| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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| 3. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 4. |
- Raghavan, Maanasa, et al.
(författare)
-
Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 349:6250
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Howand when the Americas were populated remains contentious. Using ancient and modern genome-wide data, we found that the ancestors of all present-day Native Americans, including Athabascans and Amerindians, entered the Americas as a single migration wave from Siberia no earlier than 23 thousand years ago (ka) and after no more than an 8000-year isolation period in Beringia. After their arrival to the Americas, ancestral Native Americans diversified into two basal genetic branches around 13 ka, one that is now dispersed across North and South America and the other restricted to North America. Subsequent gene flow resulted in some Native Americans sharing ancestry with present-day East Asians (including Siberians) and, more distantly, Australo-Melanesians. Putative "Paleoamerican" relict populations, including the historical Mexican Pericues and South American Fuego-Patagonians, are not directly related to modern Australo-Melanesians as suggested by the Paleoamerican Model.
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| 5. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Mild Climates
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Solar Housing. Strategies and Solutions. Volume 1.. - 9781844073252 ; Volume 1, s. 237-241
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Shading Devices
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Solar Housing. Exemplary Buildings and Technologies. Volume 2.. - 9781844073269 ; Volume 2, s. 128-137
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Solution Examples
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Solar Housing. Strategies and Solutions. Volume 1.. - 9781844073252 ; Volume 1, s. 95-101
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 8. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Temperate Climates
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Solar Housing. Strategies and Solutions. Volume 1.. - 9781844073252 ; Volume 1, s. 179-185
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Eriksdotter-Jönhagen, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Encapsulated cell biodelivery of nerve growth factor to the Basal forebrain in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9824 .- 1420-8008. ; 33:1, s. 18-28
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degeneration of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain correlates with cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Targeted delivery of exogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) has emerged as a potential AD therapy due to its regenerative effects on the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD animal models. Here we report the results of a first-in-man study of encapsulated cell (EC) biodelivery of NGF to the basal forebrain of AD patients with the primary objective to explore safety and tolerability.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Henriksson, Malin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of exercise on symptoms of anxiety in primary care patients: A randomized controlled trial.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of affective disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 1573-2517 .- 0165-0327. ; 297, s. 26-34
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a need for high-quality research regarding exercise interventions for persons with anxiety disorders. We investigate whether a 12-week exercise intervention, with different intensities, could reduce anxiety symptoms in patients with anxiety disorders.286 patients were recruited from primary care in Sweden. Severity of symptoms was self-assessed using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS-S). Participants were randomly assigned to one of two group exercise programs with cardiorespiratory and resistance training and one control/standard treatment non-exercise group, with 1:1:1 allocation.Patients in both exercise groups showed larger improvements in both anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to the control group. No differences in effect sizes were found between the two groups. To study a clinically relevant improvement, BAI and MADRS-S were dichotomized with the mean change in the control group as reference. In adjusted models the odds ratio for improved symptoms of anxiety after low-intensity training was 3.62 (CI 1.34-9.76) and after moderate/high intensity 4.88 (CI 1.66-14.39), for depressive symptoms 4.96 (CI 1.81-13.6) and 4.36 (CI 1.57-12.08) respectively. There was a significant intensity trend for improvement in anxiety symptoms.The use of self-rating measures which bears the risk of an under- or overestimation of symptoms.A 12-week group exercise program proved effective for patients with anxiety syndromes in primary care. These findings strengthen the view of physical exercise as an effective treatment and could be more frequently made available in clinical practice for persons with anxiety issues.
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| 12. |
- Karami, Azadeh, et al.
(författare)
-
Changes in CSF cholinergic biomarkers in response to cell therapy with NGF in patients with Alzheimer's disease
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 11:11, s. 1316-1328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The extensive loss of central cholinergic functions in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain is linked to impaired nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. The cardinal cholinergic biomarker is the acetylcholine synthesizing enzyme, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), which has recently been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The purpose of this study was to see if EC-NGF therapy will alter CSF levels of cholinergic biomarkers, ChAT, and acetylcholinesterase. Method: Encapsulated cell implants releasing NGF (EC-NGF) were surgically implanted bilaterally in the basal forebrain of six AD patients for 12 months and cholinergic markers in CSF were analyzed. Results: Activities of both enzymes were altered after 12 months. In particular, the activity of soluble ChAT showed high correlation with cognition, CSF tau and amyloid-beta, in vivo cerebral glucose utilization and nicotinic binding sites, and morphometric and volumetric magnetic resonance imaging measures. Discussion: A clear pattern of association is demonstrated showing a proof-of-principle effect on CSF cholinergic markers, suggestive of a beneficial EC-NGF implant therapy.
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| 13. |
- Nyberg, Jenny, 1976, et al.
(författare)
-
Anxiety severity and cognitive function in primary care patients with anxiety disorder: a cross-sectional study.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: BMC psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-244X. ; 21:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Deficits in cognitive performance are reported in patients with anxiety disorders, but research is limited and inconsistent. We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations between cognitive function, with focus on executive function, and anxiety severity in primary care patients diagnosed with anxiety disorders.189 Swedish patients aged 18-65years (31% men) with anxiety disorders diagnosed according to Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview were included. Severity of anxiety was assessed using Beck Anxiety Inventory self-assessment scale. Digit span, block design and matrix reasoning tests from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IV, and the design fluency test from the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System were used. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to investigate the relationship of anxiety severity and cognitive functioning. Comparisons were also performed to a normed non-clinical population, using the Wilcoxon signed rank test.More severe anxiety was associated with lower digit span test scores (R2=0.109, B=-0.040, p=0.018), but not with block design, matrix reasoning or design fluency tests scores, after adjustment for comorbid major depression in a multivariable model. When compared to a normed population, patients with anxiety performed significantly lower on the block design, digit span forward, digit span sequencing and matrix reasoning tests.Severity of anxiety among patients with anxiety disorder was associated with executive functions related to working memory, independently of comorbid major depression, but not with lower fluid intelligence. A further understanding of the executive behavioral control in patients with anxiety could allow for more tailored treatment strategies including medication, therapy and interventions targeted to improve specific cognitive domains.
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| 14. |
- Phillips, Helen R. P., et al.
(författare)
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Global distribution of earthworm diversity
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 366:6464, s. 480-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 6928 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at higher latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties or habitat cover. These findings suggest that climate change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
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| 15. |
- Rådegran, Göran, et al.
(författare)
-
Characteristics and survival of adult Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients 2000-2014
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 50:4, s. 243-250
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The Swedish Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Register (SPAHR) is an open continuous register, including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) patients from 2000 and onwards. We hereby launch the first data from SPAHR, defining baseline characteristics and survival of Swedish PAH and CTEPH patients.DESIGN: Incident PAH and CTEPH patients 2008-2014 from all seven Swedish PAH-centres were specifically reviewed.RESULTS: There were 457 PAH (median age: 67 years, 64% female) and 183 CTEPH (median age: 70 years, 50% female) patients, whereof 77 and 81%, respectively, were in functional class III-IV at diagnosis. Systemic hypertension, diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and atrial fibrillation were common comorbidities, particularly in those >65 years. One-, 3- and 5-year survival was 85%, 71% and 59% for PAH patients. Corresponding numbers for CTEPH patients with versus without pulmonary endarterectomy were 96%, 89% and 86% versus 91%, 75% and 69%, respectively. In 2014, the incidence of IPAH/HPAH, associated PAH and CTEPH was 5, 3 and 2 per million inhabitants and year, and the prevalence was 25, 24 and 19 per million inhabitants.CONCLUSION: The majority of the PAH and CTEPH patients were diagnosed at age >65 years, in functional class III-IV, and exhibiting several comorbidities. PAH survival in SPAHR was similar to other registers.
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| 16. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving solar energy in architecture - IEA SHC Task 41
- 2012
-
Ingår i: 1ST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLAR HEATING AND COOLING FOR BUILDINGS AND INDUSTRY (SHC 2012). - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 30, s. 1250-1260
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the wide diversity of available solar technologies, solar energy systems are still not considered as main stream technologies in building practice. This may be attributed to several factors such as lack of awareness and knowledge among architects, lack of tools supporting the design process, and lack of solar products designed for building integration. In order to address these issues, the IEA SHC Task 41 "Solar Energy and Architecture" was carried out during 2009 to 2012. The main aim was to promote the use of solar energy systems within high quality architecture. The main expected outcome is an increased use of solar energy in buildings, reducing the non-renewable energy use and GHG emissions. Fourteen countries participated. The work was organized in three subtasks: A) integration criteria and guidelines, B) tools and methods for architects, and C) case studies and communication guidelines. This article presents an overview of the Task's activities and results. The results include an inventory of computer tools, a literature review, a survey on solar systems perception and use by architects, a survey on needs regarding tools for solar design, recommendations for computer tool developers and different guidelines for solar product developers and architects. Finally an extensive collection of more than 250 case studies with integration of solar systems was evaluated and resulting in the online publication of around 65 selected cases demonstrating inspiring solar architecture. The results of Task 41 are also currently being disseminated through seminars and workshops for building professionals. (C) 2012 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 17. |
- Wall, Maria, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban planning for solar energy - IEA SHC TASK 51
- 2017
-
Ingår i: ISES Solar World Congress 2017 - IEA SHC International Conference on Solar Heating and Cooling for Buildings and Industry 2017, Proceedings. - Freiburg, Germany : International Solar Energy Society. - 9783981465976 ; , s. 2401-2412
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increased use of solar energy is a key ingredient for forging resilient cities. This recognises the importance of the urban fabric being able to use renewable energy sources to become increasingly self-sustainable. In that regard, the integration of active solar energy systems in the built environment will allow cities to reach a high level of sustainability. In this framework, the main objective of the IEA SHC Task 51 Solar Energy in Urban Planning, was to provide support to urban planners, authorities and architects to develop urban areas with architecturally integrated solar energy solutions. The scope includes solar energy issues related to new and existing urban development areas and sensitive solar landscapes. This paper presents an overview of the Task's results from 11 countries including reviews on legal framework, barriers and opportunities, on planning processes and on educational issues. Approaches, methods and tools are presented as well as a collection of case stories with lessons learnt and a web-based learning platform.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Albinsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Creating and sustaining successful knowledge management in purposeful communities : summary of key experiences from pioneers
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Systems research and behavioral science. - : John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. - 1092-7026 .- 1099-1743. ; 25:5, s. 615-626
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on research organized as a number of workshops, case studies and interviews with experienced practitioners as well as academics, we present in this report the most important findings on how to create and sustain successful knowledge management in a community environment. The cases, workshops and interviews deal specifically with the Microsoft Solutions Sharing Network (SSN) program, but the findings, conclusions and preliminary recommendations can be applied more generally to the development of any knowledge management community. A key conclusion is that the bulk of efforts toward creating successful knowledge management communities focus oil less technical, or softer aspects like leadership, culture, social settings and value of participation. However, these are essential, but not sufficient, ingredients for success. Technical issues, issues regarding development and customization of the tools used to facilitate knowledge management (for example, the SSN web portal), and emerging legal issues surrounding the sharing of intellectual property UP) may be perceived as somewhat less important to the participants, but are nevertheless key factors in the long term success of these communities. It is also concluded that the foundation for successful collaboration is primarily laid in the initial phases of community development. A community must make a positive impression oil its participants from the very beginning because most people will not give it a second chance. In this report we have highlighted three important areas to consider when establishing portals for knowledge management: Leadership, Purpose and Process/Infrastructure. A leadership with high credibility in the subject is needed to lead the participants in the right direction, manage the cultural processes and to make sure that relevant content can be found. Initially it is the content that brings people to a specific community. Thus, there has to be some common purpose that not only needs to be in congruence with the professional role of the participants but also be inspiring for them as well. Additionally, the community should have some sort of process that the participants can understand and suits the way they would like to interact. Face-to-face meetings and networking activities create trust which is important to get the process started. Language, IT platform, support and rules governing the contribution, creation and sharing of 'knowledge' for the community are other concerns that need to be considered within the process. Copyright (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Annica, et al.
(författare)
-
Paths to a sustainable food sector guided by LCA – exemplified by pork production
- 2014
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To describe a more sustainable food sector, a supply chain approach is needed. Changing supply chains inevitably means that a range of attributes of the product and its system will change. This project will take on this challenge and deliver detailed descriptions of supply chains of six commodities from a Swedish region in 2012; Milk, cheese, beef, pork, chicken and bread. The set-up of the project was that experts on production along the supply chain design environmentally improved systems. The next step was to challenge the improvements considering their possible consequences on products and systems from different perspectives: food safety, sensory qualities, animal welfare, and consumer appreciation and (only for primary production) costs. The final supply chains were quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA), and they were again assessed from the perspectives mentioned above. Results will be generated during August 2014 and comprise both single-product LCA and region-wide impacts of the future scenarios.
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| 23. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
A parametric study of the energy and moisture performance in Passive House exterior walls
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adding insulation to improve the energy performance of a building with a traditional Swedish wooden construction may increase the risk of mould growth in the wooden construction. There is a need to address this potential problem since the amount of passive houses and low energy buildings are increasing as a means to reduce energy use, energy dependency and greenhouse gas emissions. This paper evaluates energy performance and moisture performance simultaneously in order to create a more holistic approach. Space heating demand, peak load for space heating and risk for mould growth are evaluated. The analysis of these three different aspects shows that there is no contradiction between moisture safety design and energy efficient design. It may however not be suitable to increase the amounts of insulation in traditional wooden constructions without considering risk of mould growth.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Att definiera Nollenergibyggnader – En internationell angelägenhet
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Fler och fler byggnader utformas och uppförs där målsättningen är att uppnå någon form av balans mellan byggnadens energibehov och energi som byggnaden själv tillför. I dagsläget finns ingen tydlig definition av hur denna balans skall beräknas, varken nationellt eller internationellt. Denna artikel presenterar viktiga frågor som bör besvaras i samband med ett sådant definitionsarbete. Artikeln baseras i huvudsak på arbete inom IEA SHC Task 40/ECBCS Annex 52; Towards Net Zero Energy Solar Buildings
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| 27. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Calculation of thermal bridges in (Nordic) building envelopes - Risk of performance failure due to inconsistent use of methodology
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 65, s. 331-339
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of energy use in buildings is an important measure to achieve climate change mitigation. It is essential to minimize heat losses when designing and building energy efficient buildings. For an energy-efficient building in a cold climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission losses through the building envelope. Therefore, calculations of these must be carried out in a correct way to ensure a properly sized heating system and a good indoor climate. There is today a risk of misunderstanding and inconsistent use of methodology when transmission heat transfer is calculated. To investigate the state of knowledge among Swedish consultants a survey was conducted regarding thermal bridges and calculations of transmission heat transfer. Furthermore, the impact of thermal bridges was studied by comparative calculations for a case study building with different building systems and different amounts of insulation. The study shows that the relevant standards and the building code in Sweden are interpreted in many different ways regarding calculation of transmission heat transfer and energy performance. There is a lack of understanding regarding the impact of different measuring methods on thermal bridges. When more insulation is used the relative impact of thermal bridges increases. It is therefore not suitable to use a single predefined percentage factor, increasing the transmission heat transfer through building elements, to account for the effect of thermal bridges. If values for normalized thermal bridges are to be used, they need to be differentiated by building system and different amounts of insulation (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 28. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation and optimization of a Swedish Net ZEB - Using load matching and grid interaction indicators
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the First Building Simulation and Optimization Conference, Loughborough, UK, September 10-11, 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Net Zero Energy Buildings, Net ZEBs, is one of many necessary measures for climate change mitigation as they may reduce the energy consumption in the building sector. The Net ZEB interacts with a grid infrastructure. It is therefore important to consider the interaction with the grid in the design phase. This paper reports an evaluation of a proposed design of a Net ZEB in the south of Sweden evaluating load matching and grid interaction using simulated data sets with hourly resolution. The aim was to find a design with as high load matching and as low grid interaction as possible. The results show difficulties of achieving a high load matching between the building load and on-site generation, due to the Nordic climate and the relatively low loads during daytime, when the availability of solar energy is high. The building is likely to accomplish the goal of a Net ZEB balance. If higher flexibility is sought, a larger energy storage should be considered.
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| 29. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Hygrothermal conditions in exterior walls for passive houses in cold climate considering future climate scenario
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduction of energy use constitutes as an important measure for climate change mitigation. Buildings today account for 40% of the world’s primary energy use and 24% of the greenhouse gas emissions [International Energy Agency (IEA) 2011]0. The concept of passive houses is one of many necessary measures for climate change mitigation. To reach the passive house ambition in cold climates, increased thermal resistance of the building envelope is vital. Increasing the thermal resistance in combination with climate change will result in a different microclimate within the building envelope. Possible future micro climate in exterior walls are produced by hygrothermal simulations using the numerical software WUFI . The simulations are conducted for four different locations in Sweden, where the main difference is geographically in the respect of latitude, for the year period 1985-2098. Regional climate is based on data from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, using regional climate models developed at the Rossby Centre, RCA3. The RCA3 model covers Europe with a horizontal resolution of 50x50 kilometres. The boundary conditions are from the global climate model ECHAM5. The increased risk for performance failure due to high humidity levels is conducted by assessing the result from the simulations combining three different evaluation models described in, which mainly differ in respect of the consideration of fluctuating hygrothermal conditions. The investigations show that the risk of mould growth will increase in the future. However, adding more insulation to the exterior side of a wood frame construction results into more stabile hygrothermal conditions. Based on the results from the simulations it is recommended that all constructions with bio gradable materials should be given exterior insulation to decrease the risk of mould growth. Furthermore, building elements must always be designed to have the ability to dehydrate moisture that has entered, whether it is due to driving rain, built in moisture or other reasons.
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| 30. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Köldbryggor : Hur har kunskapen utvecklats i Sverige
- 2022
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Ingår i: Bygg & teknik. - 0281-658X. ; :2, s. 42-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Byggnaders energibehov behöver minska i kombination med att energiförsörjningen (el, värme, gas, med mera) behöver fasa ut användandet av fossila bränslen för att motverka den pågående klimatförändringen. Olika strategier kan tillämpas för att utforma och bygga/renovera energieffektiva byggnader. En viktig åtgärd, oavsett strategi, är att minska energibehovet, vilket i Sverige vanligtvis innefattar ett tätt och välisolerat klimatskal i kombination med mekanisk ventilation, med värmeåtervinning. Den huvudsakliga orsaken till byggnadens värmebehov i denna typ av byggnader är relaterat till transmissionsförluster genom klimatskalet, där köldbryggorna kan stå för mer än 30 procent av transmissionsförlusterna. Bristande beräkningar och/eller uppskattningar av köldbryggor kan leda till stora konsekvenser. Dels för brukare, dels för konsulter och entreprenörer.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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LCE analysis of buildings - Taking the step towards Net Zero Energy Buildings
- 2013
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 1872-6178 .- 0378-7788. ; 62, s. 381-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic concept of a Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) is that on-site renewable energy generation covers the annual energy load. The main objective of this study is to analyse the increase of embodied energy compared to the decrease of the energy use related to building operation; partly by a literature review, partly by detailed analysis of eleven case studies; taking the step from a low energy building to a Net ZEB. The literature review shows that the metric of evaluation, assumed life-span, boundary conditions, age of database and the origin of database differ in different studies and influence the result of embodied energy, The relationship between embodied energy and life cycle energy use is almost linear for all cases studied herein. During the last two decades, embodied energy in new buildings has decreased slightly. However, the relative share of embodied energy related to life cycle energy use has increased. The detailed life cycle energy analysis show that taking the step from a low energy building to a Net ZEB results in a small increase of the embodied energy. However, the energy savings achieved in the annual operating energy balance clearly exceed the increase in embodied energy. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 34. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Moisture Conditions in Exterior Walls for Net Zero Energy Buildings in Cold Climate - Considering Future Climate
- 2012
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important measure for climate change mitigation is reduction of energy use in buildings worldwide. To decrease the energy use of a building in a Nordic climate, increased thermal resistance of the building envelope is a suitable measure. Adding more insulation in combination with climate change may increase the risk of mold growth within the building envelope. This study evaluates hygrothermal conditions for three different wood frame wall assemblies and four different locations in Sweden. The evaluation is based on simulations where the exterior climate is based on a climate scenario from the Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute. The evaluation of the climate scenarios show a trend of increased precipitation and temperature. Examining the hygrothermal conditions; all evaluations models indicate an increased risk of mold growth over time due to climate change. Adding more insulation to a building envelope will decrease the dehydration of built-in moisture. However, adding more insulation to the exterior side of a wood frame construction results into more stabile hygrothermal conditions. Based on the results from the simulations it is recommended that all constructions with bio gradable materials should be given exterior insulation to decrease the risk of mold growth. Furthermore, building elements must always be designed to have the ability to dehydrate moisture that has entered, whether it is due to driving rain, built in moisture or other reasons.
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| 35. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Nationella och internationella erfarenheter från energirenovering med stor energibesparing
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X. ; , s. 46-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- För att nå energimålen för bebyggelsen till 2020, uppsatta av EU och av den svenska regeringen, är det nödvändigt att inte bara minska energianvändningen i nybyggnader utan att även energieffektivisera befintlig bebyggelse. När renovering ändå genomförs finns stora möjligheter att utföra energibesparande åtgärder och på samma gång höja inomhuskomforten för de boende.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Normalisation of Measured Energy Use in Buildings — Need for a Review of the Swedish Regulations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cold Climate HVAC 2018. CCC 2018. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 9783030006617 - 9783030006624 ; , s. 995-995
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Normalisation of measured energy use in buildings is important in order to verify their performance in user phase. Two methods for normalisation have been presented in Sweden, static and dynamic normalisation. The static normalisation considers deviating hot water use, indoor temperature, internal loads and external climate. The dynamic normalisation is based on repeated simulation, meaning that the initial simulation, carried out during the design phase, is repeated with updated conditions regarding actual use of the building and exterior climate. The ratio between the first and second simulation is used as a factor for normalisation. A pre-study has been initiated in Sweden to enable further development of the two methods. This paper present the two methods, the initiated pre-study, and some early findings. The early findings show that there is need for further development of the methods presented.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Profitable Net ZEBs - how to break the traditional LCC analysis
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on energy, environment and economics, Edinburgh, UK.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Global warming and an increasing population needing more buildings are important issues ahead. Hence, Net ZEBs and green buildings is one of many necessary measures for climate change mitigation. Some studies indicate that improved energy and/or green performance in these buildings may not be profitable. However, a short time perspective and narrow concept for evaluation may be wrong. This study presents two different built Net ZEBs in Sweden, with verified plus energy performance in user phase. Furthermore, it presents an economic analysis, based on life cycle costing (LCC), where additional green values are included in the analysis. The study shows that the, discounted, cumulative annual cost reductions due to green values exceed the initial extra cost after roughly five years. More research should be carried out in order to develop the methods and equations presented here and to gain more knowledge regarding reduced employee turnover, reduced sick absence, increased productivity, etc. in green buildings.
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| 41. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Review of Constructions and Materials Used in Swedish Residential Buildings during the Post-War Peak of Production
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 9:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of the greatest challenges for the world today is the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. As buildings contribute to almost a quarter of the greenhouse gas emissions worldwide, reducing the energy use of the existing building stock is an important measure for climate change mitigation. In order to increase the renovation pace, there is a need for a comprehensive technicaldocumentation that describes different types of buildings in the existing building stock. The purpose of this study is to analyse and describe existing residential buildings in Sweden. The data are based on published reports from 1967 to 1994 that have not been publicly available in a database for otherresearchers to study until now. Data from the reports have been transferred to a database and analysed to create a reference for buildings and/or a description of building typology in Sweden. This study found that there is a rather large homogeneity in the existing residential building stock. However, it is not possible to use a single reference building or building technique to cover the majority of the existing buildings. In Sweden, common constructions for exterior walls in multi-dwelling buildings which should be used for further studies are insulated wood infill walls with clay brick façades, lightweight concrete walls with rendered façades and concrete sandwich walls. The most common constructions for one- and two-dwelling buildings are insulated wooden walls with clay brick façades or wooden façades. Furthermore, roof constructions with insulated tie beam and roof constructions where the tie beam is a part of the interior floor slab are frequently used and should be included in further studies.
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| 42. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Se byggsystemet, inte byggdelen, vid beräkning av energiförluster
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Dagens energiregler ställer krav på att hänsyn tas till köldbryggor. Trots detta är kunskapsläget mycket lågt och förenklade beräkningsmetoder är inte tillfredsställande. Mängden isolering mellan två olika byggsystem kan skilja med över 50 procent och ändå teoretiskt ha samma värmeledningsförluster då hänsyn tas till köldbryggor, beroende på vald beräkningsmetod.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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State of Knowledge of Thermal Bridges—A Follow up in Sweden and a Review of Recent Research
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 8:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important to minimize transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope when designing and building energy efficient buildings in heating dominated climates. In such a climate, a large part of the space heating demand is caused by transmission heat transfer losses through the building envelope. Calculations of these losses must be carried out in a correct way to ensure a properly sized heating system and a good indoor climate. Furthermore, underestimating the transmission heat transfer may lead to energy costs that exceed expectations. A Swedish study was published five years ago which concluded that the state of knowledge was low and simplified methods used were not accurate. Five years has passed since the previous study. The purpose of this follow-up is to investigate whether the state of knowledge among Swedish consultants has increased and to review the progress within the international field. The study shows that little has changed in Sweden. The state of knowledge regarding different measuring methods and the effect on thermal bridges is still not satisfying. Furthermore, the review of recent research shows that the relative effect of thermal bridges vary greatly. More guidelines and education/training are needed. Further research should be carried out with a holistic approach where thermal bridges are investigated with varying construction types, energy efficiency of building envelopes and different measuring methods
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| 45. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The architects and the residents are in charge of the indoor temperature
- 2013
-
Ingår i: ; , s. 536-548
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced energy consumption is an important strategy for climate change mitigation. Buildings, worldwide, accounts for 40 % of the primary energy use and 24 % of greenhouse gas emissions.There are studies and publications indicating that problems with high indoor temperature during summer are increasing in residential buildings designed as passive houses and low-energy buildings.The objective of this study is to investigate and quantify the effect of different measures that may reduce the risk of high indoor temperature for dwellings in summer. The result may serve as guidelines for architects and consultants in early design stages.This study examined the effect of different measures that may be applied to reduce the indoor temperature in dwellings in summer by simulations using IDA ICE 4.5. Hence, the results should only be used for residential buildings.The simulations show that for residential buildings the duration of high indoor temperature increases when taking the step from the standard concept to the low-energy concept, regardless of investigated option. However the increase in duration is low compared to decreases of high indoor temperature, possible to reach by different airing strategies or different measures to reduce thesolar insolation.Airing must be presumed in order to achieve and maintain a high thermal comfort during summer without mechanical cooling. High indoor temperatures cannot be solved with only shading and window sizes. Therefore; Always create possibilities for airing, which requires operable windows, doors or airing panels. Mechanical automated control may be a suitable feature in order to reducethe effort required from the residents. Secondly; consider large external horizontal solar shading. Note that the required size of a horizontal shading in relation to window height usually is higher on facades facing east and west.
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| 46. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
The importance of a common method and correct calculation of thermal bridges
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper elucidates the increased need of correct calculations of thermal bridges for low/near zero energy buildings. The variability of the results from calculations of transmission losses for a building can be large if the calculation method within EN ISO 13789:2007 is not fully understood. A survey has been carried out which shows that there are no consensus in Sweden regarding how to define the transmitting area for a 1-D building component as input for energy calculations and that there is confusion regarding the definition of thermal bridges. It seems that the most common misunderstanding regarding thermal bridges is that the geometrical effect; thermal bridges caused by the fact that they have different internal and external area. In order to minimize the risk of misunderstanding of areas and thermal bridges should subscripts always be used.
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| 47. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Thermal bridges in passive houses and nearly zero-energy buildings
- 2011
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important strategy for climate mitigation is reduction of energy use in buildings. One approach is to build or renovate buildings applying passive house design or a zero-energy building approach. The first step towards passive house design is reduction of heat losses, and therefore improving the thermal resistance of the building envelope. This is reached by adding more insulation and/or insulation with low thermal conductivity. A recent study shows that professionals unfortunately are not always aware of the concept of thermal bridges combined with different definitions of measuring of building elements. Furthermore, the effect of thermal bridges is usually taken into account using simplified methods which may not be correct. This paper explains the differences in different measuring methods which may be applied today according to European standards, and the possible impact on the specific values of linear thermal bridges. The results show that the relative effect of thermal bridges may increase when the thermal resistance of the building envelope is improved. It also shows that the difference between simplified calculations and more accurate calculations increases when the thermal resistance of the building envelope is improved. The case study shows that the effect of misunderstandings or carelessly handling of thermal bridges in the design phase may lead to an underestimation of peak power for space heating and energy demand for heating by 29 % and 37% respectively. To minimize the risk for undersized heating systems and increased space heating demand, subscripts indicating the applied measuring method (used in calculations to determine specific values of thermal bridges) should always be used when thermal bridges are presented.
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| 48. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Two methods for normalisation of measured energy performance-Testing of a net-zero energy building in Sweden
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 7:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increasing demand for energy-efficient buildings has led to an increasing focus on predicted energy performance once a building is in use. Many studies have identified a performance gap between predicted energy use and actual measured energy use once buildings are in the user phase. However, none of the identified studies normalise measured energy use for both internal and external deviating boundary conditions. This study uses a Net-zero energy building (Net ZEB) building in Sweden to test two different approaches to the normalisation of measured energy use-static and dynamic methods. The normalisation of energy use for a ground source heat pump reduces the performance gap from 12% to 1-5%, depending on the method of normalisation. The normalisation of energy from photovoltaic (PV) panels reduces the performance gap from 17% to 5%, regardless of the method used. The results show that normalisation is important in order to accurately determine the energy performance of buildings. The most important parameters are the indoor temperature and internal loads, which have the largest effect on normalisation in this case study. Furthermore, the case study shows that it is possible to build Net ZEB buildings with existing technologies in a Northern European climate.
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| 49. |
- Berggren, Björn, et al.
(författare)
-
Underlag för energirenovering av klimatskal - en genomgång av tillgänglig låneobjektsstatistik
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Bygg och teknik. - 0281-658X. ; , s. 19-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En stor del av de bostäder som uppfördes före 1990 finansierades med statliga bostadslån och för dessa samlades det in en stor mängd uppgifter avseende byggnadernas tekniska lösningar. Uppgifterna publicerades årligen i Statistiska Meddelande från Statistiska Centralbyrån, SCB. I syfte att upprätta ett underlag för framtagande av typlösningar för energirenovering av dessa klimatskal har underlaget sammanställts.
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| 50. |
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