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- Sammallahti, S, et al.
(författare)
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Prenatal maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and negative affectivity in infancy
- 2023
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Ingår i: European child & adolescent psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-165X .- 1018-8827. ; 32:4, s. 601-609
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Higher maternal vitamin D concentration during pregnancy is associated with better child mental health. Negative affectivity, an early-emerging temperamental trait, indicates an increased risk of psychopathology. We investigated if maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neonatal cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with Negative affectivity in infancy. We studied term-born infants from the vitamin D Intervention in Infants study (VIDI, n = 777, follow-up rate 80%, Finland), and the Generation R Study (n = 1505, follow-up rate 40%, Netherlands). We measured maternal serum 25(OH)D at 6–27 weeks (VIDI) or 18–25 weeks (Generation R) of pregnancy, and cord blood 25(OH)D at birth (both cohorts). Caregivers rated infant Negative affectivity at 11.7 months (VIDI) or 6.5 months (Generation R) using the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Using linear regression, we tested associations between 25(OH)D and Negative affectivity adjusted for infant age, sex, season of 25(OH)D measurement, maternal age, education, smoking, and body-mass-index. Per 10 nmol/l increase in maternal early/mid-pregnancy 25(OH)D, infant Negative affectivity decreased by 0.02 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] − 0.06, − 0.004) in VIDI, and 0.03 standard deviations (95% CI − 0.03, − 0.01) in Generation R. Cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with Negative affectivity in Generation R (− 0.03, 95% CI − 0.05, − 0.01), but not VIDI (0.00, 95% CI − 0.02, 0.02). Lower maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were consistently associated with higher infant Negative affectivity, while associations between cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations and Negative affectivity were less clear. Maternal vitamin D status during early- and mid-pregnancy may be linked with early-emerging differences in offspring behavior.
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- Enlund-Cerullo, M, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic Variation of the Vitamin D Binding Protein Affects Vitamin D Status and Response to Supplementation in Infants
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 104:11, s. 5483-5498
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ContextSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the vitamin D binding protein encoding the GC (group component) gene affect 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations, but their influence on vitamin D status and response to vitamin D supplementation in infants is unknown.ObjectiveTo study GC genotype–related differences in 25OHD concentrations and the response to supplementation during a vitamin D intervention study in infants.DesignIn this randomized controlled trial, healthy term infants received vitamin D3 (10 or 30 μg/d) from 2 weeks to 24 months of age. GC SNPs rs2282679, rs4588, rs7041, and rs1155563 were genotyped. rs4588/7041 diplotype and haplotypes of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041 (Haplo3SNP) and of all four SNPs (Haplo4SNP) were determined.Main Outcome Measures25OHD measured in cord blood at birth and at 12 and 24 months during intervention.ResultsA total of 913 infants were included. Minor allele homozygosity of all studied GC SNPs, their combined haplotypes, and rs4588/rs7041 diplotype 2/2 were associated with lower 25OHD concentrations at all time points in one or both intervention groups [analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) P < 0.043], with the exception of rs7041, which did not affect 25OHD at birth. In the high-dose supplementation group receiving 30 μg/d vitamin D3, but not in those receiving 10 µg/d, genotype of rs2282679, rs4588, and rs7041; diplotype; and Haplo3SNP significantly affected intervention response (repeated measurement ANCOVA Pinteraction < 0.019). Minor allele homozygotes had lower 25OHD concentrations and smaller increases in 25OHD throughout the intervention.ConclusionsIn infants, vitamin D binding protein genotype affects 25OHD concentration and efficiency of high-dose vitamin D3 supplementation.
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- Valkama, S, et al.
(författare)
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No Severe Hypercalcemia with Daily Vitamin D3 Supplementation of up to 30 µg during the First Year of Life
- 2017
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Ingår i: Hormone research in paediatrics. - : S. Karger AG. - 1663-2826 .- 1663-2818. ; 88:2, s. 147-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Vitamin D supplementation is widely recommended for infants, but the optimal dose remains unclear. High intake may result in hypercalcemia. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We evaluated the incidence of hypercalcemia during the first year of life in a cohort of 987 healthy children who received 10 or 30 μg of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation daily. Ionized calcium (Ca-ion) was analyzed at 6 and 12 months, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration at 12 months. Severe hypercalcemia was defined as Ca-ion exceeding the reference limit (1.16–1.39 mmol/L) by 10%. <b><i>Results:</i></b> No severe hypercalcemia occurred. Mild hypercalcemia (1.40–1.52 mmol/L) was present at 6 months in 28% and at 12 months in 2% of infants. At 12 months, 25-OHD ranged between 23 and 241 nmol/L (median 97), and PTH was between undetectable and 104 pg/mL (median 24) and was below the reference range (11.5–78.4 pg/mL) in 11%. 25-OHD and Ca-ion correlated positively (<i>r</i> = 0.149), and 25-OHD was slightly higher in the 12 infants with mild hypercalcemia (median 97 vs. 110 nmol/L, <i>p</i> = 0.046). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplementation of 10 or 30 µg did not cause severe hypercalcemia. Mild hypercalcemia was more prevalent at 6 months than at 12 months, and was associated weakly with 25-OHD at 12 months.
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- Yoo, S.K., et al.
(författare)
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The K - μ / inverse gamma fading model
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. - 9781467367820 ; 2015-December, s. 425-429
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 IEEE. Statistical distributions have been extensively used in modeling fading effects in conventional and modern wireless communications. In the present work, we propose a novel κ - μ composite shadowed fading model, which is based on the valid assumption that the mean signal power follows the inverse gamma distribution instead of the lognormal or commonly used gamma distributions. This distribution has a simple relationship with the gamma distribution, but most importantly, its semi heavy-tailed characteristics constitute it suitable for applications relating to modeling of shadowed fading. Furthermore, the derived probability density function of the κ - μ / inverse gamma composite distribution admits a rather simple algebraic representation that renders it convenient to handle both analytically and numerically. The validity and utility of this fading model are demonstrated by means of modeling the fading effects encountered in body centric communications channels, which have been known to be susceptible to the shadowing effect. To this end, extensive comparisons are provided between theoretical and respective real-time measurement results. It is shown that these comparisons exhibit accurate fitting of the new model for various measurement set ups that correspond to realistic communication scenarios.
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- Yoo, S.K., et al.
(författare)
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The η - μ / inverse gamma composite fading model
- 2015
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Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC. - 2166-9570. - 9781467367820 ; 2015-December, s. 166-170
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 IEEE. In this paper we propose a new composite fading model which assumes that the mean signal power of an η - μ signal envelope follows an inverse gamma distribution. The inverse gamma distribution has a simple relationship with the gamma distribution and can be used to model shadowed fading due to its semi heavy-tailed characteristics. To demonstrate the utility of the new η - μ / inverse gamma composite fading model, we investigate the characteristics of the shadowed fading behavior observed in body centric communications channels which are known to be susceptible to shadowing effects, particularly generated by the human body. It is shown that the η - μ / inverse gamma composite fading model provided an excellent fit to the measurement data. Moreover, using Kullback-Leibler divergence, the η - μ / inverse gamma composite fading model was found to provide a better fit to the measured data than the k - μ / inverse gamma composite fading model, for the communication scenarios considered here.
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- Brlík, V, et al.
(författare)
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Survival fluctuation is linked to precipitation variation during staging in a migratory shorebird
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how weather conditions affect animal populations is essential to foresee population changes in times of global climate shifts. However, assessing year-round weather impacts on demographic parameters is hampered in migratory animals due to often unknown occurrence in space and time. We addressed this by coupling tracking and weather data to explain extensive variation in apparent survival across 19 years in a northern European population of little ringed plovers (Charadrius dubius). Over 90% (n=21) of tracked individuals followed migration routes along the Indo-European flyway to south India. Building on capture–recapture histories of nearly 1400 individuals, we found that between-year variation in precipitation during post-breeding staging in northern South Asia explained 47% of variation in apparent adult survival. Overall, the intensity of the monsoon in South Asia explained 31–33% of variability in apparent survival. In contrast, weather conditions in breeding, final non-breeding and pre-breeding quarters appeared less important in this species. The integration of multi-source data seems essential for identifying key regions and periods limiting population growth, for forecasting future changes and targeting conservation efforts.
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| 20. |
- De Lima, Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - 2169-3536 .- 2169-3536. ; 9, s. 26902-26925
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust.
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- Lu, Yi, et al.
(författare)
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Bayesian Filtering for Joint Multi-User Positioning, Synchronization and Anchor State Calibration
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 72:8, s. 10949-10964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Millimeter (mmWave) positioning can go beyond classical localization, allowing to extract more complete situational awareness in terms of, e.g, clock offsets, antenna orientations or landmark locations. In this article, we formulate an extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based framework called MU-PoSAC (Multi-User Positioning, Synchronization and Anchor State Calibration), that allows to jointly estimate and track the locations and clock offsets of multiple users together with the unknown locations and orientation offsets of the anchors, building on angle-of-arrival (AoA) and time-of-arrival (ToA) measurements. We provide an extensive set of numerical results in the context of mmWave 5 G New Radio (NR) deployment in an industrial facility with moving robots and other industrial vehicles, incorporating full-scale ray-tracing for accurate propagation modeling as well as actual uplink reference signal based AoA and ToA estimators. Our numerical results show that estimating and tracking the overall system state is feasible, and that a single reference anchor can further enhance the estimation accuracy. In addition, more users are shown to lead to better performance, due to the beneficial coupling of the anchor state. Therefore, our study demonstrates that in order to maximize the estimation performance, it is desirable to have at least one anchor state precisely known, and to have multiple users in the system. Finally, the important practical aspect of Line-of-Sight (LoS) blockage is addressed. It is shown that in the considered industrial use case, the proposed MU-PoSAC framework can offer robustness against intermittent LoS blockage.
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