| 1. |
- Nordén, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
- 2015
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:2, s. 256-261
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background/Objectives:Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat-free mass depletion.Subjects/Methods:The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62% female subjects). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires: the Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Disease-Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).Results:Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared with men (P<0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (fat-free mass index (FFMI) <15 kg/m(2) for women and FFMI<16 kg/m(2) for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (P<0.05) and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared with non-depleted patients (P<0.05).Conclusions:NIS are common in patients with COPD, and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and whether NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
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| 2. |
- Björkman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Locus of control and self-efficacy in relation to 12-month weight change after non-surgical weight loss treatment in adults with severe obesity – A clinical cohort study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Obesity Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 2451-8476. ; 32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sustainable dietary, behavioural and lifestyle changes are necessary to accomplish weight loss. Aim: Evaluate impact of internal motivation, locus of control and self-efficacy on non-surgical weight loss treatment in patients with severe obesity. Methods: A total of 1196 patients, Body Mass Index ≥35 kg/m2, referred to obesity treatment were included. Visual analogue scales for motivation, locus of control and self-efficacy were completed before starting weight loss treatment. Results: A total of 601 patients (42% drop out) completed 12-month weight loss treatment. After 12 months, 94.6% in the Very Low Energy Diet (VLED) group and 79.4% in the dietary treatment group had a weight loss of ≥5% of their body weight. No statistically significant associations were found between achieved weight loss in the VLED group, and locus of control or self-efficacy. Achieving ≥15% weight loss by dietary treatment was related to a higher score on self-efficacy compared to those who lost <5% in weight or dropped out. Conclusion: Self-efficacy appears to be important for weight loss when on dietary treatment without VLED. Attrition rate was higher among patients with lower score on self-efficacy at baseline. The study indicates that psychological factors associated with adherence to, and completion of weight loss treatment deserve attention.
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| 3. |
- Björkman, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Nocturnal eating but not binge eating disorder is related to less 12 months' weight loss in men and women with severe obesity: A retrospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: Clinical Obesity. - : Wiley. - 1758-8103 .- 1758-8111. ; 10:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a paucity of studies on the frequency of binge-eating disorder (BED) and nocturnal eating (NE) and their potential role as barriers in non-surgical weight loss treatment in subjects with severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] >= 35 kg m(2)). The aim was to identify BED and NE, and their effect on weight loss treatment. In total, 1132 (727 women, 405 men), BMI similar to 41 kg/m(2)were patients in a 12-month weight loss programme at a specialist clinic. The questionnaire for eating and weight patterns-revised was completed by the patients before start of treatment. BED was diagnosed in 5.1% of men and 12.4% of women. NE prevalence was 13.5% and 12.7%, respectively. Mean (+/- SEM) 12-month weight loss was less in patients with NE compared to those without (-11.0 +/- 1.5 vs -14.6 +/- 0.7 kg,P= .008) but did not differ in patients with and without BED, (-12.3 +/- 1.9 vs -14.2 +/- 0.6 kg,P= .24). Factors associated with dropout were BED (odds ratio, OR 1.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-2.17;P= .006) and previous weight loss attempts (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.0-1.7;P= .02). BED did not seem to hinder weight loss whereas NE resulted in less weight loss in patients with severe obesity who completed a 12-month treatment programme. Previous weight loss attempts affect both dropout and ability to lose weight.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hyltander, Anders, 1954, et al.
(författare)
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Supportive nutrition on recovery of metabolism, nutritional state, health-related quality of life, and exercise capacity after major surgery: a randomized study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology. - 1542-3565. ; 3:5, s. 466-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate whether specialized supportive enteral and parenteral feeding have superior effects compared to oral nutrition on recovery during long-term postoperative treatment of cancer patients with preoperative weight loss and reduced maximum exercise capacity. METHODS: One hundred twenty-six patients referred for resection of the esophagus (n = 48), stomach (n = 28), or pancreas (n = 50) were considered to be included before operation. Included patients (n = 80) received supportive enteral or parenteral nutrition postoperatively at home corresponding to 1000 kcal/d until the patients did not wish to continue with artificial nutrition for any reason. Patients randomized to oral nutrition only served as control subjects. Caloric intake, body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and respiratory gas exchanges at rest and during exercise were measured including health-related quality of life. RESULTS: Survival and hospital stay did not differ among the groups, whereas overall complications were higher on artificial nutrition (P < .05). Changes in resting energy expenditure and biochemical tests did not differ during follow-up among the groups. Body weight and whole body fat declined similarly over time in all groups (P < .005), whereas lean body mass was unchanged during follow-up compared to preoperative values. Maximum exercise capacity and maximum oxygen consumption were normalized within 6 months postoperatively in all groups. There was no difference in recovery of food intake among the groups. Parenteral feeding was associated with the highest rate of nutrition-related complications, whereas enteral feeding reduced quality of life most extensively. CONCLUSION: After major surgery, specialized supportive enteral and parenteral nutrition are not superior to oral nutrition only when guided by a dietitian.
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| 6. |
- Lindqvist, Helen, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Validity of bioimpedance for assessment of fat-free mass in women with Rheumatoid Arthritis compared to non-rheumatic controls
- 2022
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Ingår i: Clinical Nutrition Espen. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-4577. ; 47, s. 333-338
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: The aim was to assess the validity of bioimpedance in the assessment of fat free mass (FFM) among women and to study if the validity differs between women with and without Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Methods: 38 women with RA and 24 non-rheumatic controls were included. FFM was measured in the non-fasting state using DXA (Lunar Prodigy), multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (MF-BIA [Tanita MC-180 MA]), single-frequency BIA (SF-BIA) and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) (both Impedimed SFB7). BIS raw data were also used to calculate FFM from equations by Matthie, Jaffrin and Moissl. Results were compared using correlation, Bland Altman analysis, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Women with RA had different body water distribution compared to women without RA (p < 0.05). Median bias in FFM assessed by bioimpedance was 0.62-7.87 kg with wide limits of agreement for all methods. Median FFM differed significantly from DXA by all bioimpedance methods except for BIS by Jaffrin. Women with RA had significantly smaller biases compared to non-rheumatic controls using BIS equations by Matthie (p = 0.012) and Moissl (p = 0.025). Correlations between FFM measured by DXA and bioimpedance (r = 0.73-0.85, all p < 0.001) did not differ between groups. The sensitivity of bioimpedance to detect low fat free mass index (FFMI) was 0-47%. Conclusion: The results of this study show that bioimpedance has similar validity in women with RA compared to non-rheumatic controls, despite differences in body water distribution. Agreement with DXA improved when applying specific equations, but the clinical utility of bioimpedance is questionable as all methods failed to identify low FFMI with acceptable precision. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism.
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| 7. |
- Malm-Erjefält, M., et al.
(författare)
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Circulating eosinophils in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis lack morphological signs of degranulation
- 2005
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Ingår i: Clin Exp Allergy. ; 35:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Summary Background In allergic diseases, eosinophils in affected tissues release granule proteins with cytotoxic, immunoregulatory, and remodelling-promoting properties. From recent observations, it may be assumed that eosinophils degranulate already in circulating blood. If degranulation occurs in the circulation, this could contribute to widespread systemic effects and provide an important marker of disease. Objective To determine the degranulation status of circulating eosinophils in common allergic diseases. Methods Using a novel approach of whole blood fixation and leucocyte preparation, the granule morphology of blood eosinophils from healthy subjects, non-symptomatic patients, symptomatic patients with asthma, asthma and Churg-Strauss syndrome, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and eosinophil peroxidase (TEM) histochemistry. Plasma and serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein were measured by fluoroenzymeimmunoassay. Selected tissue biopsies were examined by TEM. Results Regardless of symptoms, circulating eosinophils from allergic patients showed the same granule morphology as cells from healthy subjects. The majority of eosinophil-specific granules had preserved intact electron-density (96%; range: 89-98%), while the remaining granules typically exhibited marginal coarsening or mild lucency of the matrix structure. Abnormalities of the crystalline granule core were rarely detected. Furthermore, granule matrix alterations were not associated with any re-localization of intracellular EPO or increase in plasma eosinophil cationic protein. By contrast, eosinophils in diseased tissues exhibited cytolysis (granule release through membrane rupture) and piecemeal degranulation (loss of granule matrix and core structures). Conclusion In symptomatic eosinophilic diseases, circulating blood eosinophils retain their granule contents until they have reached their target organ.
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| 8. |
- Norden, J., et al.
(författare)
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Nutrition impact symptoms and body composition in patients with COPD
- 2015
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 0954-3007 .- 1476-5640. ; 69:2, s. 256-261
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Anorexia or lack of appetite is common in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and may be caused or augmented by several symptoms affecting appetite and eating. We aimed to investigate and quantify the extent of nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) in patients with COPD and to explore relationships between NIS and fat-free mass depletion.SUBJECTS/METHODS: The results in this cross-sectional study are based on 169 COPD patients (62% female subjects). Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy and the patients reported NIS by two newly developed questionnaires: the Eating Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) and the Disease-Related Appetite Questionnaire (DRAQ).RESULTS: Symptoms with the highest prevalence were dry mouth (71%), stomach ache (39%), pain or aches affecting appetite (36%) and constipation (35%). Problems with diarrhoea and feeling affected by smells were more severe among women compared with men (P < 0.05). Thirty-six percent of the patients were depleted (fat-free mass index (FFMI) < 15 kg/m(2) for women and FFMI < 16 kg/m(2) for men). Depleted patients had more NIS (P < 0.05) and also rated appetite and taste of food as worse compared with non-depleted patients (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: NIS are common in patients with COPD, and depleted patients have more severe symptoms. To investigate how these symptoms are best prevented and/or managed and whether NIS prevention/treatment can affect development of malnutrition in patients with COPD is a challenge for the future.
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| 9. |
- Samuelsson, Jessica, et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors in relation to incident dementia among 70-year-olds
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Nutrition. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1436-6207 .- 1436-6215. ; 61, s. 871-884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate potential interactions between dietary patterns and genetic factors modulating risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in relation to incident dementia. Methods Data were derived from the population-based Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Studies in Sweden, including 602 dementia-free 70-year-olds (examined 1992-93, or 2000-02; 64% women) followed for incident dementia until 2016. Two factors from a reduced rank regression analysis were translated into dietary patterns, one healthy (e.g., vegetables, fruit, and fish) and one western (e.g., red meat, refined cereals, and full-fat dairy products). Genetic risk was determined by APOE epsilon 4 status and non-APOE AD-polygenic risk scores (AD-PRSs). Gene-diet interactions in relation to incident dementia were analysed with Cox regression models. The interaction p value threshold was < 0.1. Results There were interactions between the dietary patterns and APOE epsilon 4 status in relation to incident dementia (interaction p value threshold of < 0.1), while no evidence of interactions were found between the dietary patterns and the AD-PRSs. Those with higher adherence to a healthy dietary pattern had a reduced risk of dementia among epsilon 4 non-carriers (HR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.61; 0.98), but not among epsilon 4 carriers (HR: 0.86; CI: 0.63; 1.18). Those with a higher adherence to the western dietary pattern had an increased risk of dementia among epsilon 4 carriers (HR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.78), while no association was observed among epsilon 4 non-carriers (HR: 0.99; CI: 0.81; 1.21). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that there is an interplay between dietary patterns and APOE epsilon 4 status in relation to incident dementia.
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| 10. |
- Wallengren, N O, et al.
(författare)
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MR imaging of the pancreas at 0.3 T using a super-paramagnetic oral contrast medium
- 1994
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455. ; 35:2, s. 147-151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Twenty patients with carcinoma of the pancreas identified with ultrasonography and/or CT and confirmed by histology, were examined with MR before and after administration of an oral super-paramagnetic contrast medium. Ten patients were examined after administration of the contrast medium through a duodenal tube. Ten patients drank the contrast medium mixed with a viscosity-increasing agent. Organ delineation and diagnostic information were improved in the postcontrast scans in both groups and the viscous contrast suspension yielded better delineation and diagnostic information than the aqueous suspension. The viscous contrast suspension also showed better tolerance, contrast distribution and less artifacts than the aqueous suspension.
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| 11. |
- Wang, C, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic efficacy of MnDPDP in MR imaging of the liver. A phase III multicentre study
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 38:4, s. 643-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic efficacy, safety and tolerability of mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP, Teslascan) in MR imaging of the liver. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighty-two patients from 4 centres underwent MR imaging with pre-contrast sequences including T1-weighted SE and GRE, and T2-weighted turbo SE sequences. MnDPDP at a dose of 5 mumol/kg b.w. was administered by slow i.v. infusion, and 20-60 min after infusion the T1-weighted SE and GRE sequences were repeated. Diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by counting the number of lesions and by evaluating whether more information for lesion characterisation was available in post-contrast images. Safety and tolerability were assessed by recording adverse events and infusion-related discomfort. RESULTS: Significantly more lesions were found in MnDPDP-enhanced T1-weighted SE and GRE images than in unenhanced images of the same sequences. More lesions were also found in these images compared with T2-weighted images at a level of marginal significance. More information was obtained from MnDPDP-enhanced images in 40 cases. Mild to moderate adverse events were experienced by 17% of the patients. CONCLUSION: MnDPDP-enhanced images can improve lesion detection in the liver and are helpful for lesion characterisation. To obtain optimal diagnostic information of liver lesions T2-weighted images are also valuable. MnDPDP is a safe contrast agent for MR imaging of liver lesions.
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