| 1. |
- Borgegard, Tomas, et al.
(author)
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Alzheimers Disease: Presenilin 2-Sparing gamma-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable A beta Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Neuroscience. - : Society for Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- gamma-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid beta (A beta) peptide production in Alzheimers disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of gamma-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The gamma-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between A beta production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1(PS1) over PS2 subclass of gamma-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain A beta levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious gamma-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 2. |
- Borgegård, Tomas, et al.
(author)
-
Alzheimer's Disease : Presenilin 2-Sparing γ-Secretase Inhibition Is a Tolerable Aβ Peptide-Lowering Strategy
- 2012
-
In: Journal of Neuroscience. - 0270-6474 .- 1529-2401. ; 32:48, s. 17297-17305
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- γ-Secretase inhibition represents a major therapeutic strategy for lowering amyloid β (Aβ) peptide production in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Progress toward clinical use of γ-secretase inhibitors has, however, been hampered due to mechanism-based adverse events, primarily related to impairment of Notch signaling. The γ-secretase inhibitor MRK-560 represents an exception as it is largely tolerable in vivo despite displaying only a small selectivity between Aβ production and Notch signaling in vitro. In exploring the molecular basis for the observed tolerability, we show that MRK-560 displays a strong preference for the presenilin 1 (PS1) over PS2 subclass of γ-secretases and is tolerable in wild-type mice but causes dose-dependent Notch-related side effect in PS2-deficient mice at drug exposure levels resulting in a substantial decrease in brain Aβ levels. This demonstrates that PS2 plays an important role in mediating essential Notch signaling in several peripheral organs during pharmacological inhibition of PS1 and provide preclinical in vivo proof of concept for PS2-sparing inhibition as a novel, tolerable and efficacious γ-secretase targeting strategy for AD.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Amare, Azmeraw T, et al.
(author)
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Association of Polygenic Score for Schizophrenia and HLA Antigen and Inflammation Genes With Response to Lithium in Bipolar Affective Disorder: A Genome-Wide Association Study.
- 2018
-
In: JAMA psychiatry. - : American Medical Association (AMA). - 2168-6238 .- 2168-622X. ; 75:1, s. 65-74
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lithium is a first-line mood stabilizer for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). However, the efficacy of lithium varies widely, with a nonresponse rate of up to 30%. Biological response markers are lacking. Genetic factors are thought to mediate treatment response to lithium, and there is a previously reported genetic overlap between BPAD and schizophrenia (SCZ).To test whether a polygenic score for SCZ is associated with treatment response to lithium in BPAD and to explore the potential molecular underpinnings of this association.A total of 2586 patients with BPAD who had undergone lithium treatment were genotyped and assessed for long-term response to treatment between 2008 and 2013. Weighted SCZ polygenic scores were computed at different P value thresholds using summary statistics from an international multicenter genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 36989 individuals with SCZ and genotype data from patients with BPAD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics. For functional exploration, a cross-trait meta-GWAS and pathway analysis was performed, combining GWAS summary statistics on SCZ and response to treatment with lithium. Data analysis was performed from September 2016 to February 2017.Treatment response to lithium was defined on both the categorical and continuous scales using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. The effect measures include odds ratios and the proportion of variance explained.Of the 2586 patients in the study (mean [SD] age, 47.2 [13.9] years), 1478 were women and 1108 were men. The polygenic score for SCZ was inversely associated with lithium treatment response in the categorical outcome, at a threshold P<5×10-2. Patients with BPAD who had a low polygenic load for SCZ responded better to lithium, with odds ratios for lithium response ranging from 3.46 (95% CI, 1.42-8.41) at the first decile to 2.03 (95% CI, 0.86-4.81) at the ninth decile, compared with the patients in the 10th decile of SCZ risk. In the cross-trait meta-GWAS, 15 genetic loci that may have overlapping effects on lithium treatment response and susceptibility to SCZ were identified. Functional pathway and network analysis of these loci point to the HLA antigen complex and inflammatory cytokines.This study provides evidence for a negative association between high genetic loading for SCZ and poor response to lithium in patients with BPAD. These results suggest the potential for translational research aimed at personalized prescribing of lithium.
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| 6. |
- Aminoff, Hedvig, et al.
(author)
-
Telemedicine for Remote Surgical Guidance in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography : Mixed Methods Study of Practitioner Attitudes
- 2021
-
In: JMIR Formative Research. - : JMIR Publications. - 2561-326X. ; 5:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Telemedicine innovations are rarely adopted into routine health care, the reasons for which are not well understood. Teleguidance, a promising service for remote surgical guidance during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was due to be scaled up, but there were concerns that user attitudes might influence adoption.OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to gain a deeper understanding of ERCP practitioners' attitudes toward teleguidance. These findings could inform the implementation process and future evaluations.METHODS: We conducted semistructured interviews with ERCP staff about challenges during work and beliefs about teleguidance. Theoretical constructs from the technology acceptance model (TAM) guided the thematic analysis. Our findings became input to a 16-item questionnaire, investigating surgeons' beliefs about teleguidance's contribution to performance and factors that might interact with implementation.RESULTS: Results from 20 interviews with ERCP staff from 5 hospitals were used to adapt a TAM questionnaire, exchanging the standard "Ease of Use" items for "Compatibility and Implementation Climate." In total, 23 ERCP specialists from 15 ERCP clinics responded to the questionnaire: 9 novices (<500 ERCP procedures) and 14 experts (>500 ERCP procedures). The average agreement ratings for usefulness items were 64% (~9/14) among experts and 75% (~7/9) among novices. The average agreement ratings for compatibility items were somewhat lower (experts 64% [~9/14], novices 69% [~6/9]). The averages have been calculated from the sum of several items and therefore, they only approximate the actual values. While 11 of the 14 experts (79%) and 8 of the 9 novices (89%) agreed that teleguidance could improve overall quality and patient safety during ERCP procedures, only 8 of the 14 experts (57%) and 6 of the 9 novices (67%) agreed that teleguidance would not create new patient safety risks. Only 5 of the 14 experts (36%) and 3 of the 9 novices (33%) were convinced that video and image transmission would function well. Similarly, only 6 of the 14 experts (43%) and 6 of the 9 novices (67%) agreed that administration would work smoothly. There were no statistically significant differences between the experts and novices on any of the 16 items (P<.05).CONCLUSIONS: Both novices and experts in ERCP procedures had concerns that teleguidance might disrupt existing work practices. However, novices were generally more positive toward teleguidance than experts, especially with regard to the possibility of developing technical skills and work practices. While newly trained specialists were the main target for teleguidance, the experts were also intended users. As experts are more likely to be key decision makers, their attitudes may have a greater relative impact on adoption. We present suggestions to address these concerns. We conclude that using the TAM as a conceptual framework can support user-centered inquiry into telemedicine design and implementation by connecting qualitative findings to well-known analytical themes.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Urban, 1965, et al.
(author)
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ORCiD @ Chalmers: Membership and implementation
- 2014
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In: Open Repositories 2014, June 9-13, Helsinki, Finland.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Chalmers University became an institutional member of the ORCID community in June 2013. The membership, as well as the local ORCID services and support, is coordinated and maintained by the university library.Since then we have completed the first phase of the implementation of ORCID id:s at the university - including a pilot project, in which we worked closely together with one of the research departments, and the development of a new easy-to-use web service for the creation of ORCID id:s and for connecting these – and existing id:s - to the university infrastructure, by the use of API:s provided by ORCID and corresponding systems.This service was launched in January 2014 and can be found at orcid.chalmers.se.The proposed poster will demonstrate the current status of our project and what has been done up until now - including workflows, infrastructure integration, technical implementation and, of course, detailed screenshots to illustrate the different parts of the process.It will also include our key experiences so far, as well as to try and provide a quick look into the future and what our next steps might be.
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| 8. |
- Backe, Susanne, et al.
(author)
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Markanvändningsbetingade vegetationsförändringar inom öppen myr 1987-2000 i Norrbottens län- Satellitbaserad övervakning
- 2012
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Miljöövervakning av våtmarker bedrivs inom Naturvårdsverkets programområde våtmark med syfte att långsiktigt följa utvecklingen av våtmarkernas tillstånd vad gäller hydrologiskorördhet och biologisk mångfald. För ett av delprogrammen används en satellitbaserad metodik för att upptäcka markanvändningsbetingade vegetationsförändringar i öppna myrar. Metoden baseras på antagandet att spektralt och vegetationsmässigt homogena myrtyper uppträder likartat med avseende på normal variation i fenologi och väder. Detta innebär att om grupper av homogena myrtyper avgränsas vid tidpunkt 1 så kan spektralt avvikande myrar, dvs förändrade myrar, sökas genom riktad förändringsanalys inom grupperna vid tidpunkt 2. Förändringsriktningen som analyserats är ökad biomassa/igenväxning. Förändringarna redovisas i två klasser; säker och potentiell. Analysen kommer att genomföras i hela landet nedanför fjällen från norr till söder med ett omdrev på tio år.Under 2008 utfördes denna förändringsanalys i Norrbottens län. Satellitscenerna som har använts är för tidpunkt 1 från 1984, 1987 samt 1990 och för tidpunkt 2 från 2000. Analysen har resulterat i en mängd ytor inom öppen myr där indikationer på förändring finns. De förändrade ytorna omfattar ca 16 800 ha, vilket motsvarar 1,22 % av arealen öppen myr i undersökningsområdet, dvs hela Norrbottens län med undantag av fjällenVid en utvärdering av resultatet från förändringsanalysen ingick totalt 300 ytor varav 250 förändrade ytor och 50 referensytor. Referensytorna slumpades ut inom den oförändrade delen av den öppna myrmasken. Utvärderingen utfördes mha flygbilder och fältbesök för att verifera förändringar. Utvärderingen visade att säkerheten i förändringsanalysen var mellan 48-91 %. I 48 % av ytorna kunde förändring verifieras. I ytterligare 43 % av fallen var det svårt att bedöma om en förändring skett, men möjlighet fanns att biomassa kan ha ökat under aktuell tidsperiod, dvs säkerheten i analysen kan vara upp till 91%. Förändringsytorna skiljde sig från referensytorna genom att de i högre grad låg i anslutning till vattendrag, sjöar och dråg samt hade fler ingrepp i omgivningen. Vanligast förekommande ingrepp inom 100 m från de förändrade ytorna var dikningar, ungskogar och upphörd myrslåtter. I de östra delarna kunde förändringarna i högre grad verifieras jämfört med i de västra delarna. I väster fanns fler svårbedömda fall. Med andra ord kan man säga att förändringsanalysen har en högre säkerhet och i högre grad kan kopplas till markanvändning i de östra jämfört med de västra delarna. En möjlig orsak till denna skillnad kan vara att fenologiska effekter påverkar analysresultatet i mer höglänta områden med kortare vegetationsperiod.Markanvändning i anslutning till de förändrade myrarna har analyserats med hjälp av flygbildstolkning av de förändrade ytornas tillrinningsområde. Flygbilderna som användes var från tre olika tidsperioder : 1960-, 1980- och 2000-tal. Markanvändningen i anslutning till de förändrade ytorna hade ökat i högre grad jämfört med referensytor. Ökningen har framförallt skett under perioden 1980 till 2000. Diken för skogsbruk stod för den största delen av ökningen.Kring ytor med säker förändringsindikation fanns en större andel skogsdiken jämfört med ytor som hade potentiell förändringsindikation. Det fanns fler rester av lador och hässjor sedan myrslåtterepoken kring de förändrade ytorna jämfört med referensytorna. Markanvändningsanalysen gav oss ytterligare en bekräftelse på att resultatet från förändringsanalysen fångat upp ytor där snabba förändringar i form av igenväxning skett pga ingrepp.Ett förslag på indikator för att följa miljökvalitetsmålet för Myllrande våtmarker har tagits fram baserat på resultatet från förändringsanalysen. Förslaget är att man använder måttet andel förändrad öppen myr av den totala arealen öppen myr som indikator på snabba förändringar.Vi föreslår att indikatorn används dels på länsnivå och dels på kommunnivå.
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| 9. |
- Berg, Christoffer, 1986-
(author)
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Public Planning, Neoliberal Hybridity and Local Activism in Sundbyberg : Epochal Reconfiguration of Urban Development in Greater Stockholm
- 2022
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Which urban policy responses are deployed when a small social democratic municipality in a greater city region aims to be competitive for private investments in housing and the built environment? Which new institutional development arrangements are implemented for this purpose, in the wake of a decades-long hegemonic position of the municipal public housing company? This thesis draws on a qualitative case study design to approach such questions, and investigates recent urban development in Sundbybergs stad in Greater Stockholm to answer them. Theoretically, the thesis draws on a theory of neoliberal localization in combination with Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the social production of space. The thesis is thereby able to explain how the municipality consolidated political power, institutional infrastructures, and administrative capacities with a view to introducing a market-based paradigm of urban development. It argues that this paradigm became characterized by a neoliberal hybridity. It supports this argument by analyzing three major development projects targeting three areas with very different sociospatial characteristics. The thesis thereby demonstrates how market-based developments integrated a number of regulatory features and public planning interventions in accordance with certain objectives, concerns, and conditions. E.g., it reveals how the development of a 1970s Million Homes Programme area, Hallonbergen, relied both on an extended sale of public assets to support private developers’ investments with the objective of comprehensively transforming the area, and on extraordinary measures for ‘social sustainability’. It also reveals how the development of the original municipal town, Central Sundbyberg, was arranged in a municipal development company. This established a business-like format for political control and external expertise, while undermining public planning and clouding democratic accountability. This point is further emphasized by analyzing local inhabitants’ methods for contesting certain development features and land use proposals in this project, enforcing a re-politicization of a largely depoliticized development project. Ultimately, the thesis contributes new knowledge on the variegating forms of neoliberal urbanism through an atypical case of a subordinate city region municipality that historically has been characterized by social democracy, a large public rental housing structure, a public housing company with control of spatial planning, and working-class populations and industries.
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| 10. |
- Bäckström, Josefin, Med dr, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment and Evaluation Methods in APN Education
- 2024
-
In: Navigating the Future. Advanced Practice Nursing Educational Tools for Success. - : Nordic/Baltic Advanced Practice Nursing Educators NORDPLUS network. ; , s. 41-53
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Assessing nursing skills, whether in the first term of a bachelor’s programme or the final term of an APN programme, is, from our experience, a topic frequently discussed among colleagues. This collaborative discussion occurs irrespective of whether the assessment or evaluation targets more solitary theoretical course activities or theoretical knowledge manifested as clinical skills. In all courses – and in broader perspective educational programmes – it is pivotal that teachers and educators, together with students, ensure that learning activities allow students to achieve the expected learning outcomes. All components, from the curriculum to course content and activities, intended outcomes, and evaluation and assessment methods and tools, should be aligned.Since these are fundamentally based on theoretical knowledge, it is seldom meaningful or purposeful to differentiate between theoretical and clinical nursing skills in clinical skill evaluation and assessments. Hence, assessing clinical skills will also always include theoretical knowledge and reasoning.This chapter will comprehensively summarise formative and summative evaluation and assessment tools and guidelines relevant to APN education, highlighting best practices for evaluating educational outcomes and competencies which are essential in Advanced Practice Nursing. Numerous methods and tools in this chapter may apply to education at both bachelor’s and master’s level and to other healthcare professions. In this chapter, we emphasise that assessment and evaluation are closely related concepts, where formative methods are related to an evaluation approach, and summative methods are related to an assessment approach. By the end of this chapter, educators and students will feel well-informed and prepared to implement these tools and guidelines in their educational practices.
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| 11. |
- Bäckström, Josefin, Med dr, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Assessment and Evaluation Methods in APN Education
- 2024
-
In: Navigating the Future: Advanced Practice Nursing Educational Tools for Success. - : Nordic/Baltic Advanced Practice Nursing Educators Nordplus network. ; , s. 39-50
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Assessing nursing skills, whether in the first term of a bachelor’s programme or the final term of an APN programme, is, from our experience, a topic frequently discussed among colleagues. This collaborative discussion occurs irrespective of whether the assessment or evaluation targets more solitary theoretical course activities or theoretical knowledge manifested as clinical skills. In all courses – and in broader perspective educational programmes – it is pivotal that teachers and educators, together with students, ensure that learning activities allow students to achieve the expected learning outcomes. All components, from the curriculum to course content and activities, intended outcomes, and evaluation and assessment methods and tools, should be aligned.Since these are fundamentally based on theoretical knowledge, it is seldom meaningful or purposeful to differentiate between theoretical and clinical nursing skills in clinical skill evaluation and assessments. Hence, assessing clinical skills will also always include theoretical knowledge and reasoning.This chapter will comprehensively summarise formative and summative evaluation and assessment tools and guidelines relevant to APN education, highlighting best practices for evaluating educational outcomes and competencies which are essential in Advanced Practice Nursing. Numerous methods and tools in this chapter may apply to education at both bachelor’s and master’s level and to other healthcare professions. In this chapter, we emphasise that assessment and evaluation are closely related concepts, where formative methods are related to an evaluation approach, and summative methods are related to an assessment approach. By the end of this chapter, educators and students will feel well-informed and prepared to implement these tools and guidelines in their educational practices.
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| 12. |
- Bäckström, Josefin, Med dr, 1977-, et al.
(author)
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Teaching Methods and Techniques in APN Education
- 2024
-
In: Navigating the Future. Advanced Practice Nursing Educational Tools for Success. - : Nordic/Baltic Advanced Practice Nursing Educators NORDPLUS network. ; , s. 34-40
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Modern learning-centred methods in higher education represent an innovative approach to teaching and learning that aims to actively engage learners and develop practical skills and knowledge. Teaching methods should support and encourage the understanding that learning can occur in many different ways; traditional lectures and seminars may be only one part of the learning process. Active learning must include various learning activities that engage learners in learning beyond listening and memorising. Effective methods support learners’ active participation. Standard active learning methods include problem-based learning, simulation-based learning and integrating technology into learning. These methods promote learner engagement, critical thinking, problem-solving and decision-making, preparing learners for future academic and professional challenges.
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| 13. |
- Coombes, Brandon J, et al.
(author)
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Association of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Depression Polygenic Scores with Lithium Response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics Study.
- 2021
-
In: Complex psychiatry. - : S. Karger AG. - 2673-3005 .- 2673-298X. ; 7:3-4, s. 80-89
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Response to lithium varies widely between individuals with bipolar disorder (BD). Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can uncover pharmacogenomics effects and may help predict drug response. Patients (N = 2,510) with BD were assessed for long-term lithium response in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics using the Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder score. PRSs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) were computed using lassosum and in a model including all three PRSs and other covariates, and the PRS of ADHD (β = -0.14; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24 to -0.03; p value = 0.010) and MDD (β = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.04; p value = 0.005) predicted worse quantitative lithium response. A higher SCZ PRS was associated with higher rates of medication nonadherence (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.34-1.93; p value = 2e-7). This study indicates that genetic risk for ADHD and depression may influence lithium treatment response. Interestingly, a higher SCZ PRS was associated with poor adherence, which can negatively impact treatment response. Incorporating genetic risk of ADHD, depression, and SCZ in combination with clinical risk may lead to better clinical care for patients with BD.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Do, Lan, et al.
(author)
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High Sensitivity Method to Estimate Distribution of Hyaluronan Molecular Sizes in Small Biological Samples Using Gas-Phase Electrophoretic Mobility Molecular Analysis.
- 2015
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In: International Journal of Cell Biology. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-8876 .- 1687-8884.
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Hyaluronan is a negatively charged polydisperse polysaccharide where both its size and tissue concentration play an important role in many physiological and pathological processes. The various functions of hyaluronan depend on its molecular size. Up to now, it has been difficult to study the role of hyaluronan in diseases with pathological changes in the extracellular matrix where availability is low or tissue samples are small. Difficulty to obtain large enough biopsies from human diseased tissue or tissue from animal models has also restricted the study of hyaluronan. In this paper, we demonstrate that gas-phase electrophoretic molecular mobility analyzer (GEMMA) can be used to estimate the distribution of hyaluronan molecular sizes in biological samples with a limited amount of hyaluronan. The low detection level of the GEMMA method allows for estimation of hyaluronan molecular sizes from different parts of small organs. Hence, the GEMMA method opens opportunity to attain a profile over the distribution of hyaluronan molecular sizes and estimate changes caused by disease or experimental conditions that has not been possible to obtain before.
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| 17. |
- Domingo, Nina G.G., et al.
(author)
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Ozone-related acute excess mortality projected to increase in the absence of climate and air quality controls consistent with the Paris Agreement
- 2024
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In: One Earth. - : Elsevier. - 2590-3330 .- 2590-3322. ; 7:2, s. 325-335
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Short-term exposure to ground-level ozone in cities is associated with increased mortality and is expected to worsen with climate and emission changes. However, no study has yet comprehensively assessed future ozone-related acute mortality across diverse geographic areas, various climate scenarios, and using CMIP6 multi-model ensembles, limiting our knowledge on future changes in global ozone-related acute mortality and our ability to design targeted health policies. Here, we combine CMIP6 simulations and epidemiological data from 406 cities in 20 countries or regions. We find that ozone-related deaths in 406 cities will increase by 45 to 6,200 deaths/year between 2010 and 2014 and between 2050 and 2054, with attributable fractions increasing in all climate scenarios (from 0.17% to 0.22% total deaths), except the single scenario consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement (declines from 0.17% to 0.15% total deaths). These findings stress the need for more stringent air quality regulations, as current standards in many countries are inadequate.
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| 18. |
- Hahn, Niklas, et al.
(author)
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Satellitbaserad övervakning av våtmarker - Kartering av vegetation på öppna myrar
- 2014
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Miljöövervakning av våtmarker bedrivs inom Naturvårdsverkets programområde våtmark med syfte att långsiktigt följa utvecklingen av våtmarkernas tillstånd vad gäller hydrologisk orördhet och biologisk mångfald.För ett av delprogrammen används "Satellitbaserad övervakning av våtmarker" för att upptäcka markanvändningsbetingade vegetationsförändringar i öppna myrar. Metoden baseras på antagandet att spektralt och vegetationsmässigt homogena myrtyper uppträder likartat med avseende på fenologi och väder. Detta innebär att om myrtyperna avgränsas vid tidpunkt 1 så kan spektralt avvikande myrar, dvs. förändrade myrar, sökas genom riktad förändringsanalys inom grupperna vid tidpunkt 2. I "Satellitbaserad övervakning av våtmarker" görs en basklassning av öppen myr i den äldre satellitscenen. Basklassningen särskiljer spektralt homogena våtmarksenheter som utgör grunden för den riktade förändrings-analysen som genomförs i nästa steg."Kartering av vegetation på öppna myrar" syftar till att ta fram en vegetationskarta för myrtyper genom att översätta basklassningens våtmarksenheter (via en översättningstabell) till välkända hydrologiska vegetationstyper.
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| 19. |
- Halamoda-Kenzaoui, Blanka, et al.
(author)
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Bridging communities in the field of nanomedicine
- 2019
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In: Regulatory toxicology and pharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0273-2300 .- 1096-0295. ; 106, s. 187-196
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An early dialogue between nanomedicine developers and regulatory authorities are of utmost importance to anticipate quality and safety requirements for these innovative health products. In order to stimulate interactions between the various communities involved in a translation of nanomedicines to clinical applications, the European Commission's Joint Research Centre hosted a workshop titled "Bridging communities in the field of Nanomedicine" in Ispra/Italy on the 27th -28th September 2017. Experts from regulatory bodies, research institutions and industry came together to discuss the next generation of nanomedicines and their needs to obtain regulatory approval. The workshop participants came up with recommendations highlighting methodological gaps that should be addressed in ongoing projects addressing the regulatory science of nanomedicines. In addition, individual opinions of experts relevant to progress of the regulatory science in the field of nanomedicine were summarised in the format of a survey.
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| 20. |
- Harling, Martin, 1972-
(author)
-
Välja vara : En studie om gymnasieval, mässor och kampen om framtiden
- 2017
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Avhandlingen kartlägger och analyserar i fyra empiriska artiklar hur elevsubjekt konstrueras i skolans vardag och vilken roll marknadens principer spelar i dessa konstruktioner. I synnerhet fokuseras vilka logiker som konstituerar gymnasievalets praktiker, samt hur dessa legitimeras, tolkas och utmanas. Resultatet visar att gymnasievalets praktiker delar upp både nuet och framtiden för eleverna, som valet mellan en uttalad utopi eller en underförstådd dystopi, där eleverna i hög grad själva görs ansvariga för att lyckas eller misslyckas med att förverkliga den utopi som iscensätts i valets praktiker. Denna uppdelning framstår för aktörerna till stor del som naturlig och apolitisk, vilket i sin tur legitimerar dess effekter i termer av exkludering, ojämlikhet och segregering, ofta på basis av social klass. Den marknadsstyrda skolans diskurser konstruerar och delar också upp eleverna som om de vore varor med olika värde. Begreppet fantasmatiska logiker kan förklara hur elever greppas av marknadsliknande diskurser, samt hur de hanterar motsägelsefulla villkor. Exempelvis hur gymnasievalet för eleverna både innebär att förändras och bli vad man vill, samtidigt som man formas att bli mer av den man redan är, genom att välja att vara den man är. Elevernas problematisering och destabilisering av dominerande marknadslogiker i skolan förekommer i alla undersökta sammanhang, och beskrivs i avhandlingen som både genomskådanden och ifrågasättanden av hur skola och utbildning kopplas samman med marknadens logiker. Genom att genomskåda gymnasievalets förmenta neutralitet synliggör eleverna hur marknadsstyrningen av utbildning i allmänhet och iscensättningen av mässorna i synnerhet tycks ligga i skolornas, snarare än elevernas intresse.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Hou, Liping, et al.
(author)
-
Genome-wide association study of 40,000 individuals identifies two novel loci associated with bipolar disorder.
- 2016
-
In: Human molecular genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2083 .- 0964-6906. ; 25:15, s. 3383-94
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) is a genetically complex mental illness characterized by severe oscillations of mood and behavior. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified several risk loci that together account for a small portion of the heritability. To identify additional risk loci, we performed a two-stage meta-analysis of >9 million genetic variants in 9,784 bipolar disorder patients and 30,471 controls, the largest GWAS of BD to date. In this study, to increase power we used ∼2,000 lithium-treated cases with a long-term diagnosis of BD from the Consortium on Lithium Genetics, excess controls, and analytic methods optimized for markers on the X-chromosome. In addition to four known loci, results revealed genome-wide significant associations at two novel loci: an intergenic region on 9p21.3 (rs12553324, p=5.87×10(-9); odds ratio=1.12) and markers within ERBB2 (rs2517959, p=4.53×10(-9); odds ratio=1.13). No significant X-chromosome associations were detected and X-linked markers explained very little BD heritability. The results add to a growing list of common autosomal variants involved in BD and illustrate the power of comparing well-characterized cases to an excess of controls in GWAS.
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| 25. |
- Ideland, Malin, 1970-, et al.
(author)
-
”En hemlig skola röjer det orimliga"
- 2020
-
In: Svenska Dagbladet. - Stockholm : Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2020-08-30
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Det är affärslogiken som styr när statistik om skolor och betyg nu ska sekretessbeläggas. Samtidigt visar detta hemlighetsmakeri tydligt att friskolan blivit norm och att andra värden felaktigt får stå tillbaka, skriver forskare.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Jacobson, Felix, et al.
(author)
-
Tribo-chemical wear testing of rock drill inserts
- 2018
-
In: The 18th Nordic Symposium on Tribology - Nordtrib 2018, Uppsala, Sweden, June 18-21, 2018. - Uppsala.
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Top hammer rock drill bits are equipped with cemented carbide inserts. These inserts consist of WC and ~6w% Co binder. Due to the recent classification of Co as a probable carcinogen upon inhalation there is a need to substitute Co. Thus, in the present work the wear of Co, Ni and Fe based cemented carbides are compared in a wear test that mimics the wear surface in real drilling conditions. The inserts are tested against counter surfaces of granite and sandstone using deionised water and synthetic mine water as flushing agents. This with the aim to study the tribo-chemical nature of the wear as well as the impact of different stones. To the authors’ knowledge, the impact of the chemical environment on cemented carbide degradation in a wear test that imitates the field wear scars in rock drilling is not yet known. The work focuses on studying the wear rate differences between the different cemented carbides and test conditions and includes a study of the worn surfaces using SEM and EDS.
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| 28. |
- Kalman, Janos L, et al.
(author)
-
Investigating polygenic burden in age at disease onset in bipolar disorder: Findings from an international multicentric study.
- 2019
-
In: Bipolar disorders. - : Wiley. - 1399-5618 .- 1398-5647. ; 21:1, s. 68-75
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Bipolar disorder (BD) with early disease onset is associated with an unfavorable clinical outcome and constitutes a clinically and biologically homogenous subgroup within the heterogeneous BD spectrum. Previous studies have found an accumulation of early age at onset (AAO) in BD families and have therefore hypothesized that there is a larger genetic contribution to the early-onset cases than to late onset BD. To investigate the genetic background of this subphenotype, we evaluated whether an increased polygenic burden of BD- and schizophrenia (SCZ)-associated risk variants is associated with an earlier AAO in BD patients.A total of 1995 BD type 1 patients from the Consortium of Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen), PsyCourse and Bonn-Mannheim samples were genotyped and their BD and SCZ polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were calculated using the summary statistics of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium as a training data set. AAO was either separated into onset groups of clinical interest (childhood and adolescence [≤18years] vs adulthood [>18years]) or considered as a continuous measure. The associations between BD- and SCZ-PRSs and AAO were evaluated with regression models.BD- and SCZ-PRSs were not significantly associated with age at disease onset. Results remained the same when analyses were stratified by site of recruitment.The current study is the largest conducted so far to investigate the association between the cumulative BD and SCZ polygenic risk and AAO in BD patients. The reported negative results suggest that such a polygenic influence, if there is any, is not large, and highlight the importance of conducting further, larger scale studies to obtain more information on the genetic architecture of this clinically relevant phenotype.
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| 29. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, 1978-
(author)
-
Immigrant entrepreneurs in a changing institutional context : a mixed embeddedness approach
- 2019
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Immigrant entrepreneurs are known to be heterogeneous in terms of available resources and entrepreneurial outcomes. However, this heterogeneity, as well as immigrant entrepreneurs’ embeddedness in social networks and the institutional context of high-income welfare states such as Sweden, remains understudied. Sweden represents an interesting case as a popular immigration destination which liberalized its migration policy for entrepreneurs and changed other regulations, encouraging immigrant entrepreneurship after 2008.Theoretically, the dissertation contributes to the mixed embeddedness approach to immigrant entrepreneurship by considering three stages of the entrepreneurial process – entry, performance, and potential exit – in a changing institutional environment.Methodologically, the dissertation operationalizes the mixed embeddedness approach by studying these three stages – entry (propensity to start a business), performance (entrepreneurial incomes), and potential exit (duration in business) – among different categories of immigrants. Explanatory factors are drawn from three levels of analysis: institutional change (macro), social, ethnic and family networks (meso), and the individual’s human capital (micro). A range of statistical tools is used for empirical analyses: Difference-in-difference methods in combination with Coarsened Exact Matching and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition are used to investigate the influence of institutional change on entrepreneurial entry and performance. Survival models based on Cox regression are applied to investigate the influence of social and family ties on the likelihood of entrepreneurial exit. A combination of clustering and association analysis allows heterogeneity to be approached via the categorization of immigrant entrepreneurs.Empirically, based on rich data from Swedish registers, the dissertation reveals that the propensity to start businesses in expanding ICT industries among labour immigrants was increased, and performance in terms of income among new immigrant entrepreneurs was improved after institutional change, compared to earlier. It also stresses that family networks mitigate a lack of other resources for refugee entrepreneurs, allowing them to stay in business longer. Two main categories of new immigrant entrepreneurs were distinguished in the overall heterogeneous population.The dissertation consists of four papers and an introductory chapter.
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| 30. |
- Kazlou, Aliaksei, 1978-, et al.
(author)
-
Swedish migration policy liberalization and new immigrant entrepreneurs
- 2023
-
In: International migration (Geneva. Print). - New Jersey : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7985 .- 1468-2435. ; 61:2, s. 87-106
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sweden has allowed immigrants from any country to obtain residence permits for entrepreneurship since 2008. The aim of this study was to explore the outcome of this policy. The study adds time perspective and superdiversity and operationalizes the mixed embeddedness framework to facilitate a quantitative study on three levels of analysis. Detailed register data for two cohorts of immigrants—those who arrived four years before and those who arrived four years after the reform—are used. The results confirm the usefulness of the mixed embeddedness model, that is the institutional regulative context, economic and social context, and individual resources, in the analysis of immigrant entrepreneurship. However, the study shows that the propensity to engage in entrepreneurship is more affected for refugees and students than for migrants with a residence permit for work and entrepreneurship. This indicates a need for further facilitating the process to immigrate for entrepreneurial reasons.
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| 31. |
- Kelsoe, John, et al.
(author)
-
Lithium Response in Bipolar Disorder is Associated with Focal Adhesion and PI3K-Akt Networks: A Multi-omics Replication Study.
- 2023
-
In: Research square.
-
Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanism of action is incompletely understood, and prediction of treatment outcomes is limited. In our previous multi-omics study of the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder (PGBD) sample combining transcriptomic and genomic data, we found that focal adhesion, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and PI3K-Akt signaling networks were associated with response to lithium. In this study, we replicated the results of our previous study using network propagation methods in a genome-wide association study of an independent sample of 2,039 patients from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. We identified functional enrichment in focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt pathways, but we did not find an association with the ECM pathway. Our results suggest that deficits in the neuronal growth cone and PI3K-Akt signaling, but not in ECM proteins, may influence response to lithium in BD.
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| 32. |
- Kerje, Susanne, et al.
(author)
-
Is low molecular hyaluronan an early indicator of disease in avian systemic sclerosis?
- 2016
-
In: Connective Tissue Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0300-8207 .- 1607-8438. ; 57:5, s. 337-346
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- AIM OF THE STUDY: To further elucidate the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) an experimental avian model was used. University of California at Davies line 200-chicken (UCD-200) spontaneously develops a SSc like disease that has most features of human SSc with vascular effects, inflammation, autoimmunity and fibrosis. The first signs of disease in UCD-200 are swelling and ischemic lesions of the comb, a tissue containing high amounts of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan. The aim was to evaluate inflammatory and fibrotic processes of the disease with regard to the molecular weight of hyaluronan.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Comb biopsies from UCD-200 and healthy White Leghorn (WL) chickens as controls at different ages were studied with histochemical localization of hyaluronan, hyaluronidase 1, CD3, IgY and collagen I and III. Hyaluronan molecular weight distribution was estimated with gas phase electrophoretic analysis.RESULTS: At 2 days of age hyaluronan was visualized in UCD-200 at the dermal part of the comb with no simultaneous staining of Hyal-1. In adult UCD-200 the comb skin was almost totally devoid of hyaluronan compared to WL of the same age. An increase of low molecular weight (LMW) hyaluronan was detected in comb tissue from UCD-200 at 1 day, 1, 2, 4 weeks in contrast to adult animals.CONCLUSIONS: An early inflammatory process involving LMW hyaluronan was confirmed as a possible profibrotic process. This indicates that hyaluronan might be an important participant in early inflammatory events of SSc in UCD-200 chicken and that disappearance of hyaluronan in skin predisposes to fibrosis.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
Kartläggning av företagande bland personer med utländsk bakgrund i Sverige
- 2010
-
In: Möjligheternas marknad. - Stockholm : Tillväxtverket. - 9789186341527 ; , s. 107-130
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Företag som drivs av personer med utländsk bakgrund har en viktig roll i det svenska näringslivet. De sysselsätter i dag omkring 200 000 människor.2008 fick Tillväxtverket i uppdrag av regeringen att ta fram och ansvara för ett nationellt program med fokus på företagare med utländsk bakgrund. Programmets övergripande mål är att främja den tillväxtpotential som finns hos den här kategorin företagare. Ett av programmets mål är att öka kunskapen om företagare med utländsk bakgrund. Som en del i kunskapsmålet har man publicerat antologin ”Möjligheternas marknad”.Under denna föreläsning får vi lyssna till fyra av författarna, och deras olika infallsvinklar på temat. Det blir också diskussionsstund med kommentarer från en praktiker/företagare.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
Second-Generation Immigrants in the Small-Business Sector in Sweden
- 2014
-
In: Journal of Immigrant & Refugee Studies. - London : Informa UK Limited. - 1556-2948 .- 1556-2956. ; 12:3, s. 210-232
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study investigates the importance of co-ethnic employment for second-generation immigrants using data on the total population of Sweden. The analyses show that employment by parents comprises a substantial part of co-ethnic employment among young people. However, youth of Swedish origin in the small business sector are employed by parents to the same extent as second-generation immigrants. Furthermore, youth of Swedish origin are much more often employed by Swedish-born employers. Therefore, we argue that mobilization of family resources and social networks is not specific to immigrants in 'ethnic economies' but is rather part of a general small-business class strategy.
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| 38. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-, et al.
(author)
-
The strength of ethnic ties : Routes into the labour market in spaces of segregation
- 2016
-
In: Urban Studies. - : Sage Publications. - 0042-0980 .- 1360-063X. ; 53:1, s. 3-16
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study analyses whether ethnic segregation leads to social isolation and lack of access to valuable informal channels into the labour market. We use a survey of Swedish-born young adults in Stockholm, whose parents were born either in Turkey (Stratum T) or in Sweden (Stratum S). Stratum T was randomly sampled, whereas Stratum S was sampled according to the residential distribution of Stratum T. Our results show that persons in Stratum T use informal contacts in order to find employment more often than Stratum S. Living in immigrant-dense areas increases the likelihood of finding employment through informal contacts. For Stratum T, co-ethnic contacts are more important than other contacts, in particular if they are neighbours. Access to ethnic networks and the use of ethnic contacts in the labour market differ between persons of Turkish, Kurdish and Assyrian/Syriac backgrounds. In contrast to the isolation thesis, this study shows that young adults in immigrant-dense neighbourhoods have access to and benefit more from informal channels in order to find ways into labour market.
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| 39. |
- Kokaia, Merab, et al.
(author)
-
Suppressed kindling epileptogenesis in mice with ectopic overexpression of galanin
- 2001
-
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 98:24, s. 14006-14011
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The neuropeptide galanin has been shown to suppress epileptic seizures. In cortical and hippocampal areas, galanin is normally mainly expressed in noradrenergic afferents. We have generated a mouse overexpressing galanin in neurons under the platelet-derived growth factor B promoter. RIA and HPLC analysis revealed up to 8-fold higher levels of galanin in transgenic as compared with wild-type mice. Ectopic galanin overexpression was detected especially in dentate granule cells and hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. Galanin-overexpressing mice showed retardation of seizure generalization during hippocampal kindling, a model for human complex partial epilepsy. The high levels of galanin in mossy fibers found in the transgenic mice were further increased after seizures. Frequency facilitation of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials, a form of short-term synaptic plasticity assessed in hippocampal slices, was reduced in mossy fiber-CA3 cell synapses of galanin-overexpressing mice, indicating suppressed glutamate release. This effect was reversed by application of the putative galanin receptor antagonist M35. These data provide evidence that ectopically overexpressed galanin can be released and dampen the development of epilepsy by means of receptor-mediated action, at least partly by reducing glutamate release from mossy fibers.
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| 40. |
- Lundemark, Mai, 1982-
(author)
-
Constructing Workers of Migrant Background : A study of class and nation myths in trade union practice
- 2021
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- How do trade unions represent workers of migrant background? How are factors that affect the quality of life of workers of migrant background, made sense of and responded to by trade unions trying to reverse declining trade union membership numbers? This thesis takes a qualitative approach and utilises discursive constructions as a semiotic entry point into the social practices of trade unions and their responses to workers of migrant background. Combining semiotic theory of Roland Barthes and Stuart Hall with critical discourse theory of Norman Fairclough, trade union work is conceptualised as a social practice that comprises both semiotic and non-semiotic elements. The study focuses on the discursive work of two unions in Copenhagen, Denmark that represent the bike mechanic and the cleaning trade, respectively. The selection of unions allows for an exploration of similarities and differences within the national setting. The analysis is based on individual and group interviews with 28 union officials and active members, supported and complemented by notes (387 pages) from 56 participant observations (147 observation hours) that were conducted in the two unions over several years. The analysis shows how workers of migrant background are constructed through discourses of class and nation. Analysing the interrelationship between semiotic and non-semiotic elements of union events and practices, a four-cell typology is developed that characterise union responses as either internalisation, externalisation, ignorance or misrepresentation. The type of response is defined according to whether the unions signify their constructions of migrant differences as relevant or irrelevant to union work, and whether they address these differences with uniform or differentiated union action. It is argued that the ways in which constructions of national, ethnic and racial differences are responded to through signification and action are crucial to whether unions work to reinforce or ameliorate social inequalities. Finally, the typology is suggested as a tool to nuance the discussion about the inclusive and/or exclusive character of trade union responses to workers of migrant background.
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| 41. |
- Mitra, Aditee, et al.
(author)
-
Defining Planktonic Protist Functional Groups on Mechanisms for Energy and Nutrient Acquisition : Incorporation of Diverse Mixotrophic Strategies
- 2016
-
In: Protist. - : Elsevier BV. - 1434-4610 .- 1618-0941. ; 167:2, s. 106-120
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Arranging organisms into functional groups aids ecological research by grouping organisms (irrespective of phylogenetic origin) that interact with environmental factors in similar ways. Planktonic protists traditionally have been split between photoautotrophic "phytoplankton" and phagotrophic "microzooplankton". However, there is a growing recognition of the importance of mixotrophy in euphotic aquatic systems, where many protists often combine photoautotrophic and phagotrophic modes of nutrition. Such organisms do not align with the traditional dichotomy of phytoplankton and microzooplankton. To reflect this understanding, we propose a new functional grouping of planktonic protists in an ecophysiological context: (i) phagoheterotrophs lacking phototrophic capacity, (ii) photoautotrophs lacking phagotrophic capacity, (iii) constitutive mixotrophs (CMs) as phagotrophs with an inherent capacity for phototrophy, and (iv) non-constitutive mixotrophs (NCMs) that acquire their phototrophic capacity by ingesting specific (SNCM) or general non-specific (GNCM) prey. For the first time, we incorporate these functional groups within a foodweb structure and show, using model outputs, that there is scope for significant changes in trophic dynamics depending on the protist functional type description. Accordingly, to better reflect the role of mixotrophy, we recommend that as important tools for explanatory and predictive research, aquatic food-web and biogeochemical models need to redefine the protist groups within their frameworks. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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| 42. |
- Mitra, Aditee, et al.
(author)
-
The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump
- 2014
-
In: Biogeosciences. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1726-4170 .- 1726-4189. ; 11, s. 995-1005
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The traditional view of the planktonic foodweb describes consumption of inorganic nutrientsby photo-autotrophic phytoplankton, which in turn supports zooplankton and ultimately higher trophic levels. Pathways centred on bacteria provide mechanisms for nutrient recycling. This structure lies at the foundation of most models used to explore biogeochemical cycling, functioning of the biological pump, and the impact of climate change on these processes. We suggest an alternative paradigm, which sees the bulk of the base of this foodweb supported by protist plankton (phytoplankton and microzooplankton) communities that are mixotrophic – combining phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single cell. The photoautotrophic eukaryotic plankton and their heterotrophic microzooplankton grazers dominate only within immature environments (e.g., spring bloom in temperate systems). With their flexible nutrition, mixotrophic protists dominate in more mature systems (e.g., temperate summer, established eutrophic systems and oligotrophic systems); the more stable water columns suggested under climate change may also be expected to favour these mixotrophs. We explore how such a predominantlymixotrophic structure affects microbial trophic dynamics and the biological pump. The mixotroph dominated structure differs fundamentally in its flow of energy and nutrients, with a shortened and potentially more efficient chain from nutrient regeneration to primary production. Furthermore, mixotrophy enables a direct conduit for the support of primary production from bacterial production. We show how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow. In order to prevent a misinterpretation of the full implications of climate change upon biogeochemical cyclingand the functioning of the biological pump, we recommend inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies.
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| 43. |
- Morgell, Ann, et al.
(author)
-
Metabolic Characterization of Plasma and Cyst Fluid from Cystic Precursors to Pancreatic Cancer Patients Reveal Metabolic Signatures of Bacterial Infection
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3907 .- 1535-3893. ; 20:5, s. 2725-2738
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with a 5 year survival rate as low as 9%. One factor complicating the management of pancreatic cancer is the lack of reliable tools for early diagnosis. While up to 50% of the adult population has been shown to develop precancerous pancreatic cysts, limited and insufficient approaches are currently available to determine whether a cyst is going to progress into pancreatic cancer. Recently, we used metabolomics approaches to identify candidate markers of disease progression in patients diagnosed with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) undergoing pancreatic resection. Here, we enrolled an independent cohort to verify the candidate markers from our previous study with orthogonal quantitative methods in plasma and cyst fluid from serous cystic neoplasm and IPMN (either low- or high-grade dysplasia or pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma). We thus validated these markers with absolute quantitative methods through the auxilium of stable isotope-labeled internal standards in a new independent cohort. Finally, we identified novel markers of IPMN status and disease progression - including amino acids, carboxylic acids, conjugated bile acids, free and carnitine-conjugated fatty acids, purine oxidation products, and trimethylamine-oxide. We show that the levels of these metabolites of potential bacterial origin correlated with the degree of bacterial enrichment in the cyst, as determined by 16S RNA. Overall, our findings are interesting per se, owing to the validation of previous markers and identification of novel small molecule signatures of IPMN and disease progression. In addition, our findings further fuel the provoking debate as to whether bacterial infections may represent an etiological contributor to the development and severity of the disease in pancreatic cancer, in like fashion to other cancers (e.g., Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer).
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| 44. |
- Ou, Anna H., et al.
(author)
-
Lithium response in bipolar disorder is associated with focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt networks: a multi-omics replication study
- 2024
-
In: TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY. - 2158-3188. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Lithium is the gold standard treatment for bipolar disorder (BD). However, its mechanism of action is incompletely understood, and prediction of treatment outcomes is limited. In our previous multi-omics study of the Pharmacogenomics of Bipolar Disorder (PGBD) sample combining transcriptomic and genomic data, we found that focal adhesion, the extracellular matrix (ECM), and PI3K-Akt signaling networks were associated with response to lithium. In this study, we replicated the results of our previous study using network propagation methods in a genome-wide association study of an independent sample of 2039 patients from the International Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. We identified functional enrichment in focal adhesion and PI3K-Akt pathways, but we did not find an association with the ECM pathway. Our results suggest that deficits in the neuronal growth cone and PI3K-Akt signaling, but not in ECM proteins, may influence response to lithium in BD.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Rai, Masna, et al.
(author)
-
Heat-related cardiorespiratory mortality : effect modification by air pollution across 482 cities from 24 countries
- 2023
-
In: Environment International. - : Elsevier. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 174
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Evidence on the potential interactive effects of heat and ambient air pollution on cause-specific mortality is inconclusive and limited to selected locations. Objectives: We investigated the effects of heat on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality and its modification by air pollution during summer months (six consecutive hottest months) in 482 locations across 24 countries.Methods: Location-specific daily death counts and exposure data (e.g., particulate matter with diameters ≤ 2.5 µm [PM2.5]) were obtained from 2000 to 2018. We used location-specific confounder-adjusted Quasi-Poisson regression with a tensor product between air temperature and the air pollutant. We extracted heat effects at low, medium, and high levels of pollutants, defined as the 5th, 50th, and 95th percentile of the location-specific pollutant concentrations. Country-specific and overall estimates were derived using a random-effects multilevel meta-analytical model.Results: Heat was associated with increased cardiorespiratory mortality. Moreover, the heat effects were modified by elevated levels of all air pollutants in most locations, with stronger effects for respiratory than cardiovascular mortality. For example, the percent increase in respiratory mortality per increase in the 2-day average summer temperature from the 75th to the 99th percentile was 7.7% (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 7.6–7.7), 11.3% (95%CI 11.2–11.3), and 14.3% (95% CI 14.1–14.5) at low, medium, and high levels of PM2.5, respectively. Similarly, cardiovascular mortality increased by 1.6 (95%CI 1.5–1.6), 5.1 (95%CI 5.1–5.2), and 8.7 (95%CI 8.7–8.8) at low, medium, and high levels of O3, respectively.Discussion: We observed considerable modification of the heat effects on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality by elevated levels of air pollutants. Therefore, mitigation measures following the new WHO Air Quality Guidelines are crucial to enhance better health and promote sustainable development.
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| 47. |
- Scarpa, Simone, 1976-
(author)
-
The spatial manifestation of inequality : residential segregation in Sweden and its causes
- 2015
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The thesis examines the relationship between income inequality and residential segregation in Swedish cities. In recent years, in Sweden, much attention has been given to the direction of causality from residential segregation to income inequality. Residential segregation is considered to lead to a differentiation of opportunities between neighbourhoods and, therefore, to be a contributing factor to or even a major cause of income inequality in cities. The thesis focuses on the opposite direction of causality, from income inequality to residential segregation. In fact, residential segregation can also be seen as the spatial manifestation of existing disparities in income distribution, since residential location choices are always (although not exclusively) made within a predetermined framework of economic constraints.Specifically, two research questions are addressed in this thesis. What institutional factors, in the Swedish context, favour the transformation of the social divide between specific population subgroups into a spatial divide between those groups? To what extent and in what ways does income inequality contribute to the development of residential segregation in Swedish cities?The first part of the thesis explains why Swedish cities are characterized by higher levels of residential segregation than cities of other countries characterized by higher levels of income inequality. The historical and comparative analyses developed in the first two studies indicate that it is not so much the magnitude of immigration that accounts for this difference between Swedish cities and their more unequal counterparts in other countries but, rather, the institutional factors influencing the modes of incorporation of immigrants into cities.The second part of the thesis analyses how, in recent decades, the increase in income inequality has influenced residential segregation patterns in Malmö and in the three major Swedish metropolitan areas. The third and the fourth study show that, during the studied period, the widening of income disparities between neighbourhoods mirrored the general upward trend in income inequality in the population. The growth of the immigrant population contributed only slightly to this trend and income inequality was primarily driven by changes in the distribution of market incomes. During the late study period, however, income sorting processes have played a steadily more important role in contributing to economic residential segregation. Therefore, neighbourhood-based urban policies have not succeeded to reverse, or even just impede, the trend towards an increased spatial clustering of poverty and wealth in Swedish cities.
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| 48. |
- Schierup, Carl-Ulrik, et al.
(author)
-
Det beskurna medborgarskapet
- 2016. - 3
-
In: Utbildning, arbete, medborgarskap. - Umeå : Borea. - 9789189140905
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Schierup, Carl-Ulrik, et al.
(author)
-
Social exkludering : Ett beskuret medborgarskap
- 2007. - 1
-
In: Arbete, Utbildning och medborgarskap.. - Umeå : Borea. - 9789189140516 ; , s. 57-78
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Tillgång till utbildning är en förutsättning för jämlika levnadsvillkor och ett fullvärdigt medborgarskap. Men med en allt mer polariserad och etniskt skiktad arbetsmarknad är utbildning inte längre en tillräcklig förutsättning för social mobilitet, trots att samhället är mer beroende av kunskap och utbildning än någonsin.I denna bok beskrivs relationen mellan utbildning och möjligheten att uppnå de levnadsvillkor som det sociala medborgarskapet föreskriver. Vilka strategier utvecklar barn till invandrare för att övervinna hinder i samhället och erfarenheter av exkludering och stigmatisering? Framför allt fokuseras övergången mellan skola och arbete: Hur präglas utbildningsval och syn på arbete och karriär av sociala bakgrundsfaktorer som klass, kön och etnisk tillhörighet? Vilken betydelse har boendemiljön och den lokala skolan för valet av skola? Hur inverkar föräldragrupper, föreningar och andra sociala rörelser på övergången mellan skola och arbetsmarknad?
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