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- Balogh, Istvan, et al.
(författare)
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Self-assessed and directly measured occupational physical activities - influence of musculoskeletal complaints, age and gender
- 2004
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-9126 .- 0003-6870. ; 35:1, s. 49-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study compares questionnaire assessed physical activity with direct technical measurements among cleaners and office workers, stratified regarding age, gender and self-reported neck/shoulder complaints. During two full working days number of steps was recorded by a pedometer, sitting/standing positions by a posimeter and heart rate by a Sport-Tester. In addition the subjects kept a work task diary for 10 days. There were high intra-individual variations in exposure between the days. Subjects with complaints rated their exposure higher than those without, although they in fact showed lower direct measured exposure. This may imply underestimation of exposure-effect relationships. Rate of perceived exertion showed low correlation with heart rate ratio within the two occupational groups, but high, 0.64 when the two groups were combined. Age and complaints explained 31% of the variance for the cleaners.
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| 4. |
- Halder, Amitava, et al.
(författare)
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Muscle electrical activity changes over time during stair ascending until exhaustion
- 2018
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Ingår i: 22nd Congress of the International Society of Electrophysiology and Kinesiology (ISEK).
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIM Non-stop stair ascending at maximum speed is required to reach a safe refuge level from deep underground structures, such as subways and in high-rise buildings in an emergency evacuation situation. Endurance of stair climbing and identifying the time of the onset of leg’s local muscle fatigue (LMF) are interests in evacuation research. The objective of this laboratory study was to investigate leg muscles’ electrical activity changes in electromyography (EMG) over time during stair ascending until exhaustion on a stair machine. METHODS The developed muscle activity rate change (MARC) in muscle activity interpretation square (MAIS) was used to evaluate leg LMF at constant step rates equivalent to individual 100% VO2max level. This result is used to validate the MAIS. The MAIS is based on the four assumptions of EMG muscle activity (AMP and MDF) rate change (MARC) over the ascending durations. An increase in AMP and MDF is an indication of: 1) muscle force increase. An increase in AMP and a decrease in MDF is an indication of: 2) muscle fatigue. A decrease in AMP and MDF is an indication of: 3) muscle force decrease. A decrease in AMP and an increase in MDF is an indication of: 4) fatigue recovery. MARC was observed on the both AMP and MDF values of the ten equal length divisions (10%) in the total ascending period (100%). The averages of the MDF and normalized AMP for each equally divided 10% period were calculated for all subjects to yield 1 data point, and totally 10 data points. These 10 periodical average AMP and MDF data points (10-100%) and the changes between the unit times represent the MARC for each muscle during ascension. Later, both the AMP and MDF MARC values are combined to get one final point for each tenth percentile duration and presented into the MAIS, which is used to estimate muscle fatigue.MARC values are derived by the following equation:∆MARC = (x_n-x_(n-1))/(t ̅⁄10) where, ΔMARC is change in a selected parameter (AMP and MDF) over normalized time;x_n is the selected parameter (AMP and MDF) value at each normalized time point n;x_(n-1) is the selected parameter value at a normalized time point n-1;t ̅ is the average duration in seconds for the stair ascending;10 is the total number of normalized times.RESULTS The appearances of MARC points in the MAISs showed the state of muscle activity changes over time during this predetermined and constant ascending speed at 100% of VO2max on a stair machine. Most of the muscles’ MARC points at 90-100% periods were found in the muscle fatigue squares. Moreover, individual AMP and MDF analysis showed significantly increased and decreased, respectively, which supported the interpretations made by the MAIS.CONCLUSIONS These stair ascending EMG results supported the MARC and MAIS when interpreting muscle fatigue. They seem promising to interpret muscle activity changes per unit time during dynamic tasks over the whole working duration in different activities.
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| 5. |
- Halder, Amitava, et al.
(författare)
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Physiological Capacity During Simulated Stair Climbing Evacuation at Maximum Speed Until Exhaustion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Fire Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0015-2684 .- 1572-8099.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stair-ascending at maximum ability is required during emergency evacuations to reach a safe refuge from deep underground structures. We hypothesized that an ascent can last maximum 5 min at the individual’s maximum step rate (SR), and oxygen uptake (V˙O2) would not reach a stable state. This study explored stair-ascending endurance and some physiological constraints of performance. Eighteen healthy volunteers with mean (standard deviation, SD) age 26.7 (4.0) years, height 172.2 (10.7) cm, weight 68.0 (11.3) kg, BSA 1.8 (0.2) m−2, V˙O2max 48.5 (5.4) mL min−1 kg−1, and HRmax 192 (9) b min−1 ascended on a stair machine at a SR equivalent to their 100% V˙O2max. The mean (SD) ascending duration was 3.47 (1.18) min, supporting the hypothesis. The calculated vertical height covered was 85.5 (32.1) m. The V˙O2highest reached 44.8 (7.3) mL min−1 kg−1, which was 92.3 (9.7)% of V˙O2max when the HRhighest peaked at 174 (11) b min−1. However, the mean V˙O2 reached a relatively steady state after the sharp rise. The post-ascent blood lactate, respiratory exchange ratio, and perceived exertion values recorded were high, 14.4 (4.0) mmol l−1, 1.20 (0.09), and 18.2 (0.7), respectively, indicated that exhaustion was reached. The ascending SR rate was above the lactate threshold; therefore, the attainment of V˙O2 steady state was slowly reached. EMG amplitudes of four major leg muscles increased and the median frequencies of two muscles decreased significantly (p < .01) indicating local muscle fatigue (LMF). Leg LMF and hyperventilation resulted in speedy exhaustion leading to termination. These results infer that stair ascending at maximum ability (122 steps min−1) is possible to sustain 2–6 min. These overall results offer useful and vital information to consider when designing underground emergency evacuation facilities
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| 6. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Physical workload in various types of work: Part I. Wrist and forearm
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 39:1, s. 221-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The quantitative relationship between exposure to physical risk factors and upper extremity work-related musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSDs) is virtually unknown. To explore the variation, objective measurements were derived in 43 types of work (686 individuals), using goniometry for the wrists and electromyography (EMG) for the forearm extensor muscles. The variations due to work were great for wrist movements, wrist positions, muscular rest, as well as peak load, ranging 1.4-54 degrees/s (flexion velocity; 50th percentile), -30 degrees-3 degrees (flexion angle; 50th percentile), 0.2-23% of time, and 3.4-41% of maximal EMG (90th percentile), respectively. Even within work categories, e.g. "repetitive industrial", there were large variations for all measures. Hence, classification without measurements has limited value. All movement measures were highly correlated (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar=0.82-0.99), but only weakly so to positions (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.01-0.43). Muscular rest and "static load" (10th percentile), were highly correlated (r(s) = -0.92), but not associated to peak load (90th percentile; vertical bar r(s)vertical bar= 0.05 and 0.08, respectively). Most low-velocity work was accompanied by much muscular rest; however, the low velocity for mouse-intensive computer-work meant very little rest. Technical measurements are suitable as exposure measures in epidemiological studies, as well as a base for decisions about interventions. The multidimensional character of exposure - wrist movements, wrist postures, muscular recovery, and peak load - has to be considered. Relevance to industry: Direct measurements provide objective and quantitative measures of the main physical risk factors for UE-WMSDs, appropriate for estimating the risk, as well as giving priority to, and evaluating, interventions. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Hansson, Gert-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Physical workload in various types of work: Part II. Neck, shoulder and upper arm
- 2010
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Ingår i: International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-8141. ; 40:3, s. 267-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To explore the correlation between, and the variation in, various measures of exposure to potential risk factors for work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UE-WMSDs), physical workload was measured in 43 types of work (713 individuals), using inclinometry for the head and upper arms, and electromyography (EMG) for the trapezius muscles. Many exposure measures were highly correlated. Head flexion (90th percentile), extension (1st percentile), and movements (50th percentile); arm elevation (99th percentile) and movements (50th percentile); trapezius muscular rest (fraction of time) and peak load (90th percentile), constitute main exposure dimensions. The variations were large: head: flexion 9 degrees-63 degrees, extension -39 degrees-4 degrees, movements 2.3-33 degrees/s; arm: elevation 49 degrees-124 degrees, movements 3.0-103 degrees/s; trapezius: muscular rest 0.8%-52% of time, peak load 3.1%-24% of maximal EMC. Even within work categories, e.g. "repetitive industrial", there were large variations. Somewhat higher loads were recorded on the right as compared to the left side (differences: arm elevation 2, arm movements 19%; trapezius peak load 18%), but these were small compared to the differences due to work. There were high correlations between movements of arm and head (r(s) = 0.96), as well as arm and wrist (r(s) = 0.92), and between, on the one hand, trapezius muscular rest and peak load, and on the other, arm and head movements (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.47-0.62), as well as arm elevation (vertical bar r(s)vertical bar = 0.54-0.85), which has to be considered when assessing exposure-response relations. Relevance to industry: Direct measurements provide objective and quantitative data of the main physical risk factors for UE-WMSDs, appropriate for estimating the risk, as well as giving priority to and evaluating interventions. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 14. |
- Unge, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in physical workload, psychosocial factors and musculoskeletal disorders between two groups of female hospital cleaners with two diverse organizational models
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 81:2, s. 209-220
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To clarify if differences in the physical workload, the psychosocial factors and in musculoskeletal disorders can be attributed to work organizational factors. Methods The physical workload (muscular activity of m. trapezius, positions and movements of the head, upper arms and wrists and heart rate) was assessed in 24 female hospital cleaners working in a traditional work organization (TO) and in 22 working in an extended one (i.e. with an enlarged work content and more responsibilities; EO). The psychosocial work environment was assessed as job demand, decision latitude and social support in 135 (TO) and 111 (EO) cleaners, and disorders of the neck and upper extremity by a physical examination. Results The EO group was associated with lower physical workload, in terms of heart rate ratio (23 vs 32; P < 0.001), head and upper arm positions and movements (right upper arm, 50th percentile, 35 degrees/s vs 71 degrees/s; P < 0.001) and wrist movements (20 degrees/s vs 27 degrees/s; P = 0.001), than the TO group. The EO group reported higher decision latitude and lower work demand than the TO one, while we found no difference in social support. The prevalence of complaints and diagnoses in neck/shoulders were lower in the EO group (diagnoses 35% vs 48%; P = 0.04). Moreover, the prevalence of subjects with at least ten physical finding in elbows/hands was lower in the EO group (10 vs 29; P < 0.001). Conclusion Hospital cleaners have a high prevalence of neck and upper limb disorders and a high physical workload. Comparing two groups of cleaners, with differences in the way of organizing the work, lower physical workload, more beneficial psychosocial factors and a better musculoskeletal health was found in the group with an extended organization. Hence, the differences found can be attributed to the organizational factors.
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| 17. |
- Unge, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
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Learning spaces for health sciences – what is the role of e-learning in physiotherapy and occupational therapy education? A literature review
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Therapy Reviews. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1083-3196 .- 1743-288X. ; 23:1, s. 50-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our aim was to explore the current state of e-learning activities during physiotherapy and occupational therapy education, in relation to theories and models about learning. What kind of e-learning activities were described and which were the intentions behind the use of digital support expressed in current physiotherapy and occupational therapy literature? The search was done using four different search engines. Twenty articles met the inclusion criteria and where included. Three categories of e-learning activities were identified. (1) Communication space, (2) enabling learning activities, and (3) ambition to create a learning space. The first category revolved around the individual use of social media, how it could be developed and the benefits from it in a learning environment. The second category had a narrow focus on a specific element of the learning sequence and how it is mastered and/or perceived. The third category, the theoretical base, is varied covering considerations about the learning itself from constructivist and connectivist origin and theories pertaining to the design of teaching and learning activities. The underlying theoretical support for the activity developed was only described in some of the studies. To furthering the field clearer rationale informed by research developed theories and models would promote system alignment and educational development. This review maybe of value to educators in physiotherapy and occupational therapy as it proposes frameworks that may guide in identifying approaches to improve education.
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| 18. |
- Unge, Jeannette, et al.
(författare)
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Physical workload on neck and upper limb using two CAD applications.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - 1872-9126. ; 33:1, s. 63-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to evaluate (1) the physical workload on neck and upper limb in computer-aided design (CAD) work; (2) the impact of two applications (PROFESSIONAL-CADAM and PRO/Engineering) and (3) two input devices (computer mouse and keyboard), as well as (4) sitting and standing work positions. Fifteen CAD operators were interviewed and examined physically. For nine subjects, the physical workload was measured: electromyography (EMG) of trapezius and forearm extensor muscles, inclinometry of the head, the upper back and upper arms, as well as wrist goniometry. The muscular load was low in CAD work, but the inter-individual variation was considerable. Neither the positions were extreme, nor the movements. The applications, per se, did not have a large impact on the workload, but because of the need for different input devices the effect was strong. Using a keyboard meant higher angular velocities than using a mouse. Hence, when choosing a new software, which requires mainly a mouse as input device, this has to be balanced against the risk of disorders.
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