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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Favalli, Andrea, et al.
(författare)
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Determining initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of pressurized-water-reactor spent fuel assemblies by analyzing passive gamma spectra measured at the Clab interim-fuel storage facility in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 820, s. 102-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI)–Spent Fuel (SF) project is to strengthen the technical toolkit of safeguards inspectors and/or other interested parties. The NGSI–SF team is working to achieve the following technical goals more easily and efficiently than in the past using nondestructive assay measurements of spent fuel assemblies: (1) verify the initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration; (2) detect the diversion or replacement of pins; (3) estimate the plutonium mass [which is also a function of the variables in (1)]; (4) estimate the decay heat; and (5) determine the reactivity of spent fuel assemblies. Since August 2013, a set of measurement campaigns has been conducted at the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab), in collaboration with Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB). One purpose of the measurement campaigns was to acquire passive gamma spectra with high-purity germanium and lanthanum bromide scintillation detectors from Pressurized Water Reactor and Boiling Water Reactor spent fuel assemblies. The absolute 137Cs count rate and the 154Eu/137Cs, 134Cs/137Cs, 106Ru/137Cs, and 144Ce/137Cs isotopic ratios were extracted; these values were used to construct corresponding model functions (which describe each measured quantity’s behavior over various combinations of burnup, cooling time, and initial enrichment) and then were used to determine those same quantities in each measured spent fuel assembly. The results obtained in comparison with the operator declared values, as well as the methodology developed, are discussed in detail in the paper.
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| 4. |
- Flood, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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DNA sensor-associated type I interferon signaling is increased in ulcerative colitis and induces JAK-dependent inflammatory cell death in colonic organoids
- 2022
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1857 .- 1522-1547. ; 323:5, s. G439-G460
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- DNA sensor pathways can initiate inflammasome, cell death, and type I interferon (IFN) signaling in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including type I interferonopathies. We investigated the involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) by analyzing the expression of DNA sensor, inflammasome, and type I IFN biomarker genes in colonic mucosal biopsy tissue from control (n = 31), inactive UC (n = 31), active UC (n = 33), and a UC single-cell RNA-Seq dataset. The effects of type I IFN (IFN-β), IFN-γ, and TNF-α on gene expression, cytokine production, and cell death were investigated in human colonic organoids. In organoids treated with cytokines alone, or in combination with NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase, or JAK inhibitors, cell death was measured, and supernatants were assayed for IL-1β/IL-18/CXCL10. The expression of DNA sensor pathway genes-PYHIN family members [absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), IFI16, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen (MNDA), and pyrin and HIN domain family member 1 (PYHIN1)- as well as Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), and DDX41 was increased in active UC and expressed in a cell type-restricted pattern. Inflammasome genes (CASP1, IL1B, and IL18), type I IFN inducers [stimulator of interferon response cGAMP interactor 1 (STING), TBK1, and IRF3), IFNB1, and type I IFN biomarker genes (OAS2, IFIT2, and MX2) were also increased in active UC. Cotreatment of organoids with IFN-β or IFN-γ in combination with TNFα increased expression of IFI16, ZBP1, CASP1, cGAS, and STING induced cell death and IL-1β/IL-18 secretion. This inflammatory cell death was blocked by the JAK inhibitor tofacitinib but not by inflammasome or caspase inhibitors. Increased type I IFN activity may drive elevated expression of DNA sensor genes and JAK-dependent but inflammasome-independent inflammatory cell death of colonic epithelial cells in UC.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study found that patients with active UC have significantly increased colonic gene expression of cytosolic DNA sensor, inflammasome, STING, and type I IFN signaling pathways. The type I IFN, IFN-β, in combination with TNF-α induced JAK-dependent but NLRP3 and inflammasome-independent inflammatory cell death of colonic organoids. This novel inflammatory cell death phenotype is relevant to UC immunopathology and may partially explain the efficacy of the JAKinibs tofacitinib and upadacitinib in patients with UC.
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| 5. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamical comparison and Z-stability for crossed products of simple C ⁎ -algebras
- 2024
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Ingår i: Advances in Mathematics. - 1090-2082 .- 0001-8708. ; 438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We establish Z-stability for crossed products of outer actions of amenable groups on Z-stable C⁎-algebras under a mild technical assumption which we call McDuff property with respect to invariant traces. We obtain such result using a weak form of dynamical comparison, which we verify in great generality. We complement our results by proving that McDuffness with respect to invariant traces is automatic in many cases of interest. This is the case, for instance, for every action of an amenable group G on a classifiable C⁎-algebra A whose trace space T(A) is a Bauer simplex with finite dimensional boundary ∂eT(A), and such that the induced action G↷∂eT(A) is free. If G=Zd and the action G↷∂eT(A) is free and minimal, then we obtain McDuffness with respect to invariant traces, and thus Z-stability of the corresponding crossed product, also in case ∂eT(A) has infinite covering dimension.
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| 6. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, 1988, et al.
(författare)
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Tracially amenable actions and purely infinite crossed products
- 2024
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Ingår i: Mathematische Annalen. - 0025-5831 .- 1432-1807. ; In Press
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce the notion of tracial amenability for actions of discrete groups on unital, tracial C∗-algebras, as a weakening of amenability where all the relevant approximations are done in the uniform trace norm. We characterize tracial amenability with various equivalent conditions, including topological amenability of the induced action on the trace space. Our main result concerns the structure of crossed products: for groups containing the free group F2, we show that outer, tracially amenable actions on simple, unital, Z-stable C∗-algebras always have purely infinite crossed products. Finally, we give concrete examples of tracially amenable actions of free groups on simple, unital AF-algebras.
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| 7. |
- Gardella, Eusebio, et al.
(författare)
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Tracially amenable actions and purely infinite crossed products
- 2024
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Ingår i: MATHEMATISCHE ANNALEN. - 0025-5831 .- 1432-1807.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce the notion of tracial amenability for actions of discrete groups on unital, tracial C * \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$<^>*$$\end{document} -algebras, as a weakening of amenability where all the relevant approximations are done in the uniform trace norm. We characterize tracial amenability with various equivalent conditions, including topological amenability of the induced action on the trace space. Our main result concerns the structure of crossed products: for groups containing the free group F 2 \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$F_2$$\end{document} , we show that outer, tracially amenable actions on simple, unital, Z \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\mathcal {Z}$$\end{document} -stable C * \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$<^>*$$\end{document} -algebras always have purely infinite crossed products. Finally, we give concrete examples of tracially amenable actions of free groups on simple, unital AF-algebras.
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| 8. |
- Grogan, B., et al.
(författare)
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NDA Measurement Analysis of Spent Nuclear Fuel Assemblies at the SwedishClab Facility Using the INDEPTH Code
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A project to research the application of non-destructive assay (NDA) to spent fuel assemblies is underwayamong a team comprised of the European Commission, DG Energy, Directorate Safeguards; the SwedishNuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company; Uppsala University; and US national laboratories (LosAlamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Oak Ride NationalLaboratory). The research goals of this project combine safeguards goals (detection of missing/substitutedfuel pins and verification of operator declarations) and non-safeguards goals (estimation of decay heat andreactivity of each assembly). The final objective of this project is to quantify the capability of severalintegrated NDA instruments being developed to meet the aforementioned safeguards and non-safeguardsgoals using combined signatures of neutron, gamma-ray, and decay heat.In support of these goals, passive gamma and neutron measurements were made on 50 spent fuelassemblies at the Swedish Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab) using high-purity germanium and Fork detectors. The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Inverse DepletionTheory (INDEPTH) code was used to reconstruct the spent fuel parameters (initial enrichment, burnup,and cooling time) for each assembly. INDEPTH uses a gradient-based search technique—combined withthe ORIGEN code for forward depletion calculations—to find the spent fuel parameters that result inpassive gamma and neutron outputs that best match the measurements. The results of the INDEPTHcalculations are presented and compared to the operator declarations (trusted in this case) in order toassess how accurately these parameters can be determined using current passive gamma and neutronmeasurements. These results will provide a baseline which can be used to assess whether and by howmuch new safeguards instruments being developed for NDA measurements can improve the accuracy ofreconstructed fuel parameter values.
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| 9. |
- Hedman, Linnea, et al.
(författare)
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Receiving support to quit smoking and quit attempts among smokers with and without smoking related diseases : Findings from the EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tobacco Induced Diseases. - Heraklion : European Publishing. - 1617-9625. ; 16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION Having a chronic disease either caused or worsened by tobacco smoking does not always translate into quitting smoking. Although smoking cessation is one of the most cost-effective medical interventions, it remains poorly implemented in healthcare settings. The aim was to examine whether smokers with chronic and respiratory diseases were more likely to receive support to quit smoking by a healthcare provider or make a quit attempt than smokers without these diseases.METHODS This population-based study included a sample of 6011 adult smokers in six European countries. The participants were interviewed face-to-face and asked questions on sociodemographic characteristics, current diagnoses for chronic diseases, healthcare visits in the last 12 months and, if so, whether they had received any support to quit smoking. Questions on smoking behavior included nicotine dependence, motivation to quit smoking and quit attempts in the last 12 months. The results are presented as weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and as adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI based on logistic regression analyses.RESULTS Smokers with chronic respiratory disease, those aged 55 years and older, as well as those with one or more chronic diseases were more likely to receive smoking cessation advice from a healthcare professional. Making a quit attempt in the last year was related to younger age, high educational level, higher motivation to quit, lower nicotine dependence and having received advice to quit from a healthcare professional but not with having chronic diseases. There were significant differences between countries with smokers in Romania consistently reporting more support to quit as well as quit attempts.CONCLUSIONS Although smokers with respiratory disease did indeed receive smoking cessation support more often than smokers without disease, many smokers did not receive any advice or support to quit during a healthcare visit.
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| 10. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 11. |
- Pal, Antara, et al.
(författare)
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Extending depolarized DLS measurements to turbid samples
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797. ; 627, s. 1-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The application of dynamic light scattering to soft matter systems has strongly profited from advanced approaches such as the so-called modulated 3D cross correlation technique (Mod3D-DLS) that suppress contributions from multiple scattering, and can therefore be used for the characterization of turbid samples. Here we now extend the possibilities of this technique to allow for depolarized light scattering (Mod3D-DDLS) and thus obtain information on both translational and rotational diffusion, which is important for the characterization of anisotropic particles. We describe the required optical design and test the performance of the approach for increasingly turbid samples using well defined anisotropic colloidal models systems. Our measurements demonstrate that 3D-DDLS experiments can be performed successfully for samples with a reduced transmission due to multiple scattering as low as 1%. We compare the results from this approach with those obtained by standard DDLS experiments, and point out the importance of using an appropriate optical design when performing depolarized dynamic light scattering experiments with turbid systems.
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| 12. |
- Picetti, Edoardo, et al.
(författare)
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Early management of adult traumatic spinal cord injury in patients with polytrauma : a consensus and clinical recommendations jointly developed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) & the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS)
- 2024
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1749-7922. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The early management of polytrauma patients with traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a major challenge. Sparse data is available to provide optimal care in this scenario and worldwide variability in clinical practice has been documented in recent studies.Methods: A multidisciplinary consensus panel of physicians selected for their established clinical and scientific expertise in the acute management of tSCI polytrauma patients with different specializations was established. The World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (EANS) endorsed the consensus, and a modified Delphi approach was adopted.Results: A total of 17 statements were proposed and discussed. A consensus was reached generating 17 recommendations (16 strong and 1 weak).Conclusions: This consensus provides practical recommendations to support a clinician's decision making in the management of tSCI polytrauma patients.
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| 13. |
- Tobin, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Nondestructive Assay Data Integration with the SKB-50 Assemblies - FY16 Update
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A project to research the application of non-destructive assay (NDA) techniques for spent fuel assemblies is underway at the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (for which the Swedish acronym is Clab) in Oskarshamn, Sweden. The research goals of this project contain both safeguards and non-safeguards interests. These nondestructive assay (NDA) technologies are designed to strengthen the technical toolkit of safeguard inspectors and others to determine the following technical goals more accurately; Verify initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration for spent fuel assemblies; Detect replaced or missing pins from a given spent fuel assembly to confirm its integrity; and Estimate plutonium mass and related plutonium and uranium fissile mass parameters in spent fuel assemblies. Estimate heat content, and measure reactivity (multiplication).
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| 14. |
- Vaccaro, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
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PWR and BWR spent fuel assembly gamma spectra measurements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 833, s. 208-225
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A project to research the application of nondestructive assay (NDA) to spent fuel assemblies is underway. The research team comprises the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM), embodied by the European Commission, DG Energy, Directorate EURATOM Safeguards; the Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB); two universities; and several United States national laboratories. The Next Generation of Safeguards Initiative–Spent Fuel project team is working to achieve the following technical goals more easily and efficiently than in the past using nondestructive assay measurements of spent fuel assemblies: (1) verify the initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration; (2) detect the diversion or replacement of pins, (3) estimate the plutonium mass, (4) estimate the decay heat, and (5) determine the reactivity of spent fuel assemblies. This study focuses on spectrally resolved gamma-ray measurements performed on a diverse set of 50 assemblies [25 pressurized water reactor (PWR) assemblies and 25 boiling water reactor (BWR) assemblies]; these same 50 assemblies will be measured with neutron-based NDA instruments and a full-length calorimeter. Given that encapsulation/repository and dry storage safeguards are the primarily intended applications, the analysis focused on the dominant gamma-ray lines of 137Cs, 154Eu, and 134Cs because these isotopes will be the primary gamma-ray emitters during the time frames of interest to these applications. This study addresses the impact on the measured passive gamma-ray signals due to the following factors: burnup, initial enrichment, cooling time, assembly type (eight different PWR and six different BWR fuel designs), presence of gadolinium rods, and anomalies in operating history. To compare the measured results with theory, a limited number of ORIGEN-ARP simulations were performed.
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| 15. |
- Vo, Duc, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of pressurized-water-reactor spent fuel assemblies by analysis of passive gamma spectra measured at the Clab interim-fuel storage facility in Sweden
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of the Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI)-Spent Fuel (SF) project is to strengthen the technical toolkit of safeguards inspectors and/or others. NGSI-spent fuel is working to achieve the following technical goals more easily and efficiently than in the past using nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements of spent fuel assemblies: (1) verify the initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration, (2) detect the diversion or replacement of pins, (3) quantify the plutonium mass in spent fuel [which is also a function of the variables in (1)], (4) estimate the decay heat, and (5) estimate the reactivity. In the first phase of the NGSI initiative, libraries of virtual pressurized-water-reactor (PWR) spent fuel assemblies were developed as a function of various reactor conditions. Simulated passive gamma-ray spectra were analyzed, along with a range of other NDA techniques, to investigate a methodology to determine initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time. In the context of passive gamma research, a set of equations that quantifies the 137Cs count rate, 134Cs/137Cs count-rate ratio, and 154Eu/137Cs count-rate ratio was constructed as a model to extract those parameters. In the second phase of the project, an experimental activity was undertaken. Since August 2013 a set of measurement campaigns has been conducted at the Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab), in collaboration with Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company (SKB). One purpose of the measurement campaigns was to acquire passive gamma spectra with high-purity germanium and lanthanum bromide scintillation detectors from PWR and boiling-water-reactor spent fuel assemblies. The absolute 137Cs count rate and the 154Eu/137Cs, 134Cs/137Cs, 106Ru/137Cs, and 144Ce/137Cs ratios were extracted by the Fixed energy Response function Analysis with Multiple efficiencies (FRAM) code. The values have been used to construct corresponding model functions, which describe each measured quantity’s behavior over various combinations of burnup, cooling time, and initial enrichment, and were used to determine those same quantities in each measured spent fuel assembly. The results obtained in comparison with the operator declared values, as well as the methodology developed, will be discussed in detail.
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| 16. |
- Vo, Duc, et al.
(författare)
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Passive gamma analysis of the boiling-water-reactor assemblies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 830, s. 325-337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research focused on the analysis of a set of stationary passive gamma measurements taken on the spent nuclear fuel assemblies from a boiling water reactor (BWR) using pulse height analysis data acquisition. The measurements were performed on 25 different BWR assemblies in 2014 at Sweden's Central Interim Storage Facility for Spent Nuclear Fuel (Clab). This study was performed as part of the Next Generation of Safeguards Initiative–Spent Fuel project to research the application of nondestructive assay (NDA) to spent fuel assemblies. The NGSI–SF team is working to achieve the following technical goals more easily and efficiently than in the past using nondestructive assay (NDA) measurements of spent fuel assemblies: (1) verify the initial enrichment, burnup, and cooling time of facility declaration; (2) detect the diversion or replacement of pins, (3) estimate the plutonium mass, (4) estimate the decay heat, and (5) determine the reactivity of spent fuel assemblies. The final objective of this project is to quantify the capability of several integrated NDA instruments to meet the aforementioned goals using the combined signatures of neutrons, gamma rays, and heat.This report presents a selection of the measured data and summarizes an analysis of the results. Specifically, trends in the count rates measured for spectral lines from the following isotopes were analyzed as a function of the declared burnup and cooling time:137Cs, 154Eu, 134Cs, and to a lesser extent, 106Ru and 144Ce. From these measured count rates, predictive algorithms were developed to enable the estimation of the burnup and cooling time. Furthermore, these algorithms were benchmarked on a set of assemblies not included in the standard assemblies set used by this research team.
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