| 1. |
- Raposo, Bruno, et al.
(författare)
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T cells specific for post-translational modifications escape intrathymic tolerance induction
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2041-1723. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Establishing effective central tolerance requires the promiscuous expression of tissue-restricted antigens by medullary thymic epithelial cells. However, whether central tolerance also extends to post-translationally modified proteins is not clear. Here we show a mouse model of autoimmunity in which disease development is dependent on post-translational modification (PTM) of the tissue-restricted self-antigen collagen type II. T cells specific for the non-modified antigen undergo efficient central tolerance. By contrast, PTM-reactive T cells escape thymic selection, though the PTM variant constitutes the dominant form in the periphery. This finding implies that the PTM protein is absent in the thymus, or present at concentrations insufficient to induce negative selection of developing thymocytes and explains the lower level of tolerance induction against the PTM antigen. As the majority of self-antigens are post-translationally modified, these data raise the possibility that T cells specific for other self-antigens naturally subjected to PTM may escape central tolerance induction by a similar mechanism.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Urbonaviciute, Vilma, et al.
(författare)
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Therapy targeting antigen-specific T cells by a peptide-based tolerizing vaccine against autoimmune arthritis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - Stockholm : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 120:25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A longstanding goal has been to find an antigen-specific preventive therapy, i.e., a vaccine, for autoimmune diseases. It has been difficult to find safe ways to steer the targeting of natural regulatory antigen. Here, we show that the administration of exog-enous mouse major histocompatibility complex class II protein bounding a unique galactosylated collagen type II (COL2) peptide (Aq-galCOL2) directly interacts with the antigen-specific TCR through a positively charged tag. This leads to expanding a VISTA-positive nonconventional regulatory T cells, resulting in a potent dominant suppressive effect and protection against arthritis in mice. The therapeutic effect is dom-inant and tissue specific as the suppression can be transferred with regulatory T cells, which downregulate various autoimmune arthritis models including antibody-induced arthritis. Thus, the tolerogenic approach described here may be a promising dominant antigen-specific therapy for rheumatoid arthritis, and in principle, for autoimmune diseases in general.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Maria L.E., et al.
(författare)
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Autoantibodies to Disease-Related Proteins in Joints as Novel Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2023
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Ingår i: Arthritis & Rheumatology. - : Wiley. - 2326-5191 .- 2326-5205. ; 75:7, s. 1110-1119
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This study was undertaken to develop and characterize a multiplex immunoassay for detection of autoantibodies against peptides derived from proteins known to play a role in development of arthritis and that are also expressed in joints.Methods. We selected peptides from the human counterpart of proteins expressed in the joints, based on mouse models that showed these to be targeted by pathogenic or regulatory antibodies in vivo. Using bead-based flow immunoassays measuring IgG antibodies, we selected triple helical or cyclic peptides, containing the epitopes, to avoid collinear reactivity. We characterized the analytical performance of the immunoassay and then validated it in 3 independent rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cohorts (n = 2,110), Swedish age- and sex-matched healthy controls, and patients with osteoarthritis (OA), patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Results. Screening assays showed 5 peptide antigens that discriminated RA patients from healthy controls with 99% specificity (95% confidence interval [CI] 98-100%). In our validation studies, we reproduced the discriminatory capacity of the autoantibodies in 2 other RA cohorts, showing that the autoantibodies had high discriminatory capacity for RA versus OA, PsA, and SLE. The novel biomarkers identified 22.5% (95% CI 19-26%) of early RA patients seronegative for anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide and rheumatoid factor. The usefulness of the biomarkers in identifying seronegative RA patients was confirmed in validation studies using 2 independent cohorts of RA patients and cohorts of patients with OA, PsA, and SLE.Conclusion. A multiplex immunoassay with peptides from disease-related proteins in joints was found to be useful for detection of specific autoantibodies in RA serum. Of note, this immunoassay had high discriminatory capacity for early seronegative RA.
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| 5. |
- Aoun, M., et al.
(författare)
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Antigen-presenting autoreactive B cells activate regulatory T cells and suppress autoimmune arthritis in mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 220:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- B cells undergo several rounds of selection to eliminate potentially pathogenic autoreactive clones, but in contrast to T cells, evidence of positive selection of autoreactive B cells remains moot. Using unique tetramers, we traced natural autoreactive B cells (C1-B) specific for a defined triple-helical epitope on collagen type-II (COL2), constituting a sizeable fraction of the physiological B cell repertoire in mice, rats, and humans. Adoptive transfer of C1-B suppressed arthritis independently of IL10, separating them from IL10-secreting regulatory B cells. Single-cell sequencing revealed an antigen processing and presentation signature, including induced expression of CD72 and CCR7 as surface markers. C1-B presented COL2 to T cells and induced the expansion of regulatory T cells in a contact-dependent manner. CD72 blockade impeded this effect suggesting a new downstream suppressor mechanism that regulates antigen-specific T cell tolerization. Thus, our results indicate that autoreactive antigen-specific naive B cells tolerize infiltrating T cells against self-antigens to impede the development of tissue-specific autoimmune inflammation.
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| 6. |
- Ge, Changrong, et al.
(författare)
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Key interactions in the trimolecular complex consisting of the rheumatoid arthritis-associated DRB1*04:01 molecule, the major glycosylated collagen II peptide and the T-cell receptor
- 2022
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Ingår i: Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 0003-4967 .- 1468-2060. ; 81:4, s. 480-489
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease strongly associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II allele DRB1*04:01, which encodes a protein that binds self-peptides for presentation to T cells. This study characterises the autoantigen-presenting function of DRB1*04:01 (HLA-DRA*01:01/HLA-DRB1*04:01) at a molecular level for prototypic T-cell determinants, focusing on a post-translationally modified collagen type II (Col2)-derived peptide.Methods The crystal structures of DRB1*04:01 molecules in complex with the peptides HSP70(289-306), citrullinated CILP982-996 and galactosylated Col2(259-273) were determined on cocrystallisation. T cells specific for Col2(259-273) were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with DRB1*04:01-positive RA by cytofluorometric detection of the activation marker CD154 on peptide stimulation and binding of fluorescent DRB1*0401/Col2(259-273) tetramer complexes. The cDNAs encoding the T-cell receptor (TCR) alpha-chains and beta-chains were cloned from single-cell sorted tetramer-positive T cells and transferred via a lentiviral vector into TCR-deficient Jurkat 76 cells.Results The crystal structures identified peptide binding to DRB1*04:01 and potential side chain exposure to T cells. The main TCR recognition sites in Col2(259-273) were lysine residues that can be galactosylated. RA T-cell responses to DRB1*04:01-presented Col2(259-273) were dependent on peptide galactosylation at lysine 264. Dynamic molecular modelling of a functionally characterised Col2(259-273)-specific TCR complexed with DRB1*04:01/Col2(259-273) provided evidence for differential allosteric T-cell recognition of glycosylated lysine 264.Conclusions The MHC-peptide-TCR interactions elucidated in our study provide new molecular insights into recognition of a post-translationally modified RA T-cell determinant with a known dominant role in arthritogenic and tolerogenic responses in murine Col2-induced arthritis.
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| 7. |
- Ge, Changrong P, et al.
(författare)
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Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies cause arthritis by cross-reactivity to joint cartilage
- 2017
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Ingår i: JCI INSIGHT. - : AMER SOC CLINICAL INVESTIGATION INC. - 2379-3708. ; 2:13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Today, it is known that autoimmune diseases start a long time before clinical symptoms appear. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) appear many years before the clinical onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, it is still unclear if and how ACPAs are arthritogenic. To better understand the molecular basis of pathogenicity of ACPAs, we investigated autoantibodies reactive against the C1 epitope of collagen type II (CII) and its citrullinated variants. We found that these antibodies are commonly occurring in RA. A mAb (ACC1) against citrullinated C1 was found to cross-react with several noncitrullinated epitopes on native CII, causing proteoglycan depletion of cartilage and severe arthritis in mice. Structural studies by X-ray crystallography showed that such recognition is governed by a shared structural motif "RG-TG" within all the epitopes, including electrostatic potential-controlled citrulline specificity. Overall, we have demonstrated a molecular mechanism that explains how ACPAs trigger arthritis.
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| 8. |
- Hederos, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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A promiscuous glutathione transferase transformed into a selective thiolester hydrolase
- 2006
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Ingår i: Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. - 1477-0520. ; 4:1, s. 90-97
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human glutathione transferase A1-1 (hGST A1-1) can be reengineered by rational design into a catalyst for thiolester hydrolysis with a catalytic proficiency of 1.4 × 107 M–1. The thiolester hydrolase, A216H that was obtained by the introduction of a single histidine residue at position 216 catalyzed the hydrolysis of a substrate termed GSB, a thiolester of glutathione and benzoic acid. Here we investigate the substrate requirements of this designed enzyme by screening a thiolester library. We found that only two thiolesters out of 18 were substrates for A216H. The A216H-catalyzed hydrolysis of GS-2 (thiolester of glutathione and naphthalenecarboxylic acid) exhibits a kcat of 0.0032 min–1 and a KM of 41 µM. The previously reported catalysis of GSB has a kcat of 0.00078 min–1 and KM of 5 µM. The kcat for A216H-catalyzed hydrolysis of GS-2 is thus 4.1 times higher than for GSB. The catalytic proficiency (kcat/KM)/kuncat for GS-2 is 3 × 106 M–1. The promiscuous feature of the wt protein towards a range of different substrates has not been conserved in A216H but we have obtained a selective enzyme with high demands on the substrate.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Håkansson Hederos, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Programmed Delivery of Novel Functional Groups to the Alpha Class Glutathione Transferases
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0006-2960 .- 1520-4995. ; 42:34, s. 10260-10268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we describe a new route to site- and class-specific protein modification that will allow us to create novel functional proteins with artificial chemical groups. Glutathione transferases from the alpha but not the mu, pi, omega, or theta classes can be rapidly and site-specifically acylated with thioesters of glutathione (GS-thioesters) that are similar to compounds that have been demonstrated to occur in vivo. The human isoforms A1-1, A2-2, A3-3, and A4-4 from the alpha class all react with the reagent at a conserved tyrosine residue (Y9) that is crucial in catalysis of detoxication reactions. The yield of modified protein is virtually quantitative in less than 30 min under optimized conditions. The acylated product is stable for more than 24 h at pH 7 and 25 °C. The modification is reversible in the presence of excess glutathione, but the labeled protein can be protected by adding S-methylglutathione. The stability of the ester with respect to added glutathione depends on the acyl moiety. The reaction can also take place in Escherichia coli lysates doped with alpha class glutathione transferases. A control substance that lacks the peptidyl backbone required for binding to the glutathione transferases acylates surface-exposed lysines. There is some acyl group specificity since one out of the three different GS-thioesters that we tried was not able to acylate Y9.
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| 11. |
- Li, Yanpeng, et al.
(författare)
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Cartilage-binding antibodies initiate joint inflammation and promote chronic erosive arthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : BMC. - 1478-6362. ; 22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Antibodies binding to cartilage proteins are present in the blood and synovial fluid of early rheumatoid arthritis patients. In order to develop animal models mimicking the human disease, we have characterized the arthritogenic capacity of monoclonal antibodies directed towards different joint proteins in the cartilage.Methods: Purified antibodies specific to unmodified or citrullinated collagen type II (CII), collagen type XI (CXI), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) were produced as culture supernatant, affinity purified, pooled as antibody cocktails (Cab3 and Cab4), and injected intravenously into mice to induce arthritis. An adjuvant (lipopolysaccharide or mannan) was subsequently injected intraperitoneally on either day 5 or day 60 to enhance arthritis. Antibody binding and complement activation on the cartilage surface were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods. Bone erosions and joint deformations were analyzed by histological assessments, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and micro-CT. Luminex was used to detect CII-triple helical epitope-specific antibody responses.Results: The new cartilage antibody cocktails induced an earlier and more severe disease than anti-CII antibody cocktail. Many of the mouse strains used developed severe arthritis with 3 antibodies, binding to collagen II, collagen XI, and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (the Cab3 cocktail). Two new models of arthritis including Cab3-induced LPS-enhanced arthritis (lpsCAIA) and Cab3-induced mannan-enhanced arthritis (mCAIA) were established, causing severe bone erosions and bone loss, as well as epitope spreading of the B cell response. Cab4, with addition of an antibody to citrullinated collagen II, induced arthritis more efficiently in moderately susceptible C57BL/6 J mice.Conclusions: The new mouse model for RA induced with cartilage antibodies allows studies of chronic development of arthritis and epitope spreading of the autoimmune response and bone erosion.
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| 12. |
- Lindgren, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics Determine Signaling in a Multicomponent System Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0022-2623 .- 1520-4804. ; 61:11, s. 4774-4790
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Strategies that target multiple components are usually required for treatment of diseases originating from complex biological systems. The multicomponent system consisting of the DR4 major histocompatibility complex type II molecule, the glycopeptide CI1259-273 from type II collagen, and a T-cell receptor is associated with development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We introduced non-native amino acids and amide bond isosteres into CI1259-273 and investigated the effect on binding to DR4 and the subsequent T-cell response. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that complexes between DR4 and derivatives of CI1259-273 were highly dynamic. Signaling in the overall multicomponent system was found to depend on formation of an appropriate number of dynamic intramolecular hydrogen bonds between DR4 and CI1259-273, together with the positioning of the galactose moiety of CI1259-273 in the DR4 binding groove. Interestingly, the system tolerated modifications at several positions in CI1259-273, indicating opportunities to use analogues to increase our understanding of how rheumatoid arthritis develops and for evaluation as vaccines to treat RA.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ramapanicker, Ramesh, et al.
(författare)
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Powerful binders for the D-dimer by conjugation of the GPRP peptide to polypeptides from a designed set : illustrating a general route to new binders for proteins
- 2013
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Ingår i: Bioconjugate chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 24:1, s. 17-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The synthetic tetrapeptide GPRP based on the amino-terminal GPR sequence of the fibrin α-chain, binds the D-dimer protein with a dissociation constant KD of 25 μM. The D-dimer protein, a well-known biomarker for thrombosis, contains two cross-linked D fragments from the fibrinogen protein formed upon degradation of the fibrin gel, the core component of blood clots. In order to develop a specific high-affinity binder for the D-dimer protein, GPRP was conjugated via an aliphatic spacer to each member of a set of sixteen polypeptides designed for the development of binder molecules for proteins in general. The binders were individually characterised and ranked using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis. The dissociation constant of the complex formed from the D-dimer and 4-D15L8-GPRP labelled with fluorescein was determined by fluorescense titration and found to be 3 nM, an affinity four orders of magnitude higher than that of free GPRP. According to SPR analysis binding was completely inhibited by free GPRP at mM concentrations and the polypeptide conjugate was therefore shown to bind specifically to the binding site of GPRP. Affinities were further enhanced by dimerisation of the polypeptide conjugates via a bifunctional linker resulting in dissociation constants that were further decreased (affinities increased) by factors of 2-4. The results suggest an efficient route to specific binders for proteins based on short peptides with affinites that need only to be modest, thus shortening the time of binder development dramatically.
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| 16. |
- T. Tegler, Lotta, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic binder molecules that discriminate between isoforms of human Carbonic Anhydrase in blood.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- From a 16-membered set of 42 residue polypeptide conjugates designed to bind human Carbonic Anhydrases (HCA), two binder candidates 4-C37L34-B och 3-C15L8-B were shown to bind the isoform HCAII with high affinity in a fluorescence based screening assay. To determine their specificity for Carbonic Anhydrases the binders were immobilized on polystyrene beads and submerged in lysed blood, washed three times, cleaved from the beads, analyzed by SDS-PAGE and shown to specifically extract Carbonic Anhydrases from the complex biological mixture. Two Carbonic Anhydrase isoforms with 60% homology exist in human blood with HCAI being present in 5-7 fold excess over HCAII and the ability of the binder molecules to discriminate between HCAI and HCAII was investigated. Due to the high degree of homology HCAI and HCAII could not be separated by electrophoresis and the instead affinities were determined by SPR biosensor analysis. The polypeptide conjugate 4-C37L34-B bound HCAII with a KD of 12 nM whereas it was 90 nM for the binding of HCAI, a ratio of 7.5. The corresponding dissociation constants for the complexes formed from 3-C15L8-B and the two Carbonic Anhydrases were X and Y. This demonstration of selectivity between two very similar proteins is conspicuous in view of the fact that the molecular weight of each one of the binder molecules is little more than 5000, the fold is unordered and the polypeptide sequences are designed from scratch and have no prior relationship to Carbonic Anhydrases. The results suggest that synthetic polypeptide conjugates can be prepared with properties that make them attractive alternatives to biologically generated binders in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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| 17. |
- Tegler, Lotta T., et al.
(författare)
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Polypeptide Conjugate Binders that Discriminate between Two Isoforms of Human Carbonic Anhydrase in Human Blood
- 2011
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Ingår i: ChemBioChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4227 .- 1439-7633. ; 12:4, s. 559-566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two binder candidates 4-C37L34-B and 3-C15L8-B from a 16-membered set of 42-residue polypeptide conjugates designed to bind human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII), were shown to bind HCAII with high affinity in a fluorescence-based screening assay. Two carbonic anhydrase isoforms with 60% homology exist in human blood with HCAI being present in five-to sevenfold excess over HCAII. The ability of the binders to discriminate between HCAI and HCAII was evaluated with regard to what selectivity could be achieved by the conjugation of polypeptides from a 16-membered set to a small organic molecule that binds both isoforms with similar affinities. The polypeptide conjugate 4-C37L34-B bound HCAII with a K-D of 17 nm and HCAI with a K-D of 470 nm, that is, with a 30-fold difference in affinity. The corresponding dissociation constants for the complexes formed from 3-C15L8-B and the two carbonic anhydrases were 60 and 390 nm, respectively. This demonstration of selectivity between two very similar proteins is striking in view of the fact that the molecular weight of each one of the conjugate molecules is little more than 5000, the fold is unordered, and the polypeptide sequences were designed de novo and have no prior relationship to carbonic anhydrases. The results suggest that synthetic polypeptide conjugates can be prepared from organic molecules that are considered to be weak binders with low selectivity, yielding conjugates with properties that make them attractive alternatives to biologically generated binders in biotechnology and biomedicine.
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| 18. |
- Tong, D. M., et al.
(författare)
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A Shared Epitope of Collagen Type XI and Type II Is Recognized by Pathogenic Antibodies in Mice and Human with Arthritis
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Collagen XI (CXI) is a heterotrimeric molecule with triple helical structure in which the alpha 3(XI) chain is identical to the alpha 1(II) chain of collagen II (CII), but with extensive posttranslational modifications. CXI molecules are intermingled in the cartilage collagen fibers, which are mainly composed of CII. One of the alpha chains in CXI is shared with CII and contains the immunodominant T cell epitope, but it is unclear whether there are shared B cell epitopes as the antibodies tend to recognize the triple helical structures. Methods: Mice expressing the susceptible immune response gene A(q) were immunized with CII or CXI. Serum antibody responses were measured, monoclonal antibodies were isolated and analyzed for specificity to CII, CXI, and triple helical collagen peptides using bead-based multiplex immunoassays, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blots. Arthritogenicity of the antibodies was investigated by passive transfer experiments. Results: Immunization with CII or CXI leads to a strong T and B cell response, including a cross-reactive response to both collagen types. Immunization with CII leads to severe arthritis in mice, with a response toward CXI at the chronic stage, whereas CXI immunization induces very mild arthritis only. A series of monoclonal antibodies to CXI were isolated and of these, the L10D9 antibody bound to both CXI and CII equally strong, with a specific binding for the D3 epitope region of alpha 3(XI) or alpha 1(II) chain. The L10D9 antibody binds cartilage in vivo and induced severe arthritis. In contrast, the L5F3 antibody only showed weak binding and L7D8 antibody has no binding to cartilage and did not induce arthritis. The arthritogenic L10D9 antibody bound to an epitope shared with CII, the triple helical D3 epitope. Antibody levels to the shared D3 epitope were elevated in the sera from mice with arthritis as well as in rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: CXI is immunologically not exposed in healthy cartilage but contains T and B cell epitopes cross-reactive with CII, which could be activated in both mouse and human arthritis and could evoke an arthritogenic response.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Viljanen, Johan, 1977-
(författare)
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A Novel Route for Construction of Multipurpose Receptors through Chemical Modification of Glutathione Transferases
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis describes how the human Alpha class glutathione transferase (GST) A1-1 can be reprogrammed either to function as a multipurpose biosensor for detection of small molecule analytes, or as a handle providing for more efficient protein purification.A novel, user-friendly, and efficient method for site-specific introduction of functional groups into the active site of hGST A1-1 is the platform for these achievements. The designed thioester reagents are glutathione-based and they are able to label one single nucleophile (Y9) and leave the other 50 nucleophiles (in hGST A1-1) intact. The modification reaction was tested with five classes of GSTs (Alpha, Mu, Pi, Theta and Omega) and was found to be specific for the Alpha class isoenzymes. The reaction was further refined to target a single lysine residue, K216 in the hGST A1-1 mutant A216K, providing a stable amide bond between the protein and the labeling group. To further improve the labeling process, biotinylated reagents that could deliver the acyl group to Y9 (wt hGST A1-1) or K216 in the lysine mutant, while attached to streptavidin-coated agarose beads, were designed and synthesized.A focused library of eleven A216K/M208X mutants was made via random mutagenesis to provide an array of proteins with altered micro-environments in the hydrophobic binding site, where M208 is situated. Through the invented route for site-specific labeling, a fluorescent probe (coumarin) was introduced on K216 in all double mutants, with the purpose of developing a protein-based biosensor, akin to the olfactory system. The array of coumarin-labeled proteins responded differently to the addition of different analytes, and the responses were analyzed through pattern recognition of the fluorescence signals. The labeled proteins could also be site-specifically immobilized on a PEG-based biosensor chip via the single C112 on the surface of the protein, enabling development of surface-based biosensing systems.Also, a refined system for efficient detection and purification of GST-fusion proteins is presented. Through a screening process involving A216K and all produced A216K/M208X mutants, two candidates (A216K and A216K/M208F) were singled out as scaffolds for the next generation of fusion proteins. In addition to the features present in commercially available GST fusion constructs, the new mutants can be site-specifically labeled with a fluorophore in bacterial lysates providing quick and sensitive monitoring of expression and purification. Furthermore, the proteins could be labeled with a unique aldehyde moiety providing for a novel protein purification scheme.
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| 21. |
- Viljanen, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial Chemical Reengineering of the Alpha Class Glutathione Transferases
- 2004
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Ingår i: Bioconjugate Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 15:4, s. 718-727
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previously, we discovered that human glutathione transferases (hGSTs) from the alpha class can be rapidly and quantitatively modified on a single tyrosine residue (Y9) using thioesters of glutathione (GS-thioesters) as acylating reagents. The current work was aimed at exploring the potential of this site-directed acylation using a combinatorial approach, and for this purpose a panel of 17 GS-thioesters were synthesized in parallel and used in screening experiments with the isoforms hGSTs A1-1, A2-2, A3-3, and A4-4. Through analytical HPLC and MALDI-MS experiments, we found that between 70 and 80% of the reagents are accepted and this is thus a very versatile reaction. The range of ligands that can be used to covalently reprogram these proteins is now expanded to include functionalities such as fluorescent groups, a photochemical probe, and an aldehyde as a handle for further chemical derivatization. This site-specific modification reaction thus allows us to create novel functional proteins with a great variety of artificial chemical groups in order to, for example, specifically tag GSTs in biological samples or create novel enzymatic function using appropriate GS-thioesters.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Viljanen, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Surface-assisted delivery of fluorescent groups to hGST A1-1 and a lysine mutant
- 2006
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Ingår i: Bioconjugate Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1043-1802 .- 1520-4812. ; 17:2, s. 429-437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human glutathione transferase (hGST) Al-l and a lysine mutant(A216K) can both be rapidly and site-specifically acylated on Y9 and K216, respectively, using a range of thiolesters of glutathione (GS-thiolesters) as modifying reagents. The present investigation was aimed at developing a method with which to deliver a fluorescent acyl group from a solid support under conditions compatible with standard protein purification schemes. A number of fluorescent GS-thiolesters with modified peptide backbones were therefore prepared and tested for reactivity toward hGST Al-l and the A216K mutant. Substitutions at the alpha-NH2 part of the glutathione backbone were not tolerated by the proteins. However, two fluorescent reagents that carry a biotin moiety at the C-terminal part of glutathione were found through MALDI-MS experiments to react in solution with Y9 of the wild-type protein and one reagent with K216 of A216K. The reaction can take place in the presence of glutathione and even in a crude E. coli lysate of cells expressing A216K. Delivery of the fluorescent group to Y9 or K216 was possible using, NeutrAvidin (NA) beads that had been preincubated with biotinylated reagent. Alternatively, excess reagent can be removed by a brief incubation with NA beads. We have thus now developed a system for protein labeling with easy removal of excess and used up low-molecular weight reagent. This strategy can conceivably be utilized in future protein purification and labeling experiments.
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| 24. |
- Viljanen, Johan V., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of an Array of Triple-Helical Peptides from Type II Collagen for Multiplex Analysis of Autoantibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Chemical Biology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1554-8929 .- 1554-8937. ; 15:9, s. 2605-2615
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Type II collagen (CII) is the most abundant protein in joint cartilage. Antibodies to CII appear around the clinical onset of the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a subset of patients. They target specific epitopes on CII and can be pathogenic or protective. Assays for early detection of such autoantibodies may provide new opportunities for selecting effective treatment strategies of RA. We report the efficient and reproducible assembly of an array of covalently branched native and citrullinated triple helical peptides (THPs) from CII that contain defined autoantibody epitopes. Both monoclonal antibodies and sera from experimental mouse models show a unique reactivity toward the THPs, compared to cyclic peptides containing the epitopes, revealing the importance that the epitopes are displayed in a triple-helical conformation. Importantly, antibodies against three of the THPs that contain major CII epitopes were found to be increased in sera from patients with RA, compared to control persons. These results indicate that such synthetic THPs should be included in multiplex analysis of autoantibodies that are uniquely occurring in individuals with early RA, to provide valuable information on disease prognosis and on what type of therapy should be chosen for individual patients. Copyright © 2020 American Chemical Society.
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| 25. |
- Yang, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Cutting Edge : Processing of Oxidized Peptides in Macrophages Regulates T Cell Activation and Development of Autoimmune Arthritis
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 199:12, s. 3937-3942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- APCs are known to produce NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2-derived reactive oxygen species; however, whether and how NOX2-mediated oxidation affects redox-sensitive immunogenic peptides remains elusive. In this study, we investigated a major immunogenic peptide in glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI), a potential autoantigen in rheumatoid arthritis, which can form internal disulfide bonds. Ag presentation assays showed that presentation of this G6PI peptide was more efficient in NOX2-deficient (Ncf1(m1J/m1J) mutant) mice, compared with wild-type controls. IFN-gamma-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), which facilitates disulfide bond-containing Ag processing, was found to be upregulated in macrophages from Ncf1 mutant mice. Ncf1 mutant mice exhibited more severe G6PI peptide-induced arthritis, which was accompanied by the increased GILT expression in macrophages and enhanced Ag-specific T cell responses. Our results show that NOX2-dependent processing of the redox-sensitive autoantigens by APCs modify T cell activity and development of autoimmune arthritis.
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