↓ Direkt till sidans innehåll
↓ Direkt till sidans sekundära innehåll (sidomenyn)

Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Vivekanand Vivekanand) "

Search: WFRF:(Vivekanand Vivekanand)

Result 1-50 of 54

Sort/group result

Sort by: Hits per page:

Enumeration	Reference	Cover	Find
1.	Chawade, Aakash, 1980, et al. (author) Development and characterization of an oat TILLING-population and identification of mutations in lignin and beta-glucan biosynthesis genes 2010 In: BMC Plant Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2229. ; 10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Oat, Avena sativa is the sixth most important cereal in the world. Presently oat is mostly used as feed for animals. However, oat also has special properties that make it beneficial for human consumption and has seen a growing importance as a food crop in recent decades. Increased demand for novel oat products has also put pressure on oat breeders to produce new oat varieties with specific properties such as increased or improved beta-glucan-, antioxidant-and omega-3 fatty acid levels, as well as modified starch and protein content. To facilitate this development we have produced a TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) population of the spring oat cultivar SW Belinda. Results: Here a population of 2600 mutagenised M2 lines, producing 2550 M3 seed lots were obtained. The M2 population was initially evaluated by visual inspection and a number of different phenotypes were seen ranging from dwarfs to giants, early flowering to late flowering, leaf morphology and chlorosis. Phloroglucinol/HCl staining of M3 seeds, obtained from 1824 different M2 lines, revealed a number of potential lignin mutants. These were later confirmed by quantitative analysis. Genomic DNA was prepared from the M2 population and the mutation frequency was determined. The estimated mutation frequency was one mutation per 20 kb by RAPD-PCR fingerprinting, one mutation per 38 kb by MALDI-TOF analysis and one mutation per 22.4 kb by DNA sequencing. Thus, the overall mutation frequency in the population is estimated to be one mutation per 20-40 kb, depending on if the method used addressed the whole genome or specific genes. During the investigation, 6 different mutations in the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (AsPAL1) gene and 10 different mutations in the cellulose synthase-like (AsCslF6) beta-glucan biosynthesis gene were identified. Conclusion: The oat TILLING population produced in this work carries, on average, hundreds of mutations in every individual gene in the genome. It will therefore be an important resource in the development of oat with specific characters. The population (M5) will be available for academic research via Nordgen http://www.nordgen.org as soon as enough seeds are obtained.
2.	Mörck, Catarina, 1972, et al. (author) C. elegans ten-1 is synthetic lethal with mutations in cytoskeleton regulators, and enhances many axon guidance defective mutants. 2010 In: BMC developmental biology. - 1471-213X. ; 10 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Teneurins are transmembrane proteins that assist morphogenetic processes in many organisms. ten-1 is the C. elegans teneurin homolog with two transcripts, ten-1a and ten-1b, that respectively encode a long (TEN-1L) and short (TEN-1S) form of the protein. We previously isolated a C. elegans mutant where one pharyngeal neuron was frequently misplaced, and now show that it corresponds to a novel allele of ten-1.
3.	Vivekanand, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Identification and qualitative characterization of high and low lignin lines from an oat TILLING population 2014 In: Industrial Crops and Products. - : Elsevier BV. - 0926-6690. ; 59, s. 1-8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To identify differences in seed lignin content, 520 randomly chosen independent lines were screened in mutagenized oat population and lines with the seed lignin levels ranging from 20 to 63 gkg(-1) were identified. In the commercial variety Belinda, from which the mutated population was developed, seed lignin level was determined to be 41 g kg(-1). In Assiniboia, a Canadian low lignin variety, it was found to be 21 g kg(-1). To investigate if extracted lignin from the mutated lines were also qualitatively different from Belinda, two lines with the lowest and highest lignin levels were selected for structural analyses using XRD, UV and FT-IR spectroscopy. Results showed that there were significant qualitative differences in seed lignin in the mutated lines and in Belinda, and based on this, we predict that lignin from the mutated seeds will be more digestible in ruminant animals than Belinda seeds. This prediction was confirmed in preliminary in vitro digestion experiments. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
4.	Axfors, Cathrine, et al. (author) Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19 : a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials 2021 In: BMC Infectious Diseases. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2334. ; 21:1 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, ). Methods: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. Results: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I-2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. Conclusions: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care.
5.	Forouzanfar, Mohammad H, et al. (author) Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. 2015 In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 386:10010, s. 2287-2323 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.METHODS: Attributable deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) have been estimated for 79 risks or clusters of risks using the GBD 2010 methods. Risk-outcome pairs meeting explicit evidence criteria were assessed for 188 countries for the period 1990-2013 by age and sex using three inputs: risk exposure, relative risks, and the theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL). Risks are organised into a hierarchy with blocks of behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks at the first level of the hierarchy. The next level in the hierarchy includes nine clusters of related risks and two individual risks, with more detail provided at levels 3 and 4 of the hierarchy. Compared with GBD 2010, six new risk factors have been added: handwashing practices, occupational exposure to trichloroethylene, childhood wasting, childhood stunting, unsafe sex, and low glomerular filtration rate. For most risks, data for exposure were synthesised with a Bayesian meta-regression method, DisMod-MR 2.0, or spatial-temporal Gaussian process regression. Relative risks were based on meta-regressions of published cohort and intervention studies. Attributable burden for clusters of risks and all risks combined took into account evidence on the mediation of some risks such as high body-mass index (BMI) through other risks such as high systolic blood pressure and high cholesterol.FINDINGS: All risks combined account for 57·2% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 55·8-58·5) of deaths and 41·6% (40·1-43·0) of DALYs. Risks quantified account for 87·9% (86·5-89·3) of cardiovascular disease DALYs, ranging to a low of 0% for neonatal disorders and neglected tropical diseases and malaria. In terms of global DALYs in 2013, six risks or clusters of risks each caused more than 5% of DALYs: dietary risks accounting for 11·3 million deaths and 241·4 million DALYs, high systolic blood pressure for 10·4 million deaths and 208·1 million DALYs, child and maternal malnutrition for 1·7 million deaths and 176·9 million DALYs, tobacco smoke for 6·1 million deaths and 143·5 million DALYs, air pollution for 5·5 million deaths and 141·5 million DALYs, and high BMI for 4·4 million deaths and 134·0 million DALYs. Risk factor patterns vary across regions and countries and with time. In sub-Saharan Africa, the leading risk factors are child and maternal malnutrition, unsafe sex, and unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing. In women, in nearly all countries in the Americas, north Africa, and the Middle East, and in many other high-income countries, high BMI is the leading risk factor, with high systolic blood pressure as the leading risk in most of Central and Eastern Europe and south and east Asia. For men, high systolic blood pressure or tobacco use are the leading risks in nearly all high-income countries, in north Africa and the Middle East, Europe, and Asia. For men and women, unsafe sex is the leading risk in a corridor from Kenya to South Africa.INTERPRETATION: Behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks can explain half of global mortality and more than one-third of global DALYs providing many opportunities for prevention. Of the larger risks, the attributable burden of high BMI has increased in the past 23 years. In view of the prominence of behavioural risk factors, behavioural and social science research on interventions for these risks should be strengthened. Many prevention and primary care policy options are available now to act on key risks.FUNDING: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
6.	Frostenson, Carl Mikael, 1992, et al. (author) Hard and soft materials: Putting consistent van der Waals density functionals to work 2022 In: Electronic Structure. - : IOP Publishing. - 2516-1075. ; 4:1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We present the idea and illustrate potential benefits of having a tool chain of closely related regular, unscreened and screened hybrid exchange-correlation (XC) functionals, all within the consistent formulation of the van derWaals density functional (vdW-DF) method (Hyldgaard et al (2020 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 32 393001)). Use of this chain of nonempirical XC functionals allows us to map when the inclusion of truly nonlocal exchange and of truly nonlocal correlation is important. Here we begin the mapping by addressing hard and soft material challenges: Magnetic elements, perovskites, and biomolecular problems.We also predict the structure and polarization for a ferroelectric polymer. To facilitate this work and future broader explorations, we present a stress formulation for spin vdW-DF and illustrate the use of a simple stability-modeling scheme. The modeling supplements density functional theory (DFT) (with a specific XC functional) by asserting whether the finding of a soft mode (an imaginary-frequency vibrational mode, ubiquitous in perovskites and soft matter) implies an actual DFT-based prediction of a low-temperature transformation.
7.	Fullman, Nancy, et al. (author) Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 2018 In: The Lancet. - : Lancet Publishing Group. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 391:10136, s. 2236-2271 Journal article (peer-reviewed)
8.	Gobre, Vivekanand V., et al. (author) Theoretical Appraisal of Cyclopropenone: Aggregation and Complexes with Water 2023 In: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 127:29, s. 6071-6080 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Cyclopropenone (HCCOCH, "CPN") is an exotic quasi-aromatic cyclic carbene that abounds in the interstellar medium (ISM). Astronomical observations suggest that (i) stagnate CPN exhibits a tendency to polymerize and that (ii) interactions may occur between CPN and water that is also ubiquitous in the ISM. In this light, density functional theory investigations reveal cooperative hydrogen bonding, which leads to stable polymeric conformations of (CPN)n, tracked up to n = 14. Stable agglomerations with water, however, constitute at best only two CPN and two water molecules, signifying that while CPN exhibits remarkable cooperativity for "cohesive" clustering via hydrogen bonding, this tendency is markedly diminished for "hetero"-interactions. Multifaceted data are employed to probe cogent molecular descriptors, such as structure and energetics of various conformers, vibrational spectroscopic response, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), effective atomic charges: all these, in unison, describe the evolution of the characteristics upon cluster formation. Salient stretching frequency shifts, as well as charge redistribution gleaned from MESP morphology, have a direct bearing on variegated hydrogen bonding patterns: linear, nonlinear, as well as bifurcated. In particular, characteristic C-H, C═O stretching, and O-H vibrations in the water complexes reveal a "softening" (downshift) of frequencies. While small conformers have markedly distinct MESP variations, the differences become less pronounced with incremental clustering, an effect substantiated by corresponding emergent atomic charges.
9.	Gond, Ritambhara, et al. (author) Enabling the Electrochemical Activity in Sodium Iron Metaphosphate [NaFe(PO3)(3)] Sodium Battery Insertion Material : Structural and Electrochemical Insights 2017 In: Inorganic Chemistry. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 56:10, s. 5918-5929 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Sodium-ion batteries are widely pursued as an economic alternative to lithium-ion battery technology, where Fe- and Mn-based compounds are particularly attractive owing to their elemental abundance. Pursuing phosphate-based polyanionic chemistry, recently solid-state prepared NaFe(PO3)(3) metaphosphate was unveiled as a novel potential sodium insertion material, although it was found to be electrochemically inactive. In the current work, employing energy-savvy solution combustion synthesis, NaFe2+(PO3)(3) was produced from low-cost Fe3+ precursors. Owing to the formation of nanoscale carbon-coated product, electrochemical activity was enabled in NaFe(PO3)(3) for the first time. In congruence with the first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an Fe3+/Fe2+ redox activity centered at 2.8 V (vs Na/Na+) was observed. Further, the solid-solution metaphosphate family Na(Fe1-xMnx)(PO3)(3) (x = 0-1) was prepared for the first time. Their structure and distribution of transition metals (TM = Fe/Mn) was analyzed with synchrotron diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mossbauer spectroscopy. Synergizing experimental and computational tools, NaFe(PO3)(3) metaphosphate is presented as an electrochemically active sodium insertion host material.
10.	Granholm, Anders, et al. (author) Dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg for patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia: a pre-planned, secondary Bayesian analysis of the COVID STEROID 2 trial 2022 In: Intensive Care Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 48:1, s. 45-55 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose We compared dexamethasone 12 versus 6 mg daily for up to 10 days in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe hypoxaemia in the international, randomised, blinded COVID STEROID 2 trial. In the primary, conventional analyses, the predefined statistical significance thresholds were not reached. We conducted a pre-planned Bayesian analysis to facilitate probabilistic interpretation. Methods We analysed outcome data within 90 days in the intention-to-treat population (data available in 967 to 982 patients) using Bayesian models with various sensitivity analyses. Results are presented as median posterior probabilities with 95% credible intervals (CrIs) and probabilities of different effect sizes with 12 mg dexamethasone. Results The adjusted mean difference on days alive without life support at day 28 (primary outcome) was 1.3 days (95% CrI -0.3 to 2.9; 94.2% probability of benefit). Adjusted relative risks and probabilities of benefit on serious adverse reactions was 0.85 (0.63 to 1.16; 84.1%) and on mortality 0.87 (0.73 to 1.03; 94.8%) at day 28 and 0.88 (0.75 to 1.02; 95.1%) at day 90. Probabilities of benefit on days alive without life support and days alive out of hospital at day 90 were 85 and 95.7%, respectively. Results were largely consistent across sensitivity analyses, with relatively low probabilities of clinically important harm with 12 mg on all outcomes in all analyses. Conclusion We found high probabilities of benefit and low probabilities of clinically important harm with dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg daily in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia on all outcomes up to 90 days.
11.	Granholm, Anders, et al. (author) Higher vs Lower Doses of Dexamethasone in Patients with COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxia (COVID STEROID 2) trial: Protocol for a secondary Bayesian analysis 2021 In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 65:5, s. 702-710 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to severe hypoxic respiratory failure and death. Corticosteroids decrease mortality in severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19. However, the optimal dose remains unresolved. The ongoing randomised COVID STEROID 2 trial investigates the effects of higher vs lower doses of dexamethasone (12 vs 6 mg intravenously daily for up to 10 days) in 1,000 adult patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxia. Methods This protocol outlines the rationale and statistical methods for a secondary, pre-planned Bayesian analysis of the primary outcome (days alive without life support at day 28) and all secondary outcomes registered up to day 90. We will use hurdle-negative binomial models to estimate the mean number of days alive without life support in each group and present results as mean differences and incidence rate ratios with 95% credibility intervals (CrIs). Additional count outcomes will be analysed similarly and binary outcomes will be analysed using logistic regression models with results presented as probabilities, relative risks and risk differences with 95% CrIs. We will present probabilities of any benefit/harm, clinically important benefit/harm and probabilities of effects smaller than pre-defined clinically minimally important differences for all outcomes analysed. Analyses will be adjusted for stratification variables and conducted using weakly informative priors supplemented by sensitivity analyses using sceptic priors. Discussion This secondary, pre-planned Bayesian analysis will supplement the primary, conventional analysis and may help clinicians, researchers and policymakers interpret the results of the COVID STEROID 2 trial while avoiding arbitrarily dichotomised interpretations of the results. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04509973; EudraCT: 2020-003363-25.
12.	Granholm, Anders, et al. (author) Long-term outcomes of dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia 2022 In: Intensive Care Medicine. - : SPRINGER. - 0342-4642 .- 1432-1238. ; 48, s. 580-589 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Purpose We assessed long-term outcomes of dexamethasone 12 mg versus 6 mg given daily for up to 10 days in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe hypoxaemia. Methods We assessed 180-day mortality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using EuroQoL (EQ)-5D-5L index values and EQ visual analogue scale (VAS) in the international, stratified, blinded COVID STEROID 2 trial, which randomised 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 receiving at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation in 26 hospitals in Europe and India. In the HRQoL analyses, higher values indicated better outcomes, and deceased patients were given a score of zero. Results We obtained vital status at 180 days for 963 of 982 patients (98.1%) in the intention-to-treat population, EQ-5D-5L index value data for 922 (93.9%) and EQ VAS data for 924 (94.1%). At 180 days, 164 of 486 patients (33.7%) had died in the 12 mg group versus 184 of 477 (38.6%) in the 6 mg group [adjusted risk difference - 4.3%; 99% confidence interval (CI) - 11.7-3.0; relative risk 0.89; 0.72-1.09; P = 0.13]. The adjusted mean differences between the 12 mg and the 6 mg groups in EQ-5D-5L index values were 0.06 (99% CI - 0.01 to 0.12; P = 0.10) and in EQ VAS scores 4 (- 3 to 10; P = 0.22). Conclusion Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxaemia, dexamethasone 12 mg compared with 6 mg did not result in statistically significant improvements in mortality or HRQoL at 180 days, but the results were most compatible with benefit from the higher dose.
13.	Hyldgaard, Per, 1964, et al. (author) Screening nature of the van der Waals density functional method: A review and analysis of the many-body physics foundation 2020 In: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 32:39 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We review the screening nature and many-body physics foundation of the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method [Berland K et al 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 066501], a systematic approach to construct truly nonlocal exchange–correlation energy density functionals. To that end we define and focus on a class of consistent vdW-DF versions that adhere to the Lindhard screening logic of the full method formulation. The consistent-exchange vdW-DF-cx version [Berland K and Hyldgaard P 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 035412] and its spin extension [Thonhauser T et al 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 136402] represent the first examples of this class; in general, consistent vdW-DFs reflect a concerted expansion of a formal recast of the adiabatic-connection formula [Hyldgaard P et al 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 075148], an exponential summation of contributions to the local-field response, and the Dyson equation. We argue that the screening emphasis is essential because the exchange–correlation energy reflects an effective electrodynamics set by a long-range interaction. Two consequences are that (1) there are, in principle, no wiggle room in how one balances exchange and correlation, for example, in vdW-DF-cx, and that (2) consistent vdW-DFs have a formal structure that allows them to incorporate vertex-correction effects, at least in the case of levels that experience recoil-less interactions (for example, near the Fermi surface). We explore the extent to which the strictly nonempirical vdW-DF-cx formulation can serve as a systematic extension of the constraint-based semilocal functionals. For validation, we provide a complete survey of vdW-DF-cx performance for broad molecular processes, for the full set of 55 benchmarks in GMTKN55 [Goerigk L et al 2017 Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19 32184] and comparing to the quantum-chemistry calculations that are summarized in that paper. We also provide new vdW-DF-cx results for metal surface energies and work functions that we compare to experiment. Finally, we use the screening insight to separate the vdW-DF nonlocal-correlation term into pure-vdW-interaction and local-field-susceptibility effects and present tools to compute and map the binding signatures.
14.	Jayne, David R W, et al. (author) Glomerulonephritides. 2014 In: Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2385. ; 29 Suppl 3, s. 27-29 Conference paper (peer-reviewed)
15.	Jena, Naresh K., et al. (author) Borophane as a Benchmate of Graphene : A Potential 2D Material for Anode of Li and Na-Ion Batteries 2017 In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:19, s. 16148-16158 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Borophene, single atomic-layer sheet of boron (Science 2015, 350, 1513), is a rather new entrant into the burgeoning class of 2D materials. Borophene exhibits anisotropic metallic properties whereas its hydrogenated counterpart borophane is reported to be a gapless Dirac material lying on the same bench with the celebrated graphene. Interestingly, this transition of borophane also rendered stability to it considering the fact that borophene was synthesized under ultrahigh vacuum conditions on a metallic (Ag) substrate. On the basis of first-principles density functional theory computations, we have investigated the possibilities of borophane as a potential Li/Na-ion battery anode material. We obtained a binding energy of -2.58 (-1.08 eV) eV for Li (Na)-adatom on borophane and Bader charge analysis revealed that Li(Na) atom exists in Li+(Na+) state. Further, on binding with Li/Na, borophane exhibited metallic properties as evidenced by the electronic band structure. We found that diffusion pathways for Li/Na on the borophane surface are anisotropic with x direction being the favorable one with a barrier of 0.27 and 0.09 eV, respectively. While assessing the Li-ion anode performance, we estimated that the maximum Li content is Li0.445B2H2, which gives rises to a material with a maximum theoretical specific capacity of 504 mAh/g together with an average voltage of 0.43 V versus Li/Li+. Likewise, for Na-ion the maximum theoretical capacity and average voltage were estimated to be 504 mAh/g and 0.03 V versus Na/Na+, respectively. These findings unambiguously suggest that borophane can be a potential addition to the map of Li and Na-ion anode materials and can rival some of the recently reported 2D materials including graphene.
16.	Ji, Cheng, et al. (author) Stability of Ar(H2)2 to 358 GPa 2017 In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 114:14, s. 3596-3600 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract "Chemical precompression" through introducing impurity atoms into hydrogen has been proposed as a method to facilitate metallization of hydrogen under external pressure. Here we selected Ar(H-2)(2), a hydrogen-rich compound with molecular hydrogen, to explore the effect of "doping" on the intermolecular interaction of H-2 molecules and metallization at ultrahigh pressure. Ar(H-2)(2) was studied experimentally by synchrotron X-ray diffraction to 265 GPa, by Raman and optical absorption spectroscopy to 358 GPa, and theoretically using the density-functional theory. Our measurements of the optical bandgap and the vibron frequency show that Ar(H-2)(2) retains 2-eV bandgap and H-2 molecular units up to 358 GPa. This is attributed to reduced intermolecular interactions between H-2 molecules in Ar(H-2)(2) compared with that in solid H-2. A splitting of the molecular vibron mode above 216 GPa suggests an orientational ordering transition, which is not accompanied by a change in lattice symmetry. The experimental and theoretical equations of state of Ar(H-2)(2) provide direct insight into the structure and bonding of this hydrogen-rich system, suggesting a negative chemical pressure on H-2 molecules brought about by doping of Ar.
17.	Kasiske, Bertram L., et al. (author) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the care of kidney transplant recipients: a summary 2010 In: Kidney International. - : Elsevier BV. - 1523-1755 .- 0085-2538. ; 77:4, s. 299-311 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The 2009 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline on the monitoring, management, and treatment of kidney transplant recipients is intended to assist the practitioner caring for adults and children after kidney transplantation. The guideline development process followed an evidence-based approach, and management recommendations are based on systematic reviews of relevant treatment trials. Critical appraisal of the quality of the evidence and the strength of recommendations followed the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The guideline makes recommendations for immunosuppression and graft monitoring, as well as prevention and treatment of infection, cardiovascular disease, malignancy, and other complications that are common in kidney transplant recipients, including hematological and bone disorders. Limitations of the evidence, especially the lack of definitive clinical outcome trials, are discussed and suggestions are provided for future research. This summary includes a brief description of methodology and the complete guideline recommendations but does not include the rationale and references for each recommendation, which are published elsewhere. Kidney International (2010) 77, 299-311; doi: 10.1038/ki.2009.377; published online 21 October 2009
18.	Kassebaum, Nicholas J., et al. (author) Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 315 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE), 1990-2015 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 2016 In: The Lancet. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 388:10053, s. 1603-1658 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Healthy life expectancy (HALE) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) provide summary measures of health across geographies and time that can inform assessments of epidemiological patterns and health system performance, help to prioritise investments in research and development, and monitor progress toward the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We aimed to provide updated HALE and DALYs for geographies worldwide and evaluate how disease burden changes with development. Methods We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015) for all-cause mortality, cause-specific mortality, and non-fatal disease burden to derive HALE and DALYs by sex for 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2015. We calculated DALYs by summing years of life lost (YLLs) and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for each geography, age group, sex, and year. We estimated HALE using the Sullivan method, which draws from age-specific death rates and YLDs per capita. We then assessed how observed levels of DALYs and HALE differed from expected trends calculated with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator constructed from measures of income per capita, average years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Findings Total global DALYs remained largely unchanged from 1990 to 2015, with decreases in communicable, neonatal, maternal, and nutritional (Group 1) disease DALYs off set by increased DALYs due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Much of this epidemiological transition was caused by changes in population growth and ageing, but it was accelerated by widespread improvements in SDI that also correlated strongly with the increasing importance of NCDs. Both total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rates due to most Group 1 causes significantly decreased by 2015, and although total burden climbed for the majority of NCDs, age-standardised DALY rates due to NCDs declined. Nonetheless, age-standardised DALY rates due to several high-burden NCDs (including osteoarthritis, drug use disorders, depression, diabetes, congenital birth defects, and skin, oral, and sense organ diseases) either increased or remained unchanged, leading to increases in their relative ranking in many geographies. From 2005 to 2015, HALE at birth increased by an average of 2.9 years (95% uncertainty interval 2.9-3.0) for men and 3.5 years (3.4-3.7) for women, while HALE at age 65 years improved by 0.85 years (0.78-0.92) and 1.2 years (1.1-1.3), respectively. Rising SDI was associated with consistently higher HALE and a somewhat smaller proportion of life spent with functional health loss; however, rising SDI was related to increases in total disability. Many countries and territories in central America and eastern sub-Saharan Africa had increasingly lower rates of disease burden than expected given their SDI. At the same time, a subset of geographies recorded a growing gap between observed and expected levels of DALYs, a trend driven mainly by rising burden due to war, interpersonal violence, and various NCDs. Interpretation Health is improving globally, but this means more populations are spending more time with functional health loss, an absolute expansion of morbidity. The proportion of life spent in ill health decreases somewhat with increasing SDI, a relative compression of morbidity, which supports continued efforts to elevate personal income, improve education, and limit fertility. Our analysis of DALYs and HALE and their relationship to SDI represents a robust framework on which to benchmark geography-specific health performance and SDG progress. Country-specific drivers of disease burden, particularly for causes with higher-than-expected DALYs, should inform financial and research investments, prevention efforts, health policies, and health system improvement initiatives for all countries along the development continuum.
19.	Khossossi, Nabil, et al. (author) Exploring the Possibility of beta-Phase Arsenic-Phosphorus Polymorph Monolayer as Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries 2020 In: Advanced Theory and Simulations. - : Wiley-VCH Verlag. - 2513-0390. ; 3:8 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Graphite anode have shown commercial success for over two decades, since the start of their use in commercial Li-ion batteries, due to their high practical specific capacity, conductivity, and low lithiation potential. Graphite is to a large extent thermodynamically unfavorable for sodium-ion intercalation and thus limits advancement in Na-ion batteries. In this work, a beta-phase arsenic-phosphorus monolayer is studied, which has recently been predicted to have semiconducting behavior and to be dynamically stable. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory are used to explore the role of beta-AsP monolayer as a negative electrode for Na-ion batteries. Cohesive energy, phonon spectrum, and molecule dynamics simulations confirm the thermodynamic stability and the possibility of experimentally synthesizing this material. The Na-ion adsorption-energies are found to be high (>-1.2 eV) on both sides (As- and P-side). The ultra-fast energy barriers for Na (0.046/0.053 V) over both sides imply high diffusion of Na-ions on the surfaces of beta-AsP. During the evaluation of Na-ion anode performance, the fully sodiated state is found to be Na2AsP, which yields a high theoretical-specific capacity of 506.16 mAh g(-1)and low average sodiation potential of 0.43 V versus Na/Na+.
20.	Khossossi, Nabil, et al. (author) Rational Design of 2D h-BAs Monolayer as Advanced Sulfur Host for High Energy Density Li-S Batteries 2020 In: ACS Applied Energy Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2574-0962. ; 3:8, s. 7306-7317 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The emergence of compact lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries with improved performances is becoming one of the most desirable aspects of future energy technologies. Beyond Li-ion batteries, Li-S is of great relevance to follow as it adapts to the specificity of each application. It is among the most suitable elements for high-performance energy storage systems, given its high theoretical capacity (1674 mA h g(-1)) and energy density (2600 W h kg(-1)) relative to Li-ion batteries (300 W h kg(-1)). Nevertheless, the high-cell polarization and the shuttle effect constitute an enormous challenge toward the concrete applications of Li-S batteries. In the framework of this work, density functional theory calculations have been carried out to analyze the potential of h-BAs nanosheets as a promising host material for Li-S batteries. Binding and electronic characteristics of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) adsorbed on h-BAs surface have been explored. Reported findings highlight the potential of the hBAs monolayer as a moderate host material, given that the binding energies of different LiPSs vary from 0.47 to 3.55 eV. More detailed analysis of the complex binding mechanisms is carried out by investigating the components of van der Waals physical/chemical interactions. The defected surface of the h-BAs monolayer has optimum binding energies with LiPSs for Li-S batteries. All these findings provide valuable insights into the binding and electronic characteristics of the h-BAs monolayer as a moderate host material for Li-S batteries.
21.	Lozano, Rafael, et al. (author) Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 In: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
22.	Munch, Marie W., et al. (author) Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial 2021 In: Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA). - : AMER MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0098-7484 .- 1538-3598. ; 326:18, s. 1807-1817 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Question What is the effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of dexamethasone on the number of days alive without life support at 28 days in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia? Findings In this randomized trial that included 1000 patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, treatment with 12 mg/d of dexamethasone resulted in 22.0 days alive without life support at 28 days compared with 20.5 days in those receiving 6 mg/d of dexamethasone. This difference was not statistically significant. Meaning Compared with 6 mg of dexamethasone, 12 mg of dexamethasone did not statistically significantly reduce the number of days alive without life support at 28 days. This multicenter randomized clinical trial compares the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. IMPORTANCE A daily dose with 6 mg of dexamethasone is recommended for up to 10 days in patients with severe and critical COVID-19, but a higher dose may benefit those with more severe disease. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of 12 mg/d vs 6 mg/d of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial was conducted between August 2020 and May 2021 at 26 hospitals in Europe and India and included 1000 adults with confirmed COVID-19 requiring at least 10 L/min of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. End of 90-day follow-up was on August 19, 2021. INTERVENTIONS Patients were randomized 1:1 to 12 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 503) or 6 mg/d of intravenous dexamethasone (n = 497) for up to 10 days. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the number of days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support, or kidney replacement therapy) at 28 days and was adjusted for stratification variables. Of the 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 5 are included in this analysis (the number of days alive without life support at 90 days, the number of days alive out of the hospital at 90 days, mortality at 28 days and at 90 days, and >= 1 serious adverse reactions at 28 days). RESULTS Of the 1000 randomized patients, 982 were included (median age, 65 [IQR, 55-73] years; 305 [31%] women) and primary outcome data were available for 971 (491 in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 480 in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group). The median number of days alive without life support was 22.0 days (IQR, 6.0-28.0 days) in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group and 20.5 days (IQR, 4.0-28.0 days) in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted mean difference, 1.3 days [95% CI, 0-2.6 days]; P = .07). Mortality at 28 days was 27.1% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 32.3% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.86 [99% CI, 0.68-1.08]). Mortality at 90 days was 32.0% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 37.7% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.87 [99% CI, 0.70-1.07]). Serious adverse reactions, including septic shock and invasive fungal infections, occurred in 11.3% in the 12 mg of dexamethasone group vs 13.4% in the 6 mg of dexamethasone group (adjusted relative risk, 0.83 [99% CI, 0.54-1.29]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxemia, 12 mg/d of dexamethasone compared with 6 mg/d of dexamethasone did not result in statistically significantly more days alive without life support at 28 days. However, the trial may have been underpowered to identify a significant difference.
23.	Munch, Marie Warrer, et al. (author) Higher vs lower doses of dexamethasone in patients with COVID-19 and severe hypoxia (COVID STEROID 2) trial : Protocol and statistical analysis plan 2021 In: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 65:6, s. 834-845 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in millions of deaths and overburdened healthcare systems worldwide. Systemic low-dose corticosteroids have proven clinical benefit in patients with severe COVID-19. Higher doses of corticosteroids are used in other inflammatory lung diseases and may offer additional clinical benefits in COVID-19. At present, the balance between benefits and harms of higher vs. lower doses of corticosteroids for patients with COVID-19 is unclear. Methods The COVID STEROID 2 trial is an investigator-initiated, international, parallel-grouped, blinded, centrally randomised and stratified clinical trial assessing higher (12 mg) vs. lower (6 mg) doses of dexamethasone for adults with COVID-19 and severe hypoxia. We plan to enrol 1,000 patients in Denmark, Sweden, Switzerland and India. The primary outcome is days alive without life support (invasive mechanical ventilation, circulatory support or renal replacement therapy) at day 28. Secondary outcomes include serious adverse reactions at day 28; all-cause mortality at day 28, 90 and 180; days alive without life support at day 90; days alive and out of hospital at day 90; and health-related quality of life at day 180. The primary outcome will be analysed using the Kryger Jensen and Lange test adjusted for stratification variables and reported as adjusted mean differences and median differences. The full statistical analysis plan is outlined in this protocol. Discussion The COVID STEROID 2 trial will provide evidence on the optimal dosing of systemic corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with severe hypoxia with important implications for patients, their relatives and society.
24.	Murray, Christopher J. L., et al. (author) Population and fertility by age and sex for 195 countries and territories, 1950–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1995-2051 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background: Population estimates underpin demographic and epidemiological research and are used to track progress on numerous international indicators of health and development. To date, internationally available estimates of population and fertility, although useful, have not been produced with transparent and replicable methods and do not use standardised estimates of mortality. We present single-calendar year and single-year of age estimates of fertility and population by sex with standardised and replicable methods. Methods: We estimated population in 195 locations by single year of age and single calendar year from 1950 to 2017 with standardised and replicable methods. We based the estimates on the demographic balancing equation, with inputs of fertility, mortality, population, and migration data. Fertility data came from 7817 location-years of vital registration data, 429 surveys reporting complete birth histories, and 977 surveys and censuses reporting summary birth histories. We estimated age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs; the annual number of livebirths to women of a specified age group per 1000 women in that age group) by use of spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression and used the ASFRs to estimate total fertility rates (TFRs; the average number of children a woman would bear if she survived through the end of the reproductive age span [age 10–54 years] and experienced at each age a particular set of ASFRs observed in the year of interest). Because of sparse data, fertility at ages 10–14 years and 50–54 years was estimated from data on fertility in women aged 15–19 years and 45–49 years, through use of linear regression. Age-specific mortality data came from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 estimates. Data on population came from 1257 censuses and 761 population registry location-years and were adjusted for underenumeration and age misreporting with standard demographic methods. Migration was estimated with the GBD Bayesian demographic balancing model, after incorporating information about refugee migration into the model prior. Final population estimates used the cohort-component method of population projection, with inputs of fertility, mortality, and migration data. Population uncertainty was estimated by use of out-of-sample predictive validity testing. With these data, we estimated the trends in population by age and sex and in fertility by age between 1950 and 2017 in 195 countries and territories. Findings: From 1950 to 2017, TFRs decreased by 49·4% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 46·4–52·0). The TFR decreased from 4·7 livebirths (4·5–4·9) to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·5), and the ASFR of mothers aged 10–19 years decreased from 37 livebirths (34–40) to 22 livebirths (19–24) per 1000 women. Despite reductions in the TFR, the global population has been increasing by an average of 83·8 million people per year since 1985. The global population increased by 197·2% (193·3–200·8) since 1950, from 2·6 billion (2·5–2·6) to 7·6 billion (7·4–7·9) people in 2017; much of this increase was in the proportion of the global population in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The global annual rate of population growth increased between 1950 and 1964, when it peaked at 2·0%; this rate then remained nearly constant until 1970 and then decreased to 1·1% in 2017. Population growth rates in the southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania GBD super-region decreased from 2·5% in 1963 to 0·7% in 2017, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa, population growth rates were almost at the highest reported levels ever in 2017, when they were at 2·7%. The global average age increased from 26·6 years in 1950 to 32·1 years in 2017, and the proportion of the population that is of working age (age 15–64 years) increased from 59·9% to 65·3%. At the national level, the TFR decreased in all countries and territories between 1950 and 2017; in 2017, TFRs ranged from a low of 1·0 livebirths (95% UI 0·9–1·2) in Cyprus to a high of 7·1 livebirths (6·8–7·4) in Niger. The TFR under age 25 years (TFU25; number of livebirths expected by age 25 years for a hypothetical woman who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) in 2017 ranged from 0·08 livebirths (0·07–0·09) in South Korea to 2·4 livebirths (2·2–2·6) in Niger, and the TFR over age 30 years (TFO30; number of livebirths expected for a hypothetical woman ageing from 30 to 54 years who survived the age group and was exposed to current ASFRs) ranged from a low of 0·3 livebirths (0·3–0·4) in Puerto Rico to a high of 3·1 livebirths (3·0–3·2) in Niger. TFO30 was higher than TFU25 in 145 countries and territories in 2017. 33 countries had a negative population growth rate from 2010 to 2017, most of which were located in central, eastern, and western Europe, whereas population growth rates of more than 2·0% were seen in 33 of 46 countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In 2017, less than 65% of the national population was of working age in 12 of 34 high-income countries, and less than 50% of the national population was of working age in Mali, Chad, and Niger. Interpretation: Population trends create demographic dividends and headwinds (ie, economic benefits and detriments) that affect national economies and determine national planning needs. Although TFRs are decreasing, the global population continues to grow as mortality declines, with diverse patterns at the national level and across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to provide transparent and replicable estimates of population and fertility, which can be used to inform decision making and to monitor progress. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
25.	Naghavi, Mohsen, et al. (author) Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 2015 In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 385:9963, s. 117-171 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Up-to-date evidence on levels and trends for age-sex-specifi c all-cause and cause-specifi c mortality is essential for the formation of global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) we estimated yearly deaths for 188 countries between 1990, and 2013. We used the results to assess whether there is epidemiological convergence across countries. Methods We estimated age-sex-specifi c all-cause mortality using the GBD 2010 methods with some refinements to improve accuracy applied to an updated database of vital registration, survey, and census data. We generally estimated cause of death as in the GBD 2010. Key improvements included the addition of more recent vital registration data for 72 countries, an updated verbal autopsy literature review, two new and detailed data systems for China, and more detail for Mexico, UK, Turkey, and Russia. We improved statistical models for garbage code redistribution. We used six different modelling strategies across the 240 causes; cause of death ensemble modelling (CODEm) was the dominant strategy for causes with sufficient information. Trends for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias were informed by meta-regression of prevalence studies. For pathogen-specifi c causes of diarrhoea and lower respiratory infections we used a counterfactual approach. We computed two measures of convergence (inequality) across countries: the average relative difference across all pairs of countries (Gini coefficient) and the average absolute difference across countries. To summarise broad findings, we used multiple decrement life-tables to decompose probabilities of death from birth to exact age 15 years, from exact age 15 years to exact age 50 years, and from exact age 50 years to exact age 75 years, and life expectancy at birth into major causes. For all quantities reported, we computed 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). We constrained cause-specific fractions within each age-sex-country-year group to sum to all-cause mortality based on draws from the uncertainty distributions. Findings Global life expectancy for both sexes increased from 65.3 years (UI 65.0-65.6) in 1990, to 71.5 years (UI 71.0-71.9) in 2013, while the number of deaths increased from 47.5 million (UI 46.8-48.2) to 54.9 million (UI 53.6-56.3) over the same interval. Global progress masked variation by age and sex: for children, average absolute diff erences between countries decreased but relative diff erences increased. For women aged 25-39 years and older than 75 years and for men aged 20-49 years and 65 years and older, both absolute and relative diff erences increased. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the prominent role of reductions in age-standardised death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers in high-income regions, and reductions in child deaths from diarrhoea, lower respiratory infections, and neonatal causes in low-income regions. HIV/AIDS reduced life expectancy in southern sub-Saharan Africa. For most communicable causes of death both numbers of deaths and age-standardised death rates fell whereas for most non-communicable causes, demographic shifts have increased numbers of deaths but decreased age-standardised death rates. Global deaths from injury increased by 10.7%, from 4.3 million deaths in 1990 to 4.8 million in 2013; but age-standardised rates declined over the same period by 21%. For some causes of more than 100 000 deaths per year in 2013, age-standardised death rates increased between 1990 and 2013, including HIV/AIDS, pancreatic cancer, atrial fibrillation and flutter, drug use disorders, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and sickle-cell anaemias. Diarrhoeal diseases, lower respiratory infections, neonatal causes, and malaria are still in the top five causes of death in children younger than 5 years. The most important pathogens are rotavirus for diarrhoea and pneumococcus for lower respiratory infections. Country-specific probabilities of death over three phases of life were substantially varied between and within regions. Interpretation For most countries, the general pattern of reductions in age-sex specifi c mortality has been associated with a progressive shift towards a larger share of the remaining deaths caused by non-communicable disease and injuries. Assessing epidemiological convergence across countries depends on whether an absolute or relative measure of inequality is used. Nevertheless, age-standardised death rates for seven substantial causes are increasing, suggesting the potential for reversals in some countries. Important gaps exist in the empirical data for cause of death estimates for some countries; for example, no national data for India are available for the past decade.
26.	Naqvi, Syeda Rabab, et al. (author) Exploring two-dimensional M2NS2 (M = Ti, V) MXenes based gas sensors for air pollutants 2020 In: Applied Materials Today. - : Elsevier. - 2352-9407. ; 19 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Albeit a very recent development, Mxenes have offered numerous potential avenues for researchers from physics, chemistry and materials science. Here in, we have explored S-terminated M2N (M = Ti, V) MXenes, which are one of the lightest and thinnest members of the MXene family, for gas sensing applications. We performed spin-polarized DFT calculations with vdW correction to investigate the sensing propensity of several gases such as CH4, CO, CO2, NH3, NO, NO2, H2S, and SO2 on M2NS2 sheets. The adsorption kinetics, charge transfer, electronic density of states (DOS) and electronic transport behaviors are investigated in relation to M2NS2 Mxene based nanoscale gas sensor. Among all the gases under consideration, NO, and NO2 exhibit superior sensitivity towards 2D nitride MXenes. Charge transfer analysis reveals that the considerable quantity of charge is transferred from NO, and NO2 gas molecules to Ti2NS2 and V2NS2 MXene sheets, respectively. Spin-polarized DOS reveals that pristine non-magnetic nitride Mxenes transform to magnetic systems upon NO and NO2 adsorption. By computing the electronic transport properties in the form of I–V characteristics for adsorbed gases on M2NS2 and comparing it against the pristine Mxene sheets, distinct changes in I–V relationships can be identified which further substantiate the promising role of Mxenes for gas sensing applications.
27.	Pareek, Nidhi, et al. (author) Chitin deacetylase : characteristic molecular features and functional aspects 2013 In: Advances in enzyme biotechnology. - New Delhi : Springer India. - 9788132210948 - 9788132210931 - 9788132228745 ; , s. 125-136 Book chapter (peer-reviewed)abstract Chitosan has a broad and impressive array of applications in diverse industrial sectors, like pharmaceutics (drug delivery), gene delivery, tissue engineering, food and cosmetics industry, water treatment, and agriculture. To date, majority of the chitosan is produced from thermo-alkaline deacetylation of chitin from crustacean shells. The process is incompatible as it leads to variability in the product properties, increased cost of production, and environmental concerns. Functional properties and in turn industrial applicability of chitosan depend on its degree of deacetylation; hence, a controlled biological process needs to be developed so as to realize the commercial value of the product. Chitin deacetylase (CDA) is the key enzyme employed for bioconversion of chitin to chitosan. It catalyzes deacetylation of N -acetyl- d -glucosamine residues under mild reaction conditions and results into production of novel superior-quality chitosan. The enzyme-aided production is a vital step towards the chitosan production in the green chemistry realm as the chemical process is engraved with a number of limitations and bottlenecks. Apart from being used in bioconversion reactions, CDA has a number of biological roles, namely, formation of spore wall in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and vegetative cell wall in Cryptococcus neoformans, responsible for pathogenesis of plant pathogenic fungi, and utilization of chitin in marine ecosystems.
28.	Prasongkit, Jariyanee, 1981-, et al. (author) Ultrahigh-sensitive gas sensors based on doped phosphorene : A first-principles investigation 2019 In: Applied Surface Science. - : ELSEVIER. - 0169-4332 .- 1873-5584. ; 497 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recent significant advancements have been made in demonstrating the usage of phosphorene to detect the presence of gases leading to a new breed of gas sensor device. Based on pristine phosphorene, the devices can detect a small concentration of adsorbed molecules with high sensitivity at room temperature. In this work, we propose doping silicon and sulfur impurity atoms into phosphorene to drastically improve its gas sensing performance. We use a combination of density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function method to evaluate the sensitivity and selectivity of doped phosphorene nanosensors for four gases (NO, NO2, NH3, and CO). Both devices demonstrate a prominent distinction in conductance when the gas molecules are exposed to the sensor surface. We suggest the doped phosphorene may present advantages over the device based purely on phosphorene due to the ability to discriminate different gases controlled by types of dopants.
29.	Shukla, Vivekanand, 1988, et al. (author) Accurate Nonempirical Range-Separated Hybrid van der Waals Density Functional for Complex Molecular Problems, Solids, and Surfaces 2022 In: Physical Review X. - 2160-3308. ; 12:4 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We introduce a new, general-purpose, range-separated hybrid van der Waals density functional termed vdW-DF2-ahbr within the nonempirical vdW-DF method [Hyldgaard, et al. J. Phys. Condens. Matter 32, 393001 (2020)]. It combines a correlation from vdW-DF2 with a screened Fock exchange that is fixed by a new model of exchange effects in the density-explicit vdW-DF-b86r or rev-vdW-DF2 functional [Hamada, Phys. Rev. B 89, 121103(R) (2014)]. The new vdW-DF2-ahbr prevents spurious exchange binding and has a small-density-gradient form set from many-body perturbation analysis. It is accurate for bulk as well as layered materials, and it systematically and significantly improves the performance of the present vdW-DFs for molecular problems. Importantly, vdW-DF2-ahbr also outperforms present-standard (dispersion-corrected) range-separated hybrids on a broad collection of noncovalent-interaction benchmark sets, while at the same time successfully mitigating the density-driven errors that often affect the description of molecular transition states and isomerization calculations. vdW-DF2-ahbr furthermore improves on state-of-the-art density-functional-theory approaches by succeeding at challenging problems. For example, it (1) correctly predicts both the substrate structure and the site preference for CO adsorption on Pt(111), (2) it outperforms existing nonempirical vdW-DFs for the description of CO2 adsorption in both a functionalized and in a simple metal-organic framework, and (3) it is highly accurate for the set of base-pair interactions in a model of DNA assembly.
30.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Borophene's tryst with stability : Exploring 2D hydrogen boride as an electrode for rechargeable batteries 2018 In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 20:34, s. 22008-22016 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Graphene's emergence can be viewed as a positive upheaval in 2D materials research. Along the same line, the realization of a related elemental 2D material, borophene, is another breakthrough. To circumvent the stability issues of borophene, which is reported to have been synthesized on metallic substrates under extreme conditions, hydrogenation of borophene (otherwise called as borophane or hydrogen boride or boron hydride) has been a plausible solution, but only proposed computationally. A recent report (H. Nishino, T. Fujita, N. T. Cuong, S. Tominaka, M. Miyauchi, S. Iimura, A. Hirata, N. Umezawa, S. Okada, E. Nishibori, A. Fujino, T. Fujimori, S. Ito, J. Nakamura, H. Hosono and T. Kondo, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2017, 139(39), 13761-13769) brings to fore its experimental realization. Our current study delves into the possibilities of employing this intriguing 2D hydrogen boride as anodes in Li/Na ion batteries. Using first-principles density functional theory methods, we computed relevant properties such as the ion (Li/Na) adsorption behavior, the possible pathways of ionic diffusion with the estimation of barriers as well as the theoretical specific capacities and average voltages to uniquely demonstrate that this material is of particular significance for battery applications. It is noted that the use of hydrogen boride leads to a high specific capacity of 861.78 mA h g-1 for Li ions, which is remarkably higher than the value reported in relation to its computationally predicted structure. Furthermore, Na ion intercalation leads to negative voltage profiles, implying the unsuitability of 2D hydrogen boride for this particular ion. Our findings are timely and pertinent towards adding insightful details relevant to the progress of applications of 2D materials for energy storage.
31.	Shukla, Vivekanand (author) Computational Studies of 2D Materials : Application to Energy Storage and Electron Transport in Nanoscale Devices 2019 Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract The field of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials provides a new platform for studying diverse physical phenomena that are scientifically interesting and relevant for technological applications. Novel applications in electronics and energy storage harness the unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of 2D materials for design of crucial components. Atomically thin, with large surface to volume ratio, these materials are attractive for broad applications for hydrogen storage, sensing, batteries and photo-catalysis. Theoretical predictions from atomically resolved computational simulations of 2D materials play a pivotal role in designing and advancing these developments.The central topic of this thesis is 2D materials studied using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green’s function. The electronic structure and transport properties are discussed for several synthesized and predicted 2D materials, with diverse potential applications in nanoscale electronic devices, gas sensing, and electrodes for rechargeable batteries. Lateral and vertical heterostructures have been studied for applications in nanoscale devices such as graphene/hBN heterostructure nanogap for a potential DNA sequencing device, while in case of twisted bilayer black phosphorus nanojunction, where electronic and transport properties have been explored for diode-like characteristics device. We also have addressed the structural, electronic and transport properties of the recently synthesized polymorphs of 2D borons known as borophenes. We have explored the conventional methods of tuning the material’s properties such as strain in borophene and substitutional doping in black phosphorus with the further investigation of their gas sensing application.A significant portion of this thesis is also dedicated to the energy storage applications of different 2D materials. Energy storage technologies arise with vital importance in providing effective ways to transport and commercialize the produced energy, aiming at rechargeable batteries with high energy and power density. In this context, first-principles simulations have been applied together with other theoretical tools to evaluate structural properties, ion intercalation kinetics, specific capacity and open circuit voltage of selected 2D materials at the atomic level. The simulation study supports the understanding while improving the properties of the materials to increase their efficiency in battery operation.
32.	Shukla, Vivekanand, 1988-, et al. (author) Electronic and Transport Properties of Bilayer Phosphorene Nanojunction : Effect of Paired Substitution Doping 2021 In: ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2637-6113. ; 3:2, s. 733-742 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Electron transport in bilayer phosphorene is studied using the first-principles and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. We have explored the interlayer properties of a vertically stacked bilayer structure with paired substitutional doping. The electron transport properties are calculated in bilayer phosphorene and compared with substitutional doping, which shows the tunable anisotropic nature of doped phosphorene in the I-V characteristics. Further, to understand the role played by dopants, the quantum transport properties of monolayer-bilayer monolayer (ML-BL-ML) nanojunction are studied with and without dopants. The interlayer direction-dependent current characteristics are discussed in different setups. This suggests that the dopants play a crucial role in the interlayer current and further provided rectifying behavior in the zigzag direction. Fano resonance is also observed as an effect that arises from the hydrogen-terminated edges interacting with the second layer. Our study demonstrates significant tuning of the electronic transport properties of the bilayer phosphorene implying its potential application in electronic devices.
33.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Modelling high-performing batteries with Mxenes : The case of S-functionalized two-dimensional nitride Mxene electrode 2019 In: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 58, s. 877-885 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recent upsurge in the two-dimensional (2D) materials have established their larger role on energy storage applications. To this end, Mxene represent a new paradigm extending beyond the realm of oft-explored elemental 2D materials beginning with graphene. Here in, we employed first principles modelling based on density functional theory to investigate the role of S-functionalized Nitride Mxenes as anodes for Li/Na ion batteries. To be specific, V 2 NS 2 and Ti 2 NS 2 have been explored with a focus on computing meaningful descriptors to quantify these 2D materials to be optimally performing electrodes. The Li/Na ion adsorption energies are found to be high (>-2 eV) on both the surfaces and associated with significant charge transfer. Interestingly, this ion intercalation can reach up to multilayers which essentially affords higher specific capacity for the substrate. Particularly, these two 2D materials (V 2 NS 2 and Ti 2 NS 2 ) have been found to be more suitable for Li-ion batteries with estimated theoretical capacities of 299.52 mAh g −1 and 308.28 mAh g −1 respectively. We have also probed the diffusion barriers of ion migration on these two surfaces and these are found to be ultrafast in nature. All these unique features qualify these Mxenes to be potential anode materials for rechargeable batteries and likely to draw imminent attention.
34.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Prospects of Graphene-hBN Heterostructure Nanogap for DNA Sequencing 2017 In: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 9:46, s. 39945-39952 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recent advances in solid-state nano-device-based DNA sequencing are at the helm of the development of a new paradigm, commonly referred to as personalized medicines. Paying heed to a timely need for standardizing robust nanodevices for cheap, fast, and scalable DNA detection, in this article, the nanogap formed by the lateral heterostructure of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is explored as a potential architecture. These heterostructures have been realized experimentally, and our study boasts the idea that the passivation of the edge of the graphene electrode with hBN will solve many of practical problems, such as high reactivity of the graphene edge and difficulty in controlled engineering of the graphene edge structure, while retaining the nanogap setup as a useful nanodevice for sensing applications. Employing first-principle density-functional-theory-based nonequilibrium Greens function methods, we identify that the DNA building blocks, nucleobases, uniquely couple with the states of the nanogap, and the resulting induced states can be attributed as leaving a fingerprint of the DNA sequence in the computed current-voltage (I-V) characteristic. Two bias windows are put forward: lower (1-1.2 V) and higher (2.7-3 V), where unique identification of all four bases is possible from the current traces, although higher sensitivity is obtained at the higher voltage window. Our study can be a practical guide for experimentalists toward development of a nanodevice DNA sensor based on graphene-hBN heterostructures.
35.	Shukla, Vivekanand, 1988-, et al. (author) Rectifying behavior in twisted bilayer black phosphorus nanojunctions mediated through intrinsic anisotropy 2020 In: Nanoscale Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2516-0230. ; 2:4, s. 1493-1501 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We explore the possibility of using van der Waals bonded heterostructures of stacked together 2D bilayer black phosphorus (BP) for nanoscale device applications. The electronic properties of BP in AA stacking and 90 degrees twisted are studied with density functional theory. Furthermore, we study the homogeneous nanojunction architecture of BP to use its anisotropic properties. Using the first principles simulations along with the NEGF approach, we calculate the quantum transport properties of the nanojunction setup. The interlayer direction dependent current characteristics are explained in different setups. Our result revealed that the 90 degrees twisted nanojunction device would be a potential rectifier despite having no p-n junction characteristics only due to the intrinsic anisotropy of the material, making tunneling between armchair- and zigzag-directional BP sheets asymmetric.
36.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Rectifying properties in 90º rotated bilayer black phosphorus nanojunction: A first principle study Other publication (other academic/artistic)
37.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Strain controlled electronic and transport anisotropies in two-dimensional borophene sheets 2018 In: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 20:35, s. 22952-22960 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Two recent reports on realization of an elemental 2D analogue of graphene:borophene (Science, 2015, 350, 1513-1516; Nat. Chem., 2016, 8, 563-568) focus on the inherent anisotropy and directional dependence of the electronic properties of borophene polymorphs. Achieving stable 2D borophene structures may lead to some degree of strain in the system because of the substrate-lattice mismatch. We use first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study the structural, electronic and transport properties of (12) and -borophene polymorphs. We verified the directional dependency and found the tunable anisotropic behavior of the transport properties in these two polymorphs. We find that strain as low as 6% brings remarkable changes in the properties of these two structures. We further investigate current-voltage (I-V) characteristics in the low bias regime after applying a strain to see how the anisotropy of the current is affected. Such observations like the sizeable tuning of transport and I-V characteristics at the expense of minimal strain suggest the suitability of 2D borophene for futuristic device applications.
38.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) The curious case of two dimensional Si2BN : A high-capacity battery anode material 2017 In: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 41, s. 251-260 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The ubiquity of silicon in the semiconductor industry and its unique charge transport features has consistently fueled interest in this element and recent realization 2D silicene is a new feather in its cap. In what could be considered as opening up the Pandora's box with many possible virtues, buckled silicene, planar graphene and a host of other newly discovered 2D materials have redefined a whole new paradigm of research. To this end, the quest for new 2D materials and finding potential applications, particularly to the realm of energy storage, is a curiosity driven task. From first principle density functional theory studies, a newly reported graphene like 2D material Si2BN is investigated as a probable anode material for Li and Na ion batteries. In contrast to pristine silicene, which is inherently buckled, the material Si2BN is planar. However, an interesting transition from planar to buckled structure takes place upon subsequent adsorption of Li and Na ions. Concomitantly, this transition is associated with superior specific capacity (1158.5 and 993.0 mA h/g respectively for Li and Na) which is significantly higher than several other 2D analogues. Furthermore, the substrate Si2BN regains the planar structure on subsequent desorption of ions and stability of the material remains intact, as evidenced from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. As we delve deep into the electronic structure and compute the diffusion pathways and barriers, it is observed that the ionic diffusion is very fast with significantly lesser barrier heights, particularly for Na-ion. These findings suggest that for the 2D Si2BN, there is no diminution in order to be a potential anode material for Li and Na ion batteries.
39.	Shukla, Vivekanand, et al. (author) Toward the Realization of 2D Borophene Based Gas Sensor 2017 In: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:48, s. 26869-26876 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract To the league of rapidly expanding 2D materials, borophene is a recent addition. Herein, a combination of ab initio density functional theory (DFT) and nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) based methods is used to estimate the prospects of this promising elemental 2D material for gas sensing applications. We note that the binding of target gas molecules such as CO, NO, NO2, NH3, and CO2 is quite strong on the borophene surface. Interestingly, our computed binding energies are far stronger than several other reported 2D materials like graphene, MoS2, and phosphorene. Further rationalization of stronger binding is made with the help of charge transfer analysis. The sensitivity of the borophene for these gases is also interpreted in terms of computing the vibrational spectra of the adsorbed gases on top of borophene, which show dramatic shift from their gas phase reference values. The metallic nature of borophene enables us to devise a setup considering the same substrate as electrodes. From the computation of the transmission function of system (gas + borophene), appreciable changes in the transmission functions are noted compared to pristine borophene surface. The measurements of current-voltage (I-V) characteristics unambiguously demonstrate the presence and absence of gas molecules (acting as ON and OFF states), strengthening the plausibility of a borophene based gas sensing device. As we extol the extraordinary sensitivity of borophene, we assert that this elemental 2D material is likely to attract subsequent interest.
40.	Shukla, Vivekanand, 1988, et al. (author) VdW-DF-ahcx: A range-separated van der Waals density functional hybrid 2022 In: Journal of Physics Condensed Matter. - 0953-8984 .- 1361-648X. ; 34:2 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Hybrid density functionals replace a fraction of an underlying generalized-gradient approximation (GGA) exchange description with a Fock-exchange component. Range-separated hybrids (RSHs) also effectively screen the Fock-exchange component and thus open the door for characterizations of metals and adsorption at metal surfaces. The RSHs are traditionally based on a robust GGA, such as PBE (Perdew J P et al 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865), for example, as implemented in the HSE design (Heyd J et al 2003 J. Chem. Phys. 118 8207). Here we define an analytical-hole (Henderson T M et al 2008 J. Chem. Phys. 128 194105) consistent-exchange RSH extension to the van der Waals density functional (vdW-DF) method (Berland K et al 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 066501), launching vdW-DF-ahcx. We characterize the GGA-type exchange in the vdW-DF-cx version (Berland K and Hyldgaard P 2014 Phys. Rev. B 89 035412), isolate the short-ranged exchange component, and define the new vdW-DF hybrid. We find that the performance vdW-DF-ahcx compares favorably to (dispersion-corrected) HSE for descriptions of bulk (broad molecular) properties. We also find that it provides accurate descriptions of noble-metal surface properties, including CO adsorption.
41.	Singh, Deobrat, et al. (author) Carbon-phosphide monolayer with high carrier mobility and perceptible: I - V response for superior gas sensing 2020 In: New Journal of Chemistry. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1369-9261 .- 1144-0546. ; 44:9, s. 3777-3785 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Monolayered carbon phosphide (CP), with semi-metallic electrical conductivity and graphene-like Dirac cone responses, has attracted significant attention from the advanced nanoelectronics community, for use in gas sensing devices. The CP monolayer exhibits semi-metallic behavior in the x-direction and semi-conducting behavior in the y-direction. With the presence of graphene-like Dirac cones, it holds highly anisotropic carrier mobility characteristics. Here, we introduce the first-principle theoretical calculations for understanding the adsorption mechanism of different gas molecules-CO, CO2, NH3, NO and NO2-on the monolayer for electronic sensing devices. The binding strengths of these gas molecules adsorbed on the CP layer are much stronger than for other reported two-dimensional materials, such as graphene, blue phosphorene, germanene, etc. Additionally, the charge transfer analysis also supported an enhanced binding strength due to the sufficient amount of charge sharing between the CP monolayer and gas molecules. We further present an extensive study about the transport properties of CP monolayer sensor devices with electrodes made out of identical materials. The transmission characteristics, the density of states, and I-V response are supported by analysis of the charge distribution of the CP monolayer upon adsorption of CO, CO2, NH3, NO and NO2. Molecules have been calculated using density functional theory and non-equilibrium Green's function. The presented theoretical investigations reveal that the CP monolayer-based device exhibits improved characteristics and could be the foundation towards constructing highly sensitive nanosensor devices.
42.	Singh, Deobrat, et al. (author) Harnessing the unique properties of MXenes for advanced rechargeable batteries 2021 In: JPhys Energy. - : IOP Publishing. - 2515-7655. ; 3:1 Research review (peer-reviewed)abstract In recent years, two-dimensional MXenes have been emerged as potential electrode materials for rechargeable batteries due to their unique properties such as exceptional safety, significant interlayer spacing, environmental flexibility, large surface area, high electrical conductivity, and excellent thermal stability. This review examined all of the recent advances in the field of MXenes and their composites (hybrid structures), which are found to be useful for the electrochemical applications of advanced rechargeable batteries. The main focus of this review is on metal-ion batteries and lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. It is intended to show that the combination of recent improvements in the synthesis and characterization, greater control of the interlayer distance, and new MXene composites, together serve as an emerging and potential way for energy storage applications.
43.	Singh, Deobrat, et al. (author) Optical excitations and thermoelectric properties of two-dimensional holey graphene 2020 In: PHYSICAL REVIEW B. - : American Physical Society (APS). - 2469-9969 .- 2469-9950. ; 102:7 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Recently, holey graphene (HG) was synthesized successfully at atomic precision with regard to hole size and shape, which indicates that HG has interesting physical and chemical properties for energy and environmental applications. The shaping of the pores also transforms semimetallic graphene into semiconductor HG, which opens new doors for its use in electronic applications. We investigated systematically the structural, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of HG structure using first-principles calculations. HG was found to have a direct band gap of 0.65 eV (PBE functional) and 0.95 eV (HSE06 functional); the HSE06 functional is in good agreement with experimental results. For the optical properties, we used single-shot G(0)W(0) calculations by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation to determine the intralayer excitonic effects. From the absorption spectrum, we obtained an optical gap of 1.28 eV and a weak excitonic binding energy of 80 meV. We found large values of thermopower of 1662.59 mu V/K and a better electronic figure of merit, ZT(e), of 1.13 from the investigated thermoelectric properties. Our investigations exhibit strong and broad optical absorption in the visible light region, which makes monolayer HG a promising candidate for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications.
44.	Singh, Deobrat, et al. (author) Stability of and conduction in single-walled Si2BN nanotubes 2022 In: Physical Review Materials. - : American Physical Society. - 2475-9953. ; 6:11 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract We explore the possibility and potential benefit of rolling a Si2BN sheet into single-walled nanotubes (NTs). Using density functional theory (DFT), we consider both structural stability and the impact on the nature of chemical bonding and conduction. The structure is similar to carbon NTs and hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) NTs and we consider both armchair and zigzag Si2BN configurations with varying diameters. The stability of these Si2BN NTs is confirmed by first-principles molecular dynamics calculations, by exothermal formation, an absence of imaginary modes in the phonon spectra. Also, we find the nature of conduction varies from semiconducting over semimetallic to metallic, reflecting differences in armchair/zigzag-type structures, curvature effects, and the effect of quantum confinement. We present a detailed characterization of how these properties lead to differences in both the bonding nature and electronic structures.
45.	Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al. (author) Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 2018 In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
46.	Umrao, S., et al. (author) Anticarcinogenic activity of blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots : as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin 2019 In: MATERIALS TODAY BIO. - : ELSEVIER. - 2590-0064. ; 1 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Blue fluorescent hexagonal boron nitride quantum dots (h-BNQDs) of similar to 10 nm size as an effective enhancer for DNA cleavage activity of anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) were synthesized using simple one-step hydrothermal disintegration of exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride at very low temperature similar to 120 degrees C. Boron nitride quantum dots ( BNQDs) at a concentration of 25 mu g/ml enhanced DNA cleavage activity of DOX up to 70% as checked by converting supercoiled fragment into nicked circular PBR322 DNA. The interaction of BNQDs with DOX is proportional to the concentration of BNQDs, with binding constant K-b similar to 0.07338 mu g/ml. In addition, ab initio theoretical results indicate that DOX is absorbed on BNQDs at the N-terminated edge with binding energy -1.075 eV and prevented the normal replication mechanisms in DNA. BNQDs have been shown to kill the breast cancer cell MCF-7 extensively as compared with the normal human keratinocyte cell HaCaT. The cytotoxicity of BNQDs may be correlated with reduced reactive oxygen species level and increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which may be liable to enhance the anticancerous activity of DOX. The results provide a base to develop BNQD-DOX as a more effective anticancer drug.
47.	Vivekanand, Aashlesha Chekkala, et al. (author) Microplastics in aquatic environment : Challenges and perspectives 2021 In: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 282 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract The occurrence of microplastics in the aquatic environment has become a growing concern globally. Microplastics pose a hazard to the ecological system, and their presence, particularly in the water, has an adverse impact on human health and the ecosystem. Microplastics are released into the environment directly from everyday used plastic items, degradation of plastics, industries, and wastewater treatment plants. Once these contaminants enter the water, aquatic life feeds on them, and microplastics enter the food chain and cause severe health hazards. An assessment of microplastics' ecological risks is essential; however, it is challenging in the present scenario due to limited information available. To fill these knowledge gaps, this paper comprehensively reviews the sources and transport of microplastics in the water environment and their environmental and health effects, global policy frameworks, analytical techniques for microplastic detection, and control strategies to prevent microplastics release in the aquatic environment.
48.	Vivekanand, Aashlesha Chekkala, et al. (author) Statistical Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Using Wastewater-Based Data of Stockholm, Sweden 2023 In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:5 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract An approach based on wastewater epidemiology can be used to monitor the COVID-19 pandemic by assessing the gene copy number of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. In the present study, we statistically analyzed such data from six inlets of three wastewater treatment plants, covering six regions of Stockholm, Sweden, collected over an approximate year period (week 16 of 2020 to week 22 of 2021). SARS-CoV-2 gene copy number and population-based biomarker PMMoV, as well as clinical data, such as the number of positive cases, intensive care unit numbers, and deaths, were analyzed statistically using correlations and principal component analysis (PCA). Despite the population differences, the PCA for the Stockholm dataset showed that the case numbers are well grouped across wastewater treatment plants. Furthermore, when considering the data from the whole of Stockholm, the wastewater characteristics (flow rate m3/day, PMMoV Ct value, and SARS-CoV gene copy number) were significantly correlated with the public health agency’s report of SARS-CoV-2 infection rates (0.419 to 0.95, p-value < 0.01). However, while the PCA results showed that the case numbers for each wastewater treatment plant were well grouped concerning PC1 (37.3%) and PC2 (19.67%), the results from the correlation analysis for the individual wastewater treatment plants showed varied trends. SARS-CoV-2 fluctuations can be accurately predicted through statistical analyses of wastewater-based epidemiology, as demonstrated in this study.
49.	Vos, Theo, et al. (author) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 301 acute and chronic diseases and injuries in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 2015 In: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 386:9995, s. 743-800 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract Background Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. Methods Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. Key improvements include expansion to the cause and sequelae list, updated systematic reviews, use of detailed injury codes, improvements to the Bayesian meta-regression method (DisMod-MR), and use of severity splits for various causes. An index of data representativeness, showing data availability, was calculated for each cause and impairment during three periods globally and at the country level for 2013. In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. The comorbidity simulation provides estimates for the number of sequelae, concurrently, by individuals by country, year, age, and sex. Disability weights were updated with the addition of new population-based survey data from four countries. Findings Disease and injury were highly prevalent; only a small fraction of individuals had no sequelae. Comorbidity rose substantially with age and in absolute terms from 1990 to 2013. Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. Conversely, leading chronic sequelae were largely attributable to non-communicable diseases, with prevalence estimates for asymptomatic permanent caries and tension-type headache of 2.4 billion and 1.6 billion, respectively. The distribution of the number of sequelae in populations varied widely across regions, with an expected relation between age and disease prevalence. YLDs for both sexes increased from 537.6 million in 1990 to 764.8 million in 2013 due to population growth and ageing, whereas the age-standardised rate decreased little from 114.87 per 1000 people to 110.31 per 1000 people between 1990 and 2013. Leading causes of YLDs included low back pain and major depressive disorder among the top ten causes of YLDs in every country. YLD rates per person, by major cause groups, indicated the main drivers of increases were due to musculoskeletal, mental, and substance use disorders, neurological disorders, and chronic respiratory diseases; however HIV/AIDS was a notable driver of increasing YLDs in sub-Saharan Africa. Also, the proportion of disability-adjusted life years due to YLDs increased globally from 21.1% in 1990 to 31.2% in 2013. Interpretation Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. Rates of YLDs are declining much more slowly than mortality rates. The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. The transition to non-fatal outcomes as the dominant source of burden of disease is occurring rapidly outside of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results can guide future health initiatives through examination of epidemiological trends and a better understanding of variation across countries.
50.	Wang, Haidong, et al. (author) Estimates of global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and mortality of HIV, 1980-2015 : the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. 2016 In: The lancet. HIV. - : Elsevier. - 2352-3018. ; 3:8, s. e361-e387 Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract BACKGROUND: Timely assessment of the burden of HIV/AIDS is essential for policy setting and programme evaluation. In this report from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we provide national estimates of levels and trends of HIV/AIDS incidence, prevalence, coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), and mortality for 195 countries and territories from 1980 to 2015.METHODS: For countries without high-quality vital registration data, we estimated prevalence and incidence with data from antenatal care clinics and population-based seroprevalence surveys, and with assumptions by age and sex on initial CD4 distribution at infection, CD4 progression rates (probability of progression from higher to lower CD4 cell-count category), on and off antiretroviral therapy (ART) mortality, and mortality from all other causes. Our estimation strategy links the GBD 2015 assessment of all-cause mortality and estimation of incidence and prevalence so that for each draw from the uncertainty distribution all assumptions used in each step are internally consistent. We estimated incidence, prevalence, and death with GBD versions of the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) and Spectrum software originally developed by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). We used an open-source version of EPP and recoded Spectrum for speed, and used updated assumptions from systematic reviews of the literature and GBD demographic data. For countries with high-quality vital registration data, we developed the cohort incidence bias adjustment model to estimate HIV incidence and prevalence largely from the number of deaths caused by HIV recorded in cause-of-death statistics. We corrected these statistics for garbage coding and HIV misclassification.FINDINGS: Global HIV incidence reached its peak in 1997, at 3·3 million new infections (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·1-3·4 million). Annual incidence has stayed relatively constant at about 2·6 million per year (range 2·5-2·8 million) since 2005, after a period of fast decline between 1997 and 2005. The number of people living with HIV/AIDS has been steadily increasing and reached 38·8 million (95% UI 37·6-40·4 million) in 2015. At the same time, HIV/AIDS mortality has been declining at a steady pace, from a peak of 1·8 million deaths (95% UI 1·7-1·9 million) in 2005, to 1·2 million deaths (1·1-1·3 million) in 2015. We recorded substantial heterogeneity in the levels and trends of HIV/AIDS across countries. Although many countries have experienced decreases in HIV/AIDS mortality and in annual new infections, other countries have had slowdowns or increases in rates of change in annual new infections.INTERPRETATION: Scale-up of ART and prevention of mother-to-child transmission has been one of the great successes of global health in the past two decades. However, in the past decade, progress in reducing new infections has been slow, development assistance for health devoted to HIV has stagnated, and resources for health in low-income countries have grown slowly. Achievement of the new ambitious goals for HIV enshrined in Sustainable Development Goal 3 and the 90-90-90 UNAIDS targets will be challenging, and will need continued efforts from governments and international agencies in the next 15 years to end AIDS by 2030.

Skapa referenser, mejla, bekava och länka

Permalink

Result 1-50 of 54

Refine your search

Type of publication: journal article (47); other publication (2); research review (2); conference paper (1); doctoral thesis (1); book chapter (1); show more...; show less...

Type of content: peer-reviewed (51); other academic/artistic (3)

Author/Editor: Jha, Vivekanand (19); Ahuja, Rajeev, 1965- (14); Dandona, Lalit (11); Dandona, Rakhi (11); Geleijnse, Johanna M ... (11); Jonas, Jost B. (11); show more...; Khang, Young-Ho (11); Kokubo, Yoshihiro (11); Lopez, Alan D. (11); Lotufo, Paulo A. (11); Miller, Ted R. (11); Mokdad, Ali H. (11); Vollset, Stein Emil (11); Yonemoto, Naohiro (11); Kinfu, Yohannes (11); Santos, Itamar S. (11); Sawhney, Monika (11); Singh, Jasvinder A. (11); Gupta, Rahul (11); Monasta, Lorenzo (11); Ronfani, Luca (11); Fereshtehnejad, Seye ... (11); She, Jun (11); Weiderpass, Elisabet ... (10); Badawi, Alaa (10); Esteghamati, Alireza (10); Farzadfar, Farshad (10); Kumar, G. Anil (10); Malekzadeh, Reza (10); Mendoza, Walter (10); Naghavi, Mohsen (10); Sepanlou, Sadaf G. (10); Vos, Theo (10); Werdecker, Andrea (10); Xu, Gelin (10); Yu, Chuanhua (10); Murray, Christopher ... (10); Bennett, Derrick A. (10); Hafezi-Nejad, Nima (10); Kim, Daniel (10); Lim, Stephen S. (10); Mueller, Ulrich O. (10); Rafay, Anwar (10); Westerman, Ronny (10); Gupta, Rajeev (10); Bell, Michelle L (10); Shibuya, Kenji (10); Jena, Naresh K. (10); Haro, Josep Maria (10); Hoy, Damian G. (10); show less...

University: Uppsala University (34); Royal Institute of Technology (19); Chalmers University of Technology (17); Karolinska Institutet (16); Lund University (13); University of Gothenburg (9); show more...; Högskolan Dalarna (9); Umeå University (5); Linköping University (5); Mid Sweden University (3); Stockholm University (1); Malmö University (1); Södertörn University (1); show less...

Language: English (54)

Research subject (UKÄ/SCB): Natural sciences (32); Medical and Health Sciences (22); Engineering and Technology (8); Social Sciences (1)

Year

Kungliga biblioteket hanterar dina personuppgifter i enlighet med EU:s dataskyddsförordning (2018), GDPR. Läs mer om hur det funkar här.
Så här hanterar KB dina uppgifter vid användning av denna tjänst.

LIBRIS.kb.se

Copy and save the link in order to return to this view