| 1. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic creation of acceptance tests by extracting conditionals from requirements : NLP approach and case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Systems and Software. - : Elsevier. - 0164-1212 .- 1873-1228. ; 197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Acceptance testing is crucial to determine whether a system fulfills end-user requirements. However, the creation of acceptance tests is a laborious task entailing two major challenges: (1) practitioners need to determine the right set of test cases that fully covers a requirement, and (2) they need to create test cases manually due to insufficient tool support. Existing approaches for automatically deriving test cases require semi-formal or even formal notations of requirements, though unrestricted natural language is prevalent in practice. In this paper, we present our tool-supported approach CiRA (Conditionals in Requirements Artifacts) capable of creating the minimal set of required test cases from conditional statements in informal requirements. We demonstrate the feasibility of CiRA in a case study with three industry partners. In our study, out of 578 manually created test cases, 71.8% can be generated automatically. Additionally, CiRA discovered 80 relevant test cases that were missed in manual test case design. CiRA is publicly available at www.cira.bth.se/demo/. © 2022
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| 2. |
- Brunotte, Wasja, et al.
(författare)
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Welcome to the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Explainable Systems (RE4ES)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - 2332-6441 .- 1090-705X. ; 2021-September, s. 157-158
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Welcome to the First International Workshop on Requirements Engineering for Explainable Systems (RE4ES), where we aim to advance requirements engineering (RE) for explainable systems, foster interdisciplinary exchange, and build a community. On the one hand, we believe that the methods and techniques of the RE community can add much value to explainability research. On the other hand, we have to ensure that we develop techniques fitted to the needs of other communities.This first workshop explores synergies between the RE community and other communities already researching explainability.To this end, we have based our agenda on a mix of paper presentations from authors of different domains, one keynote from industry and one from research, as well as interactive activities to stimulate lively discussions.
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| 3. |
- Dawczynski, Christine, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term moderate intervention with n-3 long-chain PUFA-supplemented dairy products : effects on pathophysiological biomarkers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
- 2009
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Ingår i: British Journal of Nutrition. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 101:10, s. 1517-1526
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LC-PUFA) may improve cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases. The effects of n-3 LC-PUFA-supplemented dairy products on inflammation and immunological parameters, biomarkers of oxidative stress, serum lipids, and on disease activity were determined in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-five subjects (forty-three females and two males) were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study. Both groups received placebo or verum products consecutively for 3 months with a 2-month washout phase between the two periods. Blood samples were taken at the beginning and at the end of each period. The dairy products generally improved serum lipids by increasing HDL and lowering lipoprotein it. The n-3 LC-PUFA supplements act to lower TAG. Additionally, a decreased lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cylo-oxygenase-2 expression was found in patients who had consumed the enriched dairy products. The majority of the CD analysed were not influenced, although n-3 LC-PUFA did suppress the immune response as lymphocytes and monocytes were found to be significantly decreased. The n-3 LC-PUFA did not increase the biomarkers of oxidative stress such as 8-iso-PGF(2 alpha), and 15-keto-dihydro PGF(2 alpha), and DNA damage like 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine. The long-term consumption of dairy products (2 x 12 weeks) diminished the excretion of hydroxypyridinium crosslinks, and favoured the diastolic blood pressure. The consumption of moderate doses of n-3 LC-PUFA in combination with dairy products did not improve the disease activity. However, there is evidence of cardioprotective effects. Furthermore, the long-term consumption of dairy products acts against the cartilage and bone destruction in RA.
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| 4. |
- Ebel, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
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Automotive UX design and data-driven development: Narrowing the gap to support practitioners
- 2021
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives. - : Elsevier BV. - 2590-1982. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development and evaluation of In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVISs) is strongly based on insights from qualitative studies conducted in artificial contexts (e.g., driving simulators or lab experiments). However, the growing complexity of the systems and the uncertainty about the context in which they are used, create a need to augment qualitative data with quantitative data, collected during real-world driving. In contrast to many digital companies that are already successfully using data-driven methods, Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) are not yet succeeding in releasing the potentials such methods offer. We aim to understand what prevents automotive OEMs from applying data-driven methods, what needs practitioners formulate, and how collecting and analyzing usage data from vehicles can enhance UX activities. We adopted a Multiphase Mixed Methods approach comprising two interview studies with more than 15 UX practitioners and two action research studies conducted with two different OEMs. From the four studies, we synthesize the needs of UX designers, extract limitations within the domain that hinder the application of data-driven methods, elaborate on unleveraged potentials, and formulate recommendations to improve the usage of vehicle data. We conclude that, in addition to modernizing the legal, technical, and organizational infrastructure, UX and Data Science must be brought closer together by reducing silo mentality and increasing interdisciplinary collaboration. New tools and methods need to be developed and UX experts must be empowered to make data-based evidence an integral part of the UX design process.
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| 5. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Automatic Detection of Causality in Requirement Artifacts : The CiRA Approach
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030731274 ; , s. 19-36
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Context & motivation:] System behavior is often expressed by causal relations in requirements (e.g., If event 1, then event 2). Automatically extracting this embedded causal knowledge supports not only reasoning about requirements dependencies, but also various automated engineering tasks such as seamless derivation of test cases. However, causality extraction from natural language (NL) is still an open research challenge as existing approaches fail to extract causality with reasonable performance. [Question/problem:] We understand causality extraction from requirements as a two-step problem: First, we need to detect if requirements have causal properties or not. Second, we need to understand and extract their causal relations. At present, though, we lack knowledge about the form and complexity of causality in requirements, which is necessary to develop a suitable approach addressing these two problems. [Principal ideas/results:] We conduct an exploratory case study with 14,983 sentences from 53 requirements documents originating from 18 different domains and shed light on the form and complexity of causality in requirements. Based on our findings, we develop a tool-supported approach for causality detection (CiRA, standing for Causality in Requirement Artifacts). This constitutes a first step towards causality extraction from NL requirements. [Contribution:] We report on a case study and the resulting tool-supported approach for causality detection in requirements. Our case study corroborates, among other things, that causality is, in fact, a widely used linguistic pattern to describe system behavior, as about a third of the analyzed sentences are causal. We further demonstrate that our tool CiRA achieves a macro-F 1 score of 82% on real word data and that it outperforms related approaches with an average gain of 11.06% in macro-Recall and 11.43% in macro-Precision. Finally, we disclose our open data sets as well as our tool to foster the discourse on the automatic detection of causality in the RE community. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 6. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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CiRA : A Tool for the Automatic Detection of Causal Relationships in Requirements Artifacts
- 2021
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Ingår i: CEUR Workshop Proceedings. - : CEUR-WS.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements often specify the expected system behavior by using causal relations (e.g., If A, then B). Automatically extracting these relations supports, among others, two prominent RE use cases: Automatic test case derivation and dependency detection between requirements. However, existing tools fail to extract causality from natural language with reasonable performance. In this paper, we present our tool CiRA (Causality detection in Requirements Artifacts), which represents a first step towards automatic causality extraction from requirements. We evaluate CiRA on a publicly available data set of 61 acceptance criteria (causal: 32; non-causal: 29) describing the functionality of the German Corona-Warn-App. We achieve a macro1 score of 83 %, which corroborates the feasibility of our approach. © 2021 CEUR-WS. All rights reserved.
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| 7. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-Grained Causality Extraction from Natural Language Requirements Using Recursive Neural Tensor Networks
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781665418980 ; , s. 60-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- [Context:] Causal relations (e.g., If A, then B) are prevalent in functional requirements. For various applications of AI4RE, e.g., the automatic derivation of suitable test cases from requirements, automatically extracting such causal statements are a basic necessity. [Problem:] We lack an approach that is able to extract causal relations from natural language requirements in fine-grained form. Specifically, existing approaches do not consider the combinatorics between causes and effects. They also do not allow to split causes and effects into more granular text fragments (e.g., variable and condition), making the extracted relations unsuitable for automatic test case derivation. [Objective Contributions:] We address this research gap and make the following contributions: First, we present the Causality Treebank, which is the first corpus of fully labeled binary parse trees representing the composition of 1,571 causal requirements. Second, we propose a fine-grained causality extractor based on Recursive Neural Tensor Networks. Our approach is capable of recovering the composition of causal statements written in natural language and achieves a F1 score of 74% in the evaluation on the Causality Treebank. Third, we disclose our open data sets as well as our code to foster the discourse on the automatic extraction of causality in the RE community. © 2021 IEEE.
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| 8. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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How Do Practitioners Interpret Conditionals in Requirements?
- 2021
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Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. - 9783030914516 ; , s. 85-102
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Conditional statements like “If A and B then C” are core elements for describing software requirements. However, there are many ways to express such conditionals in natural language and also many ways how they can be interpreted. We hypothesize that conditional statements in requirements are a source of ambiguity, potentially affecting downstream activities such as test case generation negatively. Objective: Our goal is to understand how specific conditionals are interpreted by readers who work with requirements. Method: We conduct a descriptive survey with 104 RE practitioners and ask how they interpret 12 different conditional clauses. We map their interpretations to logical formulas written in Propositional (Temporal) Logic and discuss the implications. Results: The conditionals in our tested requirements were interpreted ambiguously. We found that practitioners disagree on whether an antecedent is only sufficient or also necessary for the consequent. Interestingly, the disagreement persists even when the system behavior is known to the practitioners. We also found that certain cue phrases are associated with specific interpretations. Conclusion: Conditionals in requirements are a source of ambiguity and there is not just one way to interpret them formally. This affects any analysis that builds upon formalized requirements (e.g., inconsistency checking, test-case generation). Our results may also influence guidelines for writing requirements. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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| 9. |
- Fischbach, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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What makes agile test artifacts useful? : An activity-based quality model from a practitioners' perspective
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement. - New York, NY, USA : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781450375801
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The artifacts used in Agile software testing and the reasons why these artifacts are used are fairly well-understood. However, empirical research on how Agile test artifacts are eventually designed in practice and which quality factors make them useful for software testing remains sparse. Aims: Our objective is two-fold. First, we identify current challenges in using test artifacts to understand why certain quality factors are considered good or bad. Second, we build an Activity-Based Artifact Quality Model that describes what Agile test artifacts should look like. Method: We conduct an industrial survey with 18 practitioners from 12 companies operating in seven different domains. Results: Our analysis reveals nine challenges and 16 factors describing the quality of six test artifacts from the perspective of Agile testers. Interestingly, we observed mostly challenges regarding language and traceability, which are well-known to occur in non-Agile projects. Conclusions: Although Agile software testing is becoming the norm, we still have little confidence about general do's and don'ts going beyond conventional wisdom. This study is the first to distill a list of quality factors deemed important to what can be considered as useful test artifacts. © 2020 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Franch, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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How do Practitioners Perceive the Relevance of Requirements Engineering Research?
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0098-5589 .- 1939-3520. ; 48:6, s. 1947-1964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The relevance of Requirements Engineering (RE) research to practitioners is vital for a long-term dissemination of research results to everyday practice. Some authors have speculated about a mismatch between research and practice in the RE discipline. However, there is not much evidence to support or refute this perception. Objective: This paper presents the results of a study aimed at gathering evidence from practitioners about their perception of the relevance of RE research and at understanding the factors that influence that perception. Method: We conducted a questionnaire-based survey of industry practitioners with expertise in RE. The participants rated the perceived relevance of 435 scientific papers presented at five top RE-related conferences. Results: The 153 participants provided a total of 2,164 ratings. The practitioners rated RE research as essential or worthwhile in a majority of cases. However, the percentage of non-positive ratings is still higher than we would like. Among the factors that affect the perception of relevance are the paper?s links to industry, the research method used, and respondents? roles. The reasons for positive perceptions were primarily related to the relevance of the problem and the soundness of the solution, while the causes for negative perceptions were more varied. The respondents also provided suggestions for future research, including topics researchers have studied for decades, like elicitation or requirement quality criteria. Conclusions: The study is valuable for both researchers and practitioners. Researchers can use the reasons respondents gave for positive and negative perceptions and the suggested research topics to help make their research more appealing to practitioners and thus more prone to industry adoption. Practitioners can benefit from the overall view of contemporary RE research by learning about research topics that they may not be familiar with, and compare their perception with those of their colleagues to self-assess their positioning towards more academic research. IEEE
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| 11. |
- Franch, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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How do Practitioners Perceive the Relevance of Requirements Engineering Research? An Ongoing Study
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE 25TH INTERNATIONAL REQUIREMENTS ENGINEERING CONFERENCE (RE). - : IEEE. - 2332-6441. - 9781538631911 ; , s. 382-387
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relevance of Requirements Engineering (RE) research to practitioners is a prerequisite for problem-driven research in the area and key for a long-term dissemination of research results to everyday practice. To understand better how industry practitioners perceive the practical relevance of RE research, we have initiated the RE-Pract project, an international collaboration conducting an empirical study. This project opts for a replication of previous work done in two different domains and relies on survey research. To this end, we have designed a survey to be sent to several hundred industry practitioners at various companies around the world and ask them to rate their perceived practical relevance of the research described in a sample of 418 RE papers published between 2010 and 2015 at the RE, ICSE, FSE, ESEC/FSE, ESEM and REFSQ conferences. In this paper, we summarize our research protocol and present the current status of our study and the planned future steps.
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| 12. |
- Frattini, Julian, 1995-, et al.
(författare)
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Causality in requirements artifacts : prevalence, detection, and impact
- 2023
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Ingår i: Requirements Engineering. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0947-3602 .- 1432-010X. ; 28:1, s. 49-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causal relations in natural language (NL) requirements convey strong, semantic information. Automatically extracting such causal information enables multiple use cases, such as test case generation, but it also requires to reliably detect causal relations in the first place. Currently, this is still a cumbersome task as causality in NL requirements is still barely understood and, thus, barely detectable. In our empirically informed research, we aim at better understanding the notion of causality and supporting the automatic extraction of causal relations in NL requirements. In a first case study, we investigate 14.983 sentences from 53 requirements documents to understand the extent and form in which causality occurs. Second, we present and evaluate a tool-supported approach, called CiRA, for causality detection. We conclude with a second case study where we demonstrate the applicability of our tool and investigate the impact of causality on NL requirements. The first case study shows that causality constitutes around 28 % of all NL requirements sentences. We then demonstrate that our detection tool achieves a macro-F 1 score of 82 % on real-world data and that it outperforms related approaches with an average gain of 11.06 % in macro-Recall and 11.43 % in macro-Precision. Finally, our second case study corroborates the positive correlations of causality with features of NL requirements. The results strengthen our confidence in the eligibility of causal relations for downstream reuse, while our tool and publicly available data constitute a first step in the ongoing endeavors of utilizing causality in RE and beyond. © 2022, The Author(s).
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| 13. |
- Jadallah, Noah, et al.
(författare)
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CATE : CAusality Tree Extractor from Natural Language Requirements
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781665418980 ; , s. 77-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causal relations (If A, then B) are prevalent in requirements artifacts. Automatically extracting causal relations from requirements holds great potential for various RE activities (e.g., automatic derivation of suitable test cases). However, we lack an approach capable of extracting causal relations from natural language with reasonable performance. In this paper, we present our tool CATE (CAusality Tree Extractor), which is able to parse the composition of a causal relation as a tree structure. CATE does not only provide an overview of causes and effects in a sentence, but also reveals their semantic coherence by translating the causal relation into a binary tree. We encourage fellow researchers and practitioners to use CATE at https://causalitytreeextractor.com/ © 2021 IEEE.
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| 14. |
- Lotz, Jannik, et al.
(författare)
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Microservice Architectures for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems: A Case-Study
- 2019
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Ingår i: Proceedings - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Software Architecture - Companion, ICSA-C 2019. ; , s. 45-52
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technological advancements of recent years have steadily increased the complexity of vehicle-internal software systems, and the ongoing development towards autonomous driving will further aggravate this situation. This is leading to a level of complexity that is pushing the limits of existing vehicle software architectures and system designs. By changing the software structure to a service-based architecture, companies in other domains successfully managed the rising complexity and created a more agile and future-oriented development process. This paper presents a case-study investigating the feasibility and possible effects of changing the software architecture for a complex driver assistance function to a microservice architecture. The complete procedure is described, starting with the description of the software-environment and the corresponding requirements, followed by the implementation, and the final testing. In addition, this paper provides a high-level evaluation of the microservice architecture for the automotive use-case. The results show that microservice architectures can reduce complexity and time-consuming process steps and make the automotive software systems prepared for upcoming challenges as long as the principles of microservice architectures are carefully followed.
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| 15. |
- Scharinger, Boris, et al.
(författare)
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Can RE Help Better Prepare Industrial AI for Commercial Scale?
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Software. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 0740-7459 .- 1937-4194. ; 39:6, s. 8-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This issue marks the start of my term as department editor for the “Requirements” column. I very much look forward to exploring contemporary aspects of requirements and requirements engineering (RE) in the coming years! As an institute researcher with RISE, I primarily work in strictly regulated domains, in which requirements are cornerstones in the development activities. Please check my introduction in the September/October 2022 issue of IEEE Software for more about my background. In this issue—featuring a theme that perfectly matches my current research interests—we discuss RE4AI from the perspective of Siemens Digital Industries. Referring to this as industrial artifical intelligence (AI), we share insights from our numerous chats about this topic in the last two years, including formal interviews with key stakeholders. In this column, we argue that the business side of AI has been underexplored—and that RE can help us forward.
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| 16. |
- Shanbhag, Siddharth, et al.
(författare)
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Optimization of Human Platelet-Derived Supplements for Stem Cell-Based Bone Tissue Engineering
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Implants Research. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0905-7161 .- 1600-0501. ; 28:S14, s. 57-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background Bone tissue engineering using combinations of adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), growth factors and/or biomaterial scaffolds, is emerging as a promising alternative to autologous and allogeneic bone grafting. Although, fetal bovine serum (FBS) is still the most commonly used supplement for ex vivo expansion of human MSCs, it is important to substitute animal-derived products for clinical applications, according to current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Human platelet-derivatives (PDs) represent optimal FBS-substitutes due to the nature and range of the released growth factors (GF). Aim/Hypothesis (1) To systematically review the literature to identify different types of PDs, and (2) to refine the protocols for preparation of optimal platelet-derived supplements in terms of (a) GF concentrations, and (b) human MSC expansion and differentiation. The overall aim was to optimize the preparation of a cGMP-compliant platelet GF concentrate for large-scale MSC expansion. Material and Methods A systematic literature review was performed to compare the efficacy of different PDs. PDs were categorized as platelet ‘releasates’ (PR) or ‘lysates’ (PL) depending on the method of GF release, i.e. via chemical activation with thrombin (or calcium), or via mechanical lysis via freezing and thawing, respectively. Based on the review, selected protocols for preparation of PR and PL, using platelet concentrates pooled from 5 donors, were systematically tested and compared, in terms of (a) ELISA-based GF concentrations [platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB, transforming growth factor (TGF)- μ 946,1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], and (b) in vitro proliferation, colony-formation, surface marker expression (flow cytometry), and osteogenic differentiation assays of human gingiva-derived MSCs. Cells cultured in 10% FBS were used as the control. Experiments were performed in triplicates, using cells from three donors, and data were statistically analysed. Results A number of protocols were identified for preparation of PR and PL, varying in the nature and concentrations of activators (thrombin/calcium), and number and duration of freezing/thawing cycles, respectively. Few studies directly compared PR and PL, and a trend for superior cell proliferation with PL was observed. Based on the review, four different protocols were selected and adapted for preparation of PR and PL. For in vitro MSC experiments, PR/PL concentrations of 5% and 10% were tested. Consistent with results of the review, higher concentrations of GFs (PDGF-BB, TGF- μ 946,1, VEGF) were identified in PL vs. PR. Moreover, proliferation of MSCs was higher in PL vs. PR, in some donors, proliferation was higher in 5% PL vs. 10% PL, suggesting that 5% may be the optimal concentration when using this method of PL preparation. Comparable surface marker expression (stromal phenotype) was observed in MSCs expanded in PL vs. FBS. Significantly higher proliferation (population doubling-time) and colony-formation, and comparable osteogenic differentiation, of MSCs was observed in 5% PL vs. 10% FBS. Conclusions and Clinical Implications Human PL prepared from pooled platelet concentrates by a simple, economical and cGMP-compliant method, represents the optimal GF-supplement and FBS-substitute, while maintaining the key properties of MSCs, i.e., stromal phenotype, proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potential, for clinical bone tissue engineering applications.
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| 17. |
- Vogelsang, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Requirements Engineering for Machine Learning : Perspectives from Data Scientists
- 2019
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Machine learning (ML) is used increasingly in real-world applications. In this paper, we describe our ongoing endeavor to define characteristics and challenges unique to Requirements Engineering (RE) for ML-based systems. As a first step, we interviewed four data scientists to understand how ML experts approach elicitation, specification, and assurance of requirements and expectations. The results show that changes in the development paradigm, i.e., from coding to training, also demands changes in RE. We conclude that development of ML systems demands requirements engineers to: (1) understand ML performance measures to state good functional requirements, (2) be aware of new quality requirements such as explainability, freedom from discrimination, or specific legal requirements, and (3) integrate ML specifics in the RE process. Our study provides a first contribution towards an RE methodology for ML systems.
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| 18. |
- Vogelsang, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Views on quality requirements in academia and practice : commonalities, differences, and context-dependent grey areas
- 2020
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Ingår i: Information and Software Technology. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0950-5849 .- 1873-6025. ; 121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Quality requirements (QRs) are a topic of constant discussions both in industry and academia. Debates entwine around the definition of quality requirements, the way how to handle them, or their importance for project success. While many academic endeavors contribute to the body of knowledge about QRs, practitioners may have different views. In fact, we still lack a consistent body of knowledge on QRs since much of the discussion around this topic is still dominated by observations that are strongly context-dependent. This holds for both academic and practitioners’ views. Our assumption is that, in consequence, those views may differ. Objective: We report on a study to better understand the extent to which available research statements on quality requirements, as found in exemplary peer-reviewed and frequently cited publications, are reflected in the perception of practitioners. Our goal is to analyze differences, commonalities, and context-dependent grey areas in the views of academics and practitioners to allow a discussion on potential misconceptions (on either sides) and opportunities for future research. Method: We conducted a survey with 109 practitioners to assess whether they agree with research statements about QRs reflected in the literature. Based on a statistical model, we evaluate the impact of a set of context factors to the perception of research statements. Results: Our results show that a majority of the statements is well respected by practitioners; however, not all of them. When examining the different groups and backgrounds of respondents, we noticed interesting deviations of perceptions within different groups that may lead to new research questions. Conclusions:Our results help identifying prevalent context-dependent differences about how academics and practitioners view QRs and pinpointing statements where further research might be useful. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
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| 19. |
- Wiesweg, Florian, et al.
(författare)
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Data-driven Risk Management for Requirements Engineering : An Automated Approach based on Bayesian Networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781728174389 ; , s. 125-135
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Requirements Engineering (RE) is a means to reduce the risk of delivering a product that does not fulfill the stakeholders' needs. Therefore, a major challenge in RE is to decide how much RE is needed and what RE methods to apply. The quality of such decisions is strongly based on the RE expert's experience and expertise in carefully analyzing the context and current state of a project. Recent work, however, shows that lack of experience and qualification are common causes for problems in RE. We trained a series of Bayesian Networks on data from the NaPiRE survey to model relationships between RE problems, their causes, and effects in projects with different contextual characteristics. These models were used to conduct (1) a post-mortem (diagnostic) analysis, deriving probable causes of suboptimal RE performance, and (2) to conduct a preventive analysis, predicting probable issues a young project might encounter. The method was subject to a rigorous cross-validation procedure for both use cases before assessing its applicability to real-world scenarios with a case study. © 2020 IEEE.
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