| 1. |
- Arevström, Lilith, et al.
(författare)
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Freeze-dried bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) dietary supplement improves walking distance and lipids after myocardial infarction: an open-label randomized clinical trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nutrition Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0271-5317 .- 1879-0739. ; 62, s. 13-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vaccinium myrtillus, have a high content of phenolic compounds including anthocyanins, which could provide cardiometabolic health benefits following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We hypothesized that standard medical therapy supplemented with freeze-dried bilberry after AMI would have a more beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk markers and exercise capacity than medical therapy alone. Patients were allocated in a 1:1 ratio within 24 hours of percutaneous coronary intervention in an 8- week trial either to V myrtillus powder (40 g/d, equivalent to 480 g fresh bilberries) and standard medical therapy or to a control group receiving standard medical therapy alone. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and exercise capacity measured with the 6-minute walk test were the primary biochemical and clinical end points, respectively. Fifty subjects completed the study. No statistically significant difference in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was detected between groups. The mean 6-minute walk test distance increased significantly more in the bilberry group compared to the control group: mean difference 38 m at follow-up (95% confidence interval 14- 62, P =.003). Ex vivo oxidized low-density lipoprotein was significantly lowered in the bilberry group compared to control, geometric mean ratio 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.66-0.96, P =.017), whereas total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not differ significantly between groups. Anthocyanin-derived metabolites in blood increased significantly in the bilberry group during the intervention and were different after 8 weeks between the bilberry group and control. Findings in the present study suggest that bilberries may have clinically relevant beneficial effects following AMI; a larger, double-blind clinical trial is warranted to confirm this.
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| 2. |
- Hellstrandh Jorstig, Stina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Determination of Right Ventricular Volume by Combining Echocardiographic Distance Measurements
- 2016
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Ingår i: Echocardiography. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0742-2822 .- 1540-8175. ; 33:6, s. 844-853
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The position of the right ventricle (RV), often partly behind the sternum, implies difficulties to image the RV free wall using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and consequently limits the possibilities of stroke volume calculations. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the volume of the right ventricle (RV) can be determined by combining TTE distance measurements that do not need the RV free wall to be fully visualized.Methods: The RV volume was approximated by an ellipsoid composed of three distances. Distance measurements, modeled RV stroke volumes (RVSV), and RV ejection fraction (RVEF) were compared to reference values obtained from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging for 12 healthy volunteers.Results: Inter-modality comparisons showed that distance measurements were significantly underestimated in TTE compared to CMR. The modeled RV volumes using TTE distance measurements were underestimated compared to reference CMR volumes. There was, however, for TTE an agreement between modeled RVSV and left ventricular stroke volumes determined by biplane Simpson's rule. Similar agreement was shown between modeled RVSV based on CMR distance measurements and the CMR reference. Regarding RVEF, further studies including patients with a wider range of RVEF are needed to evaluate the method.Conclusion: In conclusion, the ellipsoid model of the RV provides good estimates of RVSVs, but volumes based on distance measurements from different modalities cannot be used interchangeably.
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| 3. |
- Jorstig, Stina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Distance and area measurement of the right atrium and ventricle by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging : do we measure the same thing?
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: It has previously been shown that stroke volumes measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) are underestimated, compared to cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in distance and area measurements of the right atrium (RA) and the right ventricle (RV) by TTE and CMR.Methods: TTE examinations and CMR examinations were subsequently performed in 12 healthy volunteers. Three distances (RAL - right atrial length, RVIT3 - right ventricular inflow tract, RVLAX - right ventricular long axis) and one area (RVA - right ventricular area) were measured in TTE and CMR. Stroke volumes were also calculated using conventional methods available on each modality. Both intramodality and intermodality comparisons were performed based on measurements from three observers. One of the observers performed measurements in both TTE and CMR.Results: Intermodality comparisons showed that all distance and area measurements were significantly smaller using TTE (Table 1). Two of the measurements, RVIT3 and RVA, differed at about 50%. Calculated stroke volumes showed, consistent with previous results, that the TTE stroke volumes are substantially underestimated compared to CMR volumes. Intramodality variations of distance and area measurements were considerably smaller (Table 1).Conclusions: Our results show that RV distances and areas measured by TTE are smaller compared to CMR, probably due to differences in defining the endocardial borders. These differences subsequently result in smaller stroke volumes when using TTE. Caution should be taken when comparing distances, areas and volumes measured by TTE and CMR.
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| 4. |
- Jorstig, Stina, 1978-
(författare)
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On the assessment of right ventricular function using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and echocardiography
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging are two commonly used imaging modalities for evaluating the size and function of the heart. There are advantages and disadvantages associated with both modalities when examining the right ventricle (RV).The RV is positioned partly behind the sternum and lung, sometimes causing shadows in the TTE images. This along with the complex shape of the RV makes volume calculations challenging by 2D TTE. CMR is considered to be the reference method for volume calculations of the ventricles. The valve separating the RV from the right atrium is however often oblique compared to the valve separating the left ventricle from the left atrium. This complicates RV volume calculations using conventional CMR short-axis stack images. The aim of this thesis was to find ways to improve the RV stroke volume and ejection fraction calculations using TTE and CMR.A method, transferring the position of the tricuspid plane from RV long-axis images to short-axis images, was developed to improve the separation of the right atrium from the RV when calculating RV stroke volumes by CMR. The method provided calculations of RV stroke volumes with good agreement to reference volumes. Further, the movements contributing to the RV stroke volume was studied aiming to find new ways of calculating RV stroke volumes and ejection fraction by TTE. A model for RV stroke volume and ejection fraction calculations was evaluated showing underestimation of stroke volumes by TTE compared to CMR, which probably depend on differences in distance measurements using the two modalities. The model provided, however, promising results for ejection fraction calculations which was validated in a study of 37 participants that covered a wide range of EF.
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| 5. |
- Jorstig, Stina, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Right ventricular ejection fraction measurements using two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography by applying an ellipsoid model
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cardiovascular Ultrasound. - : BioMed Central. - 1476-7120. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: There is today no established approach to estimate right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) using 2D transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method for RVEF calculations using 2D TTE and compare the results with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE).Methods: A total of 37 subjects, 25 retrospectively included patients and twelve healthy volunteers, were included to give a wide range of RVEF. The right ventricle (RV) was modeled as a part of an ellipsoid enabling calculation of the RV volume by combining three distance measurements. RVEF calculated according to the model, RVEFTTE, were compared with reference CMR-derived RVEF, RVEFCMR. Further, TAPSE was measured in the TTE images and the correlations were calculated between RVEFTTE, TAPSE and RVEFCMR.Results: The mean values were RVEFCMR = 43 +/- 12% (range 20-66%) and RVEFTTE = 50 +/- 9% (range 34-65%). There was a high correlation (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) between RVEFTTE and RVEFCMR. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean difference between RVEFCMR and RVEFTTE of 6 percentage points (ppt) with limits of agreement from -11 to 23 ppt. The mean value for TAPSE was 19 +/- 5 mm and the correlation between TAPSE and RVEFCMR was moderate (r = 0.54, p < 0.001). The correlation between RVEFTTE and RVEFCMR was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the correlation between TAPSE and RVEFCMR.Conclusions: The ellipsoid model shows promise for RVEF calculations using 2D TTE for a wide range of RVEF, providing RVEF estimates that were significantly better correlated to RVEF obtained from CMR compared to TAPSE.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Kumar, Sanjay, et al.
(författare)
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Diastolic function improves after resolution of takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- 2016
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 6:1, s. 17-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a condition of reversible left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction. However, the diastolic function (DF) manifestations of TTC have not been widely investigated. We performed a bicentric study with retrospective analysis of DF in patients with TTC, during onset and at follow-up.METHODS: Twenty-eight patients with TTC (64 ± 10 years, F 24) were included. All underwent echocardiograms acutely and at the recovery phase (average three months later). Diastolic and systolic function parameters were recorded, including E-wave velocity (E), A-wave velocity, E/A ratio, relaxation (e') and contractility (S') based on tissue Doppler velocities of the mitral annuli, ejection fraction (EF), left atrial (LA) size and DF stages.RESULTS: Recovery, including the mean difference with 95% confidence interval, was associated with tending improvement (i.e. uncorrected significance) in E [13 cm s(-1) (-24, -2·3), P = 0·02] and in E/A ratio [0·2 (-0·41, -0·02), P = 0·04], as well as significant improvement (after multiple comparison correction) in mean e' [2·0 cm s(-1) (-3·3, -1·2), P<0·001] and in A-wave duration [29 ms (-46·7, -12·7), P = 0·002]. LA area tended to decrease during recovery [-2 cm² (0·33, 2·4), P = 0·01]. Improvement in DF stages was significant between the phases (21% versus 58% defined as normal DF, P = 0·016). Improvement in LVEF correlated with improvement in mean e' (r = 0·52, P = 0·02).CONCLUSIONS: TTC is associated with an acute impairment of conventional DF variables, which improves during recovery. DF recovery seems to occur in parallel with systolic recovery in patients with TTC.
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| 9. |
- Loiske, Karin, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Left and right ventricular systolic long-axis function and diastolic function in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- 2011
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - Oxford : Wiley. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 31:3, s. 203-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is characterized by apical wall motion abnormalities without coronary stenosis. Limited information is available on the genesis of the underlying reversible contractile disorder. Our objective in this prospective study was to investigate biventricular changes in systolic long-axis function and diastolic parameters in the acute phase and after recovery.Methods and results: Thirteen consecutive patients were examined by echocardiography and coronary angiography at admission and again by echocardiography after 3 months. Amplitudes, systolic and diastolic velocities of the mitral and tricuspid annuli and conventional diastolic parameters were measured. Systolic long-axis shortening of the left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) improved from 9·6 ± 2·2 mm to 11·2 ± 1·9 mm (P = 0·02) and from 21·3 ± 3·6 mm to 24·1 ± 2·8 mm (P = 0·02), respectively. LV systolic, early and late diastolic velocities measured by pulsed-wave tissue Doppler also improved, while additional conventional diastolic parameters of the LV and RV diastolic function were unchanged.Conclusions: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy temporarily affects systolic LV and RV function, while most diastolic parameters remain unchanged
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| 10. |
- Sundström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Acute effects on the ventricular function in Swedish snuffers : an echocardiographic study
- 2012
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - Hoboken, USA : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 32:2, s. 106-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Cigarettes and Swedish snuff contain nicotine, which influence the cardiovascular system. Cigarette smoke has been shown to give an acute impairment in diastolic heart parameters. The systolic and diastolic heart function in snuff users is not thoroughly enough investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate if Swedish snuff will give an acute decrease in systolic and diastolic heart parameters in the left and right ventricles in healthy Swedish snuffers.Methods and results: Thirty healthy volunteers were examined with echocardiography. The study involved recordings from four different times: before snuff intake, 5 and 30 min after intake and finally 30 min after snuff withdrawal. The systolic and diastolic heart parameters were collected with conventional echocardiographic methods. In addition, the heart frequency and blood pressure response were measured. The pulse and blood pressure response were significantly altered (P<0Æ01) during the test. Left ventricular ejection fraction and the amplitudes of mitral and tricuspid annulus motion did not alter significantly. The main finding in the study was the significant decrease (P<0Æ05) in several diastolic heart parameters for both the left and right ventricles.Conclusions: This study shows that snuff intake causes a significant decrease in E ⁄ A ratio and a delay in ventricular relaxation and therefore a decrease in diastolic heart function in the left and right ventricles. The mechanism behind these alterations is probably very complex, but a combination of nicotine effects and loading conditions is probably the main factor.
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| 11. |
- Sundström, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic nicotine effects on left ventricular function in healthy middle-aged people : an echocardiographic study
- 2013
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Ingår i: Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1475-0961 .- 1475-097X. ; 33:4, s. 317-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsCigarettes and Swedish snuff influence the cardiovascular system in many ways. Cigarette and snuff usage have been linked with an acute impairment in several diastolic cardiac parameters during intake. The aim of this study is to investigate whether long-term usage of Swedish snuff or cigarettes also causes a more permanent impairment of systolic and/or diastolic cardiac parameters in the left ventricle in otherwise healthy middle-aged snuffers and smokers.Methods and resultsEighty-seven age-matched volunteers were included and examined with echocardiography. The volunteers were divided into three subgroups; one group with non-tobacco users, one group with long-term smokers and finally one group with long-term snuffers. The smokers and snuffers were instructed not to use these products for at least 5h before the examination. The systolic and diastolic cardiac parameters were collected at one time. Most of the systolic parameters measured were unaltered between the tobacco subgroups and non-tobacco users, and therefore, no alteration of significance was found in systolic parameters. Also, almost all of the diastolic parameters measured were not significantly impaired in the tobacco subgroups compared with non-tobacco users. However, the deceleration time (DT) was slightly prolonged (P<0 center dot 05) and thus statistically significant in the tobacco subgroups. This finding is somewhat difficult to interpret but may be seen as random.ConclusionsThis study reveals that most systolic- and diastolic cardiac parameters are not chronically significantly altered in middle-aged long-term tobacco users compared with age-matched non-tobacco users.
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| 12. |
- Waldenborg, Micael, 1981-
(författare)
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Echocardiographic measurements at Takotsubo cardiomyopathy : transient left ventricular dysfunction
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a disease characterized by transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and typical wall motion abnormalities in apical parts, without obvious signs of coronary influence. Due to its elusive natural cause and the lack of clarified pathology, further studies are needed. Thirteen patients presented with an episode of TTC, and referred to Örebro University Hospital (USÖ), were prospectively included and investigated by comparisons made at onset (acute phase) against at follow-up three months later (recovery phase). Including echocardiographic measurements, focused on biventricular systolic long-axis function and conventional diastolic function (DF) variables. Systolic improvement was shown, while most DF data were unchanged, suggesting that TTC is mainly a systolic disease affecting both ventricles.Diagnosis should include multidisciplinary engagement, as TTC associates both with emotional stress and pathological markers of physiological stress. In this thesis, such approach was offered to the aforementioned patients; to see if a common denominator could be found, thus, contributing to better handling. Emotional state was assessed, along with an array of cardiac investigations in addition to echocardiography. Acutely, imbalance in the autonomic cardiac control was shown, as well as a trend toward posttraumatic stress, but specific findings allowing conclusions on differential diagnosis could not be demonstrated.By adding another 15 TTC patients (i.e. 28 in total), through collaboration with observers from USA, a retrospective echocardiographic analysis could be done to further study DF; concluding that TTC associates with impairment of conventional DF variables which tends to parallel the systolic recovery, in contrary to the initial result but in line with other causesof LV dysfunction.Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is another method of choice at TTC. The USÖ patients had cardiac MRI, thus, a retrospective analysis was done to investigate the effect on LV geometry, both echocardiographic and by MRI; suggesting that TTC is consistently associated with increased LV mass, due to a local impact that seems to follow the change in LVconcentric wall motion.
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| 13. |
- Waldenborg, Micael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect on left ventricular mass and geometry in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 49:1, s. 27-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a condition of transient left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The effects on LV mass (LVM) and geometry have not been studied enough in TTC. Retrospectively, we analyzed our TTC cohort both by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for comparative purposes.Design: Thirteen women undergoing TTE and MRI, at onset and three months later, were included. LVM was estimated by MRI, and two TTE-methods. Segmental wall thickness (SWT) was measured, whilst radial strain was assessed by TTE. Data analysis included Wilcoxon's test (between phases), Mann Whitney U- and McNemar's tests (between and within groups). Bland-Altman analyzes were used for intertechnique coherence, whilst interactions regarding TTE were tested using Spearman's coefficient.Results: LVM decreased during recovery (p<0.05), by MRI and one of the TTE-methods; truncated ellipsoid formula (TEF), which also showed relatively better coherence compared to MRI. SWT decreased in two of three sites, by both modalities, but with ambiguous coherence therebetween. The TEF-data interacted partially with a demonstrated increase in radial strain.Conclusions: TTC associates with acute increase in LVM, which appears to be an apical effect, tending to follow the changes in concentric wall motion. MRI and TTE show adequate coherence; primarily for the TEF-method regarding LVM.
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| 14. |
- Waldenborg, Micael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect on left ventricular mass and geometry in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aims: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is a condition of reversible left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. The effects, from acute to recovery phase, on LV mass (LVM) and the LV geometry are not thoroughly enough studied at TTC, which were the main aims of the present study. Retrospectively, we analyzed our cohort of TTC-patients, both with transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to further investigate these changes, including intertechnique comparison.Methods: We studied 13 female TTC-patients, undergoing TTE and MRI acutely, and three months later at follow-up. LVM was measured with MRI- and five different TTE-methods. Segmental wall thickness (SWT) was assessed, and used for LV hypertrophy (LVH) geometry categorization. Radial strain was measured at TTE. Data analysis included Wilcoxon signed-test (between phases), Mann Whitney U- and McNemar’s tests (between and within groups). Spearman’s coefficient was used for intertechnique coherence (with BlandAltman plots) and for correlations of simultaneous TTE changes.Results: LVM decreased significantly between phases (p<0.05), by MRI and with two TTE-methods. Two of three SWT-sites became significantly thinner, with adequate correlation (rs≥0.69) between techniques, while LVH categories remained unchanged. Relatively better consistency, compared with MRI, was shown for one of the TTE-methods used to estimate LVM (truncated ellipsoid (TE)). Radial strain improved significantly, with partial correlation towards the TE-method.Conclusions: TTC associates with acute increase in LVM, which seems to be a local effect, tending to occur in parallel with changes in concentric wall motion. MRI and TTE shows adequate consistency, primarily for the TE-method regarding LVM.
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| 15. |
- Waldenborg, Micael, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Multidisciplinary assessment of takotsubo cardiomyopathy : a prospective case study
- 2011
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Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 11, s. 14-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The cause of tako tsubo cardiomyopathy remains unclear. We used a multidisciplinary approach to investigate if a common pathophysiological denominator could be outlined.Methods: Within 3 days following symptom presentation and again after 3 months we investigated all patients coming to our institution and diagnosed with tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy. Patients underwent extensive biochemical screening. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography and contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Cardiac autonomic function was studied by heart rate variability and signal-averaged electrocardiogram and posttraumatic stress and depression were investigated by questionnaires (the Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome 10-Questions Inventory, PTSS-10 and the Montgomery-Asberg depression rating scale, self rated version, MADRS-S).Results: During 2 years, 13 consecutive patients were included. Markers of myocardial damage and heart failure were slightly to moderately elevated and ejection fraction (echocardiography and MRi) was moderately reduced at hospitalization and improved to normal values in all patients. Signal averaged ECG demonstrated a statistically significant shorter duration of the filtered QRS complex in the acute phase as compared to follow-up. In heart rate variability analysis, SDNN and SDANN were shorter acutely compared to follow-up. Two patients fulfilled criteria for posttraumatic stress syndrome while 7 patients were in the borderline zone. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between PTSS-10 score and QRS duration in the signal-averaged ECG (r = -0.66, P = 0.01).Conclusions: Patients with tako tsubo cardiomyopathy have altered cardiac autonomic function and a high incidence rate of borderline or definite posttraumatic stress syndrome acutely. This is in line with findings in patients with myocardial infarction and does not allow conclusions on cause and effect.
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