| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- McKenna, P., et al.
(author)
-
Effects of front surface plasma expansion on proton acceleration in ultraintense laser irradiation of foil targets
- 2008
-
In: Laser and Particle Beams. - 0263-0346. ; 26:4, s. 591-596
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The properties of beams of high energy protons accelerated during ultraintense, picosecond laser-irradiation of thin foil targets are investigated as a function of preplasma expansion at the target front surface. Significant enhancement in the maximum proton energy and laser-to-proton energy conversion efficiency is observed at optimum preplasma density gradients due, to self-focusing Of the incident laser pulse. For very long preplasma expansion, the propagating laser pulse is observed to filament, resulting in highly uniform proton beams, but with reduced flux and maximum energy.
|
|
| 4. |
- Batani, D., et al.
(author)
-
Effects of laser prepulses on laser-induced proton generation
- 2010
-
In: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Low-intensity laser prepulses (<10(13) W cm(-2), nanosecond duration) are a major issue in experiments on laser-induced generation of protons, often limiting the performances of proton sources produced by high-intensity lasers (approximate to 10(19) W cm(-2), picosecond or femtosecond duration). Depending on the intensity regime, several effects may be associated with the prepulse, some of which are discussed in this paper: (i) destruction of thin foil targets by the shock generated by the laser prepulse; (ii) creation of preplasma on the target front side affecting laser absorption; (iii) deformation of the target rear side; and (iv) whole displacement of thin foil targets affecting the focusing condition. In particular, we show that under oblique high-intensity irradiation and for low prepulse intensities, the proton beam is directed away from the target normal. Deviation is towards the laser forward direction, with an angle that increases with the level and duration of the ASE pedestal. Also, for a given laser pulse, the beam deviation increases with proton energy. The observations are discussed in terms of target normal sheath acceleration, in combination with a laser-controllable shock wave locally deforming the target surface.
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Boschker, J. E., et al.
(author)
-
In-plane structural order of domain engineered La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films
- 2013
-
In: Philosophical Magazine. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1478-6435 .- 1478-6443. ; 93:13, s. 1549-1562
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We present a detailed structural study of tensile-strained La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 thin films. We use the substrate miscut to control the number of rhombohedral variants in the films and study the in-plane order and structural distortions. Using high-resolution X-ray diffraction, we demonstrate that step-edge induced lattice modulations occur in 4-variant films, whereas periodic twinning is the dominant in-plane order for 2-variant films. We show that the in-plane twinning angle is almost completely relaxed. However, the relaxation of shear strain by the out-of-plane twinning angle and the monoclinic distortion is only partial. Furthermore, the film thickness dependence of the domain width reveals that domain formation is a universal mechanism for shear strain relaxation. Finally, we show that the structural response to the transition from the paramagnetic to the ferromagnetic phase of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 at 345K is smaller in 4-variant films compared to 2-variant films.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Cooil, S. P., et al.
(author)
-
Iron-mediated growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC and diamond
- 2012
-
In: Carbon. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-6223. ; 50:14, s. 5099-5105
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Ordered graphene films have been fabricated on Fe-treated SiC and diamond surfaces using the catalytic conversion of sp(3) to sp(2) carbon. In comparison with the bare SiC(0 0 0 1) surface, the graphitization temperature is reduced from over 1000 degrees C to 600 degrees C and for diamond (111), this new approach enables epitaxial graphene to be grown on this surface for the first time. For both substrates, a key development is the in situ monitoring of the entire fabrication process using real-time electron spectroscopy that provides the necessary precision for the production of films of controlled thickness. The quality of the graphene/graphite layers has been verified using angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy and low energy electron diffraction. Graphene is only formed on treated regions of the surface and so this offers a method for fabricating and patterning graphene structures on SiC and diamond in the solid-state at industrially realistic temperatures. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- Daivadanam, Meena, et al.
(author)
-
Design and methodology of a community-based cluster-randomized controlled trial for dietary behaviour change in rural Kerala.
- 2013
-
In: Global Health Action. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1654-9716 .- 1654-9880. ; 6
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Interventions targeting lifestyle-related risk factors and non-communicable diseases have contributed to the mainstream knowledge necessary for action. However, there are gaps in how this knowledge can be translated for practical day-to-day use in complex multicultural settings like that in India. Here, we describe the design of the Behavioural Intervention for Diet study, which was developed as a community-based intervention to change dietary behaviour among middle-income households in rural Kerala.METHODS: This was a cluster-randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of a sequential stage-matched intervention to bring about dietary behaviour change by targeting the procurement and consumption of five dietary components: fruits, vegetables, salt, sugar, and oil. Following a step-wise process of pairing and exclusion of outliers, six out of 22 administrative units in the northern part of Trivandrum district, Kerala state were randomly selected and allocated to intervention or control arms. Trained community volunteers carried out the data collection and intervention delivery. An innovative tool was developed to assess household readiness-to-change, and a household measurement kit and easy formulas were introduced to facilitate the practical side of behaviour change. The 1-year intervention included a household component with sequential stage-matched intervention strategies at 0, 6, and 12 months along with counselling sessions, telephonic reminders, and home visits and a community component with general awareness sessions in the intervention arm. Households in the control arm received information on recommended levels of intake of the five dietary components and general dietary information leaflets.DISCUSSION: Formative research provided the knowledge to contextualise the design of the study in accordance with socio-cultural aspects, felt needs of the community, and the ground realities associated with existing dietary procurement, preparation, and consumption patterns. The study also addressed two key issues, namely the central role of the household as the decision unit and the long-term sustainability through the use of existing local and administrative networks and community volunteers.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- ElSayed, A, et al.
(author)
-
Distribution of the energy release, b-values and seismic hazard in Egypt
- 1996
-
In: NATURAL HAZARDS. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0921-030X. ; 13:2, s. 133-150
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- A review of the seismicity and seismic history of Egypt indicates areas of high activity concentrated along Oligocene-Miocene faults. This supports the idea of recent activation of the Oligocene-Miocene stress cycle. There are similarities in the spatial
|
|
| 23. |
- ELSAYED, A, et al.
(author)
-
SEISMIC HAZARD OF EGYPT
- 1994
-
In: NATURAL HAZARDS. - : KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBL. - 0921-030X. ; 10:3, s. 247-259
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Earthquake hazard parameters such as maximum expected magnitude, M(max), annual activity rate, lambda, and b value of the Gutenberg-Richter relation have been evaluated for two regions of Egypt. The applied maximum likelihood method permits the combinatio
|
|
| 24. |
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
| 31. |
- Jonsson, Per R., 1957, et al.
(author)
-
Combining seascape connectivity with cumulative impact assessment in support of ecosystem-based marine spatial planning
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Applied Ecology. - : Wiley. - 0021-8901 .- 1365-2664. ; 58:3
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cumulative impact assessment (CIA) is a promising approach to guide marine spatial planning (MSP) and management. One limitation of CIA is the neglect of seascape connectivity, which may spread the impact of localized pressures to ambient areas, e.g. through lost dispersal and recruitment of organisms. We here, for the first time, incorporate seascape connectivity into a traditional CIA model using a connectivity matrix, exemplified by dispersal of propagules estimated through biophysical modelling. Two connectivity impacts are identified: the source impact represents downstream areas losing recruits because of reduced larval dispersal from sites affected by the pressure, and the sink impact represents loss of recruits originating from upstream areas prevented from settlement in the site affected by the local pressure. By including seascape connectivity in the Swedish MSP-guiding CIA tool Symphony we demonstrate how to practically account for remote effects of local environmental impact. Our example on blue mussel shows how reducing mussel fitness in a given area may have impacts on mussels far from the acting pressures. Overall, results indicate that connectivity impact for blue mussels plays a minor role in most areas, <10% of the ordinary cumulative impact. However, in some smaller areas, e.g. on offshore banks and the Danish Straits, seascape connectivity may increase ordinary cumulative impact with 20%-30%. In an example of scenario-based CIA analyses of MSP projections, we demonstrate how impacts of particular management actions, e.g. shipping rerouting and wind power developments, can be tracked far from the original area of influence. Depending on the dispersal ability of ecosystem components, a local pressure may impact a considerable area through seascape connectivity, transgressing management units and national borders. Although the mean connectivity impact may be modest for a single ecosystem component, the consideration of seascape connectivity across multiple ecosystem components may significantly alter the mapping of cumulative impact and the assessment of different MSP scenarios. Synthesis and applications. Our extension of Cumulative Impact Assessment offers a new method for mapping and practically integrating seascape connectivity with ecosystem-based MSP and other spatial instruments for policy making, such as marine protected areas.
|
|
| 32. |
|
|
| 33. |
|
|
| 34. |
- Larsson, J., et al.
(author)
-
Two-colour time-resolved spectroscopy of helium using high-order harmonics
- 1995
-
In: Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 0953-4075 .- 1361-6455. ; 28:3, s. 53-58
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The radiative lifetime of the ls2p1P state of helium is measured in a two-colour ionization experiment with a 5% accuracy. The state is excited by the 13th harmonic of a tunable SO ps laser and ionized by a synchronous ultraviolet laser, with a variable time delay. This experiment demonstrates that the high harmonics generated in a jet of rare gas exposed to an intense laser field provide a tunable short-pulse xuv source ideally suited for pump/probe type of studies and, in particular, short lifetime measurements.
|
|
| 35. |
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
|
|
| 39. |
|
|
| 40. |
- Manithip, C, et al.
(author)
-
Factors associated with antenatal care utilization among rural women in Lao People's Democratic Republic
- 2011
-
In: Maternal and Child Health Journal. - : Springer. - 1092-7875 .- 1573-6628. ; 15:8, s. 1356-1362
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study aims at exploring factors related to the antenatal care (ANC) utilization in rural areas of Lao PDR. A quantitative, cross-sectional interview study was conducted in the Khammouane and Champasack provinces. The study population comprised all currently pregnant women 15-45 years of age with a gestational period beyond 32 weeks plus all women who had given birth during the last 12 months. With the informed consent of all eligible women, 460 respondents were included in the study and interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors significantly related to ANC use. Fifty-one percent of the respondents had at least one ANC visit. Among the users, 63% had visited ANC three times or more but only 28% attended during the first trimester. After adjusting for other factors, using a 95% Confidence Interval (CI), statistically significant associations were found between ANC use and the following factors: women whose husbands were salaried employees (OR = 2.66, CI = 1.45-4.88); women younger than 18 years old at first pregnancy (OR 0.56, CI = 0.28-0.97); women perceiving ANC as somewhat useful (OR = 2.88, CI = 1.26-6.61) or very useful (OR = 7.45, CI = 3.59-15.46). Awareness of the usefulness of ANC was related to more frequent use and could be one focus of community intervention to increase utilization.
|
|
| 41. |
|
|
| 42. |
|
|
| 43. |
|
|
| 44. |
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
|
|
| 47. |
|
|
| 48. |
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Sihavon, A, et al.
(author)
-
Health providers' competence in the management of reproductive tract infections in Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
- 2007
-
In: International journal of STD & AIDS. - : SAGE Publications. - 0956-4624 .- 1758-1052. ; 18:11, s. 774-781
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This cross-sectional study aimed to assess health providers' reported knowledge and practice competence regarding management of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) including sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Vientiane, Laos. All 272 health providers (medical doctors/assistants, midwives/nurses and drug sellers) working with RTI/STI patients in one urban and one rural district were invited to fill in a self-completed questionnaire including four written simulated case scenarios, and 93% participated in the study. Of 252 respondents, 34% scored below 50% regarding both the case scenarios and reported knowledge, and 87% gave inadequate advice regarding health education. Only 34% gave correct advice on contact tracing, 38% on counselling, 52% regarding compliance and 59% on condom promotion. Drug sellers scored lowest in all aspects of RTI/STI management. Urban respondents were more likely to report adequate knowledge. Continuous training in syndromic approach and supervision are recommended to improve the quality of RTI/STI management, particularly at private pharmacies and in rural areas.
|
|
