| 1. |
- Heldal, Rogardt, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability competencies and skills in software engineering: An industry perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - 0164-1212. ; 211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) demands a shift by industry, governments, society, and individuals to reach adequate levels of awareness and actions to address sustainability challenges. Software systems will play an important role in moving towards these targets. Sustainability skills are necessary to support the development of software systems and to provide sustainable IT-supported services for citizens. Gap: While there is a growing number of academic bodies including sustainability education in engineering and computer science curricula, there is not yet comprehensive research on the competencies and skills required by IT professionals to develop such systems. Research goal: This study aims to identify the industrial sustainability needs for education and training from software engineers’ perspective. For this, we answer the following questions: (1) what are the interests of organisations with an IT division with respect to sustainability? (2) what do organisations want to achieve with respect to sustainability, and how? and (3) what are the sustainability-related competencies and skills that organisations need to achieve their sustainability goals? Methodology: We conducted a qualitative study with interviews and focus groups with experts from twenty-eight organisations with an IT division from nine countries to understand their interests, goals, and achievements related to sustainability, and the skills and competencies needed to achieve their goals. Results: Our findings show that organisations are interested in sustainability, both idealistically and increasingly for core business reasons. They seek to improve the sustainability of software processes and products but encounter difficulties, like the trade-off between short-term financial profitability and long-term sustainability goals or an unclear understanding of sustainability concepts from a software engineering perspective. To fill these gaps, they have promoted in-house training courses, collaborated with universities, and sent employees to external training. The acquired competencies should support translating environmental and social benefits into economic ones and make sustainability an integral part of software development.
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| 2. |
- Kienzle, J., et al.
(författare)
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Toward model-driven sustainability evaluation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications of the ACM. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0001-0782 .- 1557-7317. ; 63:3, s. 80-91
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exploring the vision of a model-based framework that may enable broader engagement with and informed decision making about sustainability issues.
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| 3. |
- Betz, Stefanie, et al.
(författare)
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Lessons Learned from Developing a Sustainability Awareness Framework for Software Engineering Using Design Science
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology. - 1049-331X .- 1557-7392. ; 33:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To foster a sustainable society within a sustainable environment, we must dramatically reshape our work and consumption activities, most of which are facilitated through software. Yet, most software engineers hardly consider the effects on the sustainability of the IT products and services they deliver. This issue is exacerbated by a lack of methods and tools for this purpose. Despite the practical need for methods and tools that explicitly support consideration of the effects that IT products and services have on the sustainability of their intended environments, such methods and tools remain largely unavailable. Thus, urgent research is needed to understand how to design such tools for the IT community properly. In this article, we describe our experience using design science to create the Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF), which supports software engineers in anticipating and mitigating the potential sustainability effects during system development. More specifically, we identify and present the challenges faced during this process. The challenges that we have faced and addressed in the development of the SusAF are likely to be relevant to others who aim to create methods and tools to integrate sustainability analysis into their IT products and services development. Thus, the lessons learned in SusAF development are shared for the benefit of researchers and other professionals who design tools for that end.
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| 4. |
- Brooks, Ian, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Sustainability Impacts ofSystems: SuSAF andtheSDGs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Communications in Computer and Information Science. - 1865-0929 .- 1865-0937.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) identify key topics where action is required to transform our world towards sustainability. We call for the extensive integration of the SDGs into Software Engineering to support this transformation. This will require the creation of methods and tools for the analysis of software system impacts on the SDGs. To show how this integration might be achieved, we report on a mapping to the SDGs from an existing software sustainability assessment tool, the Sustainability Assessment Framework (SusAF). We find that there is a good mapping between SusAF and the SDGs but that mapping to some specific SDG targets may be dependant on the expertise of the analysts. Mapping of case study systems will be needed for empirical validation.
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| 5. |
- Chitchyan, Ruzanna, et al.
(författare)
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Preface Re4SuSy: 8th international workshop on requirements engineering for sustainable systems
- 2019
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - 1613-0073. ; 2541
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The RE4SuSy workshop series has established a strong and growing research community around the different aspects of sustainability and how to support them in requirements engineering. Since requirements define how and what a software will do, we maintain that requirements engineering is the key point in software engineering through which sustainability can be fostered. Thus, the RE4SuSy workshop series is concerned with research on techniques, tools, and processes for sustainability through requirements engineering. Last year the workshop spanned a series of application domains and the discussion centered on the challenge of growing the research community and the potential steps required to achieve growth. Two main factors identified were the potential connection to empirical investigations on scientific software and the more systematic integration into computer science and software engineering education. This edition of the RE4SuSy workshop will build on the discussions from last year, and explore further application domains as well as the local perceptions of sustainability in the hosting country. Furthermore, we will pick up the conference theme and explore tackling sustainability challenges through collective intelligence. RE4SuSy is an interactive workshop: the contributors and prospective participants engage well before the workshop date through on-line collaborative writing, discussion, and peer feedback. We foster community growth by supporting new collaborations, holding preliminary case studies, discussions, and birds-of-a-feather group work.
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| 6. |
- Duboc, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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Do we really know what we are building? Raising awareness of potential sustainability effects of software systems in requirements engineering
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. ; 2019-September, s. 6-16
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrating novel software systems in our society, economy, and environment can have far-reaching effects. As a result, software systems should be designed in such a way as to maintain or improve the sustainability of the socio-technical system of their destination. However, a paradigm shift is required to raise awareness of software professionals on the potential sustainability effects of software systems. While Requirements Engineering is considered the key to driving this change, requirements engineers lack the knowledge, experience and methodological support for doing so. This paper presents a question-based framework for raising awareness of the potential effects of software systems on sustainability, as the first step towards enabling the required paradigm shift. A feasibility study of the framework was carried out with two groups of computer science students. The results of the study indicate that the framework helps enable discussions about potential effects that software systems could have on sustainability.
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| 7. |
- Duboc, Leticia, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements engineering for sustainability: an awareness framework for designing software systems for a better tomorrow
- 2020
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Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 25:4, s. 469-492
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Integrating novel software systems in our society, economy and environment can have far-reaching effects. As a result, software systems should be designed in such a way as to maintain or improve the sustainability of their intended socio-technical systems. However, a paradigm shift is required to raise awareness of software professionals on the potential sustainability effects of software systems. While Requirements Engineering is considered the key for driving this change, requirements engineers lack the knowledge, experience and methodological support for acting as facilitators for a broader discussion on sustainability effects. This paper presents a question-based framework for raising awareness of the potential effects of software systems on sustainability, as the first step towards enabling the required paradigm shift. An evaluation study of the framework was conducted with four groups of computer science students. The results of the study indicate that the framework is applicable to different types of systems and helps to facilitate discussions about the potential effects that software systems could have on sustainability.
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| 8. |
- Eriksson, Elina, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Preface of the 5th International Workshop on ICT4S Education
- 2023
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Ingår i: ICT4S-JP 2023 - Joint Proceedings of ICT4S 2023 Doctoral Symposium, Demonstrations and Posters Track and Workshops, co-located with 9th International Conference on Information and Communications Technology for Sustainability, ICT4S 2023. - : CEUR-WS. ; 3562, s. 103-104
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- ICT4S as an umbrella concept encompasses several disciplines and areas related to sustainability and ICT, and it can be difficult for an educator to have an overview of all areas and research fronts where interesting, engaging and transformative research is taking place. We provide such a space.
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| 9. |
- Fagerholm, Fabian, et al.
(författare)
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Temporal Discounting in Software Engineering : A Replication Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781728129686
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Many decisions made in Software Engineering practices are intertemporal choices: trade-offs in time between closer options with potential short-term benefit and future options with potential long-term benefit. However, how software professionals make intertemporal decisions is not well understood. Aim: This paper investigates how shifting time frames influence preferences in software projects in relation to purposefully selected background factors. Method: We investigate temporal discounting by replicating a questionnaire-based observational study. The replication uses a changed-population and -experimenter design to increase the internal and external validity of the original results. Results: The results of this study confirm the occurrence of temporal discounting in samples of both professional and student participants from different countries and demonstrate strong variance in discounting between study participants. We found that professional experience influenced discounting. Participants with broader professional experience exhibited less discounting than those with narrower experience. Conclusions: The results provide strong empirical support for the relevance and importance of temporal discounting in SE and the urgency of targeted interdisciplinary research to explore the underlying mechanisms and their theoretical and practical implications. The results suggest that technical debt management could be improved by increasing the breadth of experience available for critical decisions with long-term impact. In addition, the present study provides a methodological basis for replicating temporal discounting studies in software engineering. © 2019 IEEE.
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| 10. |
- Mavin, Alistair, et al.
(författare)
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Towards an Ontology of Requirements Engineering Approaches
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. - 9781728139128 ; 2019-September
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements are a key factor in determining the success or failure of the system development process. Requirements engineering is a creative problem-solving process whose primary purpose is to enable researchers and practitioners to apply appropriate theories, models, techniques and tools to understand and support the requirements processes more effectively. However, there is a multitude of ways to conduct the requirements engineering process and the quality of the requirements can be greatly influenced by the approaches employed. While consensus exists that no one approach works in all situations, how do practitioners and researchers select the most relevant and appropriate approach(es)? In order to understand this, we argue that a community-based effort is required to organise the plethora of requirements engineering approaches into an ontology. Such a structure would provide an opportunity to identify gaps and to improve the interfaces between approaches. Crowdsourcing the development and validation of such an ontology would facilitate its application across different system types and application domains.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Penzenstadler, Birgit, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Vision Paper: The Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF) as a De-Facto Standard?
- 2023
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - 1613-0073. ; 3378
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- For many practitioners, considering sustainability during a software development project is a challenge. The Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF) is a tool for thinking through short, medium- and long-term impacts of socio-technical systems on its surrounding environment. While SusAF has been used by several companies, is not widely adopted in industry yet. In this Vision Paper, we discuss the options for extending the reach of SusAF and what it would take to evolve SusAF into a (de-facto) standard.
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| 13. |
- Peters, Anne-Kathrin, Dr. 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Sustainability in Computing Education: A Systematic Literature Review
- 2024
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computing Education. - : ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY. - 1946-6226. ; 24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research shows that the global society as organized today, with our current technological and economic system, is impossible to sustain. We are living in an era in which human activities in highly industrialized countries are responsible for overshooting several planetary boundaries, with poorer communities contributing the least to the problems but being impacted the most. At the same time, technical and economic gains fail to provide society at large with equal opportunities and improved quality of life. This article describes approaches taken in computing education to address the issue of sustainability. It presents results of a systematic review of the literature on sustainability in computing education. From a set of 572 publications extracted from six large digital libraries plus snowballing, we distilled and analyzed 89 relevant primary studies. Using an inductive and deductive thematic analysis, we study (i) conceptions of sustainability, computing, and education; (ii) implementations of sustainability in computing education; and (iii) research on sustainability in computing education. We present a framework capturing learning objectives and outcomes as well as pedagogical methods for sustainability in computing education. These results can be mapped to existing standards and curricula in future work. We find that only a few of the articles engage with the challenges as calling for drastic systemic change, along with radically new understandings of computing and education. We suggest that future work should connect to the substantial body of critical theory, such as feminist theories of science and technology. Existing research on sustainability in computing education may be considered rather immature, as the majority of articles are experience reports with limited empirical research.
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| 14. |
- Porras, Jari, et al.
(författare)
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How Could We Have Known? Anticipating Sustainability Effects of a Software Product
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 1865-1356 .- 1865-1348. ; 434 LNBIP, s. 10-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Companies are required to think of ways to address their sustainability responsibilities and impacts. Although they commonly present some of their activities and impacts at a high-level of abstraction in their sustainability strategies, the impacts of their products and services may remain unclear in such reporting. This is partly due to the lack of suitable tools to increase their awareness regarding the potential effects of these products and services on different sustainability dimensions. Using a case study, this paper shows how the Sustainability Awareness Framework (SusAF) can be applied to identify such potential effects of an IT company’s (software) product and how such identified effects could be linked to the company focus.
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| 15. |
- Venters, Colin C., et al.
(författare)
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Characterising sustainability requirements : A new species, red herring, or just an odd fish?
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE/ACM 39th International Conference on Software Engineering. - 9781538626733 - 9781538626740 ; , s. 3-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements articulating the needs of stakeholders are critical to successful system development and key to influencing their long-term effects. As the concept of sustainability has entered the discourse of a number of software-related computing fields, so has the term 'sustainability requirement'. However, it is unclear whether sustainability requirements areand should be different from how we already understand softwarerequirements. This paper presents the results of a corpus assisted discourse analysis study that explored the concept of sustainability requirements in order to understand how the term is being used in software and requirements engineeringand related fields. The results of this study reveal that theterm 'sustainability requirement' is generally used ambiguously and reveals significant segmentation across different fields. Ourdetailed analysis of selected influential papers highlights the segmented use of the term and suggests key focus questions that need to be addressed to establish a shared operative understanding of the term.
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| 16. |
- Venters, Colin C., et al.
(författare)
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Mind the Gap : Bridging the Sustainable Software Systems Research Divide
- 2015
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Ingår i: Workshop on Sustainable HCI in the UK UK-SHCI.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sustainability is a major concern to humanity as a result of the consequences of the rapid consumption of the planets finite natural resources, combined with exponential economic and population growth. Principally associated with the field of ecology, sustainability has emerged as an important area of research in a number of sub-fields within the domain of computing including human-computer interaction. While these communities have attempted to address the challenges of sustainability from their different perspectives, there is a severe lack of common understanding of the fundamental concepts of sustainability and how they relate to software systems. As a result, there is a need for a common ground and consistent terminology to reduce the replication of effort. This paper presents the Karlskrona Manifesto for Sustainabilty Design as a mechanism for initiating a conversation between the different communities in addressing the challenges of developing sustainable software systems.
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| 17. |
- Venters, Colin C., et al.
(författare)
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Software Sustainability: Beyond the Tower of Babel
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2021 IEEE/ACM International Workshop on Body of Knowledge for Software Sustainability, BoKSS 2021. ; , s. 3-4
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Venters, Colin C., et al.
(författare)
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Sustainable software engineering: Reflections on advances in research and practice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - 0950-5849. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Modern societies are highly dependent on complex, large-scale, software-intensive systems that increasingly operate within an environment of continuous availability, which are challenging to maintain, and evolve in response to changes in stakeholder requirements of the system. Software architectures are the foundation of any software system and provide a mechanism for reasoning about core software quality requirements. Their sustainability – the capacity to endure in changing environments – is a critical concern for software architecture research and practice. Objective: The objective of the paper is to re-examine our previous assumptions and arguments in light of advances in the field. This reflection paper provides an opportunity to obtain new insights into the trends in software sustainability in both academia and industry, from a software architecture perspective specifically and software engineering more broadly. Given advances in research in the field, the increasing introduction of academic courses on different sustainability topics, and the engagement of companies to cope with sustainability goals, we reflect on advances and maturity about the role sustainability in general plays in today's society. More specifically, we revisit the trends, open issues and research challenges identified five years ago in our previous paper on software sustainability research and practice from a software architecture viewpoint, which aimed to provide a foundation and roadmap of emerging research themes in the area of sustainable software architectures in order to consider how this paper influenced and motivated research in the intervening years. Method: The forward snowballing method was used to establish the methodological basis for our reflection on the state of the art. A total of 234 studies were identified between April 2018 and June 2023 and 102 studies were found to be relevant according to the selection criteria. A further subset was mapped to the primary themes of the original paper including definitions and concepts, reference architectures, measures and metrics, and education. Vision: The vision of this reflection paper is to provide a new foundation and road map of emerging research themes in the area of sustainable software engineering highlighting recent trends, and open issues and research challenges.
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