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- Sallinen, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Self-reported reasons for on-duty sleepiness among commercial airline pilots
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chronobiology International. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0742-0528 .- 1525-6073. ; 38:9, s. 1308-1318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Experimental and epidemiological research has shown that human sleepiness is determined especially by the circadian and homeostatic processes. The present field study examined which work-related factors airline pilots perceive as causing on-duty sleepiness during short-haul and long-haul flights. In addition, the association between the perceived reasons for sleepiness and actual sleepiness levels was examined, as well as the association between reporting inadequate sleep causing sleepiness and actual sleep-wake history. The study sample consisted of 29 long-haul (LH) pilots, 28 short-haul (SH) pilots, and 29 mixed fleet pilots (flying both SH and LH flights), each of whom participated in a 2-month field measurement period, yielding a total of 765 SH and 494 LH flight duty periods (FDPs) for analyses (FDP, a period between the start of a duty and the end of the last flight of that duty). The self-reports of sleepiness inducers were collected at the end of each FDP by an electronic select menu. On-duty sleepiness was rated at each flight phase by the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). The sleep-wake data was collected by a diary and actigraph. The results showed that “FDP timing” and “inadequate sleep” were the most frequently reported reasons for on-duty sleepiness out of the seven options provided, regardless of FDP type (SH, LH). Reporting these reasons significantly increased the odds of increased on-duty sleepiness (KSS ≥ 7), except for reporting “inadequate sleep” during LH FDPs. Reporting “inadequate sleep” was also associated with increased odds of a reduced sleep-wake ratio (total sleep time/amount of wakefulness ≤ 0.33). Both “FDP timing” and “inadequate sleep” were most frequently reported during early morning and night FDPs, whereas the other options showed no such phenomenon. The present study suggests that airline pilots’ perceptions of work-related factors that make them sleepy at work are in line with the previous experimental and epidemiological studies of sleepiness regulation.
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| 2. |
- van Leeuwen, Wessel M. A., et al.
(författare)
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Physiological and autonomic stress responses after prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep in healthy young men
- 2018
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Ingår i: Sleep and Biological Rhythms. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1446-9235 .- 1479-8425. ; 16:1, s. 45-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeSleep restriction is increasingly common and associated with the development of health problems. We investigated how the neuroendocrine stress systems respond to prolonged sleep restriction and subsequent recovery sleep in healthy young men.MethodsAfter two baseline (BL) nights of 8 h time in bed (TIB), TIB was restricted to 4 h per night for five nights (sleep restriction, SR, n = 15), followed by three recovery nights (REC) of 8 h TIB, representing a busy workweek and a recovery weekend. The control group (n = 8) had 8 h TIB throughout the experiment. A variety of autonomic cardiovascular parameters, together with salivary neuropeptide Y (NPY) and cortisol levels, were assessed.ResultsIn the control group, none of the parameters changed. In the experimental group, heart rate increased from 60 ± 1.8 beats per minute (bpm) at BL, to 63 ± 1.1 bpm after SR and further to 65 ± 1.8 bpm after REC. In addition, whole day low-frequency to-high frequency (LF/HF) power ratio of heart rate variability increased from 4.6 ± 0.4 at BL to 6.0 ± 0.6 after SR. Other parameters, including salivary NPY and cortisol levels, remained unaffected.ConclusionsIncreased heart rate and LF/HF power ratio are early signs of an increased sympathetic activity after prolonged sleep restriction. To reliably interpret the clinical significance of these early signs of physiological stress, a follow-up study would be needed to evaluate if the stress responses escalate and lead to more unfavourable reactions, such as elevated blood pressure and a subsequent elevated risk for cardiovascular health problems.
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