| 1. |
- Peltola, Pasi, et al.
(författare)
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Lead and Cu in contaminated urban soils : Extraction with chemical reagents and bioluminescent bacteria and yeast
- 2005
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 350:1-3, s. 194-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty urban soil samples, with a wide range of Pb (14–5323 mg/kg) and Cu (8–12987 mg/kg), were used to compare the operational speciation of a five-step sequential leach with the bioavailability determined with bioluminescent Pb (RN4220(pTOO24)) and Cu (MC1061(pSLcueR/pDNPcopAluc)) specific bacterial biosensors and a Cu specific yeast sensor. The bioavailable Pb concentrations were all similar or lower than the first sequential leach step (1M NaOAc). In contrast, in some samples the bioavailable concentrations of Cu clearly exceeded even the second sequential leach step (0.1 M Na4P2O7). With the yeast sensor 12/20 samples were below detection, however, the yeast sensor was capable of detecting all high Cu concentrations. The biosensors used in this study are not capable of detecting the natural soil concentrations of Pb and Cu in the studied area.
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| 2. |
- Sandberg, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Release and chemical speciation of copper from anti-fouling paints with different active copper compounds in artificial seawater
- 2007
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Ingår i: Materials and corrosion - Werkstoffe und Korrosion. - : Wiley. - 0947-5117 .- 1521-4176. ; 58:3, s. 165-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Release rates of total copper in artificial seawater (without organic matter) from anti-fouling paints of different active copper compounds range from 0.5 to 75 μg cm-2 day-1. Approximately 80% of the released total copper was determined to be electrochemically active (labile fraction) for all paints investigated. The remaining fraction is more strongly bonded non-bioavailable copper complexes with species released from the paints. Model calculations, using MinteqA2, predicted only a small portion (≈6%) of the total copper released as free cupric ions (Cu(H2O) 62+), the most bioavailable form of copper. Similar results were obtained with bioassay testing using bacteria and yeast on released copper from massive copper sheet exposed at identical conditions. The large difference between the total and the bioavailable copper fraction emphasizes the importance of generating chemical speciation data for accurate decisions of potential adverse effects of copper release from antifouling paints. The observed release of other metals and organic substances from the paint matrix, implies the importance to assess an integrated response from released species from paints of antifouling, and not only from single ingredients.
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| 3. |
- Topp, Edward, et al.
(författare)
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Antimicrobial resistance and the environment: assessment of advances, gaps and recommendations for agriculture, aquaculture and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
- 2018
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Ingår i: FEMS microbiology ecology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1574-6941. ; 94:3
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- A roundtable discussion held at the fourth International Symposium on the Environmental Dimension of Antibiotic Resistance (EDAR4) considered key issues concerning the impact on the environment of antibiotic use in agriculture and aquaculture, and emissions from antibiotic manufacturing. The critical control points for reducing emissions of antibiotics from agriculture are antibiotic stewardship and the pre-treatment of manure and sludge to abate antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotics are sometimes added to fish and shellfish production sites via the feed, representing a direct route of contamination of the aquatic environment. Vaccination reduces the need for antibiotic use in high value (e.g. salmon) production systems. Consumer and regulatory pressure will over time contribute to reducing the emission of very high concentrations of antibiotics from manufacturing. Research priorities include the development of technologies, practices and incentives that will allow effective reduction in antibiotic use, together with evidence-based standards for antibiotic residues in effluents. All relevant stakeholders need to be aware of the threat of antimicrobial resistance and apply best practice in agriculture, aquaculture and pharmaceutical manufacturing in order to mitigate antibiotic resistance development. Research and policy development on antimicrobial resistance mitigation must be cognizant of the varied challenges facing high and low income countries.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Virta, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROBIALLY BIOAVAILABLE AND SEQUENTALLY EXTRACTED FRACTIONS OF PB, CD, ZN, AND CU IN METAL CONTAMINATED SOILS
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microorganisms play a unique role in the soil ecosystem because of their contribution to the soil fertility. Thus, the knowledge concerning the bioavailability (and consequently toxicity) of heavy metals in soils to microorganisms is of great importance. Traditionally the assessment of toxicity of metals has been done by measuring growth or survival of microbial population in contaminated soil. A major disadvantage of that method is that it can not discriminate between the toxicity caused by different metals or other pollutants that may be present.We have studied the bioavailabity of Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu in metal-contaminated soils from various sources by using specific metal sensing bacteria and yeast strains. The bioavailability measurements were carried in using soil suspension without any extraction steps. The results were compared with the total metal content measured by chemical methods. Moreover, the soils were subjected to sequential extraction and the metal content of the fractions were compared to bioavailability results.The bioavailable fraction of all the metals tested was variable (of total: Pb 0,1-47%; Cu 1-62%; Cd 0,5-56%). It was in all cases, however, significantly higher than the water-extractable fraction. The soil type had a major effect on the bioavailable fraction of metals. None of the fractions of sequential extraction was found to represent the bioavailable fraction of metals.The microbial sensors used in this study are a suitable tools in helping to identify the potential biological risks of the soils even when containing total concentrations are under the permitted limit values. As there are currently no regulations for the soils containing metals below the limit values the results from bioanalyses could give additional information for any decisions to be made about the risks of these soils.
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| 6. |
- Wang, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
- 2024
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Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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