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- Borisov, S, et al.
(författare)
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Surveillance of adverse events in the treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis: first global report
- 2019
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Ingår i: The European respiratory journal. - : European Respiratory Society (ERS). - 1399-3003 .- 0903-1936. ; 54:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that countries implement pharmacovigilance and collect information on active drug safety monitoring (aDSM) and management of adverse events.The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the frequency and severity of adverse events to anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in a cohort of consecutive TB patients treated with new (i.e. bedaquiline, delamanid) and repurposed (i.e. clofazimine, linezolid) drugs, based on the WHO aDSM project. Adverse events were collected prospectively after attribution to a specific drug together with demographic, bacteriological, radiological and clinical information at diagnosis and during therapy. This interim analysis included patients who completed or were still on treatment at time of data collection.Globally, 45 centres from 26 countries/regions reported 658 patients (68.7% male, 4.4% HIV co-infected) treated as follows: 87.7% with bedaquiline, 18.4% with delamanid (6.1% with both), 81.5% with linezolid and 32.4% with clofazimine. Overall, 504 adverse event episodes were reported: 447 (88.7%) were classified as minor (grade 1–2) and 57 (11.3%) as serious (grade 3–5). The majority of the 57 serious adverse events reported by 55 patients (51 out of 57, 89.5%) ultimately resolved. Among patients reporting serious adverse events, some drugs held responsible were discontinued: bedaquiline in 0.35% (two out of 577), delamanid in 0.8% (one out of 121), linezolid in 1.9% (10 out of 536) and clofazimine in 1.4% (three out of 213) of patients. Serious adverse events were reported in 6.9% (nine out of 131) of patients treated with amikacin, 0.4% (one out of 221) with ethionamide/prothionamide, 2.8% (15 out of 536) with linezolid and 1.8% (eight out of 498) with cycloserine/terizidone.The aDSM study provided valuable information, but implementation needs scaling-up to support patient-centred care.
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- Combe, G., et al.
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Experimental evidence of granulence
- 2013
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Ingår i: AIP Conference Proceedings. - : AIP. - 0094-243X. ; 1542, s. 453-456
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present an experimental study of velocity fluctuations in quasistatic flow of a 2D granular material deformed in a shear apparatus named 1γ2ε [1]. Radjaï and Roux [2] revealed systematic similarities between velocity fluctuations observed in discrete element simulations of quasistatic flow of granular material and turbulent flows in fluids. The character of these velocity fluctuations - named granulence by [2] - manifests as a non-Gaussian broadening of the probability density function of the fluctuations as the length of the analyzed shear-window is decreased, and exhibits some space and time scaling. The experiments presented are simple shear tests on granular samples composed of about 2000 wooden rods. The kinematics of the rod centers was followed by means of 2D Particle Image Tracking (PIT) technique applied to a sequence of 24 Mpixels digital pictures acquired throughout the duration of the loading at a frequency of 0.08 image/s. This analysis confirms the existence of granulence features in a real experimental test, which is comparable to that previously observed in numerical simulations of [2]. The experimental results obtained open up a new avenue for further studies on fluctuations in granular materials.
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- Andò, E., et al.
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Experimental micro-mechanics of granular media studied by x-ray tomography: Recent results and challenges
- 2013
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Ingår i: Geotechnique Letters. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 2049-825X .- 2045-2543. ; 3:JULY/SEPT, s. 142-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combining x-ray tomography and three-dimensional (3D) image analysis has finally opened the way for experimental micro-(geo)mechanics, allowing access to different scales of interest. When these correspond to a scale that has been imaged at high spatial resolution, high-quality measurements can be obtained (e.g. 3D displacements and rotations of individual grains of sand sample under load). However, there are issues when the scale of interest is smaller, for example the characterisation of grain-to-grain contacts (their orientations and evolution) or production of fines by grain breakage. This paper presents a short selection of new grain-scale measurements obtained using existing techniques. The challenges associated with smaller scale measurements on the same images are also discussed through a few examples from ongoing work.
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- Vitone, C., et al.
(författare)
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Localized deformation in intensely fissured clays studied by 2D digital image correlation
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Geotechnica. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1861-1133 .- 1861-1125. ; 8:3, s. 247-263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acta Geotechnica June 2013, Volume 8, Issue 3, pp 247-263 Localized deformation in intensely fissured clays studied by 2D digital image correlation C. Vitone, G. Viggiani, F. Cotecchia, S. A. Hall … show all 4 hide Citations 368 Downloads 200 Citations 9 Comments » Download PDF (3,181 KB) » View Article Abstract This paper represents a further step in a longstanding research on the influence of fissuring on the mechanical behavior of natural clays. The results of an experimental investigation into the influence of fissure orientation on the evolution of strain localization in the intensely fissured scaly clay from Santa Croce di Magliano (south of Italy) are reported. The experimental program involved plane strain compression tests where the effects of the combination of different factors, such as the specimen size and the orientation of fissuring, were investigated. A key aspect to this work is that the standard global stress–strain measurements were augmented by full-field displacement and strain measurements through 2D digital image correlation. Access to incremental strain fields provided information about slight details or anomalies as well as the complexity of deformation processes, which is of crucial importance for proper interpretation of test results at the global, macroscopic level.
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