| 1. |
- Glasbey, JC, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bravo, L, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 4. |
- Tabiri, S, et al.
(författare)
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- 2021
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swepub:Mat__t
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| 20. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 20:10, s. 795-820
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings In 2019, there were 12.2 million (95% UI 11.0-13.6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93.2-111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133-153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6.55 million (6.00-7.02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11.6% [10.8-12.2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5.7% [5.1-6.2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70.0% (67.0-73.0), prevalent strokes increased by 85.0% (83.0-88.0), deaths from stroke increased by 43.0% (31.0-55.0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32.0% (22.0-42.0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17.0% (15.0-18.0), mortality decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0), prevalence decreased by 6.0% (5.0-7.0), and DALYs decreased by 36.0% (31.0-42.0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22.0% (21.0-24.0) and incidence rates increased by 15.0% (12.0-18.0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3.6 (3.5-3.8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3.7 (3.5-3.9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62.4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7.63 million [6.57-8.96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27.9% (3.41 million [2.97-3.91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9.7% (1.18 million [1.01-1.39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79.6 million [67.7-90.8] DALYs or 55.5% [48.2-62.0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34.9 million [22.3-48.6] DALYs or 24.3% [15.7-33.2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28.9 million [19.8-41.5] DALYs or 20.2% [13.8-29.1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28.7 million [23.4-33.4] DALYs or 20.1% [16.6-23.0]), and smoking (25.3 million [22.6-28.2] DALYs or 17.6% [16.4-19.0]). Interpretation The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Raudsepp-Hearne, C., et al.
(författare)
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Seeds of good anthropocenes : developing sustainability scenarios for Northern Europe
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 15:2, s. 605-617
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scenario development helps people think about a broad variety of possible futures; however, the global environmental change community has thus far developed few positive scenarios for the future of the planet and humanity. Those that have been developed tend to focus on the role of a few common, large-scale external drivers, such as technology or environmental policy, even though pathways of positive change are often driven by surprising or bottom-up initiatives that most scenarios assume are unchanging. We describe an approach, pioneered in Southern Africa and tested here in a new context in Northern Europe, to developing scenarios using existing bottom-up transformative initiatives to examine plausible transitions towards positive, sustainable futures. By starting from existing, but marginal initiatives, as well as current trends, we were able to identify system characteristics that may play a key role in sustainability transitions (e.g., gender issues, inequity, governance, behavioral change) that are currently under-explored in global environmental scenarios. We suggest that this approach could be applied in other places to experiment further with the methodology and its potential applications, and to explore what transitions to desirables futures might be like in different places.
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| 23. |
- Bennett, Elena M., et al.
(författare)
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Bright spots : seeds of a good Anthropocene
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. - : Wiley. - 1540-9295 .- 1540-9309. ; 14:8, s. 441-448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The scale, rate, and intensity of humans' environmental impact has engendered broad discussion about how to find plausible pathways of development that hold the most promise for fostering a better future in the Anthropocene. However, the dominance of dystopian visions of irreversible environmental degradation and societal collapse, along with overly optimistic utopias and business-as-usual scenarios that lack insight and innovation, frustrate progress. Here, we present a novel approach to thinking about the future that builds on experiences drawn from a diversity of practices, worldviews, values, and regions that could accelerate the adoption of pathways to transformative change (change that goes beyond incremental improvements). Using an analysis of 100 initiatives, or seeds of a good Anthropocene, we find that emphasizing hopeful elements of existing practice offers the opportunity to: (1) understand the values and features that constitute a good Anthropocene, (2) determine the processes that lead to the emergence and growth of initiatives that fundamentally change human-environmental relationships, and (3) generate creative, bottom-up scenarios that feature well-articulated pathways toward a more positive future.
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| 24. |
- Fisher, C.M., et al.
(författare)
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Combining Nd isotopes in monazite and Hf isotopes in zircon to understand complex open-system processes in granitic magmas.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geology. ; 45, s. 267-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mapping the age and trace element and Sm-Nd isotope compositions of monazite grains from a peraluminous Cretaceous granite using laser ablation–split stream analysis reveals a wide range in Nd isotope and rare earth element (REE) compositions within and between single grains. These data corroborate isotopic variability indicated by Hf isotope analysis of zircon in the same granite sample. The REE variations indicate that monazite grew during fractional crystallization. Hf and Nd isotopes indicate that the granitic magma was generated from at least two distinct Proterozoic sources of approximately the same age: one component that had highly radiogenic initial 176Hf/177Hf and 143Nd/144Nd and a second component that was notably less radiogenic. This study highlights the utility of in situ REE and Sm-Nd isotope data in monazite in magmatic systems. Further, it refines the zircon-based constraints on magmatic processes because of sensitivity of light REEs to fractional crystallization, lower probability of complications owing to inheritance, and smaller analytical volumes required.
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| 25. |
- Hacker, B. R., et al.
(författare)
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Thermochronology of the Talkeetna intraoceanic arc of Alaska: Ar/Ar, U-Th/He, Sm-Nd, and Lu-Hf dating
- 2011
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Ingår i: Tectonics. - 0278-7407. ; 30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As one of two well-exposed intraoceanic arcs, the Talkeetna arc of Alaska affords an opportunity to understand processes deep within arcs. This study reports new Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd garnet ages, Ar-40/Ar-39 hornblende, mica and whole-rock ages, and U-Th/He zircon and apatite ages from the Chugach Mountains, Talkeetna Mountains, and Alaska Peninsula, which, in conjunction with existing geochronology, constrain the thermal history of the arc. Zircon U-Pb ages establish the main period of arc magmatism as 202-181 Ma in the Chugach Mountains and 183-153 Ma in the eastern Talkeetna Mountains and Alaska Peninsula. Approximately 184 Ma Lu-Hf and similar to 182 Ma Sm-Nd garnet ages indicate that 25-35 km deep sections of the arc remained above similar to 700 degrees C for as much as 15 Myr. The Ar-40/Ar-39 hornblende ages are chiefly 194-170 Ma in the Chugach Mountains and 175-150 Ma in the Talkeetna Mountains and Alaska Peninsula but differ from zircon U-Pb ages in the same samples by as little as 0 Myr and as much as 33 Myr, documenting a spatially variable thermal history. Mica ages have a broader distribution, from similar to 180 Ma to 130 Ma, suggesting local cooling and/or reheating. The oldest U-Th/He zircon ages are similar to 137 to 129 Ma, indicating no Cenozoic regional heating above similar to 180 degrees C. Although the signal is likely complicated by Cretaceous and Oligocene postarc magmatism, the aggregate thermochronology record indicates that the thermal history of the Talkeetna arc was spatially variable. One-dimensional finite difference thermal models show that this kind of spatial variability is inherent to intraoceanic arcs with simple construction histories. Citation: Hacker, B. R., P. B. Kelemen, M. Rioux, M. O. McWilliams, P. B. Gans, P. W. Reiners, P. W. Layer, U. Soderlund, and J. D. Vervoort (2011), Thermochronology of the Talkeetna intraoceanic arc of Alaska: Ar/Ar, U-Th/He, Sm-Nd, and Lu-Hf dating, Tectonics, 30, TC1011, doi:10.1029/2010TC002798.
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| 26. |
- Kemp, Anthony I.S., et al.
(författare)
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A linked evolution for granite-greenstone terranes of the Pilbara Craton from Nd and Hf isotopes, with implications for Archean continental growth
- 2023
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Ingår i: Earth and Planetary Science Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 0012-821X .- 1385-013X. ; 601, s. 117895-117895
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In felsic igneous rocks, the parent and daughter elements in the widely used Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf isotope tracer systems are mainly hosted in accessory phases. Recrystallisation and/or breakdown of these minerals during metamorphism, deformation and weathering potentially compromises the chemical and isotopic composition of the respective whole rocks, impeding the utility of such information for deducing the timing, rates and processes of crust-mantle differentiation in the early Earth. The different abilities of zircon and REE-rich minerals to withstand metamorphism have been suggested as a reason for the decoupling of the Lu–Hf and Sm–Nd isotope systems observed in a number of ancient gneiss terranes. The controls on element mobility and subsequent isotopic disturbance during recrystallisation and breakdown of LREE-rich accessory minerals are, however incompletely understood. Here, we use petrography, element mapping, and microanalysis of accessory minerals, in tandem with whole rock Sm–Nd data, to assess the reliability of the Sm–Nd system in the 3.59–3.58 Ga Mount Webber Gabbros, the oldest rocks in the Pilbara Craton (Western Australia). We show that despite multiple thermal events, which reset the mineral Sm–Nd systematics, and decomposition of the REE-rich mineral allanite, the Mount Webber rocks retained the Sm–Nd isotope signatures of their magmatic protoliths at the whole-rock scale. We show that the allanite breakdown occurred during modern, near-surface weathering processes at low temperature, such that the REE were sequestered into secondary minerals rather than escaping in higher temperature metamorphic fluids. The whole rock Sm–Nd, and zircon O–Hf signatures, together with new 142Nd isotope data, suggest derivation of the Mount Webber rocks from undifferentiated mantle sources that preserve no evidence for Hadean silicate Earth differentiation. This study highlights the benefits of a combined analytical approach using both in-situ and whole-rock isotope analyses to obtain a more complete record of the source and thermal evolution of ancient, highly metamorphosed igneous rocks.
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| 27. |
- Kemp, Anthony I.S., et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering the zircon Hf isotope systematics of Eoarchean gneisses from Greenland : Implications for ancient crust-mantle differentiation and Pb isotope controversies
- 2019
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Ingår i: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. - 0016-7037 .- 1872-9533. ; 250, s. 76-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a Hf isotope investigation of zircons from four Eoarchaean orthogneisses from the Godthåbsfjord region of southern West Greenland by laser ablation MC-ICPMS, to elucidate crust-mantle differentiation processes in the early Earth. Zircon crystals of all samples record a complex, multi-stage growth and disturbance history, and these discrete growth phases also exhibit disparate Lu-Hf isotope systematics. The oldest (3.84–3.82 Ga) zircon cores have tightly clustered 176Hf/177Hf ratios that are consistent with derivation of their tonalitic precursors from chondritic mantle at this time, with no evidence of input from older crustal or depleted mantle sources. Younger (3.67–3.62 Ga) zircon overgrowths have subchondritic Hf and plausibly grew from small fraction partial melts of the tonalitic host, involving variable dissolution of the older zircon cores. The Neoarchean (ca. 2.7 Ga) zircon component in some samples extends to significantly higher 176Hf/177Hf than the >3.65 Ga zircon, a feature that is interpreted to reflect addition of radiogenic Hf from the rock matrix during metamorphic zircon growth and recrystallisation at 2.7 Ga. The strongly positive εHf (3.82 Ga) values obtained by dissolution of GGU110999 zircons are interpreted to be an artifact of calculating εHf values at ages that are too old, and also from the inclusion of radiogenic younger domains in the analysed multi-grain fractions, rather than to a contribution from depleted Eoarchean mantle. Such data – from zircon grains with multiple age and isotopic components – should not be used to define the evolution of crust-mantle reservoirs. A re-interpretation of the existing Pb isotope data, incorporating the new Hf isotope constraints, posits that the protoliths to the Godthåbsfjörd gneisses were influenced by radiogenic Pb introduced as a fluid mobile component during recycling of a high-μ stagnant basaltic lid at ≥3.8 Ga. The destruction of this mafic protocrust, with attendant fluid release into chondritic mantle, may have been instrumental for the generation of stable Eoarchean tonalitic crust from ca. 3.8 Ga.
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| 28. |
- Ndubuisil, MacKevin I, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of a Novel Mammalian Phosphatase Having Sequence Similarity to Schizosaccharomyces pombe PHO2 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae PHO13
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 41:24, s. 7841-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- p34, a specific p-nitrophenyl phosphatase (pNPPase) was identified and purified from the murine cell line EL4 in a screen for the intracellular molecular targets of the antiinflammatory natural product parthenolide. A BLAST search analysis revealed that it has a high degree of sequence similarity to two yeast alkaline phosphatases. We have cloned, sequenced, and expressed p34 as a GST-tagged fusion protein in Escherichia coli and an EE-epitope-tagged fusion protein in mammalian cells. Using p-nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) as a substrate, p34 is optimally active at pH 7.6 with a Km of 1.36 mM and Kcat of 0.052 min-1. Addition of 1 mM Mg2+ to the reaction mixture increases its activity by 14-fold. Other divalent metal ions such as Co2+ and Mn2+ also stimulated the activity of the enzyme, while Zn2+, Fe2+, and Cu2+ had no effect. Furthermore, both NaCl and KCl enhanced the activity of the enzyme, having maximal effect at 50 and 75 mM, respectively. The enzyme is inhibited by sodium orthovanadate but not by sodium fluoride or okadaic acid. Mutational analysis data suggest that p34 belongs to the group of phosphatases characterized by the sequence motif DXDX(T/V).
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| 29. |
- O’Brien, Timothy M., et al.
(författare)
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Provenance, U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology, Hf isotopic analyses, and Cr-spinel geochemistry of the northeast Yukon-Koyukuk Basin : Implications for interior basin development and sedimentation in Alaska
- 2018
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Ingår i: Geological Society of America Bulletin. - 0016-7606 .- 1943-2674. ; 130:5-6, s. 825-847
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yukon-Koyukuk Basin is a large depression that covers ∼118,000 km2 in western interior Alaska and is divided into two subbasins by a volcanic arc assemblage. Interpretations of the depositional setting of the northern Kobuk Koyukuk subbasin vary from a syncollisional forearc basin to a postorogenic successor basin formed by lithospheric extension. New results from sandstones and conglomerates collected from the Kobuk Koyukuk subbasin provide evidence for the timing of basin development, insight into the provenance of coarse siliciclastic sediments, and understanding of the nature of Cretaceous paleogeography and paleodrainage of Arctic Alaska.Early sedimentary rocks of the Kobuk Koyukuk subbasin contain abundant mafic to ultramafic volcanic and plutonic lithic fragments and mafic heavy minerals (e.g., spinel, clinopyroxene, and amphibole). They also contain abundant Middle Triassic to early Late Jurassic zircons (240−160 Ma; peak maximum ca. 200 Ma) that yield highly juvenile Hf isotopic compositions. Geochemistry of chromium spinels (Cr# = 0.17−0.86) suggests crystallization in an immature arc setting that likely developed over mid-ocean-ridge basalt−type crust. These early sediments originated from the mafic and ultramafic rocks of the Angayucham terrane, which was once much more extensive. These results suggest that the Angayucham terrane consists of an obducted Middle Triassic to early Late Jurassic oceanic arc complex that was coeval with oceanic- to continental-margin mafic arc magmatism in the Canadian Cordillera.Our generalized stratigraphy, along with U-Pb ages and Lu-Hf isotope analyses of zircons from sedimentary rocks of the Kobuk Koyukuk subbasin, reflects the tectonic and/or erosional unroofing of the adjacent southern Brooks Range and Ruby terrane. U-Pb ages of detrital zircons collected from the stratigraphically lowest mafic- to ultramafic-rich strata yield maximum depositional ages (107 Ma) that reflect initial erosion of the structurally highest Angayucham terrane and initiation of basin formation and deposition in the late Early Cretaceous. Continued uplift and erosion exposed structurally deeper metamorphic rocks, as revealed by incorporation of low-grade phyllites and eventually higher-grade metamorphic schistose lithic detritus and intermediate-composition (e.g., biotite) to metamorphic (e.g., chloritoid and xenotime) heavy mineral suites into the basin sediments. Differences in detrital zircon signatures between similar-age strata in the Colville foreland basin to the north of the Brooks Range and the Kobuk Koyukuk subbasin indicate that the sediments within the two basins were derived from two different sources, and the Brooks Range orogen acted as a drainage divide during late Early Cretaceous deposition.
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| 30. |
- Pereira, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Advancing a toolkit of diverse futures approaches for global environmental assessments
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ecosystems and People. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2639-5908 .- 2639-5916. ; 17:1, s. 191-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global Environmental Assessments (GEAs) are in a unique position to influence environmental decision-making in the context of sustainability challenges. To do this effectively, however, new methods are needed to respond to the needs of decision-makers for a more integrated, contextualized and goal-seeking evaluation of different policies, geared for action from global to local. While scenarios are an important tool for GEAs to link short-term decisions and medium and long-term consequences, these current information needs cannot be met only through deductive approaches focused on the global level. In this paper, we argue that a more diverse set of futures tools operating at multiple scales are needed to improve GEA scenario development and analysis to meet the information needs of policymakers and other stakeholders better. Based on the literature, we highlight four challenges that GEAs need to be able to address in order to contribute to global environmental decision-making about the future: 1. anticipate unpredictable future conditions; 2. be relevant at multiple scales, 3. include diverse actors, perspectives and contexts; and 4. leverage the imagination to inspire action. We present a toolbox of future-oriented approaches and methods that can be used to effectively address the four challenges currently faced by GEAs.
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| 31. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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The genome of the model beetle and pest Tribolium castaneum.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nature. - 1476-4687. ; 452:7190, s. 949-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tribolium castaneum is a representative of earth’s most numerous eukaryotic order, a powerful model organism for the study of generalized insect development, and also an important pest of stored agricultural products. We describe its genome sequence here. This omnivorous beetle has evolved an ability to interact with a diverse chemical environment as evidenced by large expansions in odorant and gustatory receptors, as well as p450 and other detoxification enzymes. Developmental patterns in Tribolium are more representative of other arthropods than those found in Drosophila, a fact represented in gene content and function. For one, Tribolium has retained more ancestral genes involved in cell-cell communication than Drosophila, and some are expressed in the growth zone crucial for axial elongation in short germ development. Systemic RNAi in T. castaneum appears to use mechanisms distinct from those found in C. elegans, but nevertheless offers similar power for the elucidation of gene function and identification of targets for selective insect control.
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| 32. |
- Roura-Pascual, Núria, et al.
(författare)
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Alternative futures for global biological invasions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 16:5, s. 1637-1650
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scenario analysis has emerged as a key tool to analyze complex and uncertain future socio-ecological developments. However, currently existing global scenarios (narratives of how the world may develop) have neglected biological invasions, a major threat to biodiversity and the economy. Here, we use a novel participatory process to develop a diverse set of global biological invasion scenarios spanning a wide range of plausible global futures through to 2050. We adapted the widely used two axes scenario analysis approach to develop four families of four scenarios each, resulting in 16 scenarios that were later clustered into four contrasting sets of futures. Our analysis highlights that socioeconomic developments and technological innovation have the potential to shape biological invasions, in addition to well-known drivers, such as climate and human land use change and global trade. Our scenarios partially align with the shared socioeconomic pathways created by the climate change research community. Several factors that drive differences in biological invasions were underrepresented in the shared socioeconomic pathways; in particular, the implementation of biosecurity policies. We argue that including factors related to public environmental awareness and technological and trade development in global scenarios and models is essential to adequately consider biological invasions in global environmental assessments and thereby obtain a more integrative picture of future social-ecological developments.
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| 33. |
- Schaltegger, U, et al.
(författare)
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Zircon Petrochronology and 40Ar/39Ar Thermochronology of the Adamello Intrusive Suite, N. Italy : Monitoring the Growth and Decay of an Incrementally Assembled Magmatic System
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Petrology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0022-3530 .- 1460-2415. ; 60:4, s. 701-722
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Adamello intrusive suite is a composite batholith in Northern Italy, with an estimated 2000 km3 volume, assembled incrementally over a time span of 10 to 12 million years. The history of crystallization has been studied in detail through laser ablation ICP-MS and SIMS U–Pb geochronology of zircon, which records prolonged crystallization of each of the different intrusive units at mid-crustal levels between 43·47 and 33·16 Ma. The magmas were episodically extracted from this storage area and ascended to the final intrusion level at ∼6 km paleo-depth. Each batch of melt cooled very rapidly down to the ambient temperature of 250°C, evidenced by distinct cooling paths recorded by amphibole, biotite and K-feldspar 40Ar/39Ar dates. The magma source area was moving from SW to NE with time, causing increasing thermal maturity in the mid-crustal reservoir. The resulting temporal trend of higher degrees of crustal assimiliation in the course of the evolution of the magmatic system can be traced through Hf and O isotopes in zircon. Rough estimates of magma emplacement rates (‘magma flux’) yield very low values in the range of 10-4 km3/yr, typical of mid-to-upper crustal plutons and increase with time. Although we cannot discern a decrease of magma flux from our own data, we anticipate that a dramatic decrease of magma flux between 33 and 31 Ma along the northern contact lead to cessation of magma emplacement.
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