| 1. |
- Lindskog, Bengt I., et al.
(författare)
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Medicinsk terminologi
- 2004
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berner, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-national and longitudinal study on predictors in starting and stopping Internet use (2001-2013) by Swedish and Dutch older adults 66 years and above
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gerontechnology. - : International Society for Gerontechnology. - 1569-1101 .- 1569-111X. ; 14:3, s. 157-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Internet and information com-munication technology is today considered as a means to sustain active and healthy ag-ing, and to provide better care for the aging population. There is an increase in prevalence in older adults using the Internet, however many are still not using the Internet. This study therefore, investigated predictors in starting and stopping Internet use by older adults between 2001-2013 in Sweden and the Netherlands. These represent currently two of the highest older adult Internet users in Europe. The aim of this study was to examine, first, if there was a different starting and stopping rate in Sweden and the Netherlands; second, if the predictors age, gender, education, rural/urban living, living alone/not, cognition and functional limitations have different effects in either country.Methods A cross-national and longitudinal design was chosen. Data was used from the Longitudinal Aging study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Cox regression analyses were done to test the predictors over time with starting or stop-ping Internet use. An interaction term ‘variable*country’ was then considered for each variable, if significant, leading to a stratification into a multivariate model per country. Results More older adults started use in the Netherlands (19%); lower in age, normal cognitive functioning, living alone, fewer functional limitations and lower education were predictive of starting. In Sweden fewer started (10.3%), where being female was the only significant predictor of starting use. Both countries did not have many people stopping use; in the Netherlands (3%) they were younger in age and living urban, whereas in Sweden (1.7%), they had lower cognitive functioning.Conclusion Results indicate that there are differences between countries in starting use. These differences can possibly be explained by the early adoption of the Internet in Sweden. The new findings that the older adults living alone and lower educated are now going online, are positive regarding the theme of active aging. For those stopping use, the differences are more country-specific. More research is needed in order to understand better what an older adult was using the Internet for and why they stop.
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| 7. |
- Berner, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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A cross-national and longitudinal study on predictors in starting and stopping Internet use (2001-2013) by Swedish and Dutch older adults 66 years and above
- 2016
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Ingår i: Gerontechnology. - : International Society for Gerontechnology. - 1569-1101 .- 1569-111X. ; 14:3, s. 157-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Internet and information communication technology is today considered as a means to sustain active and healthy aging, and to provide better care for the aging population. There is an increase in prevalence in older adults using the Internet, however many are still not using the Internet. This study therefore, investigated predictors in starting and stopping Internet use by older adults between 2001-2013 in Sweden and the Netherlands. These represent currently two of the highest older adult Internet users in Europe. The aim of this study was to examine, first, if there was a different starting and stopping rate in Sweden and the Netherlands; second, if the predictors age, gender, education, rural/urban living, living alone/not, cognition and functional limitations have different effects in either country. Methods A cross-national and longitudinal design was chosen. Data was used from the Longitudinal Aging study Amsterdam (LASA) and the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care (SNAC). Cox regression analyses were done to test the predictors over time with starting or stopping Internet use. An interaction term ‘variable*country’ was then considered for each variable, if significant, leading to a stratification into a multivariate model per country. Results More older adults started use in the Netherlands (19%); lower in age, normal cognitive functioning, living alone, fewer functional limitations and lower education were predictive of starting. In Sweden fewer started (10.3%), where being female was the only significant predictor of starting use. Both countries did not have many people stopping use; in the Netherlands (3%) they were younger in age and living urban, whereas in Sweden (1.7%), they had lower cognitive functioning. Conclusion Results indicate that there are differences between countries in starting use. These differences can possibly be explained by the early adoption of the Internet in Sweden. The new findings that the older adults living alone and lower educated are now going online, are positive regarding the theme of active aging. For those stopping use, the differences are more country-specific. More research is needed in order to understand better what an older adult was using the Internet for and why they stop. © 2016. Gerontechnology. All Rights Reserved.
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| 8. |
- Berner, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Factors influencing Internet usage in older adults (65 years and above) living in rural and urban Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Health Informatics Journal. - : Sage Publications. - 1460-4582 .- 1741-2811. ; 21:3, s. 237-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Older adults living in rural and urban areas have shown to distinguish themselves in technology adoption; a clearer profile of their Internet use is important in order to provide better technological and health-care solutions. Older adults' Internet use was investigated across large to midsize cities and rural Sweden. The sample consisted of 7181 older adults ranging from 59 to 100 years old. Internet use was investigated with age, education, gender, household economy, cognition, living alone/or with someone and rural/urban living. Logistic regression was used. Those living in rural areas used the Internet less than their urban counterparts. Being younger and higher educated influenced Internet use; for older urban adults, these factors as well as living with someone and having good cognitive functioning were influential. Solutions are needed to avoid the exclusion of some older adults by a society that is today being shaped by the Internet.
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| 9. |
- Bothou, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Current Management and Outcome of Pregnancies in Women With Adrenal Insufficiency : Experience from a Multicenter Survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : Oxford University Press. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Appropriate management of adrenal insufficiency (AI) in pregnancy can be challenging due to the rarity of the disease and lack of evidence-based recommendations to guide glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid dosage adjustment.Objective: Multicenter survey on current clinical approaches in managing AI during pregnancy.Design: Retrospective anonymized data collection from 19 international centers from 2013 to 2019.Setting and patients: 128 pregnancies in 113 women with different causes of AI: Addison disease (44%), secondary AI (25%), congenital adrenal hyperplasia (25%), and acquired AI due to bilateral adrenalectomy (6%).Results: Hydrocortisone (HC) was the most commonly used glucocorticoid in 83% (97/117) of pregnancies. Glucocorticoid dosage was increased at any time during pregnancy in 73/128 (57%) of cases. In these cases, the difference in the daily dose of HC equivalent between baseline and the third trimester was 8.6 ± 5.4 (range 1-30) mg. Fludrocortisone dosage was increased in fewer cases (7/54 during the first trimester, 9/64 during the second trimester, and 9/62 cases during the third trimester). Overall, an adrenal crisis was reported in 9/128 (7%) pregnancies. Cesarean section was the most frequent mode of delivery at 58% (69/118). Fetal complications were reported in 3/120 (3%) and minor maternal complications in 15/120 (13%) pregnancies without fatal outcomes.Conclusions: This survey confirms good maternal and fetal outcome in women with AI managed in specialized endocrine centers. An emphasis on careful endocrine follow-up and repeated patient education is likely to have reduced the risk of adrenal crisis and resulted in positive outcomes.
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| 10. |
- Brun, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Prognostic value of histopathological response to radiotherapy and microvessel density in oral squamous cell carcinomas
- 2001
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 40:4, s. 491-496
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prognostic value of histopathological response to preoperative radiotherapy (50 Gy) in radically resected oral carcinomas was studied in 39 consecutive patients. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated for relation to radioresponse and outcome. Resected tumour tissue was examined histopathologically and response to radiotherapy was scored according to induced morphological changes. Pretreatment biopsies were stained with antibodies to von Willebrand factor to evaluate MVD in hot-spot regions, in stromal tissue and in tumour epithelial tissue. Histopathological response to radiotherapy was highly prognostic of local failures and survival (p = 0.002), though microscopic surgical radicality was obtained. In good responders to preoperative radiotherapy, the 5-year survival rate was 68% compared with 24% in poor responders. In 12 patients with local recurrence after radical surgery, 11 had poor histopathological radiotherapy responses. In univariate analysis, a high MVD score in tumour epithelium was associated with poor clinical outcome but MVD did not correlate with histopathological radiotherapy response.
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| 11. |
- Burman, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Deaths Among Adult Patients With Hypopituitarism: Hypocortisolism During Acute Stress, and De Novo Malignant Brain Tumors Contribute to an Increased Mortality
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 98:4, s. 1466-1475
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Patients with hypopituitarism have an increased standardized mortality rate. The basis for Objective: To investigate in detail the cause of death in a large cohort of patients with hypopituitarism Design and Methods: All-cause and cause-specific mortality in 1286 Swedish patients with Main Outcome Measures: Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated, with stratification for Results: An excess mortality was found, 120 deaths vs 84.3 expected, SMR 1.42 (95% confidence Conclusion: Two important causes of excess mortality were identified: first, adrenal crisis in response
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| 12. |
- Casas, Rosaura, et al.
(författare)
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Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Injection Into Lymph Nodes: Beta Cell Function and Immune Responses in Recent Onset Type 1 Diabetes Patients
- 2020
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-3224. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In spite of intensive treatment Type 1 diabetes leads to serious complications. Preservation of residual beta cell function makes the disease milder, facilitates treatment, prevents complications and increase survival. So far immune interventions have had limited effect, and some serious adverse events and risks. In an open pilot trial we aimed to improve efficacy of GAD-alum treatment using lymph-node administration in combination with oral vitamin D. Here we report the clinical effect and focus on biomarkers for response to treatment. Patients (n = 12) aged 12 to 24 years with recent onset of Type 1 diabetes received 4 μg GAD-alum into lymph-node at day 30, 60, and 90, and oral Vitamin D 2000 U/d, days 1 to 120. Beta cell function was estimated by Mixed Meal Tolerance Tests. GADA, GADA subclasses, GAD65-induced cytokines and proliferation, and T cells markers were analyzed. The treatment was tolerable with no adverse events. Fasting C-peptide and insulin requirement remained stable at 15 months, while HbA1c was lower than baseline. Stimulated C-peptide showed no change at 6 months but declined after 15 months (81% of baseline). Eleven patients remained in partial remission (IDAAC < 9). Patients (n = 9) with better clinical outcome had reduced proportion of IgG1 and increased IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4, increased IL-10 secretion, and reduction of proliferation and CD8+ T cells activation. Patients with poorer clinical response had higher baseline levels of GAD65-induced cytokines and T-cell activation, and an increased ratio of effector/central memory T cells. Intra-lymphatic GAD treatment combined with Vitamin D might preserve beta cell function and improve clinical course in T1D. Patients with less benefit have a different quality of immune response both before and after treatment.
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| 13. |
- Casas, Rosaura, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Intra-lymphatic administration of GAD-alum in type 1 diabetes : long-term follow-up and effect of a late booster dose (the DIAGNODE Extension trial)
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Diabetologica. - : Springer. - 0940-5429 .- 1432-5233. ; 59:5, s. 687-696
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To evaluate the long-term effect of intra-lymphatic administration of GAD-alum and a booster dose 2.5 years after the first intervention (DIAGNODE Extension study) in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.Methods: DIAGNODE-1: Samples were collected from 12 patients after 30 months who had received 3 injections of 4 μg GAD-alum into a lymph node with one-month interval. DIAGNODE Extension study: First in human, a fourth booster dose of autoantigen (GAD-alum) was given to 3 patients at 31.5 months, who were followed for another 12 months. C-peptide was measured during mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs). GADA, IA-2A, GADA subclasses, GAD65-induced cytokines, PBMCs proliferation and T cells markers were analyzed.Results: After 30-month treatment, efficacy was still seen in 8/12 patients (good responders, GR). Partial remission (IDAA1c < 9) had decreased compared to 15 months, but did not differ from baseline, and HbA1c remained stable. GAD65-specific immune responses induced by the treatment started to wane after 30 months, and most changes observed at 15 months were undetectable. GADA subclasses IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 were predominant in the GR along with IgG1. A fourth intra-lymphatic GAD-alum dose to three patients after 31.5 months gave no adverse events. In all three patients, C-peptide seemed to increase the first 6 months, and thereafter, C-peptide, HbA1c, insulin requirement and IDAA1c remained stable.Conclusion: The effect of intra-lymphatic injections of GAD-alum had decreased after 30 months. Good responders showed a specific immune response. Administration of a fourth booster dose after 31.5 months was safe, and there was no decline in C-peptide observed during the 12-month follow-up.
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| 14. |
- Cassel-Lundhagen, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Wing morphology of the butterfly Coenonympha arcania in Europe: Traces of both historical isolation in glacial refugia and current adaptation
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - : Wiley. - 0947-5745 .- 1439-0469. ; 58:4, s. 929-943
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we examined the evolutionary outcome of and interplay between historic isolation and current selection pressures on traits more or less closely connected to fitness in the Pearly Heath butterfly (Coenonympha arcania) across its range in Europe. We hypothesized that a trait mean is more related to historic events if it has low connection to fitness, while a trait more closely connected with fitness is expected to have a mean that relates more to current selection pressures. In order to test this, we collected 322 butterflies from across the species range in Europe and measured five wing traits relating to size and color patterns. To infer a phylogeographic history for each individual, we sequenced a 594 bp fragment of the COI gene. The morphological data were then analyzed in relation to selected climatic variables and the history of individuals to disentangle which factors best correlated with morphological variation. The results supported our hypothesis in that wing sizes correlated with summer precipitation but not with its inferred location during the last glaciation. Eyespot position, on the other hand, correlated with the history of individuals but not with the analyzed climatic indicators. The sizes of the black spot and the white band, two traits that were expected to have intermediate selection pressure, were associated with both history and current conditions. Thus, this study illustrates the fascinating interplay between events and processes that lead to a specific evolutionary outcome.
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| 15. |
- Dietrich, Fabricia, et al.
(författare)
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Immune response differs between intralymphatic or subcutaneous administration of GAD-alum in individuals with recent onset Type 1 diabetes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Diabetes/Metabolism Research Reviews. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1520-7552 .- 1520-7560. ; 38:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Immunomodulation with autoantigens potentially constitutes a specific and safe treatment for Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Studies with GAD-alum administrated subcutaneously have shown to be safe, but its efficacy has been inconclusive. Administration of GAD-alum into the lymph nodes, aimed to optimize antigen presentation, has shown promising results in an open-label clinical trial. Here we compared the immune response of the individuals included in the trial with a group who received GAD-alum subcutaneously in a previous study.Materials and methods: Samples from T1D individuals collected 15 months after administration of either three doses 1 month apart of 4 μg GAD-alum into lymph nodes (LN, n=12) or two doses one month apart of 20 μg subcutaneously (SC, n=12) were studied. GADA, GADA subclasses, GAD65 -induced cytokines, PBMCs proliferation and T cells markers were analyzed.Results: Low doses of GAD-alum into the lymph nodes induced higher GADA levels than higher doses administrated subcutaneously. Immune response in the LN group was characterized by changes in GADA subclasses, with a relative reduction of IgG1 and enhanced IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4 proportion, higher GAD65 -induced secretion of IL-5, IL-10 and TNF-α and reduction of cell proliferation and CD8+ T cells. These changes were not observed after subcutaneous injections of GAD-alum.Conclusions: GAD-specific immune responses 15 months after lymph node injections of GAD-alum differed from the ones induced by subcutaneous administration of the same autoantigen.
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| 16. |
- Ericson, Peter, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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SWEtaxben: A Swedish Tax/benefit Micro Simulation Model and an Evaluation of a Swedish Tax Reform.
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of SWEtaxben is to evaluate the impact of changes in the tax/benefit systems on households as well as the central governmental budget. Relating to the micro simulation literature this model can be labeled a static micro simulation model with behavioral changes. This behavioral change takes two different forms and use two different types of models; first binary models that describe mobility in/out from non-work states such as old age pension, disability, unemployment, long term sickness and second models that describe change in working hours and welfare participation. Thus, apart from the choice to work or not to work, working hours conditional on working as well as welfare participation are treated as endogenous variables. As an application the model is used to evaluate the recent Swedish ?make work pay? reform, effective from 2007 and further reinforced in 2008 and 2009. The key characteristic of this reform is an in-work tax credit and decreased state tax rate. Simulations performed by SWEtaxben show increased working hours at both the intensive as well as extensive margin. The tax decrease together with dynamic changes results in a strong increase in household?s incomes but also a reduction in income inequality. However, even considering the increase in hours of work, the reform is far from being self-financed.
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| 17. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Common genetic variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) locus is associated with autoimmune Addison’s disease in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2045-2322. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) is the predominating cause of primary adrenal failure. Despite its high heritability, the rarity of disease has long made candidate-gene studies the only feasible methodology for genetic studies. Here we conducted a comprehensive reinvestigation of suggested AAD risk loci and more than 1800 candidate genes with associated regulatory elements in 479 patients with AAD and 2394 controls. Our analysis enabled us to replicate many risk variants, but several other previously suggested risk variants failed confirmation. By exploring the full set of 1800 candidate genes, we further identified common variation in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) as a novel risk locus associated to sporadic AAD in our study. Our findings not only confirm that multiple loci are associated with disease risk, but also show to what extent the multiple risk loci jointly associate to AAD. In total, risk loci discovered to date only explain about 7% of variance in liability to AAD in our study population.
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, D, et al.
(författare)
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Extended exome sequencing identifies BACH2 as a novel major risk locus for Addison's disease
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:6, s. 595-608
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Autoimmune disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Addison's disease, the adrenal glands are targeted by destructive autoimmunity. Despite being the most common cause of primary adrenal failure, little is known about its aetiology.METHODS: To understand the genetic background of Addison's disease, we utilized the extensively characterized patients of the Swedish Addison Registry. We developed an extended exome capture array comprising a selected set of 1853 genes and their potential regulatory elements, for the purpose of sequencing 479 patients with Addison's disease and 1394 controls.RESULTS: We identified BACH2 (rs62408233-A, OR = 2.01 (1.71-2.37), P = 1.66 × 10(-15) , MAF 0.46/0.29 in cases/controls) as a novel gene associated with Addison's disease development. We also confirmed the previously known associations with the HLA complex.CONCLUSION: Whilst BACH2 has been previously reported to associate with organ-specific autoimmune diseases co-inherited with Addison's disease, we have identified BACH2 as a major risk locus in Addison's disease, independent of concomitant autoimmune diseases. Our results may enable future research towards preventive disease treatment.
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| 19. |
- Hafström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of survival in advanced oral cancers after salvage surgery with free tissue flap reconstruction
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0937-4477 .- 1434-4726. ; 280:6, s. 2953-2964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To identify prognostic factors for patients with advanced persistent, recurrent, or 2nd primary oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) potentially unsuitable for salvage surgery with free tissue flap (FTF) reconstruction. Materials and methods: A population-based cohort of 83 consecutive patients with advanced OCSCC who underwent salvage surgery with FTF reconstruction at a tertiary referral centre between 1990 and 2017. Retrospective uni- and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors affecting all-cause mortality (ACM), i.e., overall survival (OS), as well as disease-specific mortality (DSM), i.e., disease-specific survival (DSS) after salvage surgery. Results: Median disease-free interval until recurrence was 15 months with recurrent stage I/II in 31% and III/IV in 69%. Median age at salvage surgery was 67 years (range 31–87) and the median follow-up (alive patients) 126 months. At 2, 5, and 10 years after salvage surgery, respectively, DSS rates were 61%, 44%, and 37% and OS rates 52%, 30%, and 22%. Median DSS was 26 and OS 43 months. Multivariable analysis identified recurrent clinical regional (cN-plus) disease [HR 3.57; p <.001] and elevated gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) [HR 3.30; p =.003] as independent pre-salvage predictors for poor OS after salvage, whereas initial cN-plus [HR 2.07; p =.039] and recurrent cN-plus disease [HR 5.14; p <.001] predicted poor DSS. Among post-salvage factors, extranodal extension according to histopathology [HR ACM 6.11; HR DSM 9.99; p <.001] as well as positive [HR ACM 4.98; DSM 7.51; p < 0.001] and narrow surgical margins [HR ACM 2.12; DSM HR 2.80; p < 0.01] emerged as independent factors for poor survival. Conclusion: While salvage surgery with FTF reconstruction is the primary curative option for patients with advanced recurrent OCSCC, the present findings may help guide discussions with patients who have advanced recurrent regional disease and high GGT preoperatively, especially if there is a small chance of reaching surgical radicality.
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| 20. |
- Hafström, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Sentinel lymph node biopsy staging for cutaneous malignant melanoma of the head and neck.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2251 .- 0001-6489. ; 136:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion Sentinel lymph node biopsies (SLNBs) can be performed safely and with reasonable accuracy in HNM patients. The outcome provides important prognostic information concerning DFS and further treatment. However, one must recognize that SLNB is a multidisciplinary procedure with a learning curve for all. Objectives To evaluate efficacy of performing SLNBs in a series of consecutive patients with cutaneous head and neck melanoma (HNM) ≥ T1b from introduction of the procedure and 10 years onward. Method End-points comprised of SLNB outcome, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS). Results SNs were harvested in 128 of 160 patients (median Breslow = 2.0 mm, 29% ulcerated); success rate = 80.0%, or 92.1% if excluding patients where SLNBs were omitted due to non-localization on pre-operative imaging or because of SN-location in the parotid basin. Ten patients (7.8%) had positive SLNBs and were offered early completion neck dissections. Of the 146 patients available for follow-up (median = 27 months), 15.8% had recurrent disease. The risk of a regional nodal recurrence after a negative SLNB was 7.5%. SN-negative patients had improved DFS c.f. SN-positive patients (p < 0.001). A positive SLNB was the most important prognostic predictor of decreased DFS (hazard ratio = 5.70; p < 0.005), but had no significant impact on OS.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Henriksson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose uptake and correlation to intratumoral heterogeneity
- 2007
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 1791-7530. ; 27:4B, s. 2155-2159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) uptake in relation to the intratumoral histopathological appearance. Materials and Methods: Intratumoral distribution of FDG in nude mice with xenografted tumours originating from an established head and neck squamous cell carcinoma was studied. FDG uptake and the con-elation to histopathological appearance was evaluated in four separate quarters of each tumour. Results: Variations in FDG uptake correlating to the presence of tumour cells was demonstrated. Quarters containing more than 50% tumour cells showed a significantly higher FDG uptake (p=0.028) than quarters with more stromal tissue and necrosis. Conclusion: This Study shows that the heterogenic FDG uptake within a tumour correlates to histopathological findings and that the variable appearance of tracer uptake on the PET scan depends on distribution of different tissue components in the tumour. This intratumoral heterogeneity calls for caution when evaluating a PET scan where median values of larger areas will be misguiding and thus small areas with high uptake should be regarded as the regions of interest.
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| 23. |
- Henriksson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of cisplatin sensitivity and the 18F fluoro-2-deoxy 2 glucose uptake with proliferation parameters and gene expression in squamous cell carcinoma cell lines of the head and neck
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1756-9966. ; 28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The survival of patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer is still poor, with 5-year survival rates of 24-35%. The identification of prognostic and predictive markers at the molecular and cellular level could make it possible to find new therapeutic targets and provide "taylor made" treatments. Established cell lines of human squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are valuable models for identifying such markers. The aim of this study was to establish and characterize a series of cell lines and to compare the cisplatin sensitivity and 18F fluoro-2 deoxy 2 glucose (18F-FDG) uptake of these cell lines with other cellular characteristics, such as proliferation parameters and TP53 and CCND1 status. Methods: Explant cultures of fresh tumour tissue were cultivated, and six new permanent cell lines were established from 18 HNSCC cases. Successfully grown cell lines were analysed regarding clinical parameters, histological grade, karyotype, DNA ploidy, and index and S-phase fraction (Spf). The cell lines were further characterized with regard to their uptake of 18F-FDG, their sensitivity to cisplatin, as measured by a viability test ( crystal violet), and their TP53 and CCND1 status, by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) with DNA sequencing and, for cyclin D1, by immunohistochemistry. Results: Patients with tumours that could be cultured in vitro had shorter disease-free periods and overall survival time than those whose tumours did not grow in vitro, when analysed with the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Their tumours also showed more complex karyotypes than tumours from which cell lines could not be established. No correlation was found between TP53 or CCND1 status and 18F-FDG uptake or cisplatin sensitivity. However, there was an inverse correlation between tumour cell doubling time and 18F-FDG uptake. Conclusion: In vitro growth of HNSCC cells seem to be an independent prognostic factor, with cell lines being more readily established from aggressive tumours, a phenomenon more dependent on the molecular genetic characteristics of the tumour cells than on tumour location or TNM status.
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| 24. |
- Henriksson, Eva, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in estimates of cisplatin-induced cell kill in vitro between colorimetric and cell count/colony assays
- 2006
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Ingår i: In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal. - 1071-2690. ; 42:10, s. 320-323
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to evaluate some bioassays that are different in principle: cell counting, colony forming assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), sulforhodamine B (SRB), crystal violet, and alamarBlue, with respect to their ability to measure cisplatin-induced cell death of in vitro-cultivated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Cisplatin was applied in concentrations of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, and 100 mu M. The cells were incubated for 1 h, and the cell survival was measured 5 d after treatment. We found the colorimetric assays and cell counting to be comparable. The colony forming assay indicated a higher degree of cell kill compared with the other techniques. Measurement of cell survival after treatment with cisplatin can be done by use of any of the above tested assays. However, the majority of SCCHN cell lines available do not form colonies easily, or at all. Therefore, comparing the chemosensitivity between such cell lines is limited to alternative assays. In this respect, any of the tested colorimetric assays can be used. However, they seem to underestimate cell kill. Cell counting is also an alternative. This technique, however, is time consuming and operator dependent, as in the ease of manual counting, or relatively expensive when counting is performed electronically, compared with the colorimetric assays.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Heuberger, Peter S.C., et al.
(författare)
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Modelling and Identification with Rational Orthogonal Basis Functions
- 2005. - 1
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- Models of dynamical systems are of great importance in almost all fields of science and engineering and specifically in control, signal processing and information science. A model is always only an approximation of a real phenomenon so that having an approximation theory which allows for the analysis of model quality is a substantial concern. The use of rational orthogonal basis functions to represent dynamical systems and stochastic signals can provide such a theory and underpin advanced analysis and efficient modelling. It also has the potential to extend beyond these areas to deal with many problems in circuit theory, telecommunications, systems, control theory and signal processing.Nine international experts have contributed to this work to produce thirteen chapters that can be read independently or as a comprehensive whole with a logical line of reasoning:Construction and analysis of generalized orthogonal basis function model structure;System Identification in a time domain setting and related issues of variance, numerics, and uncertainty bounding;System identification in the frequency domain;Design issues and optimal basis selection;Transformation and realization theory.Modelling and Identification with Rational Orthogonal Basis Functions affords a self-contained description of the development of the field over the last 15 years, furnishing researchers and practising engineers working with dynamical systems and stochastic processes with a standard reference work.
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| 28. |
- Heuberger, Peter S. C., et al.
(författare)
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Orthonormal basis functions in time and frequency domain : Hambo transform theory
- 2004
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Ingår i: SIAM Journal of Control and Optimization. - 0363-0129 .- 1095-7138. ; 42:4, s. 1347-1373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The class of finite impulse response (FIR), Laguerre, and Kautz functions can be generalized to a family of rational orthonormal basis functions for the Hardy space H2 of stable linear dynamical systems. These basis functions are useful for constructing efficient parameterizations and coding of linear systems and signals, as required in, e.g., system identification, system approximation, and adaptive filtering. In this paper, the basis functions are derived from a transfer function perspective as well as in a state space setting. It is shown how this approach leads to alternative series expansions of systems and signals in time and frequency domain. The generalized basis functions induce signal and system transforms (Hambo transforms), which have proved to be useful analysis tools in various modelling problems. These transforms are analyzed in detail in this paper, and a large number of their properties are derived. Principally, it is shown how minimal state space realizations of the system transform can be obtained from minimal state space realizations of the original system and vice versa.
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| 29. |
- Holt, Kristoffer, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Young Citizens and the Quality of new : Measuring attention and emotional reactions in relation to quality assessments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Presented at the 72nd Annual ICA Conference "One World, One Network‽", Paris, 26-30 May, 2022.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Young adult citizens (18-30 years) tend to turn away from traditional news media and migrate to media where emotions occupy a more central place and where journalistic standards are not self-evident, thus challenging public discourse and the notion of quality associated with established news media (Schwaiger et al., 2022; Backholm et al., 2021; Baek et al., 2019; Berthelsen & Hameleers, 2021). In this paper, we test possibilities of investigating how young adult citizens construe (perceive, comprehend and interpret) and experience quality of news content in a high choice, hybrid media landscape (Chadwick et al., 2015), characterized by multimodal and intermedial possibilities offered in social media (Holt & Schirrmacher, 2021). In particular, we explore if there is a possible link between emotional reactions to news items, and subsequent quality rating. In media and journalism research, the importance of emotions evoked by news-content has been pointed out in recent years (Wahl-Jørgensen, 2020). Researchers have studied emotional aspects of different types of content (e. g. Uribe & Gunter, 2007), polarization (e. g. Marozzo & Bessi, 2017), and affective responses to political messages (Bakker et al., 2021). Lacking is, however, in depth analysis of how emotional reactions to news might interact with quality assessments. Since young citizens differ from older generations in media use (Boczkowski et al., 2018), it is especially important to understand the notion of quality from the perspective of this age group. Here, biometric data offer promising possibilities, since it allows for measuring emotional response as well as eye-movments during exposure to news. At the same time, methodology for journalism scholars is still at a developmental stage. Therefore, in this paper we present the results from a small-sample pilot study, using GSR and eye-tracking in combination with semi-structured interviews with young citizens about quality in news. Our findings are discussed in relation to the usability of this methodological approach and suggestions for further research are presented.
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| 30. |
- Holt, Kristoffer, Professor, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Young citizens and the quality of news : Construals, Emotions and Strategies
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med projektet Young citizens and the quality of news: Construals, Emotions and Strategies har varit att utforska nya sätt att undersöka hur unga betraktar nyheter, hur de interagerar med nyhetsinnehåll och hur känsloreaktioner inverkar på bedömningen av kvalitet. Studien är gjord med hjälp av ett flertal metoder, både kvantitativa, kvalitativa och laborativa. Genom att be unga mellan 18 och 25 år att själva leta upp nyheter på sin mobil och samtidigt mäta deras ögonrörelser, genom att visa dem ett antal nyhetsklipp och mäta deras reaktioner samt genom att göra djupintervjuer med de unga om vad de sett och hur de upplevt det, har forskargruppen kunnat dra flera slutsatser kring hur unga definierar och reagerar på nyheter. Nu finns rapporten som sammanfattar projektet att läsa och ladda ner på Medier & demokratis hemsida. Studien visar bland annat att kvalitet för unga mediekonsumenter är intimt sammankopplat med upplevd relevans och att nyheters förmåga att beröra emotionellt beskrivs som väldigt viktigt för hur de unga i studien bedömer kvalitet. Hur de unga gör för att hitta nyheter varierar, men ett tydligt mönster bland studiens deltagare är att de föredrar textbaserade nyhetsartiklar. I rapporten ger forskarna flera tips på vad redaktioner bör göra för att lyckas nå de unga läsarna.
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| 31. |
- Lindblom, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Aspiration as a late complication after accelerated versus conventional radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 136:3, s. 304-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conclusion Neck dissection after radiotherapy increased the risk of aspiration as a late effect in a sub-sample of patients treated for head and neck cancer in the ARTSCAN study. Patients treated with accelerated fractionation (AF) developed aspiration, with or without coughing, more frequently than patients treated with conventional fractionation (CF). Objectives A long-term follow-up study was conducted to determine the frequency of aspiration as a late effect in patients with head and neck cancer treated with AF or CF. Method One-hundred and eight patients were recruited from two centres of the Swedish multi-centre study, ARTSCAN, where AF and CF were compared. Patients with positive lymph nodes were treated with neck dissection after completing radiotherapy. The follow-up was performed at a median of 65 months after initiation of radiotherapy and included an ENT and a videofluoroscopic examination. Results Aspiration was found in 51/108 (47%) and silent aspiration in 34/96 (35%) patients. Neck dissection (n = 47 patients) was significantly associated with both aspiration and silent aspiration. Aspiration was more common among patients treated with AF (34/61; 56%) compared to CF (17/47; 36%; p = 0.053). Silent aspiration was also more common after AF (24/54; 44%) than after CF (10/42; 24%; p = 0.052).
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| 32. |
- Lindblom, Ulrika, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-induced trismus in the ARTSCAN head and neck trial.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Acta Oncologica. - : Informa Healthcare. - 1651-226X .- 0284-186X. ; 53:5, s. 620-627
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Trismus, a well-known sequelae after treatment of head and neck cancer, decreases a patient's oral function and quality of life. The main objectives of this study were to: 1) investigate the long-term prevalence of radiation-induced trismus in patients treated for head and neck cancer according to two different fractionation schedules; and 2) model a dose-response relationship for trismus. Material and methods. Patients were recruited from the Swedish ARTSCAN trial, a prospective randomised multicentre study comparing conventional and accelerated fractionation. A total of 124 patients agreed to a clinical ENT examination 21-127 months (median 66 months) after beginning radiation therapy. Trismus-related scores were assessed using the EORTC H&N35 Quality of Life questionnaire. The TheraBite(®) range of motion scale was used to measure maximal interincisal distance. The dose-response relationship for structures important for mastication and the temporomandibular joints was investigated by normal tissue complication probability modelling. Results. No significant differences in patient-reported trismus or maximal interincisal distance were found between the two trial arms. Patient-reported moderate to high scores regarding trismus increased from 3% at the start of radiation therapy to 25% at the long-term follow-up. Maximal interincisal distance correlated significantly with patient-reported scores of trismus. The best dose-response fit to the endpoint data was found for the dose to the ipsilateral masseter. Conclusions. Trismus is a persistent complication after radiotherapy with 3D-conformal radiation therapy. We found no difference between the severity and prevalence of trismus between conventional and accelerated fractionation, but a significant correlation between the absorbed dose to the mastication structures and opening of the mouth. Further prospective studies may determine whether a reduced dose to structures important for mastication using intensity-modulated radiation therapy will reduce problems with trismus.
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| 33. |
- Lindén, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Chemorefractory rhabdomyosarcoma treated with radiotherapy, bevacizumab, statins and surgery and maintenance with bevacizumab and chemotherapy.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Onkologie. - : S. Karger AG. - 0378-584X .- 1423-0240. ; 31:7, s. 391-393
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a rare disease in children and young adults, usually responsive to chemotherapy. Here we report on a patient with chemorefractory disease, treated in an unconventional approach. CASE REPORT: A young woman presented with an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma of the retromaxillary space. She exhibited progressive disease to two chemotherapy regimens. The patient started hyperfractionated radiotherapy that due to lack of response was changed to 3 Gy fractions once daily to a total absorbed dose of 53 Gy. The therapeutic predicament led us to add bevacizumab and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), for which some experimental support could be found. RESULTS: The tumour responded clearly, and a radical R0 resection followed. The patient was treated postoperatively with bevacizumab and chemotherapy. The combined treatment was accompanied by side effects such as mucositis grade IV, impaired healing of the mandibulotomy as well as a prominent cystitis. Side effects subsided following treatment with hyperbaric oxygen. CONCLUSION: Rhabdomyosarcoma refractory to chemotherapy may respond to radiotherapy and the addition of bevacizumab and statins. Although the contribution of the adjuncts is unclear, the unexpected tumour control in this case may help in decision-making in similar cases and may encourage the investigation of these adjuncts in protocols.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Lindskog, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Kautz Models in System Identification
- 1993
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 12th IFAC World Congress. - Linköping : Linköping University. - 9780080422121 ; , s. 309-312
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- FIR, ARX or AR model structures can be used to describe many industrial processes. Simple linear regression techniques can be applied to estimate such models from experimental data. However, for low signal to noise ratios in combination with transfer function poles and noise model zeros close to the unit circle, a large number of model parameters are needed to generate adequate models. The Kautz model structure generalizes FIR, ARX and AR models. By using a priori knowledge about the dominating time constants and damping factors of the system, the model complexity is reduced, and the linear regression structure is retained. The objective of this contribution is to study an industrial example, where Kautz models have distinct advantages. The data investigated corresponds to aircraft flight flutter, which is a state when an aircraft component starts to oscillate.
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| 36. |
- Lundtoft, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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Relation between HLA and copy number variation of steroid 21-hydroxylase in a Swedish cohort of patients with autoimmune Addison's disease.
- 2023
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Ingår i: European journal of endocrinology. - : Bioscientifica. - 1479-683X .- 0804-4643. ; 189:2, s. 235-241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autoantibodies against the adrenal enzyme 21-hydroxylase is a hallmark manifestation in autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD). Steroid 21-hydroxylase is encoded by CYP21A2, which is located in the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) region together with the highly similar pseudogene CYP21A1P. A high level of copy number variation is seen for the 2 genes, and therefore, we asked whether genetic variation of the CYP21 genes is associated with AAD.Case-control study on patients with AAD and healthy controls.Using next-generation DNA sequencing, we estimated the copy number of CYP21A2 and CYP21A1P, together with HLA alleles, in 479 Swedish patients with AAD and autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase and in 1393 healthy controls.With 95% of individuals carrying 2 functional 21-hydroxylase genes, no difference in CYP21A2 copy number was found when comparing patients and controls. In contrast, we discovered a lower copy number of the pseudogene CYP21A1P among AAD patients (P = 5 × 10-44), together with associations of additional nucleotide variants, in the CYP21 region. However, the strongest association was found for HLA-DQB1*02:01 (P = 9 × 10-63), which, in combination with the DRB1*04:04-DQB1*03:02 haplotype, imposed the greatest risk of AAD.We identified strong associations between copy number variants in the CYP21 region and risk of AAD, although these associations most likely are due to linkage disequilibrium with disease-associated HLA class II alleles.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Mäkitie, Antti A., et al.
(författare)
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Transoral Robotic Surgery in the Nordic Countries : Current Status and Perspectives
- 2018
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Oncology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2234-943X. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The five Nordic countries with a population of 27 M people form a rather homogenous region in terms of health care. The management of head and neck cancer is centralized to the 21 university hospitals in these countries. Our aim was to gain an overview of the volume and role of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) and to evaluate the need to centralize it in this area as the field is rapidly developing.Materials and Methods: A structured questionnaire was sent to all 10 Departments of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery in the Nordic countries having an active programme for TORS in December 2017.Results: The total cumulative number of performed robotic surgeries at these 10 Nordic centers was 528 and varied between 5 and 240 per center. The median annual number of robotic surgeries was 38 (range, 5-60). The observed number of annually operated cases remained fairly low (<25) at most of the centers.Conclusions: The present results showing a limited volume of performed surgeries call for considerations to further centralize TORS in the Nordic countries.
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Johan S., et al.
(författare)
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Transoral robotic surgery in the management of head and neck squamous cell cancer with unknown primary
- 2020
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Ingår i: Acta Oto-Laryngologica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0001-6489 .- 1651-2251. ; 140:1, s. 84-88
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) assisted base of the tongue (BOT) resection has been suggested as part of the work-up for head and neck squamous cell cancer with unknown primary (HNSCC-CUP). Success rates vary with regard to identification of primary BOT lesions, and cases with likely such lesions appear to be included in previous reports. Objectives: To analyse the possible benefits of a superficial TORS-assisted BOT resection in thoroughly investigated HNSCC-CUP. Material and methods: Retrospectively, 13 patients subjected to superficial TORS-assisted BOT resections due to HNSCC-CUP, where previous thorough work-ups including PET-scans had been performed and primary lesions had still not been identified, were reviewed. Results: Nodal status, according to the TNM-8 classification, was N1, N2, N2a, N2b, N2c, and N3, respectively, for 7, 1, 1, 4, 0, and 0 patients. In 38% of the cases, T1 BOT cancers were identified using superficial TORS-assisted BOT resections and treatments adjusted. Conclusion: Addition of a superficial TORS-assisted BOT resection to the work-up of HNSCC-CUP frequently identifies primary lesions and alters the treatment for this group of patients even after thorough work-up.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Ottosson, Sandra, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Weight loss and Body Mass Index in relation to aspiration in patients treated for head and neck cancer : a long-term follow-up
- 2014
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Ingår i: Supportive Care in Cancer. - : Springer. - 0941-4355 .- 1433-7339. ; 22:9, s. 2361-2369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Persistent severe swallowing dysfunction with aspiration is a common and sometimes overlooked sequelae after treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and may impact food intake and nutritional status. More knowledge is needed to increase the understanding of severe swallowing dysfunction as a risk factor for persistent nutritional deteriorations in SCCHN survivors. The purpose of the study was to investigate weight loss and body mass index (BMI) in relation to pharyngeal swallowing function in a long-term perspective in patients after SCCHN treatment.METHODS: Data from 101 patients were available for the analyses. Swallowing function was assessed by videofluoroscopy at a mean of 71.6 months after the start of radiotherapy (RT). Percent weight change (calculated with weight at the start of RT as the reference) and BMI at follow-up were the primary nutritional measures.RESULTS: Aspiration was present in 48 of 101 patients (48 %). Patients with aspiration had a significantly higher mean weight loss and a lower BMI (-10.9 % and 23.1, respectively) at follow-up compared with patients without aspiration (-2.8 % and 26.0, respectively). Patients with aspiration were unable to gain weight after 23 months. Only ten of 101 patients (10 %) were underweight at follow-up.CONCLUSIONS: Swallowing dysfunction with aspiration was related to long-term weight loss and reduced BMI. Few patients were underweight despite the high prevalence of swallowing dysfunction.
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| 43. |
- Petersson, M., et al.
(författare)
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Natural history and surgical outcome of Rathke's cleft cysts-A study from the Swedish Pituitary Registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 96:1, s. 54-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Rathke's cleft cysts are benign, embryological remnants in the pituitary gland. The majority of them are small and asymptomatic but a few may become large, and cause mass effects, pituitary hormone deficiencies and visual impairment. Recommendations for the follow-up of Rathke's cleft cysts vary since data on the natural history are sparse. Patients and Design Data at diagnosis and at 1, 5 and 10 years for patients with a Rathke's cleft cyst (434 at diagnosis, 317 females) were retrieved from the Swedish Pituitary Registry. Cysts <= 3 mm in diameter were excluded from the study. Measurements Data included demographics, cyst size, pituitary function, visual defects and surgery. Results The mean age at diagnosis was 45 years. In patients with cysts <10 mm in diameter (n = 204) 2.9% had pituitary hormone deficiencies and 2% had visual field impairments. Cyst size did not progress during the 5 years. Cysts with a diameter of >= 10 mm that were not operated (n = 174) decreased in size over the years (p < .01). Pituitary hormone deficiencies and visual impairments were more frequent (18% and 5.7%, respectively) but were stable over time. Transphenoidal surgery was performed in 56 patients of whom 51 underwent surgery before the 1-year follow-up. The mean cyst diameter at diagnosis was 18 mm (range: 930 mm), 36% had pituitary hormone deficiency, 45% had visual field defects and 20% had impaired visual acuity. One year after surgery 60% had no cyst remnants, 50% had a pituitary deficiency, 26% had visual field defects and 12% had impaired visual acuity. No major changes were observed after 5 years. Twelve of the operated patients had a follow-up at 10 years, in eight the cyst remnants or recurrences increased in size over time (p < .05). Conclusions Rathke's cleft cysts with a size less than 10 mm rarely grow and our results indicate that radiological follow-up can be restricted to 5 years. In contrast, progression of postoperative remnants or recurrent cysts is more likely and require long-term follow-up.
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| 44. |
- Pettersson, Anna Lindskoog, et al.
(författare)
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Accommodation in young adults wearing aspheric multifocal soft contact lenses
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Modern Optics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0950-0340 .- 1362-3044. ; 58:19-20, s. 1804-1808
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of the present project was to investigate accommodative behavior in young adults and adolescents fitted with an aspheric multifocal (center distance) contact lens with focus on evaluating whether these lenses can be an alternative treatment for subjects in which a reduced level of blur and thereby accommodation in near vision is aimed at. Twenty normal subjects aged between 21 and 35 years participated in the study. Aberrometry was perfomed using a Zywave (TM) aberrometer, first on the uncorrected eyes of all subjects, and again while the subjects wore a multifocal contact lens with a +1.00 add. A Shin-Nippon N Vision-K 5001 Autoref-Keratometer was used to measure accommodative response with two different refractive corrections: (1) habitual spectacle correction only, and (2) habitual correction and a aspheric multifocal (center distance) contact lens. Four hours of adaptation to the lens was allowed. The lag when wearing only the habitual spectacles was compared with the lag while wearing both the habitual spectacles and the aspheric multifocal contact lens. The mean lag of accommodation for the subject group was 0.85 D (+/-0.57 SD) and 0.75 D (+/-0.52 SD) without and with the multifocal lens, respectively. Statistical analyses showed no difference in lag (t = 0.8479, p = 0.407) with and without the lens. In conclusion, young normal subjects do not relax accommodation when fitted with aspheric multifocal center distance lenses when the addition is +1.00. It is therefore unlikely that subjects with accommodative ability, in whom the treatment purpose is to reduce blur and thereby accommodation, can be effectively treated with such lenses.
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| 45. |
- Rad, Alexander, et al.
(författare)
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How Lending Officers Construe Assessments of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Loan Applications : A Repertory Grid Study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of constructivist psychology. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1072-0537 .- 1521-0650. ; 26:4, s. 262-279
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Repertory grid technique and principal component analysis were used to map and analyze how 75 lending officers (LOs) viewed their assessments of small and medium-sized enterprises’ loan applications in one bank and region. A standard set of elements and constructs, derived during pre- and pilot studies, was used. Analysis of individual grids demonstrated that the principal components indicated the existence of similarities in LOs’ construing at an aggregated level. Analysis of the mean grid of all respondents indicated that the LOs were encouraged by the bank's lending strategy and supporting system(s) to perform “procedural lending” with a focus on hard and future-oriented information. At the same time, the LOs deemphasized relationship lending, in particular, personal relationships.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Rad, Alexander, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Reconsideration of the Bank Credit Assessments : Theoretical and Practical Issues
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to discuss conceptual issues related to the bank credit assessment decision in the context of current events in the financial markets. To add to the theoretical discussion, a case study of a large Swedish bank will be conducted and data will be captured and then analyzed with the repertory grid technique. Additionally, information will be collected through interviews with about 60 bank managers or bank loan officers to allow statistical analyses. Similarities and differences between groups of bank loan officers (e.g. senior experts and novices) are important to identify in the context of current events. To add validity to this study, a “co-research” approach will be used by involving the bank managers and bank loan officers in analyzing and interpreting the results. Attempts will be made to identify any differences in the decision approaches of bank managers and bank loan officers pre- and post- the current financial crisis. The credit assessment decision processes will be examined by focusing on the initial encounter between the applicant and the bank loan officer who generates the first screening of the application. Information will be gathered regarding the identity of information used by the suppliers of credit in order to evaluate loan applications for approval or rejection and how this information can be categorized to enhance comparability between application cases, borrowers and personal attributes for bank loan officers. Theoretically the research rests upon financial theory, institutional theory, structuration, sense-making, accountability and cognitive theory. The conference paper outlines the methods to be used, discusses advantages and limitations with respect to validity and reliability of the methods, and tests the repertory grid technique on one respondent in a pre-study. It is concluded that the planned approach is feasible.
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| 48. |
- Rydell, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Fluorescence investigations to classify malignant laryngeal lesions in vivo.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074 .- 1097-0347. ; 30:4, s. 419-426
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:: The extent of surgical resection for malignant laryngeal lesions influences voice quality. An instrument to estimate histopathologic grading of dysplasia in vivo may spare normal tissue without increasing the risk of local failure. METHODS: Laryngeal lesions (N = 39; 21 after administration of delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)) were investigated with laser-induced fluorescence, and the results correlated to histopathologic grading in 4 groups: non/mild dysplasia (I), moderate dysplasia (II), severe dysplasia/cancer in situ (III), and carcinoma. RESULTS: At 337-nm excitation, there were differences in the fluorescence ratio I(431)/I(390) between groups I/III and carcinoma. Following 405-nm excitation, I(500 nm) group I differed significantly from group III and cancer. The sensitivity for the fluorescence method was 89%, and the specificity was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: There are differences in the in vivo tissue fluorescence between tissue with different gradings of dysplasia and carcinoma. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008.
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| 49. |
- Sasaki, Yutaka, et al.
(författare)
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The anti-tumour effect of cisplatin and ifosfamide on xenografted squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is schedule-dependent.
- 2012
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Ingår i: Oral Oncology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0593 .- 1368-8375. ; 48, s. 61-66
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of chemotherapy (CHX) in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) has been expanding. Although combination chemotherapy regimens regularly produce significantly high response rates, meta-analyses show little benefit regarding final outcome. One way to improve induction CHX is to improve drug combinations and schedules for CHX. Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most active drugs in the treatment of patients with SCCHN, and it is used in most combinations. Ifosfamide (IFO) is another agent that has shown activity in the treatment of patients with SCCHN. A poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma xenografted to nude mice was used. CDDP (2.5mg/kg) and IFO (100mg/kg) as single bolus doses induced significant retardation of tumour growth. Single drug administration was compared with CDDP given before IFO and IFO given before CDDP. Mean specific growth delay (SGD) for untreated controls was 0. For CDDP as single drug it was 1.50, for IFO as single drug it was 0.79, for CDDP given 4h before IFO it was 1.79, and for IFO given 4h before CDDP it was 2.90. Maximum toxicity, calculated as change in median weight at day 7, was less than 10%. The efficacy and toxicity of CDDP and IFO is schedule-dependent, with IFO given before CDDP being more effective than CDDP given before IFO. This is in contrast to most schedules used clinically. The toxicities were comparable. The number of combinations of drugs with respect to order and time interval is of a magnitude that would not be possible to test clinically. In the pursuit of more efficient combinations, the importance of order and schedule of drugs and also the potential of xenografted SSCHN are underestimated.
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| 50. |
- Sjövall, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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A prospective study of positron emission tomography for evaluation of neck node response 6 weeks after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Head and Neck. - : Wiley. - 1043-3074.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate if a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, 6 weeks post radiotherapy (RT), adequately selects patients in whom a neck node dissection can be omitted. Primary endpoints were isolated neck recurrences and overall survival (OS). Methods: 105 patients, mainly with oropharyngeal human papilloma virus (HPV) positive tumors, with a positive PET scan before treatment, were evaluated regarding the neck response 6 weeks post RT. The PET results determined the management of the neck: observation vs. neck dissection. Results: Median follow-up was 25 months. Positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 56% and 94%, respectively. Four isolated neck recurrences occurred. The 2 year OS rate was 86.3%. Conclusion: PET scans performed 6 weeks after RT have a high NPV and can obviate neck dissections but the PPV is insufficient. A later scheduled scan is recommended. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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