| 1. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Catastrophizing and health related quality of life : A 6-year follow-up of patients with chronic low back pain
- 2002
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Ingår i: Rehabilitation Nursing. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0278-4807. ; 27:3, s. 110-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pain rehabilitation model that focused on emotions was implemented to influence catastrophizing by, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) for, persons with chronic low back pain. Twelve individuals, 7 men and 5 women (aged 33 to 57 years), all with long-term pain despite treatment, were included in the study and a single case research experimental design (SCRED) was used to follow the patterns of coping with pain for 6 years. The HRQL was measured before and 6 years after the intervention. Coping strategies and HRQL were evaluated with the Coping Strategy Questionnaire (CSQ) and the SF-36, respectively. The evaluation of pain coping strategies after 3 years found decreased catastrophizing, a decrease that had continued 3 years later. HRQL showed significantly improved mental health and impaired physical capacity at the 6-year follow-up. Changes in catastrophizing or in HRQL did not appear to influence self-scored bodily pain. Altered catastrophizing appeared to be a long-term process. This research indicates the need for rehabilitation programs to assess and evaluate patients' pain and their need for improved quality of life, rather than focusing only on the elimination of pain.
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| 2. |
- Aspegren Kendall, Sally, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Differences in sensory thresholds in the skin of women with fibromyalgia syndrome : A comparison between ketamine responders and ketamine non-responders
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain. - 1058-2452 .- 1540-7012. ; 11:2, s. 3-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To compare detection and pain thresholds in the skin of female fibromyalgia patients who were either ketamine responders or ketamine nonresponders.Methods: Detection thresholds to innocuous warmth, of cold, heat or cold pain, and touch and dynamic touch sensation were determined in the skin. Pressure pain thresholds, local and widespread pain intensity, and pain duration were also registered.Results: Ketamine nonresponse was associated with more pronounced hypersensitivity for thermal pain [especially cold pain] than ketamine response.Conclusions: Blockade of N-metyl-D-aspartic acid receptors by ketamine and the recording of pain thresholds in the skin, especially for cold pain, might reveal different mechanisms of allodynia.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hagert, Britt, 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Side effects after surgical treatment of snoring
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. - 0301-1569 .- 1423-0275. ; 62:2, s. 76-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a questionnaire study detailed side effects after snoring surgery were examined in 415 individuals 2-8 years after surgery. Three years later a new questionnaire was answered by those with side effects affecting taste, smell and voice (n = 74). At the first follow-up 255 had side effects of globus, regurgitation, taste, smell and voice. The globus was the most common (40%). In all spheres except the globus, a significant improvement was seen 3 years later. However, pharyngeal dryness and phlegm had a reported frequency of nearly 60%. No significant differences were seen between the uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and laser uvulopalatoplasty methods. Taste disturbances might be due to surgical damage to the nerves or oral dryness. The olfactory impairment present in 7 patients still needs to be explained.
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| 6. |
- Hurtig, Ingrid, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative sensory testing in fibromyalgia patients and in healthy subjects : identification of subgroups
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Clinical Journal of Pain. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0749-8047 .- 1536-5409. ; 17:4, s. 316-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine perception and pain thresholds in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and in healthy controls, and to investigate whether patients with fibromyalgia syndrome can be grouped with respect to thermal hyperalgesia and whether these subgroups differ from healthy controls and in clinical appearance. Design: The authors conducted a quasi-experimental clinical study. Subjects: Twenty-nine women patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and 21 healthy pain-free age-matched women participated in the study. Methods: Quantitative sensory testing using a Thermotest instrument was performed on the dorsum of the left hand. Sleep and pain intensity were rated using visual analog scales. Results: Cold and heat pain but not perception thresholds differed significantly between patients with fibromyalgia syndrome and healthy subjects. Based on thermal pain thresholds, two subgroups could be identified in fibromyalgia syndrome using cluster analysis. Conclusion: Patients with fibromyalgia syndrome were subgrouped by quantitative sensory testing (i.e., thermal pain thresholds). Subgroups show clinical differences in pain intensities, number of tender points, and sleep quality. Cold pain threshold was especially linked to these clinical aspects.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Background pain in fibromyalgia patients affecting clinical examination of the skin
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 11:1, s. 58-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- • The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between on-going pain and acute thermal pain in patients suffering from chronic pain.• This experimental study in cold and heat sensitivity was performed in order to test the following hypothesis: that fibromyalgia patients scoring high in current background pain tolerate less experimental thermal pain in the skin than patients with low scores.• Ethical aspects of the study are discussed.• The level of tolerable experimental thermal stimuli was tested and compared between the `low-score' and the `high-score' patients.• Background pain seemed to affect the intensity of experimental cold pain.• Clinical routine examinations and bodily care of the skin that might interfere with background pain in the fibromyalgia patients are discussed.• Clinical practice should be carefully planned in order to assist fibromyalgia patients in understanding and coping with thermal conditions that might influence background pain.
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| 10. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Coping strategies and life satisfaction in subgrouped fibromyalgia patients
- 2003
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Ingår i: Biological Research for Nursing. - : SAGE Publications. - 1099-8004 .- 1552-4175. ; 4:3, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study describes pain- and stress-coping strategies and life satisfaction in subgroups of fibromyalgia patients. Thirty-two females with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and 21 healthy pain-free women were studied. Those with FMS were classified as thermal (both heat and cold) pain sensitive or slightly cold pain sensitive based on pain thresholds determined using a Thermotest device. Global stress-coping styles, life satisfaction, and specific pain-coping strategies were measured. Patients classified as thermal pain sensitive were affected by physical symptoms to a greater extent than were those classified as slightly cold pain sensitive. The thermal pain sensitive group used more diverting attention coping strategies than the slightly cold pain sensitive group did. Separating fibromyalgia patients into subgroups might increase the potential for improving nursing care of these patients. Through the use of effective coping strategies in dealing with stress and pain, life satisfaction may also be enhanced.
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| 11. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Health experiences and employment status in subjects with chronic back pain : a long-term perspective
- 2006
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Ingår i: Pain Management Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1524-9042 .- 1532-8635. ; 7:2, s. 64-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to describe health experiences, focused on gender and return to work, in subjects with chronic low back pain in a long-term perspective. The convenient sample consisted of 12 subjects who had attended a pain rehabilitation program 6 years earlier. Typed interviews were transcribed, and a content analysis approach was used. Five categories were found: coping, root causes, control/influence, pain, and sleep. The interviews showed that the subjects expressed well-being, although pain had become part of their daily life. However, both gender and well-being group differences were identified. The women and the group with reduced well-being used the root causes category in a higher degree than the men and the well-being group did. The conclusion is that there are differences according to both gender and return to work within the subjects with chronic pain and that these differences are related to both root causes and coping pattern.
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| 12. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Health related quality of life in subgroups of WAD (Whiplash associated disorder) individuals with respect to cold hyperalgesia in quantitative sensory testing (QST)
- 2006
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Ingår i: EFIC Pain in Europe V,2006.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims The term Whiplash associated disorders (WAD) includes a wide range of complaints, with neck pain as predominating symptom. Living with long term pain influences quality of life. In previous studies of other chronic pain patients, subgrouping has been made according to cold pain thresholds measured in QST. The aims of the present study are threefold, (1) to evaluate thermal pain thresholds and health related quality of life in WAD patients compared to healthy pain-free individuals, (2) to explore whether subgrouping of the WAD patients was possible according to cold pain thresholds (CPT), and (3) to explore differences between the subgroups. Methods: Thermal pain thresholds were measured using QST. The SF-36 was used to assess health related quality of life. Results: WAD patients showed significantly decreased CPT (p=0.007) and lower scores on the SF-36 in all scales when compared with healthy pain-free individuals. After analyzing clusters (K-means algorithm) two subgroups of WAD emerged, slightly cold pain sensitive and highly pain sensitive. The slightly pain sensitive group differed significantly from the highly sensitive group on in the Role Emotional scale of SF-36 (p=0.025). Conclusions: Cold pain hyperalgesia seems to be a determinant for subgrouping of WAD patients, with respect to health related quality of life, and might be the result of central sensitization or peripheral mechanisms or as a result of personal characteristics. These group differences might be of importance when guiding patients to treatment interventions as well as when exposing subjects to cold in the clinical situation.
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| 13. |
- Raak, Ragnhild, 1948-, et al.
(författare)
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Stress coping strategies in thermal pain sensitive and insensitive healthy subjects
- 2001
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Practice. - 1322-7114 .- 1440-172X. ; 7:3, s. 162-168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to investigate stress coping strategies used in relation to heat and cold pain thresholds in healthy subjects. After using the Jalowiec Coping Scale, cold and heat pain thresholds were examined using the Quantitative Somatosensory Test in 47 healthy subjects. The participants were separated into thermal pain sensitive and insensitive groups, based on thermal pain perception. The results showed that subjects sensitive to thermal pain tended to adopt an emotive stress coping style significantly more commonly than the insensitive subjects. Furthermore, women displayed a marked preference for this style compared to men. The conclusion is that emotional stress coping did play a role in the perception of thermal pain in this group of healthy subjects and that clinical nursing interventions need to focus on the relationship between emotion and coping.
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| 14. |
- Stening, Kent, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Pain sensations to the cold pressor test in normally menstruating women : Comparison with men and relation to menstrual phase and serum sex steroid levels
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 293:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The role of gonadal hormones on pain sensations was investigated in normally menstruating women (n = 16) using the cold pressor test. Tolerance time, pain threshold, and pain intensity were examined once a week during a 4-wk period, and serum concentrations of 17β-estradiol and progesterone were determined at each test session, which were classified into the early follicular phase, late follicular phase, early luteal phase, and late luteal phase, as determined by the first day of menses and the actual hormone levels recorded. A group of men (n = 10) of the same age interval was examined for comparison. The data show that pain threshold was reduced during the late luteal phase compared with the late follicular phase, and hormone analyses showed significant positive correlation between the progesterone concentration and lowered pain threshold and increasing pain intensity. Hormone analysis also showed an interaction between S-estradiol and S-progesterone on pain intensity, demonstrating that the increased perceived pain intensity that was associated with high progesterone concentrations was significantly reduced with increasing levels of estradiol. While no statistically significant sex differences in pain measurements were found, women displayed much more pronounced, and statistically significant, session-to-session effects than men, with increased pain threshold and decreased pain intensity with each test session. Hence, these data suggest that the changes in the serum concentration of gonadal hormones that occur during the menstrual cycle influence pain sensations elicited by noxious tonic cold stimulation and show that adaptation to the cold pressor test may be sex dependent. © 2007 the American Physiological Society.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Sund-Levander, Märtha, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Normal oral, rectal, tympanic and axillary body temperature in adult men and women : A systematic literature review
- 2002
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 16:2, s. 122-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study was to investigate normal body temperature in adult men and women. A systematic review of data was performed. Searches were carried out in MEDLINE, CINAHL, and manually from identified articles reference lists. Studies from 1935 to 1999 were included. Articles were classified as (1) strong, (2) fairly strong and (3) weak evidence. When summarizing studies with strong or fairly strong evidence the range for oral temperature was 33.2-38.2░C, rectal: 34.4-37.8░C, tympanic: 35.4-37.8░C and axillary: 35.5-37.0░C. The range in oral temperature for men and women, respectively, was 35.7-37.7 and 33.2-38.1░C, in rectal 36.7-37.5 and 36.8-37.1░C, and in tympanic 35.5-37.5 and 35.7-37.5░C. The ranges of normal body temperature need to be adjusted, especially for the lower values. When assessing body temperature it is important to take place of measurement and gender into consideration. Studies with random samples are needed to confirm the range of normal body temperature with respect to gender and age.
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