| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Yang-Wallentin, Fan, et al.
(författare)
-
Non-linear structural equation modeling
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Structural Equation Modeling in Educational Research. - Rotterdam : SensePublishers. - 9789087907877 - 9789087907884 ; , s. 317-328
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Research in the social sciences often includes hypotheses concerning interactive or nonlinear effects on a given outcome latent variable. When it comes to estimating such effects, however, there is lack of consensus on how to do so properly, particularly when performing structural equation modeling (SEM). A plethora of methods have been proposed and discussed, including those de-scribed in Algina and Moulder (2001), Jaccard and Wan (1995), Joreskog and yang (1996,1997), Yang-Jonsson (1997,1998), Klein and Moosbrugger (2000), Klein and Muthen (2002), Marsh,Wen, and Hau (2004), Ping (1996a, 1996b), Schumacker and Marcoulides (1998), and Wall and Amemiya (2001, 2003). Most approaches to latent variable interactions are based on a product indicator methodology originated by Kenny and Judd (1984) that requires a level of technical and computational sophistication that renders them quite inaccessible to the average practitioner. The focus of this chapter is on the discussion of a technically straightforward approach using latent variable scores to estimating interactive and nonlinear effects within SEM. The next section, we will first describe LVS approach in a theoretical framework and in succeeding section, the approach will demonstrate in a practical manner using an empirical data. To illustrate how latent variable scores can be used to estimate nonlinear relationship between latent variables we will use Reading comprehension model as an example.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
- Abramsson-Zetterberg, Lilianne, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of folate status and folic acid supplementation on the micronucleus frequency in human erythrocytes
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Mutation Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 1383-5742 .- 1388-2139. ; 603:1, s. 33-40
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Folic acid has a well-documented stabilising effect on chromosomes. A correlation between folate status and chromosome stability in humans has been reported in studies that were restricted to certain subpopulations, e.g., folate-deficient persons. The goal of the present investigation was to clarify if there also is a correlation between folate status and chromosome stability among individuals without any folate deficiency. The method used here is the recently developed flow cytometry-based micronucleus assay in human transferrin-positive reticulocytes (MN-Trf-Ret). In a blood sample, separation of the very young reticulocytes from the mature erythrocytes makes this micronucleus assay possible. This investigation comprises three studies (cross-sectional, giving baseline data), two of which are connected to an intervention study. In the three cross-sectional studies (total number of subjects, 99) the frequency of MN-Trf-Ret (fMN-Trf-Ret) was measured and compared with the serum folate status. In two of the studies also serum homocysteine and Vitamin B12 were measured and compared with the baseline fMN-Trf-Ret. Combining the results from the three cross-sectional studies, a negative correlation between folate status and fMN-Trf-Ret was obtained (p < 0.05). The goal of the intervention studies was to clarify if different nutritional supplementations had any effect on the fMN-Trf-Ret and the cell proliferation (percentage polychromatic erythrocytes, PCE). Each of the two studies involved two groups, one placebo and one supplemented group. In one of the studies the supplementation was folic acid, 1000 μg/day during 1 week (n = 30, both sexes); in the other intervention study, folic acid (800 μg/day), B12 (20 μg/day) and B6 (4 mg/day) were taken during 1 week (n = 29, both sexes). No significant difference in %PCE or fMN-Trf-Ret between the two groups was found in either of the two intervention studies.
|
|
| 5. |
- Akrami, Nazar, et al.
(författare)
-
Personality and Social Psychology Factors Explaining Sexism
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Individual Differences. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1614-0001 .- 2151-2299. ; 32:3, s. 153-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has almost exclusively examined sexism (negative attitudes toward women) from either a personality or a social-psychology perspective. In two studies (N = 379 and 182, respectively), we combine these perspectives and examine whether sexism is best explained by personality (Big-Five factors, social dominance orientation, and right-wing authoritarianism) or by social-psychological (group membership and group identification) variables - or by a combination of both approaches. Causal modeling and multiple regression analyses showed that, with the present set of variables, sexism was best explained by considering the combined influence of both personality- and social-psychology constructs. The findings imply that it is necessary to integrate various approaches to explain prejudice.
|
|
| 6. |
- Andersson, Björn, 1984-
(författare)
-
Contributions to Kernel Equating
- 2014
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The statistical practice of equating is needed when scores on different versions of the same standardized test are to be compared. This thesis constitutes four contributions to the observed-score equating framework kernel equating.Paper I introduces the open source R package kequate which enables the equating of observed scores using the kernel method of test equating in all common equating designs. The package is designed for ease of use and integrates well with other packages. The equating methods non-equivalent groups with covariates and item response theory observed-score kernel equating are currently not available in any other software package.In paper II an alternative bandwidth selection method for the kernel method of test equating is proposed. The new method is designed for usage with non-smooth data such as when using the observed data directly, without pre-smoothing. In previously used bandwidth selection methods, the variability from the bandwidth selection was disregarded when calculating the asymptotic standard errors. Here, the bandwidth selection is accounted for and updated asymptotic standard error derivations are provided.Item response theory observed-score kernel equating for the non-equivalent groups with anchor test design is introduced in paper III. Multivariate observed-score kernel equating functions are defined and their asymptotic covariance matrices are derived. An empirical example in the form of a standardized achievement test is used and the item response theory methods are compared to previously used log-linear methods.In paper IV, Wald tests for equating differences in item response theory observed-score kernel equating are conducted using the results from paper III. Simulations are performed to evaluate the empirical significance level and power under different settings, showing that the Wald test is more powerful than the Hommel multiple hypothesis testing method. Data from a psychometric licensure test and a standardized achievement test are used to exemplify the hypothesis testing procedure. The results show that using the Wald test can provide different conclusions to using the Hommel procedure.
|
|
| 7. |
- Andersson, Gustaf, et al.
(författare)
-
Generalized Linear Factor Score Regression : A Comparison of Four Methods
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Educational and Psychological Measurement. - : Sage Publications. - 0013-1644 .- 1552-3888. ; 81:4, s. 617-643
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Factor score regression has recently received growing interest as an alternative for structural equation modeling. However, many applications are left without guidance because of the focus on normally distributed outcomes in the literature. We perform a simulation study to examine how a selection of factor scoring methods compare when estimating regression coefficients in generalized linear factor score regression. The current study evaluates the regression method and the correlation-preserving method as well as two sum score methods in ordinary, logistic, and Poisson factor score regression. Our results show that scoring method performance can differ notably across the considered regression models. In addition, the results indicate that the choice of scoring method can substantially influence research conclusions. The regression method generally performs the best in terms of coefficient and standard error bias, accuracy, and empirical Type I error rates. Moreover, the regression method and the correlation-preserving method mostly outperform the sum score methods.
|
|
| 8. |
- Bali, Ranjula Swain, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving sustainable development goals: predicaments and strategies : Predicaments and Strategies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-2627 .- 1350-4509. ; 27:2, s. 96-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ambitious United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been criticized for being universal, broadly framed, inconsistent and difficult to quantify, implement and monitor. We contribute by quantifying and prioritising the SDGs and their impact on sustainable development. We employ structural equation models (SEM) to investigate, which of the underlying pillars of SDGs (economic, social and environment) are the most effective in achieving sustainable development. Our results reveal that the developed countries benefit most by focusing on social and environmental factors, whereas the developing countries benefit most by retaining their focus on the economic and the social factors.
|
|
| 9. |
- Bali, Ranjula Swain, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 Pandemic Waves: Identification and Interpretation of Global Data
- 2022
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mention of the COVID-19 waves is as prevalent as the pandemic itself. We scientifically identify waves and the breaking points at which they begin and end from the beginning of the pandemic till June 2021. We use the Break Least Square method to determine the significance of COVID-19 waves for global-, regional-, and country-level data. The results show that the method works efficiently in detecting different breaking points. Identifying waves at the country level is more relevant than global or regional levels. Once it begins, and irrespective of the circumstances, the COVID-19 wave takes about 48 days on average to subside. Identifying the correct breaking points is critical to evaluate the impact of various COVID-19 variants and the different pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions.
|
|
| 10. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving Sustainable Development Goals : Predicaments and Strategies
- 2020
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1350-4509 .- 1745-2627. ; 27:2, s. 96-106
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ambitious United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have been criticized for being universal, broadly-framed, inconsistent and difficult to quantify, implement and monitor. We contribute by quantifying and prioritising the SDGs and their impact on sustainable development. We employ structural equation models (SEM) to investigate, which of the underlying pillars of SDGs (economic, social and environment) are the most effective in achieving sustainable development. Our results reveal that the developed countries, benefit most by focusing on social and environmental factors whereas the developing countries, benefit most by retaining their focus on the economic and the social factors.
|
|
| 11. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
COVID-19 pandemic waves : Identification and interpretation of global data
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier. - 2405-8440. ; 10:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mention of the COVID-19 waves is as prevalent as the pandemic itself. Identifying the beginning and end of the wave is critical to evaluating the impact of various COVID-19 variants and the different pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical (including economic, health and social, etc.) interventions. We demonstrate a scientifically robust method to identify COVID-19 waves and the breaking points at which they begin and end from January 2020 to June 2021. Employing the Break Least Square method, we determine the significance of COVID-19 waves for global-, regional-, and country-level data. The results show that the method works efficiently in detecting different breaking points. Identifying these breaking points is critical for evaluating the impact of the economic, health, social and other welfare interventions implemented during the pandemic crisis. Employing our method with high frequency data effectively determines the start and end points of the COVID-19 wave(s). Identifying waves at the country level is more relevant than at the global or regional levels. Our research results evidenced that the COVID-19 wave takes about 48 days on average to subside once it begins, irrespective of the circumstances.
|
|
| 12. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
-
Does Foreign Aid Improve Gender Performance In Recipient Countries?
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of International Development. - : Wiley. - 0954-1748 .- 1099-1328. ; 32:7, s. 1171-1193
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An explicit goal of foreign aid is to promote female empowerment and gender equality in developing countries. We investigate if foreign aid achieves this intended goal by examining its impact on the gender performance of recipient countries at the country level. Employing structural equation models, our results suggest that aid alone, even when targeted to directly improve gender outcomes, is unlikely to shift systemic inequalities. Aid will need to bolster civil society efforts that challenge institutional structures and norms in order to impact gender outcomes at the country level.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Does microfinance empower women? : Evidence from self-help groups in India
- 2009
-
Ingår i: International review of applied economics. - : Taylor&Francis Group. - 0269-2171 .- 1465-3486. ; 23:5, s. 541-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microfinance programmes like the Self Help Bank Linkage Program in India have been increasingly promoted for their positive economic impact and the belief that they empower women. However, only a few studies rigorously examine the link between microfinance and women's empowerment. This article contributes to this discussion by arguing that women's empowerment takes place when women challenge the existing social norms and culture, to effectively improve their well-being. It empirically validates this hypothesis by using quasi-experimental household sample data collected for five states in India for 2000 and 2003. A general model is estimated by employing appropriate techniques to treat the ordinal variables in order to estimate the impact of the Self Help Group (SHG) on women's empowerment for 2000 and 2003. The results strongly demonstrate that on average, there is a significant increase in the empowerment of women in the SHG members group. No such significant change is observed however, for the members of the control group. The elegance of the result lies in the fact that the group of SHG participants show clear evidence of a significant and higher empowerment, while allowing for the possibility that some members might have been more empowered than others.
|
|
| 15. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Does Microfinance Empower Women?: Evidence from Self Help Groups in India
- 2007
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microfinance programs like the Self Help Bank Linkage Program in India have been increasingly promoted for their positive economic impact and the belief that they empower women. However, only a few studies rigorously examine the link between microfinance and women’s empowerment. This paper contributes by arguing that women empowerment takes place when women challenge the existing social norms and culture, to effectively improve their well being. It empirically validates this hypothesis by using quasi-experimental household sample data collected for five states in India for 2000 and 2003. A general structural model is estimated by employing appropriate techniques to treat the ordinal variables in order to estimate the impact of the Self Help Group (SHG) on women empowerment for 2000 and 2003. The results strongly demonstrate that on average, there is a significant increase in the women empowerment of the SHG members group. No such significant change is observed however, for the members of the control group. The elegance of the result lies in the fact that the group of SHG participants show clear evidence of a significant and higher empowerment, while allowing for the possibility that some members might have been more empowered than others.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Economic or Non-Economic Factors – What Empowers Women?
- 2008
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Microfinance programs like Self Help Group Bank linkage program (SHG), aim to empower women through provision of financial services. We investigate this further to determine whether it is the economic or the non-economic factors that have a greater impact on empowering women. Using household survey data on SHG from India, a general structural model is adopted where the latent women empowerment and its latent components (economic factors and financial confidence, managerial control, behavioural changes, education and networking, communication and political participation and awareness) are measured using observed indicators. The results show that for SHG members, economic factors, managerial control and behavioural changes are the most significant factors in empowering women.
|
|
| 18. |
|
|
| 19. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Empowering Women through Microfinance : Evidence from Self Help Groups
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Poverty in Focus. - International Poverty Centre : United Nations Development Program. ; :13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Microfinance programs aim to reduce income poverty while also empowering women. Increasing women’s resources result in increased wellbeing of the family, especially children. The definition and interpretation of women empowerment and its measurement varies across different studies. Robust empirical evidence from India shows significant empowerment impact of a major microfinance program via women’s self-help groups.
|
|
| 20. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
Factors Empowering Women in Indian Self Help Group Program
- 2012
-
Ingår i: International review of applied economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0269-2171 .- 1465-3486. ; 26:4, s. 425-444
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We evaluate the impact of economic and non-economic factors on women’s empowerment of Self-Help Group (SHG) members. We estimate a structural equation model (SEM) and correct for ordinality in the data to account for the impact of the latent factors on women’s empowerment. Our SEM results reveal that for the SHG members, the economic factor is the most effective in empowering women. Greater autonomy and social attitudes also have a significant women empowerment impact.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of microfinance on factors empowering women : Differences in regional and delivery mechanisms in India’s SHG programme
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Development Studies. - : Routledge. - 0022-0388 .- 1743-9140. ; 53:5, s. 684-699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine how the impact on women empowerment varies with respect to the location and type of group linkage of the respondent. Using household survey data from five states in India, we correct for selection bias to estimate a structural equation model. Our results reveal that in the southern states of India empowerment of women takes place through economic factors. For the other states, we find a significant correlation between women empowerment and autonomy in women’s decision-making and network, communication and political participation respectively. We do not however find any differential causal impact of different delivery methods (linkage models).
|
|
| 24. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of microfinance on factors empowering women: Differences in regional and delivery mechanisms in India’s SHG programme
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examine how the impact on women empowerment varies with respect to the location and type of group linkage of the respondent. Using household survey data from five states in India, we correct for selection bias to estimate a structural equation model. Our results reveal that in the southern states of India empowerment of women takes place through economic factors. For the other states, we find a significant correlation between women empowerment and autonomy in women’s decision-making and network, communication and political participation respectively. We do not however find any differential causal impact of different delivery methods (linkage models).
|
|
| 25. |
- Bali Swain, Ranjula, et al.
(författare)
-
The impact of microfinance on factors empowering women: Regional and Delivery Mechanisms in India’s SHG Programme
- 2014
-
Rapport (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examine how the impact on women empowerment varies with respect to the location and type of group linkage of the respondent. Using household survey data from five states in India, we correct for selection bias to estimate a structural equation model. Our results reveal that in the southern states of India empowerment of women takes place through economic factors. For the other states, we find a significant correlation between women empowerment and autonomy in women’s decision-making and network, communication and political participation respectively. We do not however find any differential causal impact of different delivery methods (linkage models).
|
|
| 26. |
- Bartusch, Cajsa, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Opening the black box of demand response : Exploring the cognitive processes
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Renewable & sustainable energy reviews. - : Elsevier. - 1364-0321 .- 1879-0690. ; 189
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evaluations of price-based demand response programs tend to focus on users' electricity use patterns and/or their practical experiences. Less is known about the effects that price-based demand response programs have on cognitive drivers and barriers to energy-using behaviors and habits, or how well these predict timing of households' electricity use. This study seeks to address this gap by evaluating the effects of a mandatory demand-based time-of-use distribution tariff, using electricity-meter and questionnaire data in an intervention and a reference area, and a structural equation model following the theory of planned behavior. Although no effect was found of the tariff on the actual proportion of peak-hour use, there were significant effects on users’ intentions and motivations to shift electricity use to off-peak hours. The absence of effect on the proportion of peak-hour use seems explained by the facts that only a minority of consumers were aware of their tariffs, and by the (at least partially correct) beliefs that consumers used very little electricity and most of it was already used in off-peak hours. The relationships between intentions, drivers and the actual proportion of peak-hour use were stronger in the intervention area, compared to the reference area. Interestingly, this was true not only for the motivation targeted by the tariff, economic savings, but also for sustainability concerns and social norms. This suggests that effects of the tariff may partly run via other non-monetary motivators.
|
|
| 27. |
- Catasús, Bino, et al.
(författare)
-
What gets measured gets … on indicating, mobilizing and acting
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal. - : Emerald. - 1368-0668 .- 1758-4205 .- 0951-3574. ; 20:4, s. 505-521
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the relationship underlying the often used adage “what gets measured gets managed”.Design/methodology/approach– The paper starts by reviewing the critique of the adage and then testing it by surveying 109 managers from 41 organizations. The paper includes the idea of mobilizing in the adage in order to highlight that there are other factors than indicating, which affect acting. In the positive test the paper uses the linear structural relations (LISREL) method to analyze the data.Findings– The paper finds that that the relationship between indicating and acting is not significant and that the introduction of mobilizing gives a better model fit. As a result the reformulation of the adage is: “What gets mobilized gets managed, especially if it gets measured”.Research limitations/implications– The paper shows that measuring is not per se a means to activate the organization. Rather, measurements support those issues that are already important in the organization. In practical terms, a reformulation could be: what gets talked about gets done, especially if there are numbers.Practical implications– The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it finds no significant relationship between indicating and acting; and second, it introduces mobilizing to explain the relationship between indicating and acting.Originality/value– The paper scrutinizes the conventional wisdom encapsulated in the adage and by introducing mobilizing as an additional variable. The findings suggest that the adage needs to be reformulated.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
- Göras, Camilla, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the safety attitudes questionnaire (operating room version)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: BMC Health Services Research. - : BioMed Central. - 1472-6963. ; 13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Tens of millions of patients worldwide suffer from avoidable disabling injuries and death every year. Measuring the safety climate in health care is an important step in improving patient safety. The most commonly used instrument to measure safety climate is the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ). The aim of the present study was to establish the validity and reliability of the translated version of the SAQ.Methods: The SAQ was translated and adapted to the Swedish context. The survey was then carried out with 374 respondents in the operating room (OR) setting. Data was received from three hospitals, a total of 237 responses. Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the instrument.Results: The Cronbach's alpha values for each of the factors of the SAQ ranged between 0.59 and 0.83. The CFA and its goodness-of-fit indices (SRMR 0.055, RMSEA 0.043, CFI 0.98) showed good model fit. Intercorrelations between the factors safety climate, teamwork climate, job satisfaction, perceptions of management, and working conditions showed moderate to high correlation with each other. The factor stress recognition had no significant correlation with teamwork climate, perception of management, or job satisfaction.Conclusions: Therefore, the Swedish translation and psychometric testing of the SAQ (OR version) has good construct validity. However, the reliability analysis suggested that some of the items need further refinement to establish sound internal consistency. As suggested by previous research, the SAQ is potentially a useful tool for evaluating safety climate. However, further psychometric testing is required with larger samples to establish the psychometric properties of the instrument for use in Sweden.
|
|
| 31. |
- Hedrén, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Managing Mandated Adoption : Pre-deployment Attitudes And Beliefs In The Context Of Critical Care
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS), Stockholm & Uppsala, Sweden, June 8-14, 2019. - : Association for Information Systems (AIS). - 9781733632508
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research develops and tests a theoretical model on the impact of antecedents on technology adoption developing valuable insight into influencing levels of attitudes and expectations prior to deployment of a mandated to use system. Two stages during the pre-deployment phase of a mission-critical, mandated system are studied. Results are reported from a two cross-sections field study of 263 and 185 users (physicians, nurses and nurse affiliates) at Critical Care departments of two hospitals implementing a Patient Data Management System. The results indicate that prior to deployment, Trust is the most important predictor of attitudes and expectations. The proposed model explains a relatively large amount of the variance, (64% and 69%) in attitude and (57% and 47%) in expectations before and after training in system use, respectively.
|
|
| 32. |
- Jaensson, Maria, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
-
Psychometric Validation of the Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised in the Swedish Context
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing. - : Elsevier. - 1089-9472 .- 1532-8473. ; 33:4, s. 499-511
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To psychometrically test the Perceived Perioperative Competence Scale-Revised (PPCS-R) in the Swedish context.Design: Cross-sectional survey.Methods: The 40-item PPCS-R was translated into Swedish using a forward-translation approach. A census of 2,902 registered nurse anesthetists (RNAs) and operating room (OR) nurses was drawn from a database of a national association in Sweden.Finding: The response rate was 39% (n = 1,033; 528 RNAs and 505 OR nurses). Cronbach alpha for each factor was 0.78 to 0.89 among OR nurses and 0.79 to 0.88 among RNAs. Confirmatory factor analysis showed good model fit in the six-factor model.Conclusions: Psychometric testing of the Swedish translation of the PPCS-R suggests a good construct validity, and the construct and its six factors are conceptually relevant among the Swedish OR nurses and RNAs.
|
|
| 33. |
- Jin, Shaobo, et al.
(författare)
-
A Marginal Maximum Likelihood Approach for Extended Quadratic Structural Equation Modeling with Ordinal Data
- 2020
-
Ingår i: STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL. - USA : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1070-5511 .- 1532-8007. ; 27:6, s. 864-873
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The literature on non-linear structural equation modeling is plentiful. Despite this fact, few studies consider interactions between exogenous and endogenous latent variables. Further, it is well known that treating ordinal data as continuous produces bias, a problem that is enhanced when non-linear relationships between latent variables are incorporated. A marginal maximum likelihood-based approach is proposed in order to fit a non-linear structural equation model, including interactions between exogenous and endogenous latent variables in the presence of ordinal data. In this approach, the exact gradient of the approximated observed log-likelihood is calculated in order to attain the approximated maximum likelihood estimator. A simulation study shows that the proposed method provides estimates with low bias and accurate coverage probabilities
|
|
| 34. |
- Jin, Shaobo, et al.
(författare)
-
A Simulation Study of Polychoric Instrumental Variable Estimation in Structural Equation Models
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Structural Equation Modeling. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1070-5511 .- 1532-8007. ; 23:5, s. 680-694
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data collected from questionnaires are often in ordinal scale. Unweighted least squares (ULS), diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) and normal-theory maximum likelihood (ML) are commonly used methods to fit structural equation models. Consistency of these estimators demands no structural misspecification. In this article, we conduct a simulation study to compare the equation-by-equation polychoric instrumental variable (PIV) estimation with ULS, DWLS, and ML. Accuracy of PIV for the correctly specified model and robustness of PIV for misspecified models are investigated through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and a structural equation model with ordinal indicators. The effects of sample size and nonnormality of the underlying continuous variables are also examined. The simulation results show that PIV produces robust factor loading estimates in the CFA model and in structural equation models. PIV also produces robust path coefficient estimates in the model where valid instruments are used. However, robustness highly depends on the validity of instruments.
|
|
| 35. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
A unified model-implied instrumental variable approach for structural equation modeling with mixed variables
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Psychometrika. - : Springer Nature. - 0033-3123 .- 1860-0980. ; 86:2, s. 564-594
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The model-implied instrumental variable (MIIV) estimator is an equation-by-equation estimator of structural equation models that is more robust to structural misspecifications than full information estimators. Previous studies have concentrated on endogenous variables that are all continuous (MIIV-2SLS) or all ordinal . We develop a unified MIIV approach that applies to a mixture of binary, ordinal, censored, or continuous endogenous observed variables. We include estimates of factor loadings, regression coefficients, variances, and covariances along with their asymptotic standard errors. In addition, we create new goodness of fit tests of the model and overidentification tests of single equations. Our simulation study shows that the proposed MIIV approach is more robust to structural misspecifications than diagonally weighted least squares (DWLS) and that both the goodness of fit model tests and the overidentification equations tests can detect structural misspecifications. We also find that the bias in asymptotic standard errors for the MIIV estimators of factor loadings and regression coefficients are often lower than the DWLS ones, though the differences are small in large samples. Our analysis shows that scaling indicators with low reliability can adversely affect the MIIV estimators. Also, using a small subset of MIIVs reduces small sample bias of coefficient estimates, but can lower the power of overidentification tests of equations.
|
|
| 36. |
|
|
| 37. |
|
|
| 38. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Approximated penalized maximum likelihood for exploratory factor analysis : An orthogonal case
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Psychometrika. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-3123 .- 1860-0980. ; 83:3, s. 628-649
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of penalized maximum likelihood (PML) for an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) model is studied in this paper. An EFA model is typically estimated using maximum likelihood and then the estimated loading matrix is rotated to obtain a sparse representation. Penalized maximum likelihood simultaneously fits the EFA model and produces a sparse loading matrix. To overcome some of the computational drawbacks of PML, an approximation to PML is proposed in this paper. It is further applied to an empirical dataset for illustration. A simulation study shows that the approximation naturally produces a sparse loading matrix and more accurately estimates the factor loadings and the covariance matrix, in the sense of having a lower mean squared error than factor rotations, under various conditions.
|
|
| 39. |
- Jin, Shaobo, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymptotic Efficiency of the Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood Estimator in Multi-Group Factor Models with Pooled Data
- 2016
-
Ingår i: British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology. - : Wiley. - 0007-1102 .- 2044-8317. ; 69:1, s. 20-42
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A multi-group factor model is suitable for data originating from different strata. However, it often requires a relatively large sample size to avoid numerical issues such as non-convergence and non-positive definite covariance matrices. An alternative is to pool data from different groups in which a single-group factor model is fitted to the pooled data using maximum likelihood. In this paper, properties of pseudo-maximum likelihood (PML) estimators for pooled data are studied. The pooled data are assumed to be normally distributed from a single group. The resulting asymptotic efficiency of the PML estimators of factor loadings is compared with that of the multi-group maximum likelihood estimators. The effect of pooling is investigated through a two-group factor model. The variances of factor loadings for the pooled data are underestimated under the normal theory when error variances in the smaller group are larger. Underestimation is due to dependence between the pooled factors and pooled error terms. Small-sample properties of the PML estimators are also investigated using a Monte Carlo study.
|
|
| 40. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Asymptotic Robustness Study Of The Polychoric Correlation Estimation
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Psychometrika. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0033-3123 .- 1860-0980. ; 82:1, s. 67-85
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asymptotic robustness against misspecification of the underlying distribution for the polychoric correlation estimation is studied. The asymptotic normality of the pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator is derived using the two-step estimation procedure. The t distribution assumption and the skew-normal distribution assumption are used as alternatives to the normal distribution assumption in a numerical study. The numerical results show that the underlying normal distribution can be substantially biased, even though skewness and kurtosis are not large. The skew-normal assumption generally produces a lower bias than the normal assumption. Thus, it is worth using a non-normal distributional assumption if the normal assumption is dubious.
|
|
| 41. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-
(författare)
-
Essays on Estimation Methods for Factor Models and Structural Equation Models
- 2015
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis which consists of four papers is concerned with estimation methods in factor analysis and structural equation models. New estimation methods are proposed and investigated.In paper I an approximation of the penalized maximum likelihood (ML) is introduced to fit an exploratory factor analysis model. Approximated penalized ML continuously and efficiently shrinks the factor loadings towards zero. It naturally factorizes a covariance matrix or a correlation matrix. It is also applicable to an orthogonal or an oblique structure.Paper II, a simulation study, investigates the properties of approximated penalized ML with an orthogonal factor model. Different combinations of penalty terms and tuning parameter selection methods are examined. Differences in factorizing a covariance matrix and factorizing a correlation matrix are also explored. It is shown that the approximated penalized ML frequently improves the traditional estimation-rotation procedure.In Paper III we focus on pseudo ML for multi-group data. Data from different groups are pooled and normal theory is used to fit the model. It is shown that pseudo ML produces consistent estimators of factor loadings and that it is numerically easier than multi-group ML. In addition, normal theory is not applicable to estimate standard errors. A sandwich-type estimator of standard errors is derived.Paper IV examines properties of the recently proposed polychoric instrumental variable (PIV) estimators for ordinal data through a simulation study. PIV is compared with conventional estimation methods (unweighted least squares and diagonally weighted least squares). PIV produces accurate estimates of factor loadings and factor covariances in the correctly specified confirmatory factor analysis model and accurate estimates of loadings and coefficient matrices in the correctly specified structure equation model. If the model is misspecified, robustness of PIV depends on model complexity, underlying distribution, and instrumental variables.
|
|
| 42. |
- Jin, Shaobo, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Robust nonlinear structural equation modeling with interaction between exogenous and endogenous latent variables
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Structural Equation Modeling. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1070-5511 .- 1532-8007. ; 28:4, s. 547-556
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A handful of studies have been devoted to nonlinear structural equation modeling (SEM) in the literature. However, they generally overlooked the interactions among exogenous and endogenous latent variables and the interactions among endogenous latent variables. In this study, we propose a maximum likelihood approach for a nonlinear SEM model that incorporates such overlooked interactions. We also propose a two-stage pseudo maximum likelihood approach under the assumption of a normal mixture, being computationally efficient and robust against distributional misspecification. The simulation study shows that both approaches accurately estimate the unknown parameters if the distribution is correctly specified. However, only the pseudo maximum likelihood approach is robust against distributional misspecification.
|
|
| 43. |
- Katsikatsou, Myrsini, 1981-
(författare)
-
Composite Likelihood Estimation for Latent Variable Models with Ordinal and Continuous, or Ranking Variables
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The estimation of latent variable models with ordinal and continuous, or ranking variables is the research focus of this thesis. The existing estimation methods are discussed and a composite likelihood approach is developed. The main advantages of the new method are its low computational complexity which remains unchanged regardless of the model size, and that it yields an asymptotically unbiased, consistent, and normally distributed estimator.The thesis consists of four papers. The first one investigates the two main formulations of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data along with the corresponding identification constraints. It is found that the extra identifications constraints required in one of them lead to unreliable estimates unless the constraints coincide with the true values of the fixed parameters.In the second paper, a pairwise likelihood (PL) estimation is developed for factor analysis models with ordinal variables. The performance of PL is studied in terms of bias and mean squared error (MSE) and compared with that of the conventional estimation methods via a simulation study and through some real data examples. It is found that the PL estimates and standard errors have very small bias and MSE both decreasing with the sample size, and that the method is competitive to the conventional ones.The results of the first two papers lead to the next one where PL estimation is adjusted to the unrestricted Thurstonian ranking model. As before, the performance of the proposed approach is studied through a simulation study with respect to relative bias and relative MSE and in comparison with the conventional estimation methods. The conclusions are similar to those of the second paper.The last paper extends the PL estimation to the whole structural equation modeling framework where data may include both ordinal and continuous variables as well as covariates. The approach is demonstrated through an example run in R software. The code used has been incorporated in the R package lavaan (version 0.5-11).
|
|
| 44. |
- Katsikatsou, Myrsini, et al.
(författare)
-
On the identification of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The identification issues of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data is the focus of the current paper. Within the Thurstonian framework, each object among those to be ranked is associated with a latent continuous variable, often interpreted as the utility of the object. The unrestricted Thurstonian model, due to the discrete and comparative nature of ranking data, faces more serious identification problems than the indeterminacy of the latent scale origin and unit. Most researchers resort to the study of the unrestricted model referring to the differences of the object utilities but then the inference on object utilities becomes tricky. Maydeu-Olivares and Böckenholt (2005) suggest a strategy to overcome the identification problem of the unrestricted model referring to object utilities but this requires many extra identification constraints, additional to the ones needed for defining the scale origin and unit. In the current paper, we study the general applicability of the suggested identification approach. Our simulation study indicates that the estimates obtained can be seriously biased with relatively large mean squared errors (MSE) when the extra constraints deviate from the true values of the parameters. Besides, the bias and MSE do not seem to decrease with increase in the sample size, and the effect of the constraints is not uniform on all estimated parameters.
|
|
| 45. |
- Katsikatsou, Myrsini, et al.
(författare)
-
On the identification of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The identification issues of the unrestricted Thurstonian model for ranking data is the focus of the current paper. The Thurstonian framework has been proved very influential in modeling ranking data. Within this framework, the objects to be ranked are associated with a latent continuous variable, often interpreted as utility. The unrestricted Thurstonian model has a central role in the related theory development but due to the discrete and comparative nature of ranking data it faces more serious identification problems than the indeterminacy of the latent scale origin and unit. Most researchers resort to the study of the unrestricted model referring to the differences of object utilities but then the inference on object utilities becomes tricky. Maydeu-Olivares & Böckenholt (2005) suggest a strategy to overcome the identification problem of the unrestricted model referring to object utilities but this requires many extra identification constraints, additional to the ones needed for defining the scale origin and unit. In the current paper, we study the suggested identification approach to investigate its general applicability. Our findings indicate that the estimates obtained based on this approach can be seriously biased when the extra constraints deviate from the true values of the parameters. Besides, the effect of the constraints is not uniform on all estimated parameters.
|
|
| 46. |
- Katsikatsou, Myrsini, et al.
(författare)
-
Pairwise Likelihood Estimation for factor analysis models with ordinal data
- 2011
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pairwise maximum likelihood (PML) estimation is developed for factor analysis models with ordinal data fitted both in an exploratory and confirmatory set-up, and its performance is studied and compared with full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and a three-stage limited information estimation method. More specifically, estimates and standard errors ob- tained from PML are compared with those obtained from FIML and those from robust un- weighted least squares (3S-RULS). All three methods provide very close estimates and stan- dard errors. However, the PML estimates and standard errors are on average slightly closer to FIML than the 3S-RULS are. The advantage of PML over FIML is mainly computational. The computational complexity of FIML increases with the number of factors or observed variables depending on the model formulation, while that of PML is affected by neither of them. Contrary to 3S-RULS, in PML, all model parameters are simultaneously estimated and therefore the final estimates reflect all the sampling variability. In the 3S-RULS method the standard errors of the parameter estimates in stage three do not incorporate the variability of the estimates obtained in step one. Furthermore, PML does not require the estimation of a weight matrix for computing correct standard errors. The performance of PML estimates and their estimated asymptotic standard errors are investigated through a simulation study where the effect of different models and sample sizes are studied. The bias and mean squared error of PML estimators and their standard errors are found to be small in all experimental conditions and decreasing with the sample size.
|
|
| 47. |
- Katsikatsou, Myrsini, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
-
Pairwise likelihood estimation for factor analysis models with ordinal data
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Computational Statistics & Data Analysis. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9473 .- 1872-7352. ; 56:12, s. 4243-4258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A pairwise maximum likelihood (PML) estimation method is developed for factor analysis models with ordinal data and fitted both in an exploratory and confirmatory set-up. The performance of the method is studied via simulations and comparisons with full information maximum likelihood (FIML) and three-stage limited information estimation methods, namely the robust unweighted least squares (3S-RULS) and robust diagonally weighted least squares (3S-RDWLS). The advantage of PML over FIML is mainly computational. Unlike PML estimation, the computational complexity of FIML estimation increases either with the number of factors or with the number of observed variables depending on the model formulation. Contrary to 3S-RULS and 3S-RDWLS estimation, PML estimates of all model parameters are obtained simultaneously and the PML method does not require the estimation of a weight matrix for the computation of correct standard errors. The simulation study on the performance of PML estimates and estimated asymptotic standard errors investigates the effect of different model and sample sizes. The bias and mean squared error of PML estimates and their standard errors are found to be small in all experimental conditions and decreasing with increasing sample size. Moreover, the PML estimates and their standard errors are found to be very close to those of FIML.
|
|
| 48. |
- Kreiberg, David, 1971-
(författare)
-
A covariance structure analysis approach to the errors-in-variables estimation problem
- 2022
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is a well-known fact that standard regression techniques, when applied to errors-in-variables (EIV) models, lead to biased and inconsistent parameter estimation. The work presented in this thesis address the EIV estimation problem using covariance structure analysis (CSA). When performing CSA, the standard implementation of the minimum distance (MD) estimator is to apply computationally demanding nonlinear least squares (NLLS). This thesis provides a solution to this problem by proposing a computationally less demanding separable nonlinear least squares (SNLLS) implementation of the estimator.The thesis consists of four papers. The first paper presents a covariance matching (CM) approach for identifying the single-input single-output (SISO) EIV model. The outlined approach extends previous known results by deriving an asymptotic covariance matrix of the jointly estimated system parameters, noise variances and auxiliary parameters. The second paper introduces two formulations of the SISO EIV model using structural equation modeling (SEM). The two formulations allow for quick implementation using standard SEM-based software. The third paper propose a numerically more efficient implementation of the MD estimator for estimating confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) models. The implementation uses an SNLLS approach, which allows part of the parameter vector to be estimated using numerically efficient linear techniques. The fourth and final paper presents a CFA-EIV modeling approach that allows for colored output noise. The presentation extends previous work by including a detailed treatment of the theoretical aspects of the MD estimator. All four papers use simulation examples to illustrate the outlined procedures.
|
|
| 49. |
|
|
| 50. |
- Kreiberg, David, et al.
(författare)
-
Errors-in-variables system identification using structural equation modeling
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Automatica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0005-1098 .- 1873-2836. ; 66, s. 218-230
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Errors-in-variables (EIV) identification refers to the problem of consistently estimating linear dynamic systems whose output and input variables are affected by additive noise. Various solutions have been presented for identifying such systems. In this study, EIV identification using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is considered. Two schemes for how EIV Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) systems can be formulated as SEMs are presented. The proposed formulations allow for quick implementation using standard SEM software. By simulation examples, it is shown that compared to existing procedures, here represented by the covariance matching (CM) approach, SEM-based estimation provide parameter estimates of similar quality.
|
|
