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- Schmidt, Hartmut H., et al.
(författare)
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Patisiran treatment in patients with hereditary transthyretin-mediated amyloidosis with polyneuropathy after liver transplantation
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 22:6, s. 1646-1657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary transthyretin-mediated (hATTR) amyloidosis, or ATTRv amyloidosis, is a progressive disease, for which liver transplantation (LT) has been a long-standing treatment. However, disease progression continues post-LT. This Phase 3b, open-label trial evaluated efficacy and safety of patisiran in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy progression post-LT. Primary endpoint was median transthyretin (TTR) reduction from baseline. Twenty-three patients received patisiran for 12 months alongside immunosuppression regimens. Patisiran elicited a rapid, sustained TTR reduction (median reduction [Months 6 and 12 average], 91.0%; 95% CI: 86.1%–92.3%); improved neuropathy, quality of life, and autonomic symptoms from baseline to Month 12 (mean change [SEM], Neuropathy Impairment Score, −3.7 [2.7]; Norfolk Quality of Life-Diabetic Neuropathy questionnaire, −6.5 [4.9]; least-squares mean [SEM], Composite Autonomic Symptom Score-31, −5.0 [2.6]); and stabilized disability (Rasch-built Overall Disability Scale) and nutritional status (modified body mass index). Adverse events were mild or moderate; five patients experienced ≥1 serious adverse event. Most patients had normal liver function tests. One patient experienced transplant rejection consistent with inadequate immunosuppression, remained on patisiran, and completed the study. In conclusion, patisiran reduced serum TTR, was well tolerated, and improved or stabilized key disease impairment measures in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis with polyneuropathy progression post-LT (www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT03862807).
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| 2. |
- Unéus, Erica Irene, et al.
(författare)
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Cerebellar and Cerebral Amyloid Visualized by [18F]flutemetamol PET in Long-Term Hereditary V30M (p.V50M) Transthyretin Amyloidosis Survivors
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis caused by the V30M (p. V50M) mutation is a fatal, neuropathic systemic amyloidosis. Liver transplantation has prolonged the survival of patients and central nervous system (CNS) complications, attributed to amyloid angiopathy caused by CNS synthesis of variant transthyretin, have emerged. The study aimed to ascertain amyloid deposition within the brain in long-term ATTRv amyloidosis survivors with neurological symptoms from the CNS.Methods: A total of 20 patients with ATTR V30M having symptoms from the CNS and a median disease duration of 16 years (8–25 years) were included in this study. The cognitive and peripheral nervous functions were determined for 18 patients cross-sectionally at the time of the investigation. Amyloid brain deposits were examined by [18F]flutemetamol PET/CT. Five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) served as positive controls.Result: 60% of the patients with ATTRv had a pathological Z-score in the cerebellum, compared to only 20% in the patients with AD. 75% of the patients with transient focal neurological episodes (TFNEs) displayed a pathological uptake only in the cerebellum. Increased cerebellar uptake was related to an early age of onset of the ATTRv disease. 55% of the patients with ATTRv had a pathological Z-score in the global cerebral region compared to 100% of the patients with AD.Conclusion: Amyloid deposition within the brain after long-standing ATTRv amyloidosis is common, especially in the cerebellum. A cerebellar amyloid uptake profile seems to be related to TFNE symptoms.
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| 3. |
- Unéus, Erica, et al.
(författare)
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Visualisation of amyloid deposition within the brain of long-term hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis survivors by 18F-flutemetamol positron emission tomography
- 2019
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neurology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1351-5101 .- 1468-1331. ; 26:S1, s. 287-287
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: Hereditary transthyretin amyloid (ATTRv) amyloidosis caused by the transthyretin (TTR) Val30Met (p.V50M) mutation is characterised by peripheral neuropathy, and central nervous (CNS) complications has rarely been reported. However, liver transplantation has prolonged the patients’ survival, and CNS complications attributed to amyloid angiopathy caused by CNS synthesis of variant TTR have been reported. The aim of the study was to ascertain CNS amyloid deposition in long-term ATTRv survivors.Methods: 20 ATTR Val30Met patients with symptoms from the CNS and a median disease duration of 16 years (9-25 years) together with five Alzheimer (AD) patients, who served as positive controls were included in the study. Amyloid CNS deposits were assessed by 18F- flutemetamol PET/CT examination utilising relative z scores with pons as reference.Results: Expectedly, all Alzheimer patients had an clearly increased global composite z score above 2.0 compared with 55% of the ATTRv patients. There was an increased local uptake corresponding to cerebellum in 12 ATTRv patients compared to only one in the AD group (fig 1). Four of these ATTRv patients had a global composite z score within the normal range. No correlation between duration after 9 years and amyloid CNS deposition was noted.Conclusion: Amyloid deposition within the brain after long-standing ATTRv amyloidosis is increased and is often noted in the cerebellum. However, not all patient display amyloid CNS deposition, thus, additional causes for CNS complications should always be considered.
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| 4. |
- Wixner, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis - from symptomatic to curative treatment? : [Ärftlig transtyretinamyloidos – från lindring till potentiell bot]
- 2022
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges Läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 119, s. 26-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hereditary transthyretin (ATTRv) amyloidosis is a rare but life-threatening multi-systemic disease with clustering areas in, for example, northern Sweden. Until the 1990s, only symptomatic treatments were available but liver transplantation has, in selected patients, been a good therapeutic option since. The first disease-modifying drug for ATTRv amyloidosis was approved in 2011 and since then, the development of new therapeutic drugs has been rapid and successful. Two gene silencing therapies were approved for the disease in 2018, both showing a robust reduction in serum transthyretin levels and a satisfactory safety profile. Recently, CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing has also shown promising results in patients with ATTRv amyloidosis. The recent developments have had a paramount effect on the management of these patients, and will probably also have a significant positive effect on their life expectancy. However, treatment costs have skyrocketed, which implies future challenges.
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