| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Cronberg, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity and phenotypic variation in marginal populations of the locally endangered species Hordeum secanlinum (Poaceae).
- 1997
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Ingår i: Plant Systematics and Evolution. - 1615-6110. ; 206:1-4 /March, s. 285-294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrophoresis was used to compare variation in hordein polypeptide patterns and isozymes in five marginal populations ofHordeum secalinum (four Swedish and one Danish population) and four populations along the Atlantic coast from Denmark to Spain. Hordein patterns were uniform within and among Swedish and Danish populations whereas the materials from France and Spain were divergent. The banding patterns for nine isozymes (AAT, IDH, MDH, PGD, GPI, ME, ACP, EST, and PRX) agreed with those reported for otherHordeum species. All putative loci were monomorphic with the exception of PRX, which showed three different phenotypes. The five marginal populations varied in seed set and cultivated plants differed in phenological traits.
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| 3. |
- Leo, Jonatan, et al.
(författare)
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Population structure and phylogeography of Elymus mutabilis and its genetic relationships with E. transbaicalensis (Poaceae)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Botany. - : Wiley. - 0107-055X .- 1756-1051.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Elymus mutabilis is a morphologically diverse species in the Poaceae family growing in Eurasia from northern Europe to far east Russia and southwards to central Asia. Elymus transbaicalensis occurs in similar habitats and is considered closely related to E. mutabilis and sometimes even referred to as a subspecies or synonym. Based on high similarity in morphology and habitat, molecular studies are needed to establish whether E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis can be considered as two distinct species. Thus, the objective of this study was to study diversity, relationships among populations and the phylogeographical structure of E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). In total 68 individuals of E. mutabilis were sampled from 18 populations collected from northern Europe, central Asia and far east Russia, representing the central and two peripheral parts of the natural distribution of the species. The results reveal a clear distinction between E. mutabilis and E. transbaicalensis and no introgression. The phylogeographic structure of E. mutabilis follows the geographical distribution of the species. Populations from northern Europe, southern Siberia and far east Russia together form a clade separated from the peripheral populations in central Asia, indicating a common ancestry of the latter. Phylogenetic analyses revealed a radiation pattern among populations in northern Europe indicating a founding followed by rapid dispersal.
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| 4. |
- Ling, Qiu, et al.
(författare)
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A methodological study of biotope mapping in nature conservation
- 2010
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Ingår i: Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-8667 .- 1610-8167. ; 9, s. 161-166
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reviews biotope mapping methods in nature conservation and shows that the perspectives of biotope mapping have changed from protection of valuable biotopes for rare and endangered species to a modern nature conservation strategy, i.e. maintaining and increasing biodiversity as a component of human daily life. Two key issues of biotope mapping are highlighted: how to increase the chances of people having contact with urban biodiversity based on biotope mapping, and how to develop an effective method of biotope mapping in order to obtain much more urban biodiversity information. It is found that comprehensive surveys of all land parcels are important in urban biotope mapping, and especially investigation of small-scale biotopes close to people's living places that still have potential biodiversity value. Many studies show that there is a close relation between vegetation structure and biodiversity. A modified biotope classification method integrated with structural variables is proposed for biotope mapping as a basis for urban biodiversity development. (C) 2010 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Maggioni, Lorenzo, et al.
(författare)
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Domestication, diversity and use of Brassica oleracea L., based on ancient Greek and Latin texts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 65, s. 137-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The domestication process of Brassica oleracea L. has not been fully clarified, either regarding its initial location or the progenitor species involved. Two alternative hypotheses proposed so far point to either a northwest European or a Mediterranean location. Previous studies to clarify the domestication process focused on linguistic aspects and on the earliest occurrences in ancient literature of words referring to B. oleracea. Those studies are here extended to offer a comprehensive account of literary occurrences of the brassica vegetables in ancient Greek and Latin texts, between the VI century B.C.E. and the IV century C.E. This study offers a contribution to ancient ethnobotanical knowledge in the Mediterranean, including agricultural practices and culinary and medicinal uses. It also defines the time when increasing diversity of crop varieties is documented and it adds weight to the hypothesis of a Mediterranean location of the domestication of B. oleracea.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Ortiz Rios, Rodomiro Octavio, et al.
(författare)
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Detection of duplicates among repatriated Nordic spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L. s.l.) accessions using agronomic and morphological descriptors and microsatellite markers
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 60, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Duplicate accessions in gene banks may be increasing while funding resources to maintain them are not always available. This research investigated the ability of agronomic and morphological descriptors for detecting duplicates among 138 repatriated putative Nordic barley germplasm and compared their use with results from previous research with microsatellite markers. These accessions were initially grouped into 36 potential duplicates according to passport data but further analysis with microsatellites reduce them to 22 genetically homogeneous groups. The analysis with 26 agronomic and morphological descriptors of putative Nordic spring barley accessions from nine gene banks was compared with a previous study with microsatellites. Each agronomic and morphological descriptor was weighed relative to its genetic determination with the aim of reducing the effect of environmental errors on genetic distances. Nonetheless, weighted and non-weighted genetic distances were significantly correlated (r = 0.956) but their respective correlations with genetic distances based on microsatellites were smaller (r = 0.526 and r = 0.498, respectively). Genetic distances based on agronomic and morphological descriptors were smaller than those based on microsatellites. The genetic distances based on agronomic and morphological descriptors showed a bimodal distribution, which was apparently due to the number of rows per spike. Our research demonstrated, nonetheless, the ability of genetic distances based on agronomic and morphological discriminators to detect genetic heterogeneity, although with reduced sensitivity compared with microsatellite markers. These results also suggest that grouping ensuing from either approach could reflect distinct patterns of diversity (due to different mutation rates and selection intensity) and are therefore complementary.
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| 10. |
- Pelger, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Hordein variation in the genus Hordeum as recognized by monoclonal antibodies.
- 1992
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Ingår i: Genome. - : Canadian Science Publishing. - 0831-2796 .- 1480-3321. ; 35:2, s. 200-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: The composition of the major storage protein, hordein, in wild barley species has been studied by using gel electrophoresis, Coomassie staining, and immunoblot assays. We have shown earlier that it is possible to obtain cross-reaction outside the cultivated barley, with monoclonal antibodies raised against hordeins from the barley cultivar Bomi. These antibodies have now been used to investigate the hordein composition in all species of the Hordeum genus. The results showed that polypeptides similar to the two major hordein groups of cultivated barley, the B- and C-hordeins, are produced in all wild Hordeum species, and that there are both similarities and differences between the two hordein groups. The similarities indicate a common evolutionary origin, while the distinction between B- and C-hordeins in the entire genus clearly shows that the divergence of their coding genes preceded the divergence of the Hordeum species. The presence of the same antigenic site in two different species indicates that they are evolutionarily related. Among the wild species, two rarely occurring sites were exclusively found in H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum and H. bulbosum, which confirms that they are the cultivated barley's closest relatives. Some of the antibodies also gave an extensive reaction pattern with H. murinum, which suggests a fairly close relationship to H vulgare, though not as close as between H. vulgare and H. bulbosum.
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| 11. |
- Salomon, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Evolutionary process of Hordeum brachyantherum 6x and related tetraploid species revealed by nuclear DNA sequences
- 2009
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Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 611-616
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A hexaploid form of Hordeum brachlyantherum ssp. brachyantherum was discovered in California in 1980, and its origin has since been studied over the past three decades. We applied EF-G, a nuclear DNA sequence, to infer the parents of the hexaploid form. In polyploid taxa, amplified DNAs were cloned into a vector, and EF-G copies were amplified from the colonies by PCR and digested with restriction enzymes to separate different types. Phylogenetic analysis was performed based on the DNA sequences. The result showed that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and 4x carried one identical DNA sequence of 910 bp, and had closely related DNA sequences of 931 bp. H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x and H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x shared one identical DNA sequence of 915 bp. From these results we hypothesized that H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 6x has evolved by an outcrossing between H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum 2x and H. brachyantherum ssp. brachyantherum 4x, followed by a chromosome doubling. Our results also indicate that H. marinum was involved in the polyploidization of H. secalinum, H. capense, and H. marinum. The origins of H. jubatum and H. depressum are discussed.
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| 12. |
- Snogerup, Sven, et al.
(författare)
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Flora and vegetation of Andros, Kikladhes, Greece.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Annales Musei Goulandris. - 0303-4704. ; 11, s. 85-270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An annotated list of the known vascular plants of Andros is provided, with notes on ecological preferences, altitudinal distributions and frequency. The total number of native and naturalized taxa of vascular plants listed is 1055. Exact localities are provided for the rarest species on the island. 74 maps are also provided for species with variously delimited distribution. For the species known to be more or less common some voucher specimens are cited together with an indication of their frequency. In the introductory chapters the main vegetation forms are discussed as well as the phytogeographic relationships and history of the flora. Endemics of the island and regional endemics are particularly commented on as are some recent introductions. Some minor areas of special interest for the protection of the Flora of the island are indicateded, and actual and possible future threats discussed.
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| 13. |
- Usubaliev, Birjan, et al.
(författare)
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Agronomic Performance of Spring Barley Cultivars under Different Eco-Environmental Conditions
- 2020
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Ingår i: Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. - : HARD Publishing Company. - 1230-1485 .- 2083-5906. ; 29, s. 4331-4344
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, five agronomic traits of 29 barley accessions were evaluated in different agro-environmental conditions. Accessions represented cultivars from Kyrgyzstan, Ukraine, and the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as landraces from northeastern and eastern Russia. The field experiments were carried out in two countries (Latvia and Kyrgyzstan) in order to select the suitable genotypes or cultivars as a source for Kyrgyz barley breeding programs. Among the accessions studied, we found material that can be used in Kyrgyz breeding as potential sources of earliness, spike length and TKW. Among the cultivars, 'Cecilia' from Sweden showed an attractive agronomic performance, and had constant behaviour under Kyrgyz climatic conditions during two years of trials. Other cultivars like 'Saana.', 'Sencis' and 'Mette' can also be included in future breeding due to their earliness, plant height, spike length and number of kernels. There were cultivars that had the stabile response of number of agronomic characters in these two locations over both years of trials. For example, the cultivars 'Cecilia', Mette, 'Saana' were stable in HD, SL, and NGS in different climatic conditions. Also, among the landraces there were candidates who showed stable behaviour for SL and TKW.
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| 14. |
- Usubaliev, Birjan, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic diversity in farmer grown spring barley material from Kyrgyzstan
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 60, s. 1843-1858
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the economically important cereal crops grown in the highlands of the Kyrgyz Republic. In marginal agricultural areas of the country barley is considered as irreplaceable and very suitable fodder crop for livestock. In this study the genetic diversity of currently grown farmers' spring barley material from Naryn and Issik-Kul provinces is described. In order to capture maximum diversity present in farmer field's different morphological types were collected. The 22 spring barley accessions collected in 2008 were described morphologically and analysed using fourteen simple sequences repeat (SSR) markers. Most material was two-rowed barley, 78 %, whereas six-rowed barley was only 22 %. The spike colours present were light yellow, dark yellow, brown and violet. The material varied also for such characters as length of spike and number of kernels per spike. For the SSR loci 129 alleles were detected with an average of 9.3 alleles per locus and a genetic diversity with an average of h = 0.721 per locus. Based on analysis of molecular variance the 71.3 % of genetic diversity accounted for within accession variation, whereas 27.4 % for among accession variation. The variation between provinces was not significantly different. A group of two-rowed barley was identified that was more closely related to six-rowed barley than to the rest of the two-rowed barley material. Two-rowed material currently grown in Kyrgyzstan is more diverse than six-rowed barley (h = 0.65, A = 8.8 vs. h = 0.59, A = 3.1). From this study we could conclude that the materials nowadays grown by farmers are mixtures. Since there are no geographic differentiation between these mixtures suggests that materials is frequently inter-exchanged between farmers and are most probably not landrace material. The question concerning the origin of these mixtures remains unsolved and further investigation will be carried out to identify sources of variation in farmers' field.
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| 15. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in leafy kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) landraces, cultivars and wild populations in Europe
- 2011
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 58, s. 657-666
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AFLP markers were used to characterize diversity and asses the genetic structure among 17 accessions of kale landraces, cultivars and wild populations from Europe. The range of average gene diversity in accessions was 0.11-0.27. Several landraces showed higher levels of diversity than the wild populations and one cultivar had the lowest diversity measures. The landraces that were most genetically diverse were from areas where kales are known to be extensively grown, suggesting in situ conservation in these areas as a supplement to storage of seeds in gene banks. An analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 62% of the total variation was found within accessions. For most accessions, genetic distance was not related to geographic distance. Similarities among accessions were probably not caused by recent gene flow since they were widely separated geographically; more likely the relationship among them is due to seed dispersal through human interactions. Our results indicate that a kale population found in a natural habitat in Denmark was probably not truly wild but most likely an escape from a cultivated Danish kale that had subsequently become naturalized.
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| 16. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Analysis of DNA sequence polymorphism at the cMWG699 locus reveals phylogenetic relationships and allopolyploidy within Hordeum murinum subspecies
- 2010
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Ingår i: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 147, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hordeum murinum L. is one of the most widely distributed species in the genus Hordeum. This species is composed of three subspecies with three ploidy levels, namely subsp. glaucum (2x=14), subsp. murinum (4x=28) and subsp. leporinum (4x=28, 6x=42). These three subspecies are morphologically similar and are frequently referred to as the 'murinum complex'. Although many cytological studies suggest that the murinum complex is allopolyploid, one inter-specific hybridization study suggested that it is autopolyploid. The goals of the present study are to identify nucleotide variation in the cMWG699 locus in the polyploid genomes of the murinum complex, to conduct molecular phylogenetic analysis of this locus, and to clarify the allo- versus auto-polyploidy status of the murinum complex. For this purpose, PCR-RFLP analysis was conducted with HhaI and SspI restriction enzymes on 80 H. murinum accessions. Single enzyme digestion data revealed polymorphism between diploid and polyploids, and double-digestion revealed polymorphism between tetra- and hexaploids. The nucleotide sequences of clones clearly show that polyploid murinum species are allopolyploid. In addition, DNA sequence analysis indicated that one donor of the tetraploid was subsp. glaucum (2x), as has been suggested previously by cytological studies. The other diploid donors were not identified, but at least one group of sequences common to 4x and 6x genomes (namely clonetype B) was highly diverged from 2x subsp. glaucum. The two tetraploid subspecies, 4x subsp. murinum and 4x subsp. leporinum, had identical DNA sequences, suggesting that these two subspecies are not differentiated at the cMWG699 locus.
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| 17. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Behöver Sverige växtförädling?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sveriges utsädesförenings tidskrift. - 0039-6990. ; 117, s. 18-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Connection between rod bivalents and incomplete meiotic association at NORs in Hordeum marinum Huds.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 149, s. 139-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hypothesis of a connection between rod bivalent formation and incomplete meiotic association at NORs of SAT-chromosomes of H. marinum is supported. PMCs of H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum (2x), two diploid ssp. marinum x ssp. gussoneanum (2x) hybrids and two ssp. gussoneanum (4x) x Secale cereale hybrids at metaphase I (M-I) were analyzed by in situ hybridization. The probe pTa71 labelled rDNA sites at NORs of a single pair of homologous or near-homologous SAT-chromosomes of H. marinum in each material. In the three diploids, M-I was regular with ring bivalents and one or a few rods (av.13.52 bound arms cell-1). More rod bivalents than the expected one out of seven, i.e. 30, 67 and 89% included rDNA-carrying chromosomes. Corresponding bound short arm frequencies were 0.89, 0.72 and 0.52, while long arms and arms of other chromosomes presented complete or near- complete association. The two heterogenomic hybrids had a less regular M-I (av. 8.04 bound arms cell-1) including 20% rDNA-carrying rods with bound arm frequencies of 0.29 in short and 0.87 in long arms. Positions of chromosome associations were established in all 150 rDNA-carrying bivalents. In 77 bivalents with short arm associations, 4% of these occurred proximally to, none at, and 96% distally to rDNA sites, i.e. in satellites. In 143 bivalents with long arm associations, 83% occurred at interstitial and 17% at terminal positions. The observations combine increased frequency of rDNA-carrying rods with decreased frequency of association at NOR regions of SAT-chromosomes. The basis for the relationship is discussed.
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| 20. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Diversity of Kale Growing in Europe as a Basis for Crop Improvement
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1005, s. 141-147
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef.) seems to be the most ancient crop belonging to the B. oleracea vegetables. It is grown in European countries, mainly in home gardens and peri-urban farms, to satisfy the requirements of families and local communities. The produce is represented mainly by shoots, which are utilized to prepare several traditional foods, whereas the old leaves are utilized for feeding animals. Kale seems to be the ancestor of several B. oleracea vegetable crops because it is very similar to B. oleracea wild type and to several wild Brassica species (n=9). The landraces are disappearing as a consequence of changed social and economic conditions and of introduction of new Brassica cultivars and crops providing higher yields. Twenty-three accessions were characterized by the main IBPGR and UPOV Brassica descriptors at the Agricultural Experimental Farm (AEF) of Catania University. They data registered allowed their classification into in several distinctive groups. The diversity observed could be of great interest in view of potential crop improvement.
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| 21. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Genetic diversity and population structure of leafy kale and Brassica rupestris Raf. in south Italy
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hereditas. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0018-0661 .- 1601-5223. ; 151, s. 145-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Local varieties of leafy kales (Brassica oleracea L.) are grown in home gardens in Calabria and Sicily for self-consumption, in the same area where the wild relative Brassica rupestris Raf. also grows. With the use of AFLP markers, comparisons were made of the genetic diversity and population structure of ten wild and 22 cultivated populations, as well as of a hybrid population and of four commercial cultivars of different B. oleracea crops. The level of genetic diversity was higher in leafy kales than in wild populations and this diversity was mainly distributed within populations. Wild populations remained distinct from cultivated material. Additionally, most wild populations were distinctively isolated from each other. On the other hand, it was not possible to molecularly distinguish even geographically distant leafy kale populations from each other or from different B. oleracea crops. It was possible to detect inter-crossing between leafy kales and B. rupestris. Findings from this study illustrate the existing level of genetic diversity in the B. oleracea gene pool. Individual populations (either wild or leafy kales) with higher levels of genetic diversity have been identified and suggestions are given for an informed conservation strategy. Domestication hypotheses are also discussed.
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| 22. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Genetic gap analysis of wild Hordeum taxa
- 2012
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Ingår i: Plant Genetic Resources. - 1479-2621. ; 10, s. 242-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To facilitate the updating of in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for wild taxa of the genus Hordeum L., a combined ecogeographic survey and gap analysis was undertaken. The analysis was based on the Global Inventory of Barley Plant Genetic Resources held by ICARDA plus additional datasets, resulting in a database containing 17,131 wild Hordeum accessions. The analysis concluded that a genetic reserve should be established in the Mendoza Province of Argentina, as this is the most species-rich area globally for Hordeum. A network of reserves should also be set up across the Fertile Crescent in Israel, Palestine, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Turkey to provide effective conservation within the centres of diversity for gene pools 1B (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (C. Koch) Thell.) and 2 (Hordeum bulbosum L.). The majority of the species were deemed under-collected, so further collecting missions are required worldwide where possible. Although ex situ and in situ conservation strategies have been developed, there needs to be further investigation into the ecological environments that Hordeum species occupy to ensure that any adaptive traits expressed are fully conserved. Additionally, studies are required to characterize existing collections and test the viability of rare species accessions held in genebanks to determine whether further ex situ collections are required alongside the proposed in situ conservation.
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| 23. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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In Memoriam: Arne Hagberg
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sveriges utsädesförenings tidskrift. - 0039-6990. ; 117, s. 86-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 24. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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In Memoriam: Arnulf Merker
- 2010
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Ingår i: Sveriges utsädesförenings tidskrift. - 0039-6990. ; 117, s. 81-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 25. |
- von Bothmer, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Jord : mylla, mark och makt
- 2017
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Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Våra jordar är basen för en hållbar matproduktion. Vi har tagit jorden och jordarna för självklara men jordens hälsa är en garanti för framtiden. Jorden vi trampar på är av största vikt för allt levande på land. Med tanke på den alarmerande hastighet med vilken världens jordar håller på att förstöras är det viktigt att fästa uppmärksamheten på jord som en värdefull resurs som måste bevaras och utnyttjas skonsamt.Människans historia har varit beroende av hur vi skött eller misskött våra jordar. Våra jordar är dock så mycket mer än den geologiska och biologiska sfären. Jord är också ett laddat begrepp. Jorden bevarar spåren efter tidens flöde och berättar med sina på många ställen tjocka kulturlager. Den är ett arkiv över människans historia och utveckling.Jordens bördighet har varit grunden för alla stora kulturer på vår planet, och krig har utkämpats för att mätta hungern efter bördig jord. Under millennierna har jorden haft en stor symbolisk betydelse, Av jord är du kommen och fosterjorden är uttryck som visar det laddade värdet som jorden och myllan har. Att äga och bruka sin egen jord har under alla tider varit en drivkraft hos människan.Vi lever i människans tidevarv, Antropocen, och i dag är det vi som styr jordens naturgeografi. Är det en slump att rädda våra själar, Save Our Souls (S.O.S.), låter så lika rädda våra jordar, Save our Soils? Ande och materia är nära förbundna och att rädda den värdefulla jorden bidrar också till att rädda oss själva. Är det också en slump att den jorden vi odlar i är homonym till planeten Jorden vi bor på när den astronomiskt korrekta termen egentligen är planeten Tellus?Med denna essäantologi vill vi belysa komplexiteten i begreppet jord och hur dess betydelse genomsyrar hela vår tillvaro. Den är ett möte mellan humaniora, naturvetenskap och agrikultur och syftar till att öka kunskapen och förståelsen om vår sköna och sköra jord.
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| 26. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Long-Term Storage and Longevity of Orthodox Seeds: A Systematic Review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-462X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of conservation of plant genetic resources, long-term storage of seeds is highly relevant for genebanks. Here we present a systematic review and a meta-analysis of studies on seed longevity focusing on half-life (P-50) under different storage conditions. Six studies were selected for the meta-analysis; in addition, a high number of additional references were included in the discussion of the results. The results show that under ambient conditions, half-life is short, from 5 to 10 years, while under more optimal conditions, which for orthodox seeds is at low humidity and low temperature, half-life is more in the 40-60 years range, although with large interspecies variation. Under long-term genebank conditions, with seeds dried to equilibrium and thereafter kept at minus 18-20 degrees C in waterproof bags or jars, half-life can be twice or three times as long. In general, many of the grain legume seeds, as well as corn, common oat, and common barley are long-lived, while cereal rye, onion, garden lettuce, pepper, and some of the forage grasses are more short-lived. Conditions during maturation and harvesting influence longevity, and proper maturation and gentle handling are known to be of importance. Seed longevity models have been developed to predict final germination based on initial viability, temperature, humidity, storage time, and species information. We compared predicted germination to results from the long-term experiments. The predicted values were higher or much higher than the observed values, which demonstrate that something in the seed handling in the genebanks have not been optimal. Long-term studies are now available with data at least up to 60 years of storage. Our review shows that the knowledge and methodology developed for the conservation of plant genetic resources should also work for wild species of orthodox seed nature.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Phylogeny of two tetraploid Hordeum species, H. secalinum and H. capense inferred from physical mapping of 5S and 18S-25S rDNA
- 2009
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Ingår i: Breeding Science. - : Japanese Society of Breeding. - 1344-7610 .- 1347-3735. ; 59, s. 589-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously showed that H. secalinum and H. capense are allotetraploids carrying the Xa genome of H. marinum and the I genome of an unidentified diploid species. In this study, intraspecific variation in each tetraploid species was investigated with regard to intergenomic translocations and chromosomal distribution of rDNA sites. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that three H. secalinum accessions examined did not carry intergenomic translocations, but that two of three H. capsense accessions analyzed carried a pair of intergenomic translocations. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization showed that H. secalinum? included two types of rDNA pattern differing in the presence or absence of an extra 5S rDNA site in a submetacentric chromosome pair of the Xa-genome origin. The extra 5S rDNA site was found in all H. capense accessions examined. This 5S rDNA site is characteristic of H. marinum ssp. gussoneanum, but is absent in ssp. marinum. Polymorphisms in the 5S rDNA site infer that H. secalinum included two types, one having ssp. gussoneanum 2x and the other having ssp. marinum, as the Xa-genome donor. We conclude that H. capense originated from a limited number of H. secalinum accessions introduced probably through migrating birds to South Africa.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Scientific names in the Triticeae
- 2009
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Ingår i: Genetics and genomics of Triticeae. - New York, NY : Springer US. - 9780387774886 ; 7:7, s. 3-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 35. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Seed Germination after 30 Years Storage in Permafrost
- 2020
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Ingår i: Plants. - : MDPI AG. - 2223-7747. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- More than 30 years ago, the Nordic Gene Bank established a long-term experiment on seeds stored under permafrost conditions in an abandoned mine corridor in Svalbard, as a tool to monitor storage life under these conditions. The study included seeds from 16 Nordic agricultural and horticultural crops, each represented by two or three cultivars (altogether 38 accessions). All seeds were ultra-dried to 3-5% moisture before being sealed in glass tubes. Germination tests were performed in accordance with the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) protocols. At the initiation of the experiment, the samples showed good germination with the median value at 92%. The overall picture remained stable over the first twenty to twenty-five years. However, the variation became larger over time and at 30 years, the median value had dropped to 80%. At the lower end, with a high drop in germination, we found rye, wheat, and English ryegrass. At the upper end, we found Kentucky bluegrass and cucumber. The lowest germination was found in samples with the highest initial seed moisture levels. Pre-storage conditions are likely to be of major importance for longevity.
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| 36. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Seed yield and protein content in the Weibullsholm Pisum collection
- 2017
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 64, s. 2035-2047
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, agriculture is highly dependent on imported soybean from South America. Potential alternative sources are protein from peas (Pisum sativum L.) or more local sources like other grain legumes or rapeseed meal (Brassica napus L. subsp. oliefera). These are also good rotation crops. For farmers, protein and yield are key traits. In this study, a dataset containing 37 descriptors and 1222 accessions from a germplasm collection of P. sativum was analyzed. Scatterplot matrixes and tree regression analysis were used to establish the relationship among descriptors and to identify the most important predictors for seed yield and protein content respectively. Number of flowers per plant was shown to be important for seed yield prediction, followed by number of inflorescences per plant and number of pods per plant. In general, a negative correlation between seed protein content and seed yield was detected, but a few accessions that had both high seed yield and high protein content were identified. The results are discussed in relation to crop improvement and the importance of maintaining germplasm collections.
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| 37. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Signs of Inter-Crossing between Leafy Kale Landraces and Brassica rupestris in Southern Italy
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta Horticulturae. - 0567-7572 .- 2406-6168. ; 1005, s. 165-172
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In southern Italy, landraces of leafy kales are grown in home gardens, sometimes in close proximity to populations of wild relatives. Inter-crossing between wild and cultivated populations might affect allele frequency patterns of the respective populations. This has implications for genetic resource conservation and overall variability of the Brassica genepool currently in use. AFLP studies on wild Brassica and leafy kale landraces collected in Calabria and Sicily show evidence that inter-crossing between leafy kale and Brassica rupestris is a common phenomenon.
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| 38. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland
(författare)
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Survey and genetic diversity of wild Brassica oleracea L. germplasm on the Atlantic coast of France
- 2020
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Ingår i: Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0925-9864 .- 1573-5109. ; 67, s. 1853-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wild populations of Brassica oleracea subsp. oleracea growing on European Atlantic coasts deserve attention since their diversity could contribute useful alleles to the Brassica oleracea cole crops (cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, etc.). These populations have also been proposed as the source from which cole crops have been domesticated. Other authors have challenged their natural origin and suspected their derivation from vegetable brassicas escaped from fields and gardens. Our study surveyed northwestern French coastal areas and analysed with Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) markers the genetic diversity and structure of nine wild populations, as well as of five accessions of locally grown B. oleracea crops. This study offered the highest level of detail ever presented about the distribution of wild B. oleracea populations along the French Atlantic coast. Populations analysed showed a low level of genetic differentiation, which might be explained by a relatively recent origin of all the populations from a common source, more likely than by insufficient physical or distance barriers to intercrossing. Traditional varieties commonly grown in the same area were not fully distinguishable from the wild populations on a molecular level. The level of genetic diversity of the wild populations was similar to, or lower than that of the cultivated crops. Therefore, the absence of a domestication bottleneck invited us to exclude the wild French populations as the likely source of original domestication events. Populations with higher levels of genetic diversity that could be targeted for conservation and breeding were the wild Penly and Petites Dalles and the Saint-Saens cabbage.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Von Bothmer, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Vetenskapen säger - om genmodifierande växter
- 2022
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Ingår i: Vetenskapen säger.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Växtförädling har använts inom jordbruket i tusentals år. Men den explosiva utvecklingen inom cell- och molekylärbiologin på senare år har gett oss nya möjligheter att förädla växter med hjälp av genteknik. Resultatet kan bli minskad användning av gödsel och bekämpningsmedel samt nyttigare grödor som klarar ett förändrat klimat. Den här skriften vill beskriva vetenskapens syn på den roll som genmodifierade växter och växtförädling kan spela.
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| 41. |
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