| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Arcini, Caroline, et al.
(författare)
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Living conditions in times of plague
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment, Society and the Black Death. - : Oxbow Books. - 9781785700545
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Kungahällaprojektet - en bakgrundsteckning
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0280-4174 .- 0283-6874. - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 - 9122019316 ; , s. 9-28
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Kungahälla was the southernmost town in medieval Norway. The site, now in Sweden, is about 2 kmwest of today's Kungälv. Kungahälla occupies a significant place in the oldest written sources, the Norse sagas, where we have a glimpse of the important role that the town played in early medieval Norwegian society. Opinions have been divided as to how far back this role can he taken, but there is no certain written information before the first half of the twelfth century. The written sources nevertheless tell us that royal influence over the town was considerable. Kungahälla is first mentioned as one of six civitates in Norway in 1130, by the English historian Ordericus Vitalis. Kungahalla was the site of the first monastery to be founded in Bohuslan, Kastellekioster, an Augustinian house in all probability founded in the 1160s under the auspices of Archbishop Eystein. In the latter half of the thirteenth century a Franciscan friary was also built, mentioned for the first time in 1272. An important structure is the fortress on Ragnhildsholmen in Nordre Älv, completed by 1257 At the end of the nineteenth century, Wilhelm Berg investigated the ruins of the RagnhiIdsholmen fortress and a few years later the Augustinian friary, as well as parts of the town. A small-scale investigation of the Augustinian friary also took place in 1942. In the 1950s there were excavations of the Franciscan friary, when parts of a churchyard withthe remains of a surrounding wall were documented. In addition, parts of yet another churchyard with its wall remains were investigated in 1958. There was no concerted picture of the archaeological history of the place until publication no. 29 of the Medieval Town Project. During the 1980s the possibility of conducting new archaeological investigations within the area ofthe old town arose once again. After trial digs in 1985, a programme was drawn up for a project, the main aim of which was to determine the character of Kungahälla in the period up to the thineenth-century expansion. It is reasonable to regard the investigations of Kungahälla as part of the broad range of urban investigations geared to the Early Middle Ages in Scandinavia. What makes the Kungahälla Project particularly interesting is, of course, the geographical location of the town, along with the problems associated with the concept of urbanization that the archaeological findings have clearly demonstrated.There are several circumstances in the early development which, in our opinion, make it very interesting to formulate a more ambiguous concept of urbanization than scholars have previously workedwith. Ordericus mentions a civitas in the mid-1130s, but what did it look like, and what functions did it have? Was it a town in whatever sense we mean by the concept of town? Or is it the case that urbanization can stand for a much broader process, or be a narrow part of a much broader process for which we should use some other term? In the book we present the results of the investigations, also including a couple of more analytical sections (chapters 9 and 10) which sum up the findings and try to put them in a broader context, while also providing a point of departure for continued discussion.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Kungahällas urbanisering i ett västsvenskt perspektiv
- 2002
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Ingår i: Kungahälla. Problem och forskning kring stadens äldsta historia. Skrifter utgivna av Bohusläns museum och Bohusläns hembygdsförbund nr 70, Lund Studies in Medieval Archaeology nr 28. - 0283-6874 .- 0280-4174. - 9122019316 - 9176861376 - 9176861376 - 9122019316 ; , s. 187-199
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Bertilsson, Carolina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Caries prevalence and other dental pathological conditions in Vikings from Varnhem, Sweden.
- 2023
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Ingår i: PloS one. - 1932-6203. ; 18:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a late Swedish Viking Age population dating from around 10th-12th century AD, the prevalence, distribution and location of dental caries were studied. Tooth wear, other dental pathology and anatomical variations were identified and recorded clinically and radiographically. A total of 3293 teeth were analyzed from 171 individuals with complete and partial dentitions, of which 133 were permanent and 38 deciduous/mixed dentition. The dentitions were studied clinically, using a dental probe under a strong light source, and radiographs were taken for 18 of the individuals to verify and complement the clinical caries registration. Almost half the population, 83 of 171 individuals (49%), had at least one carious lesion. All individuals with deciduous or mixed dentitions were caries-free. The number of teeth affected by caries among adults was 424 (13%) and the surface most susceptible to caries was the root surface. The tooth most commonly affected by caries was the first mandibular molar. Other findings included apical infections, which were detected clinically in 4% of the teeth, and one case of filed front teeth. The findings gave a unique understanding of life and death in this early Christian Viking community and indicated that it was common to suffer from dental caries, tooth loss, infections of dental origin and tooth pain. These Vikings also manipulated their teeth through filing, tooth picking and other occupational behaviors.
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| 7. |
- Bertilsson, Carolina, 1990, et al.
(författare)
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Dental markers of biocultural sex differences in an early modern population from Gothenburg, Sweden: caries and other oral pathologies
- 2021
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Ingår i: BMC oral health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6831. ; 21:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the aim to study dental pathological lesions in an early Swedish modern population, with special reference to sex variances of dental caries, the prevalence and distribution of dental caries and tooth wear were determined in complete and partial human dentitions from an early modern-time city graveyard (1500-1620) excavated in Gamlestaden, Gothenburg, Sweden.Partial and complete dentitions were examined through visual inspection and using a dental probe. Pathologies were studied, evaluated and presented by teeth and alveoli.The study population consisted of 308 individuals. A total of 4,951 teeth in adults and 1,660 teeth in children were examined. Caries prevalence in the studied population was 55% and the highest prevalence of caries was found among the adults, where 68% of the individuals had at least one carious lesion. Caries experience (DMT>0) in the entire population was 60%, and among adults caries experience was 76%. Women had significantly higher caries experience than men (p<0.05). Caries was most prevalent in the molar teeth and least prevalent in the incisors and canines. Significant age-related increases in tooth wear were found, and a positive correlation between wear in molars and incisors (p<0.001). Other clinical findings were signs of apical lesions, crowding of teeth, aplasia, non-erupted canines and calculus.Findings show that dental pathological lesions affected a majority of the studied population, and indicate that women were more predisposed to dental disease than their male counterparts. Results are discussed from a multi-factorial explanation model including dietary, physiological and cultural etiological factors.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hjertman, Martina, 1982, et al.
(författare)
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The Social Impacts of War: Agency and Everyday Life in the Borderlands during the Early Seventeenth Century
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Historical Archaeology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1092-7697 .- 1573-7748. ; 22:2, s. 226-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we address some of the social impacts of war, including issues of negotiating identity during displacement caused by war. What it meant to be Swedish or Danish-Norwegian in a town where there was a not insubstantial population of foreign merchants would clearly be an ambiguous situation. Burghers were elected by fellow citizens, who were themselves from other parts of Sweden, Scandinavia, and Northern Europe, including Germany, Holland, England, and Scotland. Allegiances were contingent, and in many cases among aliens probably more local than national. The social impacts of war in modern-day west Sweden extended beyond the towns directly affected, such as Nya Lödöse and Ny Varberg. The degree to which individuals could act with agency and autonomy was contingent and context-specific. Forced migration and the negotiation of identity are issues that remain relevant today; questions of memory, property, trauma, history, and narratives are still debated by combatants and non-combatants. Many of the issues which both civilians and military men and women experienced in the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century wars between Sweden and Denmark-Norway are much the same as in more recent times. The social impacts of war in the seventeenth century were no less than those experienced in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Malmström, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Finding the founder of Stockholm - A kinship study based on Y-chromosomal, autosomal and mitochondrial DNA
- 2012
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Ingår i: Annals of Anatomy. - : Elsevier. - 0940-9602 .- 1618-0402. ; 194:1, s. 138-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Historical records claim that Birger Magnusson (died 1266), famous regent of Sweden and the founder of Stockholm, was buried in Varnhem Abbey in Vastergotland. After being lost for centuries, his putative grave was rediscovered during restoration work in the 1920s. Morphological analyses of the three individuals in the grave concluded that the older male, the female and the younger male found in the grave were likely to be Birger, his second wife Mechtild of Holstein and his son Erik from a previous marriage. More recent evaluations of the data from the 1920s seriously questioned these conclusions, ultimately leading to the reopening and reexamination of the grave in 2002. Ancient DNA-analyses were performed to investigate if the relationship between the three individuals matched what we would expect if the individuals were Birger, Erik and Mechtild. We used pyrosequencing of Y-chromosomal and autosomal SNPs and compared the results with haplogroup frequencies of modern Swedes to investigate paternal relations. Possible maternal kinship was investigated by deep FLX-sequencing of overlapping mtDNA amplicons. The authenticity of the sequences was examined using data from independent extractions, massive clonal data, the c-statistics, and real-time quantitative data. We show that the males carry the same Y-chromosomal haplogroup and thus we cannot reject a father-son type of relation. Further, as shown by the mtDNA analyses, none of the individuals are maternally related. We conclude that the graves indeed belong to Birger, Erik and Mechtild, or to three individuals with the exact same kind of biological relatedness.
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| 14. |
- Margaryan, Ashot, et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of the Viking world
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-4687 .- 0028-0836. ; 585:7825, s. 390-396
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The maritime expansion of Scandinavian populations during the Viking Age (about ad750–1050) was a far-flung transformation in world history1,2. Here we sequenced the genomes of 442humans from archaeological sites across Europe and Greenland (to a median depth of about 1×) to understand the global influence of this expansion. We find the Viking period involved gene flow into Scandinavia from the south and east. We observe genetic structure within Scandinavia, with diversity hotspots in the south and restricted gene flow within Scandinavia. We find evidence for a major influx of Danish ancestry into England; a Swedish influx into the Baltic; and Norwegian influx into Ireland, Iceland and Greenland. Additionally, we see substantial ancestry from elsewhere in Europe entering Scandinavia during the Viking Age. Our ancient DNA analysis also revealed that a Viking expedition included close family members. By comparing with modern populations, we find that pigmentation-associated loci have undergone strong population differentiation during the past millennium, and trace positively selected loci—including the lactase-persistence allele of LCT and alleles of ANKA that are associated with the immune response—in detail. We conclude that the Viking diaspora was characterized by substantial transregional engagement: distinct populations influenced the genomic makeup of different regions of Europe, and Scandinavia experienced increased contact with the rest of the continent.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sjögren, Karl-Göran, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating caprine remains of the Swedish Funnel Beaker Culture through ZooMS
- 2023
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Ingår i: Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1866-9557 .- 1866-9565. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In northern Europe, the first indications of a Neolithic lifestyle appear around 4000 cal BC from northern Germany up to middle Sweden and south-eastern Norway in an apparently short period of time, largely carried by immigrant populations bringing new species of plants and animals into the region. However, the nature of this domestication “package” is not everywhere the same, whereby both environmental and cultural filters acted on the particular set of species cultivated and bred in different regions. In Neolithic Scandinavia, cattle, pigs, and caprines (sheep and goat) are all present in varying proportions, with cattle more prominent in Denmark and pigs more prominent in more northerly areas. However, little is known about the ratio of sheep to goat remains within this region, largely due to difficulties in morphologically separating the two species. In this paper, we report the results from ZooMS analysis of 45 sheep/goat bone samples from two recently excavated Funnel Beaker settlements in Karleby, Falbygden, Sweden. The ZooMS analyses gave a clear and somewhat surprising result: 33 of the samples were classed as sheep, one as deer, and none of them as goat. In all likelihood, goats have not been present at all on these sites. A survey of the literature shows that while small numbers of goats are likely present in Denmark from the Early Neolithic, their presence in Sweden at this time is ambiguous and the few claims merit reassessment. Furthermore, the low numbers in Scandinavia compared to central and southern Europe suggests an overall geographic trend, with decreasing proportions of caprines as well as goats in the north.
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| 17. |
- Sjögren, Karl-Göran, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Middle Neolithic economy in Falbygden, Sweden. Preliminary results from Karleby Logården.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Müller, Johannes, Martin Hinz, Maria Wunderlich (eds): Megaliths – Societies – Landscapes. Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe,vol2. Proceedings of the international conference »Megaliths – Societies – Landscapes. Early Monumentality and Social Differentiation in Neolithic Europe« (16th–20th June 2015) in Kiel.. - Bonn : Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH. - 9783774942134
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 18. |
- Sten, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Erik den heliges skelett : [Saint Erik's skeleton]
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent scientific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, Xray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon confirms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35–40yearold man inexcellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connectionwith his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preservedversion was written 130 years after the event.
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| 19. |
- Sten, Sabine, et al.
(författare)
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Erik den heliges skelett
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 111:1, s. 27-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Saint Erik was King of Sweden for a few years up to 1160, when he was killed. A skeleton attributed to him is kept in Uppsala Cathedral. It underwent scientific reappraisal in 2014. The analyses included computer tomography, Xray absorptiometry, isotope analysis and DNA sampling. Radiocarbon confirms the alleged age of the bones. They belong to a 35-40-year-old man in excellent physical shape. The many wounds that he received in connection with his death fit surprisingly well with the saint's legend, whose preserved version was written 130 years after the event.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Sten, Sabine, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Storgravsprojektet : osteologiska analyser av yngre järnålderns benrika brandgravar
- 1988
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Ingår i: Fornvännen. - Stockholm : Kungl. Vitterhets historie och antikvitetsakademien. - 0015-7813 .- 1404-9430. ; 83:3, s. 145-156
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The authors have carried out osteological analyses on 14 cremation graves which are extremely rich in bones. The analysed Late Iron Age graves are concentrated to the Lake Mälaren valley. The resulta show tha) a great number ol animals were sacrificed on lhe funeral pyres in honour of the dead. The animals include trained falcons and bawks. They reveal that falconry already in the 6th century was pracliced by the wealthy class.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Svensson, Emma M., et al.
(författare)
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A DNA test for sex identification in cattle confirms osteometric results
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Archaeological Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0305-4403 .- 1095-9238. ; 35:4, s. 942-946
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is of vital importance to be able to sex identify cattle remains to understand the strategies and importance of cattle husbandry in an ancient society. This is usually done from osteoarchaeological assemblages and often relies on measurements of metapodials. The breadth measurement of the distal trochlea is considered an easy way to identify the sex. Bones from males appears to be easily distinguishable from female counterparts, although it has been complicated to find an external control for the morphological results. Here we investigate the reliability of these particular morphometrics for sex identifying cattle bones with molecular genetics. We use a sex discriminating single nucleotide polymorphism in the ZFXY gene and we apply it to DNA from the bones. To keep the fragment size short and suitable for ancient DNA we base the test on a SNP. The test confirms the osteological sex identification in all cases were DNA could be retrieved. This molecular method can also be used when no fragments suitable for osteological sex identification can be found or when the measurements are non-conclusive.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Vretemark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Benen från Sankt Knuts kapellruin
- 2008
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Ingår i: Gråborg på Ölan. - : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 9789174023800 ; , s. 219-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 29. |
- Vretemark, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Djur och människor i Gråborg
- 2008
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Ingår i: Gråborg på Öland. - : Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. - 9789174023800 ; , s. 213-218
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
- Vretemark, Maria, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Gårdskyrkan i Varnhem
- 2020
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Ingår i: Varnhem - från järnåldersgård till klosterstiftelse / redaktör: Anna Lokrantz ; redaktionskommitté: Eva Björkman, Kerstin Lorentz, Claës Mörner, Ragnar Sigsjö.. - Skara : Västergötlands fornminnesförening. - 0347-4402. - 9789197925891 ; , s. 107-119
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
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They came from far and wide – strontium isotope analysis of the individuals buried at the early Christian site of Varnhem in southwestern Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Christianization of Sweden (8th–11th centuries) was a period of political, social, and religious 3 change, and it implies a period of movement and mobility. Recent excavations at the Varnhem 4 estate church grounds (Kata Gård), originally built around AD 1000 in Västergötland, Sweden, 5 have yielded information about this period. This study uses strontium isotopes to investigate the 6 lives of these early Christians buried at Varnhem and determine who the non-locals were. Our 7 results indicate that a large part of the adult population was non-local and had spent their 8 childhoods in other geological areas, whereas the children had local strontium isotope signatures.
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| 34. |
- Wathen, Crista Adelle, et al.
(författare)
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What were they eating at Varnhem? Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of an early Christian burial ground in southwestern Sweden
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden saw political, social, and religious changes during the 8th–11th centuries in connection to the conversion to Christianity. It was during this period that the social elite began building farm churches to serve their local communities. The private estate church at Kata Gård in Varnhem, province of Västergötland, Sweden, is one of the earliest examples. Previous analyses of osteology, strontium isotopes and DNA have provided insight into the life-histories of the individuals buried here. Here, palaeodietary analysis using stable carbon (δ13C), and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes demonstrate that the individuals at the site had a heterogenous terrestrial diet with aquatic influences with differences between high status males and the rest of the population.
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