| 1. |
- Unsalan, Ozan, et al.
(författare)
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The Sariçiçek howardite fall in Turkey : Source crater of HED meteorites on Vesta and impact risk of Vestoids
- 2019
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Ingår i: Meteoritics and Planetary Science. - Hoboken : John Wiley & Sons. - 1086-9379 .- 1945-5100. ; 54:5, s. 953-1008
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Sariçiçek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on September 2, 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Sariçiçek experienced a complex cosmic‐ray exposure history, exposed during ~12–14 Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an ~1 m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 ± 2 Ma ago to Earth (as did one‐third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 ± 2.5 Ma and 4553 ± 8.8 Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U‐Pb age of 4525 ± 17 Ma, K‐Ar age of ~3.9 Ga, and the U,Th‐He ages of 1.8 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.3 Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact‐related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic; geochemical; and O‐, Cr‐, and Ti‐isotopic studies confirm that Sariçiçek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Sariçiçek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 ± 0.8 km s−1 from NW; fragmentations at 37, 33, 31, and 27 km altitude; and provide a pre‐atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Sariçiçek with the Vesta asteroid family (V‐class) spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the complete disruption of a ~1 km sized Vesta family asteroid or a ~10 km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids ≤4 m in size to account for the influx of meteorites from this HED clan. The 16.7 km diameter Antionia impact crater on Vesta was formed on terrain of the same age as given by the 4He retention age of Sariçiçek. Lunar scaling for crater production to crater counts of its ejecta blanket show it was formed ~22 Ma ago.
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| 2. |
- Aydin, Faruk, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal, geochemical and geodynamic evolution of the Late Cretaceous subduction zone volcanism in the eastern Sakarya Zone, NE Turkey : Implications for mantle-crust interaction in an arc setting
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 1367-9120 .- 1878-5786. ; 192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Late Cretaceous Artvin volcanic rocks (LCAVs) from the eastern Sakarya zone (ESZ) of NE Turkey are composed of mafic/basaltic (S1-Çatak and S2-Çağlayan) and felsic/acidic (S1-Kızılkaya and S2-Tirebolu) rock types that occurred in two successive stages: (i) first stage (S1: Turonian–Early Santonian) and (ii) second stage (S2: Late Santonian–Campanian). Clinopyroxene thermobarometric results point that the S2-Çağlayan basaltic rocks have crystallised at higher temperatures and under deeper crustal conditions than those of the S1-Çatak basaltic rocks.The LCAVs show a wide compositional spectrum, ranging from tholeiite to calc-alkaline/shoshonite and are typically represented by a geochemical composition resembling subduction-related arc rocks although the 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.7044–0.7071) and ɛNd(i) values (−0.63 to + 3.47) as well as 206Pb/204Pb(i) (18.07–18.56), 207Pb/204Pb(i) (15.57–15.62) and 208Pb/204Pb(i) (37.12–38.55) ratios show very limited variation. The parent magmas of the S1-Çatak and S2-Çağlayan mafic volcanic rocks were derived from underplated basaltic melts that originated by partial melting of metasomatised spinel lherzolite and spinel-garnet lherzolite, respectively. It is proposed that the compositions of the S1-Kızılkaya (mainly dacitic) and S2-Tirebolu (rhyolitic to trachytic) felsic rocks were particularly controlled by metasomatised mantle–crust interaction and MASH zone + shallow crustal fractionation processes. Our data, together with data from previous studies, suggest that the S1- and S2-mafic and felsic rocks of the LCAVs (~95–75 Ma) are the products of two-stage volcanic event that took place during the northward subduction of the northern Neotethys Ocean (NNO).
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| 3. |
- Kasapoğlu, Bülent, et al.
(författare)
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The petrology of Paleogene volcanism in the Central Sakarya, Nallıhan Region: Implications for the initiation and evolution of post-collisional, slab break-off-related magmatic activity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Lithos. - : Elsevier BV. - 0024-4937 .- 1872-6143. ; 246-247, s. 81-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zircon ages, mineral chemistry, whole-rock major and trace element compositions, as well as Sr–Nd isotopic ratios of basaltic (basanite, basalt, and hawaiite with MgO = 3.90–10.06 and SiO2 = 43.18–48.16) to andesitic (SiO2 = 50.86–61.27) and rhyolitic (SiO2 = 71.11–71.13) volcanic rocks (E-W emplaced Nallıhan volcanics) in the Lower Eocene terrestrial sedimentary units in the Central Sakarya Zone were studied and compared with those of the northerly located E-W-trending Eocene volcanic rocks (the Kızderbent Volcanics with 52.7–38.1 Ma radiometric ages) that are thought to be related to slab break-off process following the continental collision in the NW Anatolia. Zircon U–Pb ages of the Nallıhan volcanics vary from 51.7 ± 4.7 to 47.8 ± 2.4 Ma.Clinopyroxene from the basaltic and andesitic rocks record crystallization conditions from ~ 7–8 kbars (~ 23 km) and ~ 1210 °C, to 4.5–1.5 kbars (~ 14–1.5 km) and 1110–1010 °C crystallization conditions, respectively. The olivine-bearing, high-MgO (up to 10 wt%) basaltic rocks of the Nallıhan volcanics have nepheline-normative and Na-alkaline compositions, while the andesitic to rhyolitic rocks show calc-alkaline affinity with mainly sodic character. This is the first time this type of volcanic rock has been described in this region. The initial Sr isotopic ratios of both basaltic and andesitic–rhyolitic samples from the Nallıhan volcanics are similar (~ 0.7040–0.7045), indicating that fractional crystallization processes were not accompanied by crustal contamination and that the magma chambers were likely stored within ophiolitic units. Trace element ratios suggest that the Nallıhan volcanics were derived from E-MORB- or OIB-like enriched mantle sources, while the Kızderbent volcanics had N-MORB-like depleted mantle sources. Both volcanic units were produced by partial melting of spinel-bearing (shallow) mantle sources that had undergone subduction-related enrichment processes, with the degree of enrichment having been greater for the Kızderbent volcanics.The geochemical features of both the Nallıhan and Kızderbent volcanics are best explained as the result of slab break-off, in which the Nallıhan volcanics (located closer to the original subduction front) were produced mainly by the melting of upwelling asthenospheric mantle. Further back from the subduction front, the upwelling interacted with more highly metasomatized sub-arc mantle that underwent partial melting to produce the Kızderbent volcanics. This geodynamic scenario can be used for understanding other post-collisional slab break-off-related magmatic activities.
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| 4. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)
- 2021
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Ingår i: eLife. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
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| 5. |
- Mishra, A, et al.
(författare)
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Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents' growth and development
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 615:7954, s. 874-883
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was <1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.
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| 6. |
- Ring, Uwe, et al.
(författare)
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K-Ar fault-gouge dating in the Lower Buller gorge constrains the formation of the Paparoa Trough, West Coast, New Zealand
- 2021
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Ingår i: New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0028-8306 .- 1175-8791. ; 64:1, s. 49-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- K-Ar dating of fault gouge from the intersection of the WNW-striking Ohika Detachment of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex and a NNE-striking high-angle normal fault (Ohikaiti Fault) yielded an age of 103 +/- 3.5 Ma (1 sigma uncertainty) for metamorphic white mica and an age of 35.2 +/- 2.3 Ma for fault-gouge formation. The K-Ar four-point isochron is well defined and the upper-intercept age of 103 +/- 3.5 Ma is inferred to reflect growth of metamorphic white mica in the footwall of the Paparoa Metamorphic Core Complex. We relate the fault gouge at the Ohikaiti Fault to the formation of the Paparoa Trough in the latest Eocene and the deposition of the Rapahoe Group. The NNE-striking Ohikaiti Fault either reactivated a favourably oriented segment of the Ohika Detachment or cut the detachment and displaced it when the Paparoa Trough formed. We discuss a model of relatively modest deformation in the Paparoa Trough as part of the Challenger Rift System because the northern West Coast region was close to the pole of plate rotation in the late Eocene and Oligocene.
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| 7. |
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