| 1. |
- Altai, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
188Re-ZHER2:V2, a promising affibody-based targeting agent against HER2-expressing tumors : preclinical assessment
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 55:11, s. 8-1842
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UNLABELLED: Affibody molecules are small (7 kDa) nonimmunoglobulin scaffold proteins with favorable tumor-targeting properties. Studies concerning the influence of chelators on biodistribution of (99m)Tc-labeled Affibody molecules demonstrated that the variant with a C-terminal glycyl-glycyl-glycyl-cysteine peptide-based chelator (designated ZHER2:V2) has the best biodistribution profile in vivo and the lowest renal retention of radioactivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 as a potential candidate for radionuclide therapy of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-expressing tumors.METHODS: ZHER2:V2 was labeled with (188)Re using a gluconate-containing kit. Targeting of HER2-overexpressing SKOV-3 ovarian carcinoma xenografts in nude mice was studied for a dosimetry assessment.RESULTS: Binding of (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 to living SKOV-3 cells was demonstrated to be specific, with an affinity of 6.4 ± 0.4 pM. The biodistribution study showed a rapid blood clearance (1.4 ± 0.1 percentage injected activity per gram [%ID/g] at 1 h after injection). The tumor uptake was 14 ± 2, 12 ± 2, 5 ± 2, and 1.8 ± 0.5 %IA/g at 1, 4, 24, and 48 h after injection, respectively. The in vivo targeting of HER2-expressing xenografts was specific. Already at 4 h after injection, tumor uptake exceeded kidney uptake (2.1 ± 0.2 %IA/g). Scintillation-camera imaging showed that tumor xenografts were the only sites with prominent accumulation of radioactivity at 4 h after injection. Based on the biokinetics, a dosimetry evaluation for humans suggests that (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 would provide an absorbed dose to tumor of 79 Gy without exceeding absorbed doses of 23 Gy to kidneys and 2 Gy to bone marrow. This indicates that future human radiotherapy studies may be feasible.CONCLUSION: (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 can deliver high absorbed doses to tumors without exceeding kidney and bone marrow toxicity limits.
|
|
| 2. |
- Altai, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
In Vivo and In Vitro Studies on Renal Uptake of Radiolabeled Affibody Molecules for Imaging of HER2 Expression in Tumors
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals. - : Mary Ann Liebert Inc. - 1084-9785 .- 1557-8852. ; 28:3, s. 187-195
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules (6-7 kDa) are a new class of small robust three-helical scaffold proteins. Radiolabeled subnanomolar anti-HER2 affibody Z(HER2:342) was developed for imaging of HER2 expression in tumors, and a clinical study has demonstrated that the In-111- and Ga-68-labeled affibody molecules can efficiently detect HER2 expressing metastases in breast cancer patients. However, a significant renal accumulation of radioactivity after systemic injection of a radiolabeled anti-HER2 affibody conjugate is observed. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of renal reabsorption of anti-HER2 affibody at the molecular level. Renal accumulation of radiolabeled anti-HER2 affibody molecules was studied in a murine model and in vitro using opossum-derived proximal tubule (OK) cells. It was found that kidney reabsorption of affibody molecule was not driven by megalin/cubilin. Amino acids in the target-binding side of affibody molecule were involved in binding to OK cells. On OK cells, two types of receptors for anti-HER2 affibody molecule were found: K-D1 = 0.8 nM, B-max1 = 71,500 and K-D2 = 9.2 nM, B-max2 = 367,000. The results of the present study indicate that affibody molecule and other scaffold-based targeting proteins with a relatively low kidney uptake can be selected using in vitro studies with tubular kidney cells.
|
|
| 3. |
- Altai, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of an optimal cysteine-containing peptide-based chelator for labeling of affibody molecules with (188)Re.
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0223-5234 .- 1768-3254. ; 87, s. 519-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Affibody molecules constitute a class of small (7 kDa) scaffold proteins that can be engineered to have excellent tumor targeting properties. High reabsorption in kidneys complicates development of affibody molecules for radionuclide therapy. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the composition of cysteine-containing C-terminal peptide-based chelators on the biodistribution and renal retention of (188)Re-labeled anti-HER2 affibody molecules. Biodistribution of affibody molecules containing GGXC or GXGC peptide chelators (where X is G, S, E or K) was compared with biodistribution of a parental affibody molecule ZHER2:2395 having a KVDC peptide chelator. All constructs retained low picomolar affinity to HER2-expressing cells after labeling. The biodistribution of all (188)Re-labeled affibody molecules was in general comparable, with the main observed difference found in the uptake and retention of radioactivity in excretory organs. The (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 affibody molecule with a GGGC chelator provided the lowest uptake in all organs and tissues. The renal retention of (188)Re-ZHER2:V2 (3.1 ± 0.5 %ID/g at 4 h after injection) was 55-fold lower than retention of the parental (188)Re-ZHER2:2395 (172 ± 32 %ID/g). We show that engineering of cysteine-containing peptide-based chelators can be used for significant improvement of biodistribution of (188)Re-labeled scaffold proteins, particularly reduction of their uptake in excretory organs.
|
|
| 4. |
- Altai, Mohamed, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of an optimal cysteine-containing peptide-based chelator for labeling of Affibody molecules with 188-Re
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 40:Suppl. 2, s. S219-S220
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Affibody molecules constitute a class of small (7 kDa) scaffold proteins that can be engineered to have excellent tumor targeting properties. High reabsorption in kidneys complicates development of affibody molecules for radionuclide therapy. In this study, we evaluated the influence of the composition of cysteine-containing C-terminal peptide-based chelators on the biodistribution and renal retention of 188Re-labeled anti-HER2 affibody molecules. Biodistribution of affibody molecules containing GGXC or GXGC peptide chelators (where X is G, S, E or K) was compared with biodistribution of a parental affibody molecule ZHER2:2395 having a KVDC peptide chelator. All constructs retained low picomolar affinity to HER2-expressing cells after labeling. The biodistribution of all 188Re-labeled affibody molecules was in general comparable, with the main observed difference found in the uptake and retention of radioactivity in excretory organs. The 188Re-ZHER2:V2 affibody molecule with a GGGC chelator provided the lowest uptake in all organs and tissues. The renal retention of 188Re-ZHER2:V2 (3.1±0.5 %ID/g at 4 h after injection) was 55-fold lower than retention of the parental 188Re-ZHER2:2395 (172±32 %ID/g). We show that engineering of cysteine-containing peptide-based chelators can be used for significant improvement of biodistribution of 188Re-labeled scaffold proteins, particularly reduction of their uptake in excretory organs.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Ken G, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative evaluation of 111In-labeled NOTA‑conjugated affibody molecules for visualization of HER3 expression in malignant tumors
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Oncology Reports. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1021-335X .- 1791-2431. ; 34:2, s. 1042-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) in malignant tumors has been associated with resistance to a variety of anticancer therapies. Several anti-HER3 monoclonal antibodies are currently under pre-clinical and clinical development aiming to overcome HER3-mediated resistance. Radionuclide molecular imaging of HER3 expression may improve treatment by allowing the selection of suitable patients for HER3-targeted therapy. Affibody molecules are a class of small (7kDa) high-affinity targeting proteins with appreciable potential as molecular imaging probes. In a recent study, we selected affibody molecules with affinity to HER3 at a low picomolar range. The aim of the present study was to develop an anti-HER3 affibody molecule suitable for labeling with radiometals. The HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA and HEHEHE-Z08699-NOTA HER3-specific affibody molecules were labeled with indium‑111 (111In) and assessed invitro and invivo for imaging properties using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Labeling of HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA and HEHEHE-Z08699-NOTA with 111In provided stable conjugates. Invitro cell tests demonstrated specific binding of the two conjugates to HER3-expressing BT‑474 breast carcinoma cells. In mice bearing BT‑474 xenografts, the tumor uptake of the two conjugates was receptor‑specific. Direct invivo comparison of 111In-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA and 111In-HEHEHE-Z08699‑NOTA demonstrated that the two conjugates provided equal radioactivity uptake in tumors, although the tumor-to-blood ratio was improved for 111In-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA [12±3 vs. 8±1, 4h post injection (p.i.)] due to more efficient blood clearance. 111In-HEHEHE-Z08698-NOTA is a promising candidate for imaging of HER3-expression in malignant tumors using SPECT. Results of the present study indicate that this conjugate could be used for patient stratification for anti-HER3 therapy.
|
|
| 7. |
- Lundmark, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
-
Heterodimeric Radiotracer Targeting PSMA and GRPR for Imaging of Prostate Cancer-Optimization of the Affinity towards PSMA by Linker Modification in Murine Model
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Pharmaceutics. - : MDPI. - 1999-4923. ; 12:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) are promising targets for molecular imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) lesions. Due to the heterogenic overexpression of PSMA and GRPR in PCa, a heterodimeric radiotracer with the ability to bind to both targets could be beneficial. Recently, our group reported the novel heterodimer BQ7800 consisting of a urea-based PSMA inhibitor, the peptide-based GRPR antagonist RM26 and NOTA chelator. The study reported herein, aimed to improve the affinity of BQ7800 towards PSMA by changing the composition of the two linkers connecting the PSMA- and GRPR-targeting motifs. Three novel heterodimeric analogues were synthesized by incorporation of phenylalanine in the functional linker of the PSMA-binding motif and/or shortening the PEG-linker coupled to RM26. The heterodimers were labeled with indium-111 and evaluated in vitro. In the competitive binding assay, BQ7812, featuring phenylalanine and shorter PEG-linker, demonstrated a nine-fold improved affinity towards PSMA. In the in vivo biodistribution study of [In-111]In-BQ7812 in PC3-pip tumor-bearing mice (PSMA and GRPR positive), the activity uptake was two-fold higher in the tumor and three-fold higher in kidneys than for [In-111]In-BQ7800. Herein, we showed that the affinity of a bispecific PSMA/GRPR heterodimer towards PSMA could be improved by linker modification.
|
|
| 8. |
- Malm, Magdalena, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibiting HER3-Mediated Tumor Cell Growth with Affibody Molecules Engineered to Low Picomolar Affinity by Position-Directed Error-Prone PCR-Like Diversification
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science, USA. - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e62791-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The HER3 receptor is implicated in the progression of various cancers as well as in resistance to several currently used drugs, and is hence a potential target for development of new therapies. We have previously generated Affibody molecules that inhibit heregulin-induced signaling of the HER3 pathways. The aim of this study was to improve the affinity of the binders to hopefully increase receptor inhibition efficacy and enable a high receptor-mediated uptake in tumors. We explored a novel strategy for affinity maturation of Affibody molecules that is based on alanine scanning followed by design of library diversification to mimic the result from an error-prone PCR reaction, but with full control over mutated positions and thus less biases. Using bacterial surface display and flow-cytometric sorting of the maturation library, the affinity for HER3 was improved more than 30-fold down to 21 PM. The affinity is among the higher that has been reported for Affibody molecules and we believe that the maturation strategy should be generally applicable for improvement of affinity proteins. The new binders also demonstrated an improved thermal stability as well as complete refolding after denaturation. Moreover, inhibition of ligand-induced proliferation of HER3-positive breast cancer cells was improved more than two orders of magnitude compared to the previously best-performing clone. Radiolabeled Affibody molecules showed specific targeting of a number of HER3-positive cell lines in vitro as well as targeting of HER3 in in vivo mouse models and represent promising candidates for future development of targeted therapies and diagnostics.
|
|
| 9. |
- Malmberg, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative evaluation of synthetic anti-HER2 Affibody molecules site-specifically labelled with 111In using N-terminal DOTA, NOTA and NODAGA chelators in mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 39:3, s. 481-492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: In disseminated prostate cancer, expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is one of the pathways to androgen independence. Radionuclide molecular imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated prostate cancer might identify patients for HER2-targeted therapy. Affibody molecules are small (7 kDa) targeting proteins with high potential as tracers for radionuclide imaging. The goal of this study was to develop an optimal Affibody-based tracer for visualization of HER2 expression in prostate cancer. METHODS: A synthetic variant of the anti-HER2 Z(HER2:342) Affibody molecule, Z(HER2:S1), was N-terminally conjugated with the chelators DOTA, NOTA and NODAGA. The conjugated proteins were biophysically characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor analysis. After labelling with (111)In, the biodistribution was assessed in normal mice and the two most promising conjugates were further evaluated for tumour targeting in mice bearing DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. RESULTS: The HER2-binding equilibrium dissociation constants were 130, 140 and 90 pM for DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1), respectively. A comparative study of (111)In-labelled DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) in normal mice demonstrated a substantial influence of the chelators on the biodistribution properties of the conjugates. (111)In-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) had the most rapid clearance from blood and healthy tissues. (111)In-NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) showed high hepatic uptake and was excluded from further evaluation. (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and (111)In-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) demonstrated specific uptake in DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. The tumour uptake of (111)In-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1), 5.6 ± 0.4%ID/g, was significantly lower than the uptake of (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), 7.4 ± 0.5%ID/g, presumably because of lower bioavailability due to more rapid clearance. (111)In-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) provided higher tumour-to-blood ratio, but somewhat lower tumour-to-liver, tumour-to-spleen and tumour-to-bone ratios. CONCLUSION: Since distant prostate cancer metastases are situated in bone or bone marrow, the higher tumour-to-bone ratio is the most important. This renders (111)In-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1) a preferable agent for imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated prostate cancer.
|
|
| 10. |
- Malmberg, Jennie, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparative evaluation of synthetic anti-HER2 Affibody molecules site-specifically labelled with In-111 using N-terminal DOTA, NOTA and NODAGA chelators in mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 39:3, s. 481-492
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose In disseminated prostate cancer, expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) is one of the pathways to androgen independence. Radionuclide molecular imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated prostate cancer might identify patients for HER2-targeted therapy. Affibody molecules are small (7 kDa) targeting proteins with high potential as tracers for radionuclide imaging. The goal of this study was to develop an optimal Affibody-based tracer for visualization of HER2 expression in prostate cancer. Methods A synthetic variant of the anti-HER2 Z(HER2:342) Affibody molecule, Z(HER2:S1), was N-terminally conjugated with the chelators DOTA, NOTA and NODAGA. The conjugated proteins were biophysically characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (ESI-MS), circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor analysis. After labelling with In-111, the biodistribution was assessed in normal mice and the two most promising conjugates were further evaluated for tumour targeting in mice bearing DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts. Results The HER2-binding equilibrium dissociation constants were 130, 140 and 90 pM for DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1), respectively. A comparative study of In-111-labelled DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) in normal mice demonstrated a substantial influence of the chelators on the biodistribution properties of the conjugates. In-111-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) had the most rapid clearance from blood and healthy tissues. In-111-NOTA-Z(HER2:S1) showed high hepatic uptake and was excluded from further evaluation. In-111-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1) and In-111-NODAGAZHER2: S1 demonstrated specific uptake in DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. The tumour uptake of In-111-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1), 5.6 +/- 0.4% ID/g, was significantly lower than the uptake of In-111-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1), 7.4 +/- 0.5% ID/g, presumably because of lower bioavailability due to more rapid clearance. In-111-NODAGA-Z(HER2:S1) provided higher tumour-to-blood ratio, but somewhat lower tumour-to-liver, tumour-to-spleen and tumour-to-bone ratios. Conclusion Since distant prostate cancer metastases are situated in bone or bone marrow, the higher tumour-to-bone ratio is the most important. This renders In-111-DOTA-Z(HER2:S1) a preferable agent for imaging of HER2 expression in disseminated prostate cancer.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Mitran, Bogdan, et al.
(författare)
-
Bispecific GRPR-antagonistic anti-PSMA/GRPR heterodimer for PET and SPECT diagnostic imaging of prostate cancer
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 11:9
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simultaneous targeting of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) could improve the diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of this study was to develop a PSMA/GRPR-targeting bispecific heterodimer for SPECT and positron emission tomography (PET) diagnostic imaging of PCa. The heterodimer NOTA-DUPA-RM26 was produced by manual solid-phase peptide synthesis. NOTA-DUPA-RM26 was labeled with 111In and 68Ga, with yields >98%, and demonstrated a high stability and binding specificity to PSMA and GRPR. IC50 values for natIn-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 were 4 ± 1 nM towards GRPR and 824 ± 230 nM towards PSMA. An in vivo binding specificity 1 h pi of 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 in PC3-PIP-xenografted mice demonstrated partially blockable tumor uptake when co-injected with an excess of PSMA- or GRPR-targeting agents. Simultaneous co-injection of both agents induced pronounced blocking. The biodistribution of 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 and 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 revealed fast activity clearance from the blood and normal organs via the kidneys. Tumor uptake exceeded normal organ uptake for both analogs 1 h pi. 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 had a significantly lower tumor uptake (8 ± 2%ID/g) compared to 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 (12 ± 2%ID/g) 1 h pi. Tumor-to-organ ratios increased 3 h pi, but decreased 24 h pi, for 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26. MicroPET/CT and microSPECT/CT scans confirmed biodistribution data, suggesting that 68Ga-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 and 111In-NOTA-DUPA-RM26 are suitable candidates for the imaging of GRPR and PSMA expression in PCa shortly after administration.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Mitran, Bogdan, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection of optimal chelator improves the contrast of GRPR imaging using bombesin analogue RM26.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: International journal of oncology. - : Spandidos Publications. - 1791-2423 .- 1019-6439. ; 48:5, s. 2124-2134
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bombesin (BN) analogs bind with high affinity to gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPRs) that are up-regulated in prostate cancer and can be used for the visualization of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of radionuclide-chelator complexes on the biodistribution pattern of the 111In-labeled bombesin antagonist PEG2-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (PEG2-RM26) and to identify an optimal construct for SPECT imaging. A series of RM26 analogs N-terminally conjugated with NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA via a PEG2 spacer were radiolabeled with 111In and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. The conjugates were successfully labeled with 111In with 100% purity and retained binding specificity to GRPR and high stability. The cellular processing of all compounds was characterized by slow internalization. The IC50 values were in the low nanomolar range, with lower IC50 values for positively charged natIn-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 (2.6±0.1 nM) and higher values for negatively charged natIn-DOTAGA-PEG2-RM26 (4.8±0.5 nM). The kinetic binding studies showed KD values in the picomolar range that followed the same pattern as the IC50 data. The biodistribution of all compounds was studied in BALB/c nu/nu mice bearing PC-3 prostate cancer xenografts. Tumor targeting and biodistribution studies displayed rapid clearance of radioactivity from the blood and normal organs via kidney excretion. All conjugates showed similar uptake in tumors at 4 h p.i. The radioactivity accumulation in GRPR-expressing organs was significantly lower for DOTA- and DOTAGA-containing constructs compared to those containing NOTA and NODAGA. 111In-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 with a positively charged complex showed the highest initial uptake and the slowest clearance of radioactivity from the liver. At 4 h p.i., DOTA- and DOTAGA-coupled analogs showed significantly higher tumor-to-organ ratios compared to NOTA- and NODAGA-containing variants. The NODAGA conjugate demonstrated the best retention of radioactivity in tumors, and, at 24 h p.i., had the highest contrast to blood, muscle and bones.
|
|
| 16. |
- Orlova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
[99mTc(CO)3]+-(HE)3-Z IGF1R45514551 : a new Affibody conjugate for visualization of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor expression in malignant tumours.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 40:3, s. 439-449
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Radionuclide imaging of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression in tumours might be used for selection of patients who would benefit from IGF-1R-targeted therapy. We have previously shown the feasibility of IGF-1R imaging using the Affibody molecule (111)In-DOTA-His(6)-Z(IGF1R:4551). The use of (99m)Tc instead of (111)In should improve sensitivity and resolution of imaging, and reduce the dose burden to patients. We hypothesized that inclusion of a HEHEHE tag instead of a His(6) tag in Z(IGF1R:4551) would permit its convenient purification using IMAC, enable labelling with [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+), and improve its biodistribution. METHODS: Z(IGF1R:4551) was expressed with a HEHEHE tag in the N terminus. The resulting (HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) construct was labelled with [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+). Targeting of IGF-1R-expressing cells using [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: (HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) was stably labelled with (99m)Tc with preserved specific binding to IGF-1R-expressing DU-145 prostate cancer cells in vitro. In mice, [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) accumulated in IGF-1R-expressing organs (pancreas, stomach, lung and salivary gland). [(99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) demonstrated 3.6-fold lower accumulation in the liver and spleen than (111)In-DOTA-Z(IGF1R:4551). In NMRI nu/nu mice with DU-145 prostate cancer xenografts, the tumour uptake was 1.32 ± 0.11 %ID/g and the tumour-to-blood ratio was 4.4 ± 0.3 at 8 h after injection. The xenografts were visualized using a gamma camera 6 h after injection. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc(CO)(3)](+)-(HE)(3)-Z(IGF1R:4551) is a promising candidate for visualization of IGF-1R expression in malignant tumours.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Orlova, Anna, et al.
(författare)
-
Imaging of HER3-expressing xenografts in mice using a Tc-99m(CO)(3)-HEHEHE-Z(HER3:08699) affibody molecule
- 2014
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 41:7, s. 1450-1459
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human epidermal growth factor receptor type 3 (HER3) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the HER (ErbB) receptor family. Membranous expression of HER3 is associated with trastuzumab resistance in breast cancer and the transition to androgen independence in prostate cancer. Imaging of HER3 expression in malignant tumors may provide important diagnostic information that can influence patient management. Affibody molecules with low picomolar affinity to HER3 were recently selected. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of HER3 imaging using radiolabeled Affibody molecules. A HER3-binding Affibody molecule, Z(08699), with a HEHEHE-tag on N-terminus was labeled with Tc-99m(CO)(3) using an IsoLink kit. In vitro and in vivo binding specificity and the cellular processing of the labeled binder were evaluated. Biodistribution of Tc-99m(CO)(3)-HEHEHE-Z(08699) was studied over time in mice bearing HER3-expressing xenografts. HEHEHE-Z(08699) was labeled with Tc-99m(CO)(3) with an isolated yield of > 80 % and a purity of > 99 %. Binding of Tc-99m(CO)(3)-HEHEHE-Z(08699) was specific to BT474 and MCF7 (breast cancer), and LS174T (colon cancer) cells. Cellular processing showed rapid binding and relatively quick internalization of the receptor/Affibody molecule complex (70 % of cell-associated radioactivity was internalized after 24 h). The tumor targeting was receptor mediated and the excretion was predominantly renal. Receptor-mediated uptake was also found in the liver, lung, stomach, intestine, and salivary glands. At 4 h pi, tumor-to-blood ratios were 7 +/- 3 for BT474, and 6 +/- 2 for LS174T xenografts. LS174T tumors were visualized by microSPECT 4 h pi. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of HER3-imaging in malignant tumors using Affibody molecules.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Rosik, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Direct comparison of In-111-labelled two-helix and three-helix Affibody molecules for in vivo molecular imaging
- 2012
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1619-7070 .- 1619-7089. ; 39:4, s. 693-702
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiolabelled Affibody molecules have demonstrated a potential for visualization of tumour-associated molecular targets. Affibody molecules (7 kDa) are composed of three alpha-helices. Recently, a smaller two-helix variant of Affibody molecules (5.1 kDa) was developed. The aim of this study was to compare two- and three-helix HER2-targeting Affibody molecules directly in vivo. The three-helix Affibody molecule ABY-002 and the two-helix Affibody molecule PEP09239 were labelled with In-111 at the N-termini via DOTA chelator. Tumour-targeting properties were directly compared at 1 and 4 h after injection in mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts with high HER2 expression and LS174T xenografts with low HER2 expression. The dissociation constants (K (D)) for HER2 binding were 78 pM for the three-helix Affibody molecule and 2.1 nM for the two-helix Affibody molecule. In-111-PEP09239 cleared more rapidly from the blood. In xenografts with high HER2 expression, the uptake of In-111-ABY-002 was significantly higher than that of In-111-PEP09239. The tumour-to-blood ratio was higher for In-111-PEP09239 at 4 h after injection, while there was no significant difference in other tumour-to-organ ratios. The tumour uptake of In-111-ABY-002 was eightfold higher than that of In-111-PEP09239 in xenografts with low expression. Tumour-to-blood ratios were equal in this case, but other tumour-to-organ ratios were appreciably higher for the three-helix variant. For tumours with high HER2 expression, two-helix HER2-targeting Affibody molecules can provide higher tumour-to-blood ratio at the cost of lower tumour uptake. In the case of low expression, both tumour uptake and tumour-to-organ ratios are appreciably higher for three-helix than for two-helix HER2-targeting Affibody molecules.
|
|
| 23. |
|
|
| 24. |
- Strand, Joanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Gallium-68-Labeled Affibody Molecule for PET Imaging of PDGFRβ Expression in Vivo
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecular Pharmaceutics. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1543-8384 .- 1543-8392. ; 11:11, s. 3957-3964
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor involved, for example, in angiogenesis. Overexpression and excessive signaling of PDGFRβ has been observed in multiple malignant tumors and fibrotic diseases, making this receptor a pharmaceutical target for monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Successful targeted therapy requires identification of responding patients. Radionuclide molecular imaging would enable determination of the PDGFRβ status in all lesions using a single noninvasive repeatable procedure. Recently, we have demonstrated that the affibody molecule Z09591 labeled with 111In can specifically target PDGFRβ-expressing tumors in vivo. The use of positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging technique would provide superior resolution, sensitivity, and quantitation accuracy. In this study, a DOTA-conjugated Z09591 was labeled with the generator-produced positron emitting radionuclide 68Ga (T1/2 = 67.6 min, Eβ + max = 1899 keV, 89% β+). 68Ga-DOTA-Z09591 retained the capacity to specifically bind to PDGFRβ-expressing U-87 MG glioma cells. The half-maximum inhibition concentration (IC50) of 68Ga-DOTA-Z09591 (6.6 ± 1.4 nM) was somewhat higher than that of 111In-DOTA-Z09591 (1.4 ± 1.2 nM). 68Ga-DOTA-Z09591 demonstrated specific (saturable) targeting of U-87 MG xenografts in immunodeficient mice. The tumor uptake at 2 h after injection was 3.7 ± 1.7% IA/g, which provided a tumor-to-blood ratio of 8.0 ± 3.1. The only organ with higher accumulation of radioactivity was the kidney. MicroPET imaging provided high-contrast imaging of U-87 MG xenografts. In conclusion, the 68Ga-labeled affibody molecule Z09591 is a promising candidate for further development as a probe for imaging PDGFRβ expression in vivo using PET.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Tolmachev, Vladimir, et al.
(författare)
-
Imaging of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β expression in glioblastoma xenografts using affibody molecule 111In-DOTA-Z09591
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505 .- 1535-5667 .- 2159-662X. ; 55:2, s. 294-300
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overexpression and excessive signaling of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) has been detected in cancers, atherosclerosis, and a variety of fibrotic diseases. Radionuclide in vivo visualization of PDGFRβ expression might help to select PDGFRβ targeting treatment for these diseases. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of in vivo radionuclide imaging of PDGFRβ expression using an Affibody molecule, a small nonimmunoglobulin affinity protein.MethodsThe PDGFRβ-binding Z09591 Affibody molecule was site-specifically conjugated with a maleimido derivative of DOTA and labeled with 111In. Targeting of the PDGFRβ-expressing U-87 MG glioblastoma cell line using 111In-DOTA-Z09591 was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.ResultsDOTA-Z09591 was stably labeled with 111In with preserved specific binding to PDGFRβ-expressing cells in vitro. The dissociation constant for 111In-DOTA-Z09591 binding to U-87 MG cells was determined to be 92 ± 10 pM. In mice bearing U-87 MG xenografts, the tumor uptake of 111In-DOTA-Z09591 was 7.2 ± 2.4 percentage injected dose per gram and the tumor-to-blood ratio was 28 ± 14 at 2 h after injection. In vivo receptor saturation experiments demonstrated that targeting of U-87 MG xenografts in mice was PDGFRβ-specific. U-87 MG xenografts were clearly visualized using small-animal SPECT/CT at 3 h after injection.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of in vivo visualization of PDGFRβ-expressing xenografts using an Affibody molecule. Further development of radiolabeled Affibody molecules might provide a useful clinical imaging tool for PDGFRβ expression during various pathologic conditions.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, 1983-
(författare)
-
Bombesin Antagonists for Targeting Gastrin-Releasing Peptide Receptor-Positive Tumors : Design, Synthesis, Preclinical Evaluation and Optimization of Imaging Agents
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused on the development, preclinical evaluation, and optimization of radiotracers for the detection of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)-expressing tumors. The work is divided into three distinct parts: (1) the development of bombesin (BN) antagonist (RM26)-based imaging radiotracers for the detection of GRPR-expressing tumors using different positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclides (68Ga, 18F and 111In), (2) the establishment of a method to monitor the ligand-G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) interaction in real time without requiring purification and stabilization of the receptors, and (3) the evaluation of radiopeptide structure-related factors (length of mini-PEG linker and composition of chelator for metal labeling) affecting the in vitro and in vivo characteristics of RM26-based tracers.We demonstrated the possibility of high-contrast in vivo imaging of GRPR-expressing xenografts despite the physiological expression of GRPR in abdominal organs. Fast radioactivity clearance from the blood and healthy organs, including receptor-positive organs, and long retention in the tumors resulted in high tumor-to-background ratios. A novel real-time assay for measuring the kinetics of the radiotracers targeting GPCR was evaluated. Living cells were used instead of purified receptors in this technology, bringing the developmental work one step closer to the true target environment (imaging in living systems). The comparative study of 68Ga-labeled NOTA-PEGn-RM26 with di-, tri-, tetra- and hexaethylene glycol chains demonstrated that the addition of only a few units of ethylene glycol to the spacer is insufficient to appreciably affect the biodistribution of the radiopeptide. Finally, a comparative study of 68Ga-labeled PEG2-RM26 analogs N-terminally conjugated to NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA or DOTAGA highlighted the influence of the chelator on the targeting properties of the radiopeptide.The main conclusion that can be drawn from this thesis is that 68Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 has favorable biodistribution properties, such as rapid clearance from blood and tissues with physiological GRPR expression levels and long retention in GRPR-expressing tumors, and that this radiopeptide is potentially suitable for initial clinical investigation.
|
|
| 30. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
-
Comparing the measured affinity of (111) In-labeled ligands for cellular receptors by monitoring gamma, beta, or X-ray radiation with three different LigandTracer (R) devices
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0236-5731 .- 1588-2780. ; 304:2, s. 823-828
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- LigandTracer instruments measuring high energy photons (gamma-rays), particles (electrons and positrons) and low energy photons (X-rays) are novel semiautomated devices which produce real-time radiotracer-receptor interaction data for measurement of the affinity. The affinities of two different 111 In-labeled ligands were measured in three different LigandTracer devices detecting high energy gamma, Auger and internal conversion electrons, or X-rays. The obtained similar uptake/retention patterns (binding curves) show that even at low signal-to-noise ratios (data from Auger and internal conversion electrons, and X-rays), reliable binding data can be captured. This verifies that different devices could be used as alternatives for kinetic evaluation studies for radionuclides emitting different type of radiation.
|
|
| 31. |
|
|
| 32. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
-
In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of a F-18-Labeled High Affinity NOTA Conjugated Bombesin Antagonist as a PET Ligand for GRPR-Targeted Tumor Imaging
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:12, s. e81932-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Expression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in prostate cancer suggests that this receptor can be used as a potential molecular target to visualize and treat these tumors. We have previously investigated an antagonist analog of bombesin (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, RM26) conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N ''-triacetic acid (NOTA) via a diethylene glycol (PEG(2)) spacer (NOTA-P2-RM26) labeled with Ga-68 and In-111. We found that this conjugate has favorable properties for in vivo imaging of GRPR-expression. The focus of this study was to develop a F-18-labelled PET agent to visualize GRPR. NOTA-P2-RM26 was labeled with F-18 using aluminum-fluoride chelation. Stability, in vitro binding specificity and cellular processing tests were performed. The inhibition efficiency (IC50) of the [F-nat]AlF-NOTA-P2-RM26 was compared to that of the Ga-nat-loaded peptide using I-125-Tyr(4)-BBN as the displacement radioligand. The pharmacokinetics and in vivo binding specificity of the compound were studied. NOTA-P2-RM26 was labeled with F-18 within 1 h (60-65% decay corrected radiochemical yield, 55 GBq/mu mol). The radiopeptide was stable in murine serum and showed high specific binding to PC-3 cells. [F-nat]AlF-NOTA-P2-RM26 showed a low nanomolar inhibition efficiency (IC50=4.4 +/- 0.8 nM). The internalization rate of the tracer was low. Less than 14% of the cell-bound radioactivity was internalized after 4 h. The biodistribution of [F-18]AlF-NOTA-P2-RM26 demonstrated rapid blood clearance, low liver uptake and low kidney retention. The tumor uptake at 3 h p. i. was 5.5 +/- 0.7 % ID/g, and the tumor-to-blood, -muscle and -bone ratios were 87 +/- 42, 159 +/- 47, 38 +/- 16, respectively. The uptake in tumors, pancreas and other GRPR-expressing organs was significantly reduced when excess amount of non-labeled peptide was co-injected. The low uptake in bone suggests a high in vivo stability of the Al-F bond. High contrast PET image was obtained 3 h p. i. The initial biological results suggest that [F-18]AlF-NOTA-P2-RM26 is a promising candidate for PET imaging of GRPR in vivo.
|
|
| 33. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
-
Synthesis and Characterization of a High-Affinity NOTA-Conjugated Bombesin Antagonist for GRPR-Targeted Tumor Imaging
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 24:7, s. 1144-1153
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR/BB2) is a molecular target for the visualization of prostate cancer. This work focused on the development of high-affinity, hydrophilic, antagonistic, bombesin-based imaging agents for PET and SPECT. The bombesin antagonist analog D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 ([D-Phe(6),Sta(13),Leu(14)]-bombesin[6-14]) was synthesized and conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N ''-triacetic acid (NOTA) via a diethylene glycol (PEG(2)) linker. The resulting conjugate, NOTA-PEG(2)-[D-Phe(6),Sta(13),Leu(14)]bombesin[6-14] (NOTA-P2-RM26), was labeled with Ga-68 (T-1/2 = 68 min, positron emitter) and In-111 (T-1/2 = 2.8 days, gamma emitter). The labeling stability, specificity, inhibition efficiency (IC50), and dissociation constant (K-D) of both labeled compounds as well as their cellular retention and internalization were investigated. The pharmacokinetics of the dual isotope) (In-111/Ga-68)-labeled peptide in both normal NMRI mice and PC-3 tumor-bearing Balb/c nu/nu mice was also studied. NOTA-P2-RM26 was labeled with In-111 and Ga-68 at a radiochemical yield of >98%. Both conjugates were shown to have high specificity and binding affinity for GRPR. The K-D value was determined to be 23 +/- 13 pM for the In-111-labeled compound in a saturation binding experiment. In addition, In-nat- and Ga-nat-NOTA-P2-RM26 showed low nanomolar binding inhibition concentrations (IC50 = 1.24 +/- 0.29 nM and 0.91 +/- 0.19 nM, respectively) in a competitive binding assay. The internalization rate of the radiolabeled conjugates was slow. The radiometal-labeled tracers demonstrated rapid blood clearance via the kidney and GRPR-specific uptake in the pancreas in normal mice. Tumor targeting and biodistribution studies in mice bearing PC-3 xenografts displayed high and specific uptake in tumors (8.1 +/- 0.4%ID/g for Ga-68 and 5.7 +/- 0.3%ID/g for In-111) and high tumor-to-background ratios (tumor/blood: 12 +/- 1 for Ga-68 and 10 +/- 1 for In-111) after only 1 h pi of 45 pmol of peptide. The xenografts were visualized by gamma and microPET cameras shortly after injection. In conclusion, the antagonistic bombesin analog NOTA-PEG(2)-D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 (NOTA-P2-RM26) is a promisindg candidate for prostate cancer imaging using PET and SPECT/CT.
|
|
| 34. |
|
|
| 35. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
-
The effect of macrocyclic chelators on the targeting properties of the 68Ga-labeled gastrin releasing peptide receptor antagonist PEG2-RM26
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Nuclear Medicine and Biology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0969-8051 .- 1872-9614. ; 42:5, s. 446-454
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionOverexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptors (GRPR) has been reported in several cancers. Bombesin (BN) analogs are short peptides with a high affinity for GRPR. Different BN analogs were evaluated for radionuclide imaging and therapy of GRPR-expressing tumors. We have previously investigated an antagonistic analog of BN (D-Phe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2, RM26) conjugated to NOTA via a PEG2 spacer (NOTA-PEG2-RM26) labeled with 68Ga, 111In and Al18F. 68Ga-labeled NOTA-PEG2-RM26 showed high tumor-to-organ ratios.MethodsThe influence of different macrocyclic chelators (NOTA, NODAGA, DOTA and DOTAGA) on the targeting properties of 68Ga-labeled PEG2-RM26 was studied in vitro and in vivo.ResultsAll conjugates were labeled with generator-produced 68Ga with high yields and demonstrated high stability and specific binding to GRPR. The IC50 values of natGa-X-PEG2-RM26 (X = NOTA, DOTA, NODAGA, DOTAGA) were 2.3 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.3, 2.9 ± 0.3 and 10.0 ± 0.6 nM, respectively. The internalization of the conjugates by PC-3 cells was low. However, the DOTA-conjugated analog demonstrated a higher internalization rate compared to other analogs. GRPR-specific uptake was found in receptor-positive normal tissues and PC-3 xenografts for all conjugates. The biodistribution of the conjugates was influenced by the choice of the chelator moiety. Although all radiotracers cleared rapidly from the blood, [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 showed significantly lower uptake in lung, muscle and bone compared to the other analogs. The uptake in tumors (5.40 ± 1.04 %ID/g at 2 h p.i.) and the tumor-to-organ ratios (25 ± 3, 157 ± 23 and 39 ± 4 for blood, muscle and bone, respectively) were significantly higher for the NOTA-conjugate than the other analogs.ConclusionsChelators had a clear influence on the biodistribution and targeting properties of 68Ga-labeled antagonistic BN analogs. Positively charged [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-PEG2-RM26 provided a low kidney radioactivity uptake, high affinity, high tumor uptake and high image contrast.
|
|
| 36. |
- Varasteh, Zohreh, et al.
(författare)
-
The Effect of Mini-PEG-Based Spacer Length on Binding and Pharmacokinetic Properties of a Ga-68-Labeled NOTA-Conjugated Antagonistic Analog of Bombesin
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Molecules. - : MDPI AG. - 1431-5157 .- 1420-3049. ; 19:7, s. 10455-10472
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The overexpression of gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in cancer can be used for peptide-receptor mediated radionuclide imaging and therapy. We have previously shown that an antagonist analog of bombesin RM26 conjugated to 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N, N', N ''-triacetic acid (NOTA) via a diethyleneglycol (PEG(2)) spacer (NOTA-PEG(2)-RM26) and labeled with Ga-68 can be used for imaging of GRPR-expressing tumors. In this study, we evaluated if a variation of mini-PEG spacer length can be used for optimization of targeting properties of the NOTA-conjugated RM26. A series of analogs with different PEG-length (n = 2, 3, 4, 6) was synthesized, radiolabeled and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The IC50 values of Ga-nat-NOTA-PEG(n)-RM26 (n = 2, 3, 4, 6) were 3.1 +/- 0.2, 3.9 +/- 0.3, 5.4 +/- 0.4 and 5.8 +/- 0.3 nM, respectively. In normal mice all conjugates demonstrated similar biodistribution pattern, however Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26 showed lower liver uptake. Biodistribution of Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26 was evaluated in nude mice bearing PC-3 (prostate cancer) and BT-474 (breast cancer) xenografts. High uptake in tumors (4.6 +/- 0.6% ID/g and 2.8 +/- 0.4% ID/g for PC-3 and BT-474 xenografts, respectively) and high tumor-to-background ratios (tumor/ blood of 44 +/- 12 and 42 +/- 5 for PC-3 and BT-474 xenografts, respectively) were found already at 2 h p.i. of Ga-68-NOTA-PEG(3)-RM26. Results of this study suggest that variation in the length of the PEG spacer can be used for optimization of targeting properties of peptide-chelator conjugates. However, the influence of the mini-PEG length on biodistribution is minor when di-, tri-, tetra- and hexaethylene glycol are compared.
|
|
| 37. |
- Xu, Bo, et al.
(författare)
-
Detecting ligand interactions with G protein-coupled receptors in real-time on living cells
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications - BBRC. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-291X .- 1090-2104. ; 441:4, s. 820-824
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large group of receptors of great biological and clinical relevance. Despite this, the tools for a detailed analysis of ligand-GPCR interactions are limited. The aim of this paper was to demonstrate how ligand binding to GPCRs can be followed in real-time on living cells. This was conducted using two model systems, the radiolabeled porcine peptide YY (pPYY) interacting with transfected human Y2 receptor (hY2R) and the bombesin antagonist RM26 binding to the naturally expressed gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR). By following the interaction over time, the affinity and kinetic properties such as association and dissociation rate were obtained. Additionally, data were analyzed using the Interaction Map method, which can evaluate a real-time binding curve and present the number of parallel interactions contributing to the curve. It was found that pPYY binds very slowly with an estimated time to equilibrium of approximately 12 h. This may be problematic in standard end-point assays where equilibrium is required. The RM26 binding showed signs of heterogeneity, observed as two parallel interactions with unique kinetic properties. In conclusion, measuring binding in real-time using living cells opens up for a better understanding of ligand interactions with GPCRs.
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
