| 1. |
- van der Beek, Allard, et al.
(författare)
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A research framework for the development and implementation of interventions preventing work-related musculoskeletal disorders
- 2017
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 43:6, s. 526-539
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) are highly prevalent and put a large burden on the (working) society. Primary prevention of work-related MSD focuses often on physical risk factors (such as on manual lifting and awkward postures), but has not been too successful in reducing the MSD burden. This may partly be caused by insufficient knowledge of etiological mechanisms and/or a lack of adequately feasible interventions (theory failure and program failure, respectively), possibly due to limited integration of research disciplines. A research framework could link research disciplines thereby strengthening the development and implementation of preventive interventions. Our objective was to define and describe such a framework for multi-disciplinary research on work-related MSD prevention.Methods: We described a framework for MSD prevention research, partly based on frameworks from other research fields (i.e., sports injury prevention and public health).Results: The framework is composed of a repeated sequence of six steps comprising the assessment of 1) incidence and severity of MSD, 2) risk factors for MSD, and 3) underlying mechanisms; and the 4) development, 5) evaluation, and 6) implementation of preventive intervention(s).Conclusions: In the present framework for optimal work-related MSD prevention, research disciplines are linked. This framework can thereby help to improve theories and strengthen the development and implementation of prevention strategies for work-related MSD.
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| 2. |
- Ajithkumar, Thankamma, et al.
(författare)
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SIOPE - Brain tumor group consensus guideline on craniospinal target volume delineation for high-precision radiotherapy
- 2018
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Ingår i: Radiotherapy and Oncology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 128:2, s. 192-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To develop a consensus guideline for craniospinal target volume (TV) delineation in children and young adults participating in SIOPE studies in the era of high-precision radiotherapy. Methods and materials: During four consensus meetings (Cambridge, Essen, Liverpool, and Marseille), conventional field-based TV has been translated into image-guided high-precision craniospinal TV by a group of expert paediatric radiation oncologists and enhanced by MRI images of liquor distribution. Results: The CTVcranial should include the whole brain, cribriform plate, most inferior part of the temporal lobes, and the pituitary fossa. If the full length of both optic nerves is not included, the dose received by different volumes of optic nerve should be recorded to correlate with future patterns of relapse (no consensus). The CTVcranial should be modified to include the dural cuffs of cranial nerves as they pass through the skull base foramina. Attempts to spare the cochlea by excluding CSF within the internal auditory canal should be avoided. The CTVspinal should include the entire subarachnoid space, including nerve roots laterally. The lower limit of the spinal CTV is at the lower limit of the thecal sac, best visible on MRI scan. There is no need to include sacral root canals in the spinal CTV. Conclusion: This consensus guideline has the potential to improve consistency of craniospinal TV delineation in an era of high-precision radiotherapy. This proposal will be incorporated in the RTQA guidelines of future SIOPE-BTG trials using CSI.
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| 3. |
- Haas, David W., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacogenetics of Between-Individual Variability in Plasma Clearance of Bedaquiline and Clofazimine in South Africa
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Infectious Diseases. - : Oxford University Press. - 0022-1899 .- 1537-6613. ; 226:1, s. 147-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a cohort of patients treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa, CYP3A5*3was associated with slower plasma bedaquiline clearance. Different CYP3A5*3minor allele frequencies among populations may help explain the more rapid bedaquiline clearance previously reported with African ancestry.Background Plasma bedaquiline clearance is reportedly more rapid with African ancestry. Our objective was to determine whether genetic polymorphisms explained between-individual variability in plasma clearance of bedaquiline, its M2 metabolite, and clofazimine in a cohort of patients treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.Methods Plasma clearance was estimated with nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Associations between pharmacogenetic polymorphisms, genome-wide polymorphisms, and variability in clearance were examined using linear regression models.Results Of 195 cohort participants, 140 were evaluable for genetic associations. Among 21 polymorphisms selected based on prior genome-wide significant associations with any drug, rs776746 (CYP3A5*3) was associated with slower clearance of bedaquiline (P = .0017) but not M2 (P = .25). CYP3A5*3 heterozygosity and homozygosity were associated with 15% and 30% slower bedaquiline clearance, respectively. The lowest P value for clofazimine clearance was with VKORC1 rs9923231 (P = .13). In genome-wide analyses, the lowest P values for clearance of bedaquiline and clofazimine were with RFX4 rs76345012 (P = 6.4 x 10(-7)) and CNTN5 rs75285763 (P = 2.9 x 10(-8)), respectively.Conclusions Among South Africans treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis, CYP3A5*3 was associated with slower bedaquiline clearance. Different CYP3A5*3 frequencies among populations may help explain the more rapid bedaquiline clearance reported in Africans. Associations with RFX4 and CNTN5 are likely by chance alone.
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| 4. |
- Toussaint, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical practice in European centres treating paediatric posterior fossa tumours with pencil beam scanning proton therapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY. - 0167-8140 .- 1879-0887. ; 198
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose: As no guidelines for pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton therapy (PT) of paediatric posterior fossa (PF) tumours exist to date, this study investigated planning techniques across European PT centres, with special considerations for brainstem and spinal cord sparing. Materials and methods: A survey and a treatment planning comparison were initiated across nineteen European PBS-PT centres treating paediatric patients. The survey assessed all aspects of the treatment chain, including but not limited to delineations, dose constraints and treatment planning. Each centre planned two PF tumour cases for focal irradiation, according to their own clinical practice but based on common delineations. The prescription dose was 54 Gy(RBE) for Case 1 and 59.4 Gy (RBE) for Case 2. For both cases, planning strategies and relevant dose metrics were compared. Results: Seventeen (89 %) centres answered the survey, and sixteen (80 %) participated in the treatment planning comparison. In the survey, thirteen (68 %) centres reported using the European Particle Therapy Network definition for brainstem delineation. In the treatment planning study, while most centres used three beam directions, their configurations varied widely across centres. Large variations were also seen in brainstem doses, with a brainstem near maximum dose (D2%) ranging from 52.7 Gy(RBE) to 55.7 Gy(RBE) (Case 1), and from 56.8 Gy(RBE) to 60.9 Gy(RBE) (Case 2). Conclusion: This study assessed the European PBS-PT planning of paediatric PF tumours. Agreement was achieved in e.g. delineation-practice, while wider variations were observed in planning approach and consequently dose to organs at risk. Collaboration between centres is still ongoing, striving towards common guidelines.
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| 5. |
- Zekveld, Adriana, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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The application of pupillometry to assess processing load during listening to speech in challenging conditions
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the International Conference on Noise Control Engineering.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Within the field of Audiology, a reliable measure of cognitive load while listening to speech is highly needed. A promising method is measurement of the pupil response. The reliability and validity of this application of pupillometry is discussed by combining and comparing the results of five studies assessing the influence of speech perception difficulty (speech-to-noise ratio) on cognitive load during listening. The results show consistently larger pupil responses in more difficult listening conditions. Furthermore, the data indicate that the pupil response provides information additional to speech recognition performance and subjective measures. Overall, the potential of pupillometry as a sensitive and valid cognitive load index is confirmed by the data.
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