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- Allen, Craig R., et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying spatial resilience
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 53:3, s. 625-635
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Anthropogenic stressors affect the ecosystems upon which humanity relies. In some cases when resilience is exceeded, relatively small linear changes in stressors can cause relatively abrupt and nonlinear changes in ecosystems. 2. Ecological regime shifts occur when resilience is exceeded and ecosystems enter a new local equilibrium that differs in its structure and function from the previous state. Ecological resilience, the amount of disturbance that a system can withstand before it shifts into an alternative stability domain, is an important framework for understanding and managing ecological systems subject to collapse and reorganization. 3. Recently, interest in the influence of spatial characteristics of landscapes on resilience has increased. Understanding how spatial structure and variation in relevant variables in landscapes affects resilience to disturbance will assist with resilience quantification, and with local and regional management. 4. Synthesis and applications. We review the history and current status of spatial resilience in the research literature, expand upon existing literature to develop a more operational definition of spatial resilience, introduce additional elements of a spatial analytical approach to understanding resilience, present a framework for resilience operationalization and provide an overview of critical knowledge and technology gaps that should be addressed for the advancement of spatial resilience theory and its applications to management and conservation.
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- Beck, R., et al.
(författare)
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GPSDTN : Predictive velocity-enabled delay-tolerant networks for arctic research and sustainability
- 2007
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Ingår i: Second International Conference on Internet Monitoring and Protection (ICIMP 2007). - Los Alamitos, Calif : IEEE Computer Society Press. - 9780769529110
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Delay-Tolerant Network (DTN) is a necessity for communication nodes that may need to wait for long periods to form networks. The IETF Delay Tolerant Network Research Group is developing protocols to enable such networks for a broad variety of Earth and interplanetary applications. The Arctic would benefit from a predictive velocity-enabled version of DTN that would facilitate communications between sparse, ephemeral, often mobile and extremely power-limited nodes. We propose to augment DTN with power-aware, buffer-aware location- and time-based predictive routing for ad-hoc meshes to create networks that are inherently location and time (velocity) aware at the network level to support climate research, emergency services and rural education in the Arctic. On Earth, the primary source of location and universal time information for networks is the Global Positioning System (GPS). We refer to this Arctic velocity-enabled Delay-Tolerant Network protocol as "GPSDTN" accordingly. This paper describes our requirements analysis and general implementation strategy for GPSDTN to support Arctic research and sustainability efforts
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- Bremmer, S, et al.
(författare)
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Defaeco-peritoneography in the diagnosis of rectal intussusception and rectal prolapse
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 38:44 Pt 1, s. 578-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of defaeco-peritone-ography in diagnosing rectal intussusception as distinct from mucosal folds in the rectum, and rectal prolapse as distinct from mucosal prolapse. Material and Methods: Fifty-seven patients with defaecation disorders were examined by means of defaeco-peritoneography. Results: Twenty-three patients had rectal intussusception and 7 patients had rectal prolapse at defaeco-peritoneography. All these patients had a rectal peritoneocele in the serosal ring-pocket of the rectal intussusception or in the rectal prolapse. Twenty-seven patients had neither rectal intussusception nor rectal prolapse and none of these patients had a rectal peritoneocele. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that only patients with a rectal intussusception or rectal prolapse have a rectal peritoneocele. Defaeco-peritoneography therefore offers correct diagnosis of rectal intussusception as distinct from mucosal folds in the rectum, and of rectal prolapse as distinct from mucosal prolapse.
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- Bremmer, S, et al.
(författare)
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Peritoneocele and enterocele. Formation and transformation during rectal evacuation as studied by means of defaeco-peritoneography
- 1998
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 39:2, s. 167-175
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: to study, by means of defaeco-peritoneography, the formation and transformation of the peritoneocele, with and without an enterocele, during rectal evacuation Material and Methods: Forty-six patients with a peritoneocele at defaeco-peritoneography were selected for the study, and examined at three different stages: 1) at the start with a contrast-filled rectum; 2) at maximum straining; and 3) at rest after rectal evacuation Results: Fourteen patients had a peritoneocele at the start. These peritoneoceles were largest at maximum straining and were all still present at rest after rectal evacuation. in 32 patients defaeco-peritoneography was regarded as normal at the start. at maximum straining these patients developed a peritoneocele and 20 of these were still present after rectal evacuation. No enterocele was seen at the start. at maximum straining 21 patients developed an enterocele and 15 of these were still present after rectal evacuation. Liquid in varying amounts was found in the peritoneoceles Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that peritoneoceles were present at different stages of the defaeco-peritoneographic investigations. Peritoneoceles were most frequent and largest at maximum straining. an enterocele was present in half of the peritoneoceles at maximum straining, but never at the start. Liquid was often present in the peritoneoceles
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- Gröndal, S, et al.
(författare)
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Adrenocortical carcinoma : A retrospective study of a rare tumor with a poor prognosis.
- 1990
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Ingår i: European Journal of Surgical Oncology. - 0748-7983 .- 1532-2157. ; 16:6, s. 500-506
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A retrospective study was performed on 54 patients diagnosed as having adrenocortical carcinoma during 1974-1983. The initial symptoms were often diffuse: abdominal pain, weight loss, or fever, and more than 60% of the patients showed no evidence of overproduction of hormone. The median tumor diameter was 13 cm and almost half of the tumors had metastasized at diagnosis. A radical tumor resection could be performed in less than 50% of the patients, and at histopathological re-examination some tumors were not conclusively verified as malignant. Capsular invasion, nuclear pleomorphism and mitoses were found more commonly in patients who succumbed to the disease. Seven of 29 patients treated with chemotherapy showed an objective response and two of them are still alive and free of disease. The overall 5-year-survival rate was 19%, compared with 45% for patients with radically resected tumors. Patients with no biochemical signs of overproduction of adrenocortical hormone appeared to have a better prognosis than those with hormone excess. Together with increased use of ultrasound and computed tomography, a urinary steroid profile might hopefully contribute to earlier discovery of these often clinically silent tumors. However, it remains to be determined whether these diagnostic improvements, together with more aggressive surgery and adrenolytic chemotherapy, can improve the poor prognosis.
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