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- Uijterschout, L., et al.
(författare)
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The value of Ret-Hb and sTfR in the diagnosis of iron depletion in healthy, young children
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 68:8, s. 882-886
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Reticulocyte hemoglobin (Ret-Hb) content and soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) are described as promising biomarkers in the analysis of iron status. However, the value of Ret-Hb and sTfR in the early detection of iron depletion, as frequently observed in children in high-income countries, is unclear. We hypothesized that young children to iron depletion, using the WHO cutoff of ferritin < 12 mu g/l, would have lower Ret-Hb and higher sTfR concentrations compared to children with a ferritin >= level 12 mu g/l.SUBJECTS/METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed mean concentrations of Ret-Hb and sTfR in 351 healthy children aged 0.5-3 years in a high-income country. The Student's t-test was used to compare Ret-Hb and sTfR concentrations between groups.RESULTS: We showed that concentrations of Ret-Hb and sTfR are similar in children with and without iron depletion. A decrease in Ret-Hb concentration was present only when ferritin concentrations were < 8 mu g/l. sTfR concentrations were similar in children with ferritin concentrations < 6 mu g/l and >= 12 mu g/l.CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the discriminative value of Ret-Hb and sTfR for the detection of iron depletion is limited. Our findings suggest that ferritin is the most useful biomarker in the screening of iron depletion in healthy children in high-income countries. However, ideally, reference ranges of iron status biomarkers should be based on studies showing that children with concentrations outside reference ranges have poor neurodevelopmental outcomes.
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| 2. |
- Kessler, Jan H., et al.
(författare)
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Antigen processing by nardilysin and thimet oligopeptidase generates cytotoxic T cell epitopes
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1529-2908 .- 1529-2916. ; 12:1, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) recognize peptides presented by HLA class I molecules on the cell surface. The C terminus of these CTL epitopes is considered to be produced by the proteasome. Here we demonstrate that the cytosolic endopeptidases nardilysin and thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) complemented proteasome activity. Nardilysin and TOP were required, either together or alone, for the generation of a tumor-specific CTL epitope from PRAME, an immunodominant CTL epitope from Epstein-Barr virus protein EBNA3C, and a clinically important epitope from the melanoma protein MART-1. TOP functioned as C-terminal trimming peptidase in antigen processing, and nardilysin contributed to both the C-terminal and N-terminal generation of CTL epitopes. By broadening the antigenic peptide repertoire, nardilysin and TOP strengthen the immune defense against intracellular pathogens and cancer.
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