| 1. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Aspects of Ground Vibrations due to Pile and Sheet Pile Driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. - : E-Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. - 1089-3032. ; 20:19, s. 11161-11176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are part of a complex process involving several factors that influence both vibration magnitude and frequency. Better understanding and prediction of the vibrations generated will greatly benefit the civil engineering practice as well as the construction industry. An important component in understanding vibrations due to pile driving is to comprehend and understand working procedures and the influence of different factors. The objective is to present and discuss factors and working procedures that influence vibrations caused by pile driving, based on three current field tests and formerly presented experience from literature. It is concluded that the factors have the highest impact on ground vibrations due to pile driving are the geotechnical conditions, the vibration generated at the source, the distance from the source and the installation method.
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| 2. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing vibrations due to pile driving
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are part of a complex process involving many elements and factors that influence both vibration magnitude and frequency. Better understanding and prediction of the vibrations generated will greatly benefit the civil engineering practice as well as the construction industry. An important component in understanding vibrations due to pile driving is to comprehend and recognise the factors that influence these vibrations. The objective of the present study is to identify factors that influence vibrations caused by pile driving. Furthermore, current models for prediction of vibrations are discussed and evaluated. Based on the literature study conducted it is concluded that the most important factors are the geotechnical conditions, the energy generated at the source and the distance from the source. The identified factors should be included in order to create a reliable prediction model for vibrations caused by pile and sheet pile driving
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| 3. |
- Deckner, Fanny, 1984-
(författare)
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Ground vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving : influencing factors, predictions and measurements
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ground vibrations due to pile driving are part of a complex process. Vibration is generated from the pile driver to the pile. As the pile interacts with the surrounding soil, vibrations are transferred at the pile-soil interface. The vibration propagates through the ground and interacts with structures, both above ground and underground. The vibration continues into the structure where it may disturb occupants and/or damage the structure.In this thesis the study of the vibration transfer process due to pile driving is limited to the vibration source and the wave propagation in the soil. Vibration transmission to adjacent buildings and structures is not studied. However, impact of vibrations on buildings is briefly discussed in the literature study.It is important to accurately predict the magnitude of ground vibrations that result from pile driving in urban areas, both over- and underestimated vibration levels lead to increased costs. A lot of research has been performed within this field of knowledge, but a reliable and acknowledged prediction model for vibrations induced by pile or sheet pile driving is still needed.The objective of the research project is to increase the knowledge and understanding in the field of ground vibrations due to impact and vibratory driving of piles and sheet piles. This research project also aims to develop a reliable prediction model that can be used by practising engineers to estimate vibration due to pile driving. This licentiate thesis presents the first part of the research project and aims to increase the knowledge and understanding of the subject and to form a basis for continued research work.The most important findings and conclusions from this study are:The main factors influencing vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are; (1) the vibrations transferred from the pile to the soil, (2) the geotechnical conditions at the site and (3) the distance from the source.The vibrations transmitted from the pile to the soil depend on the vibrations transferred to the pile from the hammer, the pile-soil interaction and the wave propagation and attenuation in the plastic/elasto-plastic zone closest to the pile.There is today no prediction model that fulfils the criteria of the “perfect” prediction model; reliable but yet easy to apply.Future research should study the transfer of vibrations at the pile-soil interface, including the generation of a plastic/elasto-plastic zone in the area closest to the pile and how that affects the transfer of vibrations from the pile to the soil.
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| 4. |
- Deckner, Fanny, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Ground vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving : prediction models of today
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 22nd European Young Geotechnical Engineers Conference. - Gothenburg : Swedish Geotechnical Society. - 9789163714351 ; , s. 107-112
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of aconstruction work pile and sheet pile driving unavoidably generates vibrations.As of today construction works are often located in urban areas and along withsociety’s increasing concern of environmental impact the need for vibrationprediction prior to construction is of immediate interest. This study presents a review of the predictionmodels existing today. For prediction of ground vibrations from pile and sheetpile driving there are roughly three different types of models; empirical models,theoretical models and engineering models. A prediction model should bereliable in all cases where it is meant to be used. It is also important thatit is relatively easy to use and that the input data is easily obtained. Thisstudy concludes that, as of today, there is a lack of such a model. Today’smodels either lack in reliability or require great amounts of input data,knowledge and skills as well as time and money. The findings within this study constitutethe initial part of an on-going research project at the division of Soil- and RockMechanics at the Royal Institute of Technology in cooperation with the DevelopmentFund of the Swedish Construction Industry and NCC Construction Sweden.
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| 5. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Instrumentation System for Ground Vibration Analysis During Sheet Pile Driving
- 2015
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Ingår i: ASTM geotechnical testing journal. - : AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS. - 0149-6115 .- 1945-7545. ; 38:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To enable the study of the sheet pile-soil interaction during driving, it was essential to have a record of the sheet pile vibrations as well as the vibrations at depth in the surrounding soil. In this paper, an instrumentation system for vibration analysis during vibratory sheet pile driving was presented. The instrumentation system was used in a full-scale field test where vibrations were measured on the sheet pile as well as at depth in the ground. The new instrumentation system and the field test were thoroughly described. As a sheet pile was driven into the ground, vibrations were transferred both at the toe and along the shaft. Whether it was the toe or the shaft that created the largest contribution to vibrations in the ground is debated in literature. Results from the field test were presented in order to investigate the effect of the position of the sheet pile toe on the ground vibrations at depth. It was shown that, within a distance of about 1.6m from the driven sheet pile, the ground vibrations at depth were affected by the passing of the sheet pile toe. The current field test also indicated that the toe contributed to more ground vibrations than the shaft.
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| 6. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Markvibrationer vid spontning för Karlstad teater
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - Stockholm : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :1, s. 25-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Measured ground vibrations during vibratory sheet pile driving
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The installation of piles and sheet piles in the vicinity of existing foundations requires the engineer to predict the environmental impact on nearby structures and buildings. In the presented case study an extension of Karlstad theatre was planned, the theatre and surrounding buildings are founded on loose geological deposits close to the river delta of Klarälven. The uncertainty in predicting the environmental impact on the theatre and adjacent buildings led to the decision of performing a trial sheet piling using vibratory driving. The generated ground vibrations as well as the settlement of the ground surface were measured. The results of the measurements showed that large settlements occurred in the loose sand layer. It was also observed that the horizontal vibrations were larger than the vertical vibrations close to the driven sheet piles. From the field study it was concluded that geotechnical conditions as well as distance from the source have large impact on the generated vibrations. A comparison between measured and predicted vibrations using empirical relations gave valuable insights for the development of future prediction models.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Sheet pile behavior during vibratory driving : numerical study based on a field test
- 2017
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Ingår i: Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - 0267-7261 .- 1879-341X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to sheet pile driving are a problem in many urban areas today. Increased knowledgeof the vibration transfer process from source to nearby objects is important in order to enableminimization of induced vibrations. The transfer of vibrations from sheet pile to soil is dependent onthe sheet pile behaviour during driving. This paper presents a 3D finite element study of thebehaviour of a vibratory driven sheet pile, complementing results from a full-scale field test. Thefinite element model accounts for strain dependent soil stiffness using an equivalent linear soilmodel. The conclusion is that the sheet pile bends considerably during driving with eccentricclamping. Furthermore, it is shown that the bending mode is similar irrespective of sheet pilepenetration depth.
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| 10. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Vibration transfer during vibratory sheet pile driving : a full-scale field test
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical Engineering. - : ICEGE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibration transfer between sheet pile and soil during vibratory driving is commonly modelled using theory developed for impact pile driving. However, field observations and previous literature show that a driven sheet pile vibrates both vertically and horizontally. A transfer of vibrations to adjoining sheet piles in the sheet pile wall can also be observed. Results from a full-scale field test are presented showing that driven sheet piles vibrate both horizontally as well as vertically and that vibrations to a high degree are transferred to adjoining sheet piles. Based on the results it is suggested that the common vibration transfer model is modified to better capture the real behavior of the driven sheet pile and the adjoining sheet pile wall.
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| 11. |
- Deckner, Fanny
(författare)
-
Vibration transfer process during vibratory sheet pile driving : from source to soil
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vibratory driven sheet piles are a cost-effective retaining wall structure, and in coming decades the continued use of this method will be crucial for minimising costs within the construction sector. However, vibratory driven sheet piles are a source of ground vibrations, which may harm structures or induce disturbance. Most urban construction projects face strict limits on permissible vibration level. Being able to reliably predict the expected vibration level prior to construction is therefore highly important. Reliable prediction demands a profound knowledge of the vibration transfer process, from source to point of interest. This thesis focuses on clarifying the vibration transfer process and will serve as a platform for the future development of a reliable prediction model. The vibration transfer process is divided into two main parts: vibration source and vibrations in soil. The different parts in the vibration transfer process are studied and investigated with the help of a literature review, field tests and numerical modelling. Within the scope of this thesis, three field tests have been conducted and a new instrumentation system has been developed. The new instrumentation system enables recording of both sheet pile vibrations and ground vibrations at depth during the entire driving. The field tests aimed to study the vibration transfer from sheet pile to soil and the vibration transfer within a sheet pile wall, as well as the wave pattern in soil. To study sheet pile behaviour during driving a numerical model was developed, which is also meant to serve as a basis for further studies. The main scientific contribution of this thesis is the identification of the sheet pile behaviour during driving. For practical application, the main contribution is the development of an increased knowledge of the vibration transfer process from source to soil, together with the new instrumentation system and the development of the numerical model.
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| 12. |
- Deckner, Fanny, et al.
(författare)
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Wave patterns in the ground : case studies related to vibratory sheet pile driving
- 2017
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Ingår i: Geotechnical and Geological Engineering. - : Springer. - 0960-3182 .- 1573-1529. ; 35:6, s. 2863-2878
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibrations due to pile and sheet pile driving are known to cause discomfort for people, aswell as damage to nearby buildings and structures. To enable prediction of ground vibration levels itis important to acknowledge the wave patterns induced in the ground to correctly determine whichattenuation model to adopt. This paper presents wave patterns in the ground due to vibratory sheetpile driving based on field measurements from three case studies. The results show different wavepatterns in the ground. At the ground surface the wave patterns are elliptical, resembling Rayleighwaves. At depth in the soil the wave patterns are instead strongly polarized in different directions,indicating the presence of P- and S-waves. Moreover, wave patterns tend to become more irregularwith increasing distance from the source. This paper contributes to an improved understanding ofwave patterns in the ground during vibratory sheet pile driving, forming a platform for thedevelopment of a reliable prediction model.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Håård, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Tågtrafik i ”överjordshastighet”
- 2023
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :1, s. 24-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Just nu planeras byggandet av nya stambanor i Sverige som ska möjliggöra tågtrafik i ännu högre hastighet (250–320 km/h) än de befintliga (200 km/h). Den högre hastigheten medför flera tekniska utmaningar för anläggningens utformning. Ett exempel inom geoteknikområdet är risken för det så kallade höghastighetsfenomenet, som kan orsaka mycket stora tåg- och markvibrationer. Ett nyligen avslutat examensarbete på avdelningen för Jord- och bergmekanik vid KTH, i samarbete med Trafikverket och Norges Geotekniska Institut (NGI), har undersökt potentialen i att använda det av NGI utvecklade beräkningsverktyget VibTrain för att analysera detta fenomen [1].
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| 15. |
- Kardan, Caesar, et al.
(författare)
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CPTu : Kan vi lita på sonderingsresultaten?
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bygg och Teknik. - Stockholm : Förlags AB Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X .- 2002-8350. ; :1, s. 53-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- I geotekniska utredningar ingår behovet av att kunna bestämma markförhållanden och jordens egenskaper. Ett antal sonderingsmetoder har utvecklats för detta ändamål och CPTu (Cone Penetration Test med portrycksmätning) betraktas som en av de mer sofistikerade. Denna metod ställer dock höga krav på alla aktörer i processen, det vill säga fältgeotekniker, handläggande geotekniker, geokonstruktörer men även beställaren. Ett vanligt problem med CPTu är osäkerheten i resultaten, osäkerheter kopplat till både utrustning och handhavande. Trots att det idag finns ramverk avseende användning, prestanda, underhåll och andra detaljer, finns det fortfarande en grad av osäkerhet i resultaten. Hur stor denna osäkerhet är och vilka faktorer som inverkar har översiktligt studerats i form av ett examensarbete på KTH Jord- och bergmekanik, under 2014,Kardan (2014), i samarbete med övriga medförfattare. Resultat från studien visar tydligt på skillnader i resultat, en skillnad som är kopplat till både aktörens utrustning och handhavande.
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| 16. |
- Kardan, Caesar, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of operator performance on quality of CPTu results
- 2016
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Ingår i: Challenges in Nordic Geotechnic. - : The Icelandic Geotechnical Society. - 9789935240026 ; , s. 153-158
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cone penetration tests (CPT) is one of the most sophisticated geotechnical field investigations methods. As for all test methods, the CPT is associated with many uncertainties. However,there are two main sources that have aninfluence on the quality ofCPTumeasurements. One is the choice of equipment since different equipment differs in design and functionality.The other source relates tooperator performanceand incorrectexecutionof the methodas well as lack of competence to analyze the results.However, inorder to achieve satisfying results, the operator should be skilled, competent and well-educated. Some countries don’t have any formal education and in countries wereformal education doexist, the achieved quality ofresultsdoesquite frequentlystill come out unsatisfactory.This fact is seldom mentioned, but still a well-known fact amongst practicing geotechnicians.The objective of this paperis to discuss operator performance related factors and contribute to a better knowledgeof how important every single procedure contributes to the outcome as well as quality of the results.
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| 17. |
- Majala, Jonas
(författare)
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Interpretation of Railway Track Alignment Measurements in a Geodynamic Perspective
- 2021
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development in society means that infrastructure like ballasted railway systems are facing challenges due to request for increased number of high-speed trains and heavier freight trains. This implies that ballasted railways get an increased impact from larger dynamic loads. The question is how the ballasted railways are today affected by dynamic loading and how will an increase in train speed and weight change the soil behaviour within the railway embankment. A method of investigating dynamic soil behaviour is via geophysical measurements. Accelerometers are commonly used for vibration measurements and by installing them on trains are measurements possible to perform for complete railway sections. The knowledge of expected natural frequencies for various track components and soil layers are essential when considering frequency based analysis of vibration measurements. Thus, a frequency based analysis of accelerometer measurements from track recording coaches enables a possible method for analysing the impact of dynamic loads on underlying soil materials with means of a knowledge of expected natural frequencies for various track components and soil layers. Importance to study frequency content of ground motions became more relevant after the Mexico City earthquake 1985 i.e. studies on this specific earthquake revealed amplification of ground motions due to a long duration of shaking and resonance of soil deposits and furthermore causing damage to buildings whose natural period was the same as the period of ground motion. Thus, if we consider a railway with long train sets running along the railway line. Long durations of shaking of the ground can occur as well as a possible resonance of various soil layers leading to changes in material properties. An interesting finding regarding vibration measurements conducted on a track recording coach show that after Fast Fourier Transformation of the measured vibration data, a frequency spectrum analysis indicate possibilities to detect resonance of the ballast layer in the railway embankment. Therefore, this thesis focus on frequency based analysis of the ballast layer were indications of changes in shear modulus of ballast is seen with means of frequency spectrum and theoretical knowledge of the change in shear modulus in ballast material under cyclic loading and increased shear strain. The thesis consists of two main parts, first is the construction of the so-called frequency-based analysis method of track alignment measurements in a geodynamic perspective and the second part is application of the frequency-based method on a case study. Thus, the scientific contribution of this thesis is to increase knowledge of track alignment measurements in the geotechnical field and to provide a frequency based analysis method of track alignment measurements in a geodynamic perspective for evaluation of soil properties. For the actual case study two different railway sections in Sweden is chosen to enable a comparison, especially when these sections differ with respect to one having only a ballast layer and subgrade and one having ballast, sub ballast and subgrade. Thus, the section with only ballast and subgrade enable a clearer analysis since these layers have large difference in natural frequency. First section is located at Tolikberget in the north part of Sweden and second one between Stenkumla and Dunsjö in south of Sweden. From the analysis of the selected sections it is possible to see indications from the frequency spectrum that the vibration measurements capture the natural frequencies of ballast material associated to the maximum shear modulus and to varying degrees of reduced shear modulus due to increased shear strain. Thus, it can be concluded that vibration measurements conducted on track recording coaches have potential to be used for studies of changes in ballast materials dynamic properties.
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| 19. |
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