samples. An elevated number of faecal coliforms, Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Vibrio spp., and Pseudomonas spp. were estimated among the tap water samples up to 10(5) CFU/mL. The water samples, especially tap water, collected from the different areas were microbiologically unsafe, as few pathogenic microorganisms were found in several samples. This indicated as public health threat. Most of the isolates from both tap and bottled water samples were found to be resistant against more than one antibiotic tested, which is extremely alarming for the consumers. Very few antibiotics were found to be effective against the bacterial isolates. (C) All Rights Reserved.
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| 26. |
- Uddin, S., et al.
(författare)
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A Preliminary Assessment of Size-Fractionated Microplastics in Indoor Aerosol—Kuwait’s Baseline
- 2022
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI AG. - 2305-6304. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The omnipresence of microplastic (MP) in various environmental samples, including aer-osols, has raised public health concerns; however, there is presently very limited information on MPs in indoor aerosol. This paper presents a unique dataset where smaller MPs have been sampled using a six-stage cascade impactor from indoor environments in Kuwait. The MP concentration in the indoor air varied between 3.2 and 27.1 particles m−3, and the relative MP concentration decreased linearly from the lowest to the highest size fraction. A significant effect of location was observed for the total number of MPs (F2,14 = 5.80, p = 0.02) and the inhalable fraction (F2,14 = 8.38, p = 0.005), while location had no effect on the respirable fraction (F2,14 = 0.54, p = 0.60). A significant effect of the type of air conditioning used was also observed for the total number of MPs (F2,19 = 5.58, p = 0.01) and the inhalable fraction (F2,19 = 6.45, p = 0.008), while location had no effect on the respirable fraction (F2,19 = 1.30, p = 0.30). For the total number of MPs and the inhalable fraction, the concentration was sig-nificantly higher for the split unit air-conditioning as compared to the central air-conditioning plants. The presence/absence of carpets had no significant effect on the MP concentrations (total: F1,19 = 4.08, p = 0.06; inhalable: F1,19 = 3.03, p = 0.10; respirable: F1,19 = 4.27, p = 0.05). The shape was dominantly fibers, with few fragments in lower size fractions. These datasets represent the first baseline information for Kuwait, and the smaller MPs in all the samples further underscore the need to develop standardized protocols of MP collection in the ≤2.5 µm fraction that can have more con-spicuous health implications. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 28. |
- Behbehani, M., et al.
(författare)
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Ocean Acidification-Mediated Food Chain Transfer of Polonium between Primary Producers and Consumers
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxics. - : MDPI AG. - 2305-6304. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytoplankton and zooplankton are key marine components that play an important role in metal distribution through a food web transfer. An increased phytoplankton concentration as a result of ocean acidification and warming are well-established, along with the fact that phytoplankton biomagnify Po-210 by 3-4 orders of magnitude compared to the seawater concentration. This experimental study is carried out to better understand the transfer of polonium between primary producers and consumers. The experimental produced data highlight the complex interaction between the polonium concentration in zooplankton food, i.e. phytoplankton, its excretion via defecated fecal pellets, and its bioaccumulation at ambient seawater pH and a lower pH of 7.7, typical of ocean acidification scenarios in the open ocean. The mass of copepods recovered was 11% less: 7.7 pH compared to 8.2. The effects of copepod species (n = 3), microalgae species (n = 3), pH (n = 2), and time (n = 4) on the polonium activity in the fecal pellets (expressed as % of the total activity introduced through feeding) was tested using an ANOVA 4. With the exception of time (model: F-20,F- 215 = 176.84, p < 0.001; time: F-3 = 1.76, p = 0.16), all tested parameters had an impact on the polonium activity (copepod species: F-2 = 169.15, p < 0.0001; algae species: F-2 = 10.21, p < 0.0001; pH: F-1 = 9.85, p = 0.002) with complex interactions (copepod x algae: F-2 = 19.48, p < 0.0001; copepod x pH: F-2 = 10.54, p < 0.0001; algae x pH: F-2 = 4.87, p = 0.009). The experimental data underpin the hypothesis that metal bioavailability and bioaccumulation will be enhanced in secondary consumers such as crustacean zooplankton due to ocean acidification.
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| 29. |
- Behbehani, M., et al.
(författare)
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Response of corals Acropora pharaonis and Porites lutea to changes in pH and temperature in the Gulf
- 2019
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 11:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coral reefs are harboring a large part of the marine biodiversity and are important ecosystems for the equilibrium of the oceans. As a consequence of anthropogenic CO2 emission, a drop in pH and an increase in seawater temperature is observed in the Gulf coastal waters that potentially threaten coral assemblages. An experimental study was conducted on two species of corals to assess the effect of ocean warming and ocean acidification on the net calcification rate. Two pH conditions 8.2 and 7.5 and three temperatures, 22.5, 27.5 and 32.5 °C, were considered. Net calcification rates were measured using 45Ca radiotracer. Both temperature and pH had a significant effect on net calcification rates following a similar pattern for both species. The highest calcification rate was observed at low temperature and high pH. Increased temperature and decreased pH led to a decrease in net calcification rates. An interactive effect was observed as the effect of pH decreased with increasing temperature. However, the two species of coral were able to calcify in all the tested combination of temperature and pH suggesting that they are adapted to short term changes in temperature and pH. Ability to calcify even at a high temperature of 32.5 °C that is identical to the summertime Gulf seawater temperature under both the ambient and low pH condition with no mortalities, raises a question: are these corals adapted to high seawater temperatures and low pH? More in-depth assessments will be required to confirm if this is an adaptation to higher temperatures in Persian Gulf corals. © 2019 by the authors.
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| 30. |
- Bhattacharjee, S., et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater governance in Bangladesh : Established practices and recent trends
- 2019
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier. - 2352-801X. ; 8, s. 69-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Legal framework is very crucial to protect the vital resources, to provide rights to public and administration, to support national policy and to bring technological intervention to ensure equitable distribution, fair management, and effective decision making. In Bangladesh, groundwater is not directly priced (other than pumping costs), perhaps such issue is not surprising that users do not meter the volumes of water usage. Beside the industry, agricultural sector is by far the biggest groundwater consumer of this country, contributing significant amount of annual meter drop in the groundwater table to the annual decline of groundwater table. Additionally, the groundwater resources are severely affected by, pollution, encroachment and overexploitation. National Water Policy (1999) and Bangladesh Water Act (2013) are considered as country's pivotal legal framework but both of these lag behind to provide effective guidelines on permission, extraction limit, monitoring, protection of quality, water harvesting procedure, and recharge mechanism. Existing institutions suffer from consistent crisis, politics, corruption, absence of public participation and coordination of other institutions, mismanagement, and empirical assessment. This study evaluates the existing water related policies and functions of multidimensional institutions, and discusses the key challenges of effective groundwater management. The present paper also provides an overview of established practices around the world to cope with the common challenges.
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| 31. |
- Bhattacharya, Romit, et al.
(författare)
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Risk factors for clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential in people with HIV : a report from the REPRIEVE trial
- 2024
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Ingår i: Blood Advances. - 2473-9529. ; 8:4, s. 959-967
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP), the clonal expansion of myeloid cells with leukemogenic mutations, results in increased coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. CHIP is more prevalent among people with HIV (PWH), but the risk factors are unknown. CHIP was identified among PWH in REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV) using whole-exome sequencing. Logistic regression was used to associate sociodemographic factors and HIV-specific factors with CHIP adjusting for age, sex, and smoking status. In the studied global cohort of 4486 PWH, mean age was 49.9 (standard deviation [SD], 6.4) years; 1650 (36.8%) were female; and 3418 (76.2%) were non-White. CHIP was identified in 223 of 4486 (4.97%) and in 38 of 373 (10.2%) among those aged ≥60 years. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.09; P < .0001) and smoking (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.14-1.66; P < .001) associated with increased odds of CHIP. Globally, participants outside of North America had lower odds of CHIP including sub- Saharan Africa (OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.4-0.81; P = .0019), South Asia (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.23-0.80; P = .01), and Latin America/Caribbean (OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.34-0.87; P = .014). Hispanic/Latino ethnicity (OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.23-0.54; P = .002) associated with significantly lower odds of CHIP. Among HIV-specific factors, CD4 nadir <50 cells/mm3 associated with a 1.9-fold (95% CI, 1.21-3.05; P = .006) increased odds of CHIP, with the effect being significantly stronger among individuals with short duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART; OR, 4.15; 95% CI, 1.51-11.1; P = .005) (Pinteraction= .0492). Among PWH at low-to-moderate CAD risk on stable ART, smoking, CD4 nadir, North American origin, and non-Hispanic ethnicity associated with increased odds of CHIP.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Hossain, M., et al.
(författare)
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Potentiality of intermediate depth aquifer as a source of arsenic and manganese safe tubewells in Bangladesh
- 2012
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Ingår i: Understanding the Geological and Medical Interface of Arsenic, As 2012 - 4th International Congress: Arsenic in the Environment. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 9780415637633 ; , s. 71-73
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Shallow tubewells excepting those installed in red/off-white sediments are mostly contaminated with high arsenic. Social survey conducted in 96 villages of Matlab, a worse-affected area of Bangladesh, reveals that only 18% of tubewells provide As-safe water. In such a condition, high Manganese in many wells is found to be an additional problem. Based on monitoring in depth-specific piezometers, drinking water wells were installed in intermediate depth aquifer around 120 m. Ninety percent of the wells installed in light grey medium sand, had arsenic concentrations below the Bangladesh standard of 50 ÎŒg/L and manganese was within the previous WHO guideline (0.4 mg/L). Availability of similar sand over this depth range could be targeted by local drillers to tap safe water at a reasonable cost. Replication trials and periodical monitoring are emphasized for validation and sustainability.
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| 34. |
- Hossain, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Strategic approach for up-scaling safe water access considering hydrogeological suitability and social mapping in Matlab, southeastern Bangladesh
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years, there has been a significant progress in understanding the source and mobilization process, sediment-water interactions, and distributions of arsenic in groundwater environment in Bangladesh. However, the impacts of arsenic mitigation are still very limited. A social survey conducted during 2009-2011 in 96 villages in Matlab revealed that only 18% of total tubewells provide As-safe water. The safe water access also varied between 0 and 90 percent in the region due to lack of knowledge about the local geology and unplanned tubewell development. SASMIT, an initiative of KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group has developed a method for safe tubewell installation considering hydrogeological suitability, safe water access and other relevant social and demographic information into account.Piezometers installed at 15 locations over an area of 410 km2, using local boring techniques allowed to delineate the hydrostratigraphy, characterize the aquifers in terms of sediment characteristics, water chemistry and hydraulic head distribution, which ultimately led to the identification of the suitable aquifers for tapping safe water. The piezometer locations with safe drinking water quality were then targeted for safe well installation based on the determination of safe buffer distances in a cluster of a few villages (mouzas). Social mapping of all the villages within the mauzas were done using GIS to evaluate the availability of safe water options for a cluster of households (bari). For safe well installations, priority was given to regions with safe water access, greater number of beneficiaries especially in poor households, and easy access to the site from a cluster of households. Through this approach, it was thus possible to make 95% of the newly installed wells As-safe thus scaled up the safe water access upto 40% in some mauzas. Thus the as a strategy to improve safe water access, the SASMIT study recommends investigating the hydrogeological suitability through installation of few piezometers with a minimum effort and based on the results the implementation plan can be made using GIS based social mappings for relatively uniform distribution and to maximize the safe water access.
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| 35. |
- Hussain, M., et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of lithium adsorption from seawater via aluminum chloride as adsorbent using response surface methodology
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Sources, Part A. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-7036 .- 1556-7230. ; 46:1, s. 2907-2921
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lithium extraction from natural resources is an accelerating field of research owing to its growing demand in the medical, nuclear, battery, and air conditioning industries. Lithium compounds are used in various industries, including ceramics, glass, lubricant gases, rocket propellant, and aluminum production. The extraction of lithium from seawater via adsorption using AlCl3.6 H2O as an adsorbent is investigated in this study. The effect of process parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time, the molar ratio ([Al3+]/[Li+]), and stirring rate on process efficiency is investigated and optimized. The response surface methodology (RSM) is used to investigate the effects of operating parameters and choose the optimal configuration. A standard synthetic solution containing 50 ppm lithium is prepared and experimented with facilitating comprehension of the procedure. The adsorption efficiency of a synthetic solution is 88% at optimized values, while that of seawater is 78.5%. Seawater has a lower efficiency because it contains ions such as Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, and Na+ that compete for active points/sites during adsorption with lithium ions (Li+).
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| 36. |
- Injamul Hoq, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in the Prevalence of Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh (2010-2020): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Current Diabetes Reviews. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1573-3998. ; 19:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased in Bangladesh. This paper has reviewed published studies on hypertension and T2DM from 2010 to 2020 in Bangladesh and conducted a meta-analysis. Methods The PubMed database was used for systematic search. Hypertension and T2DM were considered for measuring pooled prevalence by meta-analysis. The random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hypertension (n = 30) and T2DM (n = 21) in relevant studies. The quality of the reviewed studies was determined by sampling strategy, sample size, and outcome assessment. The meta-analysis protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42020206315). Results The pooled hypertension and T2DM prevalence was 21.6% (95% CI: 18.8%-24.4%) and 13.6% (95% CI: 10.8%-16.5%), respectively. Females were more hypertensive than males (M vs. F: 18.6% vs. 24.8%), and T2DM was higher in females (M vs. F: 12.4% vs. 13.3%). Urban dwellers were more hypertensive and diabetic than rural people (urban vs. rural: 28.5% vs. 20.3% and 18.8% vs. 14.2%, respectively). An 8% increase in the prevalence of hypertension and T2DM became more than double compared to the 1995-2010 period. Conclusion Future research should focus on the underlying factors that increase the prevalence of these diseases and prevention strategies to reduce the trend of increasing prevalence.
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| 37. |
- Raihan Uddin, M., et al.
(författare)
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Energy analysis of a solar driven vaccine refrigerator using environment-friendly refrigerants for off-grid locations
- 2021
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Ingår i: Energy Conversion and Management. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2590-1745. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many remote localities, one of the underlying reasons for not receiving life-saving vaccines is the lack of electricity to store the vaccines in the required refrigerated conditions. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) refrigerators have been considered as a viable and green solution to store the vaccines in remote localities having no access to electricity. In this paper, a detailed methodology has been presented for the performance evaluation of a solar PV powered vaccine refrigerator for remote locations. Thermal modelling with hourly cooling load calculations and refrigeration cycle simulations were carried out. The performance parameters for three environment-friendly refrigerants: R152a, R1234yf, and R1234ze(E) has been compared against the commonly used R134a for two remote, off-grid locations in Bangladesh and South Sudan. The energy systems comprising of solar PV panels and batteries to run the refrigerator were modelled in HOMER software for techno-economic optimizations. For both the locations, R152a was found to be the best performing refrigerant exhibiting higher COP (2%−5.29%) as compared to the other refrigerants throughout the year, while R1234ze(E) exhibited COPs on par with R134a, and R1234yf had the least performance. Techno-economic analysis showed an energy system providing electricity to the refrigerator with R152a also had lower levelized cost of electricity (0.48%−2.54%) than the systems having other refrigerants in these locations.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Uddin, Md Bashir, et al.
(författare)
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Molecular Detection of Colistin Resistance mcr-1 Gene in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Chicken
- 2022
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Ingår i: Antibiotics. - : MDPI AG. - 2079-6382. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli (hereafter, E. coli) is a global public health threat which can lead to detrimental effects on human health. Here, we aim to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of mcr-1 gene in E. coli isolated from chicken feces. Ninety-four E. coli isolates were obtained from samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh, and the isolates were identified using conventional microbiological tests. Phenotypic disk diffusion tests using 20 antimicrobial agents were performed according to CLSI-EUCAST guidelines, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined for a subset of samples. E. coli isolates showed high resistance to colistin (88.30%), ciprofloxacin (77.66%), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (76.60%), tigecycline (75.53%), and enrofloxacin (71.28%). Additionally, the pathotype eaeA gene was confirmed in ten randomly selected E. coli isolates using primer-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The presence of mcr-1 gene was confirmed using PCR and sequencing analysis in six out of ten E. coli isolates. Furthermore, sequencing and phylogenetic analyses revealed a similarity between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, indicating that the six tested isolates were colistin resistant. Finally, the findings of the present study showed that E. coli isolated from chicken harbored mcr-1 gene, and multidrug and colistin resistance. These findings accentuate the need to implement strict measures to limit the imprudent use of antibiotics, particularly colistin, in agriculture and poultry farms.
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| 42. |
- Uddin, Md Bashir, et al.
(författare)
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Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Detection of mcr-1 Gene in Salmonella Species Isolated from Chicken
- 2021
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Ingår i: Animals. - : MDPI. - 2076-2615. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colistin (polymyxin E) is widely used in animal and human medicine and is increasingly used as one of the last-resort antibiotics against Gram-negative bacilli. Due to the increased use of colistin in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, resistance to this antibiotic ought to be monitored. The study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, genetic relationships and phenotype correlations of colistin-resistant isolates. Here, we report the detection of the mcr-1 gene in chicken-associated Salmonella isolates in Bangladesh and its in-silico functional analysis. Out of 100 samples, 82 Salmonella spp. were isolated from chicken specimens (liver, intestine). Phenotypic disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay using different antimicrobial agents were performed. Salmonella isolates were characterized using PCR methods targeting genus-specific invA and mcr-1 genes with validation for the functional analysis. The majority of the tested Salmonella isolates were found resistant to colistin (92.68%), ciprofloxacin (73.17%), tigecycline (62.20%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.98%). When screened using PCR, five out of ten Salmonella isolates were found to carry the mcr-1 gene. One isolate was confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, and other four isolates were confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolutionary relationship between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, rendering them resistant to colistin. Three-dimensional homology structural analysis of MCR-1 proteins and molecular docking interactions suggested that MCR-1 and LptA share a similar substrate binding cavity, which could be validated for the functional analysis. The comprehensive molecular and in-silico analyses of the colistin resistance mcr-1 gene of Salmonella spp. of chicken origin in the present study highlight the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance for antimicrobial resistance among pathogens in food chain animals.
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| 43. |
- Uddin, M, et al.
(författare)
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Indexing Effects of Copy Number Variation on Genes Involved in Developmental Delay
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 6, s. 28663-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A challenge in clinical genomics is to predict whether copy number variation (CNV) affecting a gene or multiple genes will manifest as disease. Increasing recognition of gene dosage effects in neurodevelopmental disorders prompted us to develop a computational approach based on critical-exon (highly expressed in brain, highly conserved) examination for potential etiologic effects. Using a large CNV dataset, our updated analyses revealed significant (P < 1.64 × 10−15) enrichment of critical-exons within rare CNVs in cases compared to controls. Separately, we used a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct an unbiased protein module from prenatal and adult tissues and found it significantly enriched for critical exons in prenatal (P < 1.15 × 10−50, OR = 2.11) and adult (P < 6.03 × 10−18, OR = 1.55) tissues. WGCNA yielded 1,206 proteins for which we prioritized the corresponding genes as likely to have a role in neurodevelopmental disorders. We compared the gene lists obtained from critical-exon and WGCNA analysis and found 438 candidate genes associated with CNVs annotated as pathogenic, or as variants of uncertain significance (VOUS), from among 10,619 developmental delay cases. We identified genes containing CNVs previously considered to be VOUS to be new candidate genes for neurodevelopmental disorders (GIT1, MVB12B and PPP1R9A) demonstrating the utility of this strategy to index the clinical effects of CNVs.
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| 44. |
- Uddin, M. N., et al.
(författare)
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The Mechanistic Role of Thymoquinone in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroprotection in Pre-Clinical Studies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Current Molecular Pharmacology. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1874-4672. ; 14:6, s. 1083-1092
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thymoquinone (TQ) is one of the leading phytochemicals, which is abundantly found in Nigella sativa L. seeds. TQ exhibited various biological effects such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-tumoral in several pre-clinical studies. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a long-term neurodegenerative disease with movement difficulties, and the common feature of neurodegeneration in PD patients is caused by dopaminergic neural damage in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The neuroprotective activity of TQ has been studied in various neurological disorders. TQ-mediated neuroprotection against PD is yet to be reported in a single frame; therefore, this review is intended to narrate the potentiality of TQ in the therapy of PD. TQ has been shown to protect against neurotoxins via amelioration of neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, thereby protecting neurodegeneration in PD models. TQ could be an emerging therapeutic intervention in PD management, but mechanistic studies remain to be investigated to clarify its neuroprotective role.
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| 45. |
- Uddin, S., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of loss of Po-210 from fish and shrimp by cooking and its effect on dose estimates to humans ingesting seafood
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier BV. - 0265-931X. ; 205, s. 1-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental study was conducted to assess loss of Po-210 due to cooking fresh seafood, and provide a more realistic and reliable dose estimate that humans may receive from consuming cooked seafood. Fresh fish and shrimp samples from Northern Gulf waters were grilled and boiled to simulate the effect of different cooking methods. Sixteen different species of fish were compared and significant differences in Po-210 concentration in uncooked samples were observed between species (ANOVA I, F-15,F-79 = 362.81, p < 0.0001). The effect of the treatment (uncooked, grilled, boiled and stock) was compared for each species and it was found that cooking led to a significant decrease in Po-210 concentration ranging from 14 to 58% compared to the uncooked samples, with no difference between grilled or boiled treatments. The effect of the cooking and shrimp treatment on Po-210 concentration was tested using ANOVA II after logarithmic transformation. Cooking led to a significant 38% reduction of Po-210 concentration as compared to uncooked treatments with no difference between grilled and boiled samples (ANOVA I: F-3,F-99 = 14.72, p < 0.0001). The two treatments with deveined shrimp led to a 75% decrease in Po-210 concentration as compared to all other treatments. As a consequence, cooked deveined shrimp contained an 84% lower Po-210 concentration than whole uncooked shrimp. As Po-210 is known to be the major contributor to radiation dose in humans consuming seafood, based on the results obtained, it is evident there is a need to re-examine how committed effective doses (CEDs) are best calculated for seafood consuming populations considering that most populations consume fish and shellfish cooked.
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| 46. |
- Yu, Zhi, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic modification of inflammation- and clonal hematopoiesis-associated cardiovascular risk
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Investigation. - 0021-9738. ; 133:18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), putatively via inflammasome activation. We pursued an inflammatory gene modifier scan for CHIP-associated CVD risk among 424,651 UK Biobank participants. We identified CHIP using whole-exome sequencing data of blood DNA and modeled as a composite, considering all driver genes together, as well as separately for common drivers (DNMT3A, TET2, ASXL1, and JAK2). We developed predicted gene expression scores for 26 inflammasome-related genes and assessed how they modify CHIP-associated CVD risk. We identified IL1RAP as a potential key molecule for CHIP-associated CVD risk across genes and increased AIM2 gene expression leading to heightened JAK2- and ASXL1-associated CVD risk. We show that CRISPR-induced Asxl1-mutated murine macrophages had a particularly heightened inflammatory response to AIM2 agonism, associated with an increased DNA damage response, as well as increased IL-10 secretion, mirroring a CVDprotective effect of IL10 expression in ASXL1 CHIP. Our study supports the role of inflammasomes in CHIP-associated CVD and provides evidence to support gene-specific strategies to address CHIP-associated CVD risk.
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| 47. |
- Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud I., et al.
(författare)
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A multi-omics approach to delineate sputum microbiome-associated asthma inflammatory phenotypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Respiratory Journal. - : European Respiratory Society. - 0903-1936 .- 1399-3003. ; 59:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-omics approach revealed the underlying biological pathways in the microbiome-driven severe asthma phenotypes. This may help to elucidate new leads for treatment development, particularly for the therapeutically challenging neutrophilic asthma.
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| 48. |
- Akpan, Edifofon, et al.
(författare)
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Cost-effectiveness of universal iron supplementation and iron-containing micronutrient powders for anemia among young children in rural Bangladesh : analysis of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 116:5, s. 1303-1313
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Universal provision of iron supplements or iron-containing multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is widely used to prevent anemia in young children in low- and middle-income countries. The BRISC (Benefits and Risks of Iron Interventions in Children) trial compared iron supplements and MNPs with placebo in children <2 y old in rural Bangladesh. Objectives: We aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of iron supplements or iron-containing MNPs among young children in rural Bangladesh. Methods: We did a cost-effectiveness analysis of MNPs and iron supplements using the BRISC trial outcomes and resource use data, and programmatic data from the literature. Health care costs were assessed from a health system perspective. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in terms of US$ per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. To explore uncertainty, we constructed cost-effectiveness acceptability curves using bootstrapped data over a range of cost-effectiveness thresholds. One- and 2-way sensitivity analyses tested the impact of varying key parameter values on our results. Results: Provision of MNPs was estimated to avert 0.0031 (95% CI: 0.0022, 0.0041) DALYs/child, whereas iron supplements averted 0.0039 (95% CI: 0.0030, 0.0048) DALYs/child, over 1 y compared with no intervention. Incremental mean costs were $0.75 (95% CI: 0.73, 0.77) for MNPs compared with no intervention and $0.64 ($0.62, $0.67) for iron supplements compared with no intervention. Iron supplementation dominated MNPs because it was cheaper and averted more DALYs. Iron supplementation had an ICER of $1645 ($1333, $2153) per DALY averted compared with no intervention, and had a 0% probability of being the optimal strategy at cost-effectiveness thresholds of $200 (reflecting health opportunity costs in Bangladesh) and $985 [half of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita] per DALY averted. Scenario and sensitivity analyses supported the base case findings. Conclusions: These findings do not support universal iron supplementation or micronutrient powders as a cost-effective intervention for young children in rural Bangladesh.
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| 49. |
- Badi, Yusef Eamon, et al.
(författare)
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Mapping atopic dermatitis and anti–IL-22 response signatures to type 2–low severe neutrophilic asthma
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 0091-6749 .- 1097-6825. ; 149:1, s. 89-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Transcriptomic changes in patients who respond clinically to biological therapies may identify responses in other tissues or diseases.Objective: We sought to determine whether a disease signature identified in atopic dermatitis (AD) is seen in adults with severe asthma and whether a transcriptomic signature for patients with AD who respond clinically to anti–IL-22 (fezakinumab [FZ]) is enriched in severe asthma.Methods: An AD disease signature was obtained from analysis of differentially expressed genes between AD lesional and nonlesional skin biopsies. Differentially expressed genes from lesional skin from therapeutic superresponders before and after 12 weeks of FZ treatment defined the FZ-response signature. Gene set variation analysis was used to produce enrichment scores of AD and FZ-response signatures in the Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes asthma cohort.Results: The AD disease signature (112 upregulated genes) encompassing inflammatory, T-cell, TH2, and TH17/TH22 pathways was enriched in the blood and sputum of patients with asthma with increasing severity. Patients with asthma with sputum neutrophilia and mixed granulocyte phenotypes were the most enriched (P <.05). The FZ-response signature (296 downregulated genes) was enriched in asthmatic blood (P <.05) and particularly in neutrophilic and mixed granulocytic sputum (P <.05). These data were confirmed in sputum of the Airway Disease Endotyping for Personalized Therapeutics cohort. IL-22 mRNA across tissues did not correlate with FZ-response enrichment scores, but this response signature correlated with TH22/IL-22 pathways.Conclusions: The FZ-response signature in AD identifies severe neutrophilic asthmatic patients as potential responders to FZ therapy. This approach will help identify patients for future asthma clinical trials of drugs used successfully in other chronic diseases.
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| 50. |
- Barsanti, M., et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and limitations of the Pb-210 sediment dating method : Results from an IAEA modelling interlaboratory comparison exercise
- 2020
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Ingår i: Quaternary Geochronology. - : Elsevier. - 1871-1014 .- 1878-0350. ; 59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Pb-210 sediment dating is the most widely used method to determine recent (similar to 100-150 years) chronologies and sediment accumulation rates in aquatic environments and has been used effectively for reconstruction of diverse environmental processes associated with global change. Owing to the relative accessibility of the Pb-210 methodology, many environmental chronologies have been produced, but not always critically assessed. Sometimes, sedimentary processes such as compaction, local mixing, erosion, or episodic sedimentation are not taken into account, nor the validity of the fundamental premises and proper estimation of uncertainties assessed. A Pb-210 dating interlaboratory comparison modelling exercise was designed within the framework of the IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Coordinated Research Project "Study of temporal trends of pollution in selected coastal areas by the application of isotopic and nuclear tools" (CRP K41016), to identify potential problems associated with the use of Pb-210 dating models and to suggest best practices to obtain reliable reconstructions. The exercise involved 14 laboratories worldwide with different levels of expertise in the application of the Pb-210 dating methods. The dating exercise was performed using Pb-210, Ra-226 and Cs-137 activity data from two sediment cores (coastal and lacustrine sediments), and the participants were requested to provide their Pb-210 chronologies based on dating models. This modelling exercise evidenced the limitations and constraints of Pb-210 method when supplementary and validation information is not available. The exercise highlighted the relevance of solid understanding of the fundamentals, assumptions and limitations of the Pb-210 dating method and its validation, and allowed identifying key aspects to improve the reliability of Pb-210 dating process, including: a critical examination and interpretation of the Pb-210 activity depth profile; an appropriate selection of the Pb-210 dating model according to the characteristics of the Pb-210 activity profile and the environmental setting taking into account sediment compaction in the calculations; a sound identification of the Pb-210 equilibrium depth and the estimation of the Pb-210 inventory ensuring the best possible estimation of interpolated Pb-210 values when needed; and the use of independent markers to corroborate the age models.
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