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1.	Petrovic, Bojana, et al. (författare) Life cycle assessment of a wooden single-family house in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Applied Energy. - : Elsevier. - 0306-2619 .- 1872-9118. ; 251, s. 1456-1465 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract To understand the reasons behind the large environmental impact from buildings the whole life cycle needs to be considered. Therefore, this study evaluates the carbon dioxide emissions in all stages of a single-family house in Sweden from the production of building materials, followed by construction and user stages until the end-of-life of the building in a life cycle assessment (LCA). The methodology applied is attributional life cycle assessment (LCA) based on `One Click LCA' tool and a calculated life span of 100 years. Global warming potential (GWP) and primary energy (PE) are calculated by using specific data from the case study, furthermore the data regarding building materials are based on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). The results show that the selection of wood-based materials has a significantly lower impact on the carbon dioxide emissions in comparison with non-wood based materials. The total emissions for this single-family house in Sweden are 6 kg CO2e/m2/year. The production stage of building materials, including building systems and installations represent 30% of the total carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, while the maintenance and replacement part represents 37%. However, energy use during the in-use stage of the house recorded lower environmental impact (21%) due to the Swedish electricity mix that is mostly based on energy sources with low carbon dioxide emissions. The water consumption, construction and the end-of-life stages have shown minor contribution to the buildings total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (12%). The primary energy indicator shows the largest share in the operational phase of the house.
2.	Petrovic, Bojana, et al. (författare) Life cycle assessment of building materials for a single-family house in Sweden 2019 Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier. - 1876-6102. ; 158, s. 3547-3552 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The Nordic countries have shown great interest in using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in the building sector compared to the past years. Sweden has set up an objective to be carbon neutral (no greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere) by 2045. This paper presents a case study of a single-family house "Dalarnas Villa" in the region Dalarna, Sweden within a 100-year perspective. The assessment is implemented using a new software based on hard data agreed by Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs). It focuses on building materials, transport distances of the materials, and replacement of essential construction materials. The LCA in this study demonstrates the environmental impact related to building materials from production and construction phase including transport, replacement and deconstruction phase. The study does not cover energy use and water consumption. The results show that the building slab made by concrete is the part of the construction most contributing to CO2e, while the wood frame and cellulose insulation have low environmental impact. Replacement of materials takes nearly half of total environmental impact over 100 years. Having a large share of wood-based products, make greenhouse gas emissions remains low. © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ICAE2018 - The 10th International Conference on Applied Energy.
3.	Andersson, Hanna, 1991-, et al. (författare) Anchoring effect in judgments of objective fact and subjective preference 2021 Ingår i: Food Quality and Preference. - : Elsevier. - 0950-3293 .- 1873-6343. ; 88 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The way by which various sources of external information interact in their effects on judgment is rarely investigated. Here, we report two experiments that examine how two sources of external information—an anchor (a reference price) and an eco-label—influence judgments of an objective fact (product price) and a subjective preference (willingness-to-pay for the product). Participants’ price judgments were drawn in the direction of the anchor point, whereas the eco-label resulted in higher judgments of objective fact (Experiment 1) but did not influence subjective preference (Experiment 2). Interestingly, the eco-label seemed to strengthen the effect of the high anchor in judgments of objective fact. Further, participants with higher environmental concern answered a higher price on the subjective preference questions when they received a high anchor, as well as a lower price when they received a low anchor in comparison to the low environmental concern group. This study demonstrates that various external information sources can strengthen each other’s effects on consumer belief about products, while the effects are weaker for consumers’ preferences. The implications of the results for decision making are discussed.
4.	Andersson, Hanna, 1991- (författare) Tradeoffs between self and environment in environmental judgment and decision making 2021 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract One of the greatest challenges of today is to change our behavior to act more pro-environmentally to reduce global warming. We need to make sacrifices for the environment, e.g., use a means of transportation that take a longer time but causes less CO2 emission. The present thesis aims to study different factors (intrinsic, extrinsic motivational, and extrinsic motivational-neutral information) that influence us when making tradeoffs between self and environment. Paper I examined how an anchor (a reference price) and an ecolabel influence price judgments. It was found that both a judgment of an objective fact (product price) and a subjective preference (willingness to pay for the product) were affected by an anchor. An eco-label resulted in higher judgments of objective facts. People with higher environmental concern were more affected by an anchor when stating their willingness to pay than their low concern counterparts. In Paper II and Paper III, an interaction between a high anchor and a normative message that put the emissions into context was found when making a tradeoff between CO2 emissions and travel time for a flight (Paper II) or a car journey (Paper III). People with higher concern for the environment gave a longer travel time when they received a high anchor (Paper II and Paper III) or no anchor (Paper III). Paper IV investigated how a survey measuring environmental concern can be divided to different indices and how they predict answers in a tradeoff task. The result suggests that a two-factor structure divided into ecocentric and anthropocentric concern is a possible alternative and that people scoring higher on any of the environmental concern indices were willing to travel for a longer time. Taken together, the results show that normative messages, anchors, and concern for the environment are factors that can influence and interact when people make tradeoffs between self and environment in environmental judgment and decision making.
5.	Andersson, Hanna, 1991-, et al. (författare) What Influences People’s Tradeoff Decisions Between CO2 Emissions and Travel Time? An Experiment With Anchors and Normative Messages 2021 Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract One of the today’s greatest challenges is to adjust our behavior so that we can avoid a major climate disaster. To do so, we must make sacrifices for the sake of the environment. The study reported here investigates how anchors (extrinsic motivational-free information) and normative messages (extrinsic motivational information) influence people’s tradeoffs between travel time and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the context of car travel and whether any interactions with environmental concern (an intrinsic motivational factor) can be observed. In this study, people received either a CO2, health or no normative message together with either a high anchor, a low anchor, or no anchor. People that received both a high anchor and a CO2 emission normative message were willing to travel for a longer time than those that only received a high anchor. If a low anchor was presented, no differences in willingness to travel for a longer time were found between the three different conditions of normative message groups, i.e., CO2 normative message, health normative message, or no normative message. People with higher concern for the environment were found to be willing to travel for a longer time than those with lower concern for the environment. Further, this effect was strongest when a high anchor was presented. These results suggest that anchors and normative messages are among the many factors that can influence people’s tradeoffs between CO2 emission and travel time, and that various factors may have to be combined to increase their influence over pro-environmental behavior and decisions.
6.	Cehlin, Mathias, Doktor, 1974-, et al. (författare) Towards benchmarking of urban air quality based on homogenous surface emission 2023 Ingår i: Results in Engineering (RINENG). - : Elsevier. - 2590-1230. ; 20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Here, it is presented a possible methodology and experimental model for benchmarking of air quality in cities. The concept behind the methodology is that a city’s inherent structure affects the potential for contaminant removal due to the resistance it poses to inflow. The approach is based on homogenous emission across the street surface network, representing a worst-case situation. Different levels of complexity can be used for benchmarking, making it valuable for evaluating different layouts. Additionally, an urban ventilation index suitable for these kinds of experimental studies has been suggested.
7.	Colding, Johan, 1958-, et al. (författare) Applying a Systems Perspective on the Notion of the Smart City 2020 Ingår i: Smart Cities. - : MDPI AG. - 2624-6511. ; 3:2 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This paper focuses on the need for a widened definition of the notion of technology within the smart city discourse, with a particular focus on the “built environment”. The first part of the paper describes how current tendencies in urban design and architecture are inclined to prioritize high tech-solutions at the expense of low-tech functionalities and omits that information and communication technology (ICT) contrasts the art of building cities as an adaptable and habitually smart technology in itself. It continues with an elaboration on the need for expanding the limits of system boundaries for a better understanding of the energy and material telecouplings that are linked to ICT solutions and account for some perils inherent in smart technologies, such as rebound effects and the difficulty of measuring the environmental impacts of ICT solutions on a city level. The second part of the paper highlights how low-tech technologies and nature-based solutions can make cities smarter, representing a new technology portfolio in national and international policies for safeguarding biodiversity and the delivery of a range of ecosystem services, promoting the necessary climate-change adaption that cities need to prioritize to confer resilience.
8.	Colding, Johan, et al. (författare) Enabling Relationships with Nature in Cities 2020 Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:11 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Limited exposure to direct nature experiences is a worrying sign of urbanization, particularly for children. Experiencing nature during childhood shapes aspects of a personal relationship with nature, crucial for sustainable decision-making processes in adulthood. Scholars often stress the need to 'reconnect' urban dwellers with nature; however, few elaborate on how this can be achieved. Here, we argue that nature reconnection requires urban ecosystems, with a capacity to enable environmental learning in the cognitive, affective and psychomotor domains, i.e., learning that occurs in the head, heart and hands of individuals. Drawing on environmental psychology, urban ecology, institutional analysis and urban planning, we present a theoretical framework for Human-Nature Connection (HNC), discuss the importance of nurturing HNC for children, elaborate on the role of property-rights and the importance of creating collective action arenas in cities for the promotion of urban resilience building. As values and environmental preconceptions underly environmental behavior, there are limits to achieving HNC in cities, as presumptive sentiments toward nature not always are positive. We end by discussing the role of new digital technologies in relation to HNC, and conclude by summarizing the major points brought forward herein, offering policy recommendations for HNC as a resilience strategy that can be adopted in cities throughout the world.
9.	Dahlkvist, Eva, et al. (författare) First-Line Managers’ Leadership Behavior Profiles and Use of Gardens in Residential Care Facilities: An Interview Study 2023 Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Environment. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2689-2618 .- 2689-2626. ; 37:1, s. 65-84 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract This study explored first-line managers’ leadership behavior profiles regarding their goals for utilizing the garden at residential care facilities for older people. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of first-line managers (n = 12) in Sweden. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis theoretically guided by the Three-dimensional Leadership Model. The results showed that the main leadership behavior profiles were related to the dimensions structure, relation and change. The managers emphasized workplace regulations and goals. They allowed staff to make decisions and encouraged them to see problems and opportunities.
10.	Glaumann, Mauritz, 1942-, et al. (författare) Selecting environmental assessment tool for buildings 2011 Ingår i: Proceedings of 6th World Sustainable Building Conference, SB11 Helsinki, October 18-22, 2011. - Helsinki. - 9789517585316 ; , s. Abstract 162-163 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
11.	Glaumann, Mauritz, 1942-, et al. (författare) Survey of sustainable approaches in Sweden 2008 Ingår i: Sustainability of Constructions. - Possendorf : Addprint AG. - 9783867800945 ; , s. 2:78-2:95 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
12.	Honghao, Ren, et al. (författare) A state-of-the-art review on connection systems, rolling shear performance, and sustainability assessment of cross-laminated timber 2024 Ingår i: Engineering structures. - : Elsevier. - 0141-0296 .- 1873-7323. ; 317 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is one of the most sustainable, robust, and green building materials nowadays and is normally used for walls, floors, or roofs. The number of studies on CLT has increased significantly since 2010, which shows the acceptance and needs of CLT. Connection systems, rolling shear performance, and sustainability are the popular and main research topics within CLT, including wooden connections, metallic connections, adhesive and rod connections, aspect ratio, bonding performance, life cycle assessment, carbon emission, and environmental impact. Based on these three branches, the current study conducts a literature review on CLT. This review article aims to provide a valuable view and better understanding of CLT, which are linked to (1) promoting the usage of CLT and (2) summarizing the weaknesses of the CLT’s research. This article presents a full background of the CLT research and gives potential research directions for CLT as a structural material. It revealed that the design and analytical methodologies for novel timber and steel connections are the main trends. As for the CLT’s rolling shear performance, standardized testing protocol, environmental impact, and bonding quality need further development. Furthermore, the data collection, selection, and influence of different policies are important for the CLT’s sustainability assessment.
13.	Honghao, Ren, et al. (författare) Literature Review on Development and Implementation of Cross-Laminated Timber 2023 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Building Energy and Environment. - Singapore : Springer. - 9789811998218 - 9789811998225 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Achieving the targets of the Paris Agreement as an international treaty on climate change requires global climate actions by all sectors, including ensuring that buildings are more energy efficient. Today’s modern buildings employ a worldwide well-known and versatile usable building material which is a new type of green low-carbon engineered wood product, cross-laminated timber (CLT), for their structural frames. CLT as an innovative plate-shaped product provides a laminated structure and great physicomechanical characteristics. This article studies the development status and implementation of CLT in Europe, emphasizing its material properties and load-bearing characteristics. The newest findings related to CLT are reported. Also, the environmental benefits of using CLT in the construction industry are discussed. Moreover, the energy performance and performance of the utilized CLT elements are highlighted. According to our findings, the embodied energy and embodied carbon are significantly lower in CLT constructions compared with reinforced concrete and steel structures. Finally, the prospects of CLT are presented.
14.	Honghao, Ren, et al. (författare) Proposing new adhesive-free timber edge connections for cross-laminated timber panels: A step toward sustainable construction 2024 Ingår i: Case Studies in Construction Materials. - : Elsevier. - 2214-5095. ; 20 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The use of timber as a building material is becoming increasingly popular thanks to its superior environmental performance compared with concrete and steel. However, timber structures rely on solid connections to improve their weak expansibility. Steel connections can be prone to corrosion over time, leading to the decreased structural integrity. Additionally, steel connections require more material and energy to manufacture and install compared with timber connections. This article focuses on the flexural performance of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels with adhesive-free edge connections under four-point bending tests. First, numerical models of experimentally tested CLT panels were constructed using the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS. Then, these FE models were validated with the comparisons of their results with those of the experimental tests. Afterward, four new adhesive-free edge connections using timber for the CLT panels were developed in this study, helping sustainable construction. Utilizing the designed edge connections of the current study, forty-one parametric studies were numerically conducted on the connected CLT panels to investigate their ultimate loads, strains, displacements, moment capacities, failure modes, and effective stiffness. The factors affecting the edge connections’ load-bearing capacity were also examined and discussed. The study provides helpful insights into the development of CLT as a sustainable construction material with improved adhesive-free edge connections.
15.	Johansson, Lisen, et al. (författare) A comprehensive review on properties of tailings-based low-carbon concrete: Mechanical, environmental, and toxicological performances 2024 Ingår i: Developments in the Built Environment. - : Elsevier. - 2666-1659. ; 18 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract With concrete’s key role in construction and infrastructure, the reduction of its carbon footprint is critical for addressing global carbon emissions. One strategy to reduce environmental impact from concrete production is to replace cement clinker or fine aggregates in concrete with industrial wastes. Mine tailings, being a high-volume under-utilized resource, possess properties making it suitable for use as a partial substitute for cement or fine aggregates. This review article provides an overview of the recent findings within the topic of tailings-based concrete (TBC). Many of the identified publications aimed to describe the mechanical performance of TBC, and to optimize the concrete mix with respect to the strength and durability. The recommended cement replacement ranged from 5 to 25% and the recommended fine aggregate replacement ranged from 20 to 60%. In general, the compressive strength was decreased with increasing use of tailings as a replacement of cement. For the use of tailings as replacement for fine aggregates, the correlation was more complex, normally the mechanical performance enhanced at low replacement levels, until it reached an optimum after which it decreased. CO2 savings for replacing fine aggregate with tailings were up to 12% and for the cement replacement up to 30%. When assessing the environmental performance, most of the publications did not account for the loss of its mechanical performance, which could lead to the risk of underestimating the environmental impact. This review not only provides a basis for understanding the mechanical, toxicological, and environmental performances of TBCs, but also links the perspectives together, unveiling the connections between them. Moreover, this review presents an organized overview of the topic of TBC and points out topics for future research.
16.	Johansson, Lisen, et al. (författare) Study on Properties and Performance of Green Concrete 2023 Ingår i: SynerCrete'23: International RILEM Conference on Synergising Expertise towards Sustainability and Robustness of Cement-based Materials and Concrete Structures. - : Springer. - 9783031332104 ; , s. 23-35 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Conventional concrete (CC) is for decades the most used construction material worldwide thanks to its good properties such as high strength, high thermal mass, low noise transmission, and high fire resistance. Cement is an important component of CC. The cement industry is a significant source of emissions and accounts for roughly 8% of the world’s CO2 emissions today, which means all improvements that can be made within this single industry benefit the emissions reduction goals. Green concrete (GC) is the development in the field of construction technology, which offers a more sustainable and eco-friendly solution as a building material. GC deals with the mentioned negative issue of cement, since it offers new cementitious matrices where some part of the Portland cement of CC is being replaced by some supplementary cementitious materials, such as industrial by-products, agricultural wastes, or municipal wastes. This paper studies the properties, structural performance, and environmental benefits of GCs. The investigation is done through a literature review, identifying the knowledge gaps, and providing suggestions for further research. The results indicate that there is a good potential to significantly reduce the climate impact of CC by using alternative binder materials in GC.
17.	Leopoulou, Marianna, et al. (författare) Naxos disease – a narrative review 2020 Ingår i: Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1477-9072 .- 1744-8344. ; 18:11, s. 801-808 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract IntroductionNaxos disease is a rare entity that manifests with woolly hair, keratosis of extremities, and cardiac manifestations that resemble arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and mutations affecting plakoglobin and desmoplakin have been identified. There is an increased risk of arrhythmias, including sudden cardiac death at a young age. Right ventricular systolic dysfunction often progresses and left ventricular involvement may also occur.Areas coveredThis article reviews historic background, epidemiology, clinical characteristics, genetics, and pathogenesis as well as therapeutic management and future perspectives.Expert opinionThe principles of evaluation and treatment are based on arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and general heart failure guidelines, because specific data on Naxos disease are limited. Therefore, larger registries on Naxos disease are welcome in order to gain more knowledge about clinical course and risk stratification. Translational research on pathophysiological mechanisms has evolved, including promising approaches using stem cells for novel targets.
18.	Magnusson, Peter, et al. (författare) Health-related quality of life in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators in Sweden : a cross-sectional observational trial 2021 Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Journals. - 2044-6055. ; 11:7 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract OBJECTIVES: Decisions regarding implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) must consider information about presumed health-related quality of life (HRQL). The purpose of the study was to assess HRQL in patients with ICD and compare it to a Swedish age-matched and sex-matched population.DESIGN: Cross-sectional observational trial.SETTING: Swedish ICD cohort.INTERVENTIONS: Short form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires from ICD recipients implanted 2007-2017 (response rate 77.2%) were analysed using Mann-Whitney U test and effect size (ES).RESULTS: In total, 223 patients (mean age 71.1±9.7 years, 82.1% men) were included. In most SF-36 domains (physical functioning (PF), role physical, general health (GH), vitality, social functioning and mental health), the score for patients with ICD was significantly lower (ES range 0.23-0.41, ie, small difference) than norms, except for bodily pain and role emotional. Both the physical component summary (PCS) and the mental component summary (MCS) scores had ES=0.31. Men and women had similar scores. Primary and secondary prevention patients scored similarly, except for worse GH in primary prevention (p=0.016, ES=0.35). Atrial fibrillation was associated with worse PF (ES=0.41) and PCS (ES=0.38). Appropriate therapy, inappropriate shock or complications requiring surgery were not associated with lower scores in any domain. In primary prevention due to ischaemic versus non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy, no domain was significantly different. PCS decreased with higher age strata (p=0.002) in contrast to MCS (p=0.986).CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ICDs have lower physical and mental HRQL than age-matched and sex-matched norms; however, the ESs are small. HRQL is similar regardless of sex, primary/secondary prevention indication, appropriate therapy, inappropriate shock or complications, but decreases with advancing age.
19.	Magnusson, Peter, et al. (författare) Life‐threatening peripartum cardiomyopathy — not expected when expecting 2019 Ingår i: Clinical Case Reports. - : Wiley. - 2050-0904. ; 7:6, s. 1127-1132 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Peripartum cardiomyopathy is challenging to diagnose as it mimics symptoms present in normal pregnancy. The clinical course and prognosis are various. In selected cases, a cardioverter implantable defibrillator with/without cardiac resynchronization therapy, mechanical ventricular assist device treatment, and transplantation is indicated.
20.	Mattsson, Gustav, et al. (författare) Health status measured by Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire-12 in primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator patients with heart failure 2021 Ingår i: BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. - : BMC. - 1471-2261 .- 1471-2261. ; 21:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: Self-reported health status as measured by the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) in patients with primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has mainly been reported from randomized trials. However, these studies are often limited to short follow-up and are subject to selection bias. The aim of this study was to assess KCCQ-12 in patients with primary prevention ICD due to either ischemic or nonischemic heart failure.METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study included all patients in Region Gävleborg, Sweden, who because of primary prevention due to heart failure, had an ICD or underwent device replacement between 2007 and 2017. After validation using medical records patients were sent and returned the KCCQ-12 by regular mail.RESULTS: A total of 118 questionnaires were analyzed (response rate 71.1%). The mean age was 70.9 ± 9.8 years, and a minority was female (n = 20, 16.9%). The mean overall summary score was 71.5 ± 22.4, there was no significant difference between ischemic and nonischemic heart failure (69.5 ± 23.1 vs. 74.4 ± 21.3; p = 0.195). Atrial fibrillation at baseline was associated with lower score for the domains Symptom frequency (70.2 ± 23.2 vs. 82.2 ± 19.2; p = 0.006) and Social limitation (62.1 ± 26.0 vs. 75.6 ± 26.6; p = 0.006) as well as the overall summary score (63.9 ± 21.3 vs. 74.8 ± 22.2; p = 0.004).CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, primary prevention ICD patients with heart failure report an acceptable disease-specific health status at long-term follow-up. Ischemic and nonischemic etiology showed similar health status whereas atrial fibrillation was associated with worse outcome.
21.	Mazzucchelli, Enrico, et al. (författare) Nearly Zero Energy Building : Design Strategies and BEATs Influence on Architectural Design 2013 Ingår i: 39th IAHS (The International Association for Housing Science), Milan Italy 2013. - Milan : PoliScript. - 9788864930138 ; , s. 155-162 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
22.	Pastori, Sofia, et al. (författare) Hybrid timber-based structures: A state of the art review 2022 Ingår i: Construction and Building Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0950-0618 .- 1879-0526. ; 359 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The construction of timber buildings has increased in recent years, thanks to the excellent properties of the material. To achieve improved behaviour in terms of mechanical properties, energy and acoustic performance, fire resistance and durability, timber structures are sometimes integrated with other materials, such as concrete and steel, resulting in hybrid timber-based structures. This paper presents a literature review on hybrid timber-based structures, summarizing the state of the art of hybrid timber-based structures constructed to date and examining the main research contributions. The aim is to establish a background for improving existing solutions or proposing new hybrid timber-based systems and components.
23.	Persson, Agneta, et al. (författare) ETT TAK – FEM MÖJLIGHETER : Marknadsdriven utveckling av ekosystemtjänster 2020 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Forskning visar att förutsättningarna för många ekosystemtjänster har försämrats radikalt. Detta trots att det finns stora vinster, för såväl fastighetsägare som samhället i stort, med att stärka tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster. Det finns ett relativt stort engagemang från myndigheters och kommuners sida när det gäller arbete för att stärka och bevara ekosystemtjänster, men gällande implementering finns det mycket kvar att göra. Exempelvis är kravställningarna inte harmonierade och saknar ”botten upp-perspektiv” där fastighetsägare kan se sig som naturliga aktörer. Denna förstudie har genomförts för att skapa bättre förutsättningar för en marknadsdriven utveckling av ekosystemtjänster i fastighetsbranschen. I studien har ett konkret fastighetsperspektiv kopplats till åtgärder för ekosystemtjänster. I arbetet har följande fem typer av koncepttak för främjande av ekosystemtjänster utvecklats: VattentaketOdlingstaketEnergitaket'Biologisk mångfaldstaketRekreationstaketFör vart och ett av dessa fem koncepttak har en analys genomförts avseende tillhandahållandet av ekosystemtjänster, drivkrafter och hinder för fastighetsägare samt vilka ekologiska och ekonomiska bidrag taken kan ge. Den ekonomiska analysen har fokuserat på såväl ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska bidrag som deras inverkan på fastighetsekonomiska aspekter Analysen av ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska bidrag genomfördes med hjälp av en bred litteraturgenomgång av tidigare studier på området. Såväl publicerat material som information från företag och branschorganisationer undersöktes. Litteraturgenomgången resulterade i en kartläggning av befintliga skattningar och schablonvärden som kan användas för att värdera samhällsnyttan från ekosystemtjänster i ekonomiska termer, både för de fem koncepttaken, men också i andra analyser av ekosystemtjänster på gröna tak. Utöver detta har en fallstudie för kvarteret Siv i centrala Uppsala genomförts. Här ska en ny byggnad med en kombination av kontor och hotell byggas, och ett förslag på grönt tak baserat på de fem koncepttak som har utvecklats inom projektet har arbetats fram. För att visa på värdet av den nytta som takets ekosystemtjänster väntas generera har resultaten från litteraturgenomgången använts. Nyttorna relaterar bl.a. till undvikta kostnader från föroreningar i dagvatten, minskade kostnader för klimatkyla för lokaler och ökat välbefinnande för människor genom socialt umgänge och ”stadsgrönt”. Resultaten visar att lågt skattat ligger ekosystemtjänsternas samhällsekonomiska värde för denna fallstudie i intervallet 1,5 - 6,5 miljoner kronor per år (inklusive ett engångbelopp på upp till 0,5 miljoner kronor). Anledningen till att värdet är lågt skattat är att många ekosystemtjänster inte helt eller delvis har kunnat värderas i ekonomiska termer. Den fastighetsekonomiska analysen genomfördes baserat på intervjuer med aktörer i bygg- och fastighetsbranschen. Fokus för analysen var att undersöka hur anläggning av gröna tak i allmänhet, men för de fem koncepttaken i synnerhet, påverkar fastighetsekonomiska aspekter såsom byggkalkyler, projektering och finansiell avkastning. En central slutsats i analysen är att det är viktigt att planera för gröna tak tidigt i byggprocessen samt att inkludera den kunskap som behövs. Gröna tak kräver i regel multidisciplinära arbetsteam som kombinerar kompetenser inom konstruktion, arkitektur, landskapsarkitektur, biologi, fastighetsekonomi m.m. Med en tidig planering kan de merkostnader som är förknippade med gröna tak minskas eller helt elimineras. En annan viktig slutsats från detta projekt är att investerings- och underhållskostnaderna varierar mycket beroende på vilken typ av grönt tak som anläggs. För vattentaket som har ett tjockt substratlager och inslag av dammar krävs t.ex. en kraftigare byggnadskonstruktion för att klara de ökade lasterna, medan andra typer av tak inte har detta krav. På motsvarande sätt innebär tillgängliga tak ökade kostnader för underhåll och säkerhetsanordningar såsom räcken, medan icke-tillgängliga tak inte medför denna kostnad. Vid beslut om vilken typ av grönt tak som ska anläggas bör inte bara kostnader utan även respektive taks bidrag till fastighetsekonomisk lönsamhet vägas in, t.ex. uppfyllande av krav på dagvattenfördröjning, attraktivare kontorslokaler eller lägenheter med möjlighet att ta ut högre hyra samt marknadsföringsmässiga värden. Många gröna tak innebär s.k. delade incitament (”split incentives”), dvs. de genererar nytta för såväl den enskilda fastighetsägaren som samhället i stort. Detta bör ses som ett ytterligare argument för att anlägga gröna tak, snarare än ett hinder. Genom att flera fastighetsägare samplanerar sina tak kan även synergieffekter skapas där nyttorna ”spiller över” fastighetsägarna emellan, och de resulterande ekosystemtjänster ökar mer än proportionellt mot arean om flera gröna tak anläggs inom samma område. Beroende på varje enskild byggnads förutsättningar och fastighetsägarens vision finns ett eller flera optimala gröna tak med tillhörande ekosystemtjänster. Det behövs emellertid mer kunskap och verktyg för att öka etableringstakten och skapa en marknadsdriven utveckling av gröna tak. Baserat på de analyser som har gjorts i detta projekt ges flera rekommendationer som ska kunna bidra till att åstadkomma en sådan utveckling. För att öka kunskapen på området rekommenderas ett forum där fastighetsägare och andra relevanta aktörer kan dela med sig av sina kunskaper om planering och anläggning av gröna tak, t.ex. organiserat genom en offentlig aktör. Detta skulle även bidra till ökad samplanering och möjligheter för att skapa synergieffekter. Genom att arbeta vidare med att undersöka hyresgästers preferenser för de ekosystemtjänster som gröna tak tillhandahåller samt att bygga upp kunskap kring dess samhälls- och fastighetsekonomiska värde möjliggörs även för att inkludera värdet av ekosystemtjänster i planering och kalkyler. Ökad kunskap om vilken typ av värden som genereras med gröna tak kan också skapas med olika former av visualisering. En fördel med en visuell modell är att den även kan tydliggöra sådana värden som inte kan beräknas eller redovisas i monetära termer. I detta projekt har två olika visualiseringsmodeller exemplifierats, en enklare variant i form så kallade ”spindeldiagram” i Excel och en mer avancerad modell med hjälp av verktyget Tableau. Det förslag till grönt tak som inom projektet har arbetats fram för byggnaden i kvarteret Siv i Uppsala har ”omvandlats” till en interaktiv Tableau-illustration där takets olika element och objekt går att klicka på för att få ytterligare information om dessa. Information om de ekosystemtjänster som levereras på de olika delarna av taket fås också genom att klicka på informations-ikonerna på respektive takyta. Digitalisering av information om vilka värden som kan skapas med gröna tak kan underlätta för fastighetsägare att både planera för gröna tak och att göra fastighetsekonomiska och samhällsekonomiska uppskattningar av effekten av att anlägga gröna tak. Digitala verktyg för att synliggöra vilka tak som skulle kunna ha särskilt stor nytta att göras gröna skulle också kunna vara användbara för kommuner och länsstyrelser, exempelvis för att visa var viktiga grönstrukturer och spridningskorridorer finns eller saknas, eller hur mycket gröna tak kan bidra med ekosystemtjänster. För att förenkla för fastighetsägare att arbeta med planering av gröna tak och ekosystemtjänster rekommenderas att ett digitaliserat ”checklistverktyg” tas fram. Verktyget ska kunna användas av fastighetsägare som själv ska kunna laborera med olika typer av gröna tak. Genom att i ett sådant verktyg kunna kombinera olika ”byggklossar”, dvs. koncepttak med olika element, skulle enskilda fastighetsägare kunna se vilka ekosystemtjänster som kan levereras samt vad de fastighetsekonomiska effekterna skulle bli för deras byggnader. Det underlag som har tagits fram inom detta projekt, fem olika koncepttak, analys av bidrag till ekosystemtjänster och fastighetsekonomi och visualiseringsmöjligheter, kan utgöra en startpunkt för utvecklingen av ett sådant digitalt verktyg eller komplement till något redan befintligt verktyg.
24.	Petrović, Bojana, et al. (författare) Carbon Assessment of a Wooden Single-Family Building : Focusing on Re-Used Building Products 2024 Ingår i: Buildings. - 2075-5309. ; 14:3 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Previous research has shown a lack of studies with comparisons between primary (virgin) and secondary (re-used) building materials, and their embodied emissions. The creation of different scenarios comparing the environmental impact of virgin vs. re-used materials is also motivated by the scarcity of raw materials in the world and the emergency of mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings. The aim of this study was to investigate scenarios, including new vs. re-used building products, applying the LCA method for a wooden single-family building. The findings showed a 23% reduction potential for total released (positive) CO2e when comparing the Reference scenario with Scenario I, using re-used wooden-based materials. Further, Scenario II, using all re-used building materials except for installations, showed a 59% CO2e reduction potential compared to the Reference scenario. Finally, Scenario III, which assumes all re-used building products, showed a 92% decreased global warming potential (GWP) impact compared to the Reference scenario. However, when including biogenic carbon and benefits (A5 and D module), the Reference scenario, based on newly produced wooden building materials, has the largest negative GHG emissions. It can be concluded that the re-use of building products leads to significant carbon savings compared to using new building products.
25.	Petrovic, Bojana (författare) Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis of a single-family house 2021 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The building industry is responsible for 35% of final energy use and 38% of CO2 emissions at a global level. The European Union aims to reduce CO2 emissions in the building industry by up to 90% by the year 2050. Therefore, it is important to consider the environmental impacts buildings have. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the environmental impacts and costs of a single-family house in Sweden. In the study, the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the life cycle cost (LCC) methods have been used by following the “cradle to grave” life cycle perspective. This study shows a significant reduction of global warming potential (GWP), primary energy (PE) use and costs when the lifespan of the house is shifted from 50 to 100 years. The findings illustrate a total decrease in LCA outcome, of GWP to 27% and PE to 18%. Considering the total LCC outcome, when the discount rate increases from 3% to 5% and then 7%, the total costs decrease significantly (60%, 85% to 95%). The embodied carbon, PE use and costs from the production stage/construction stage are significantly reduced, while the maintenance/replacement stage displays the opposite trend. Operational energy use, water consumption and end-of-life, however, remain largely unchanged. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the importance of using wood-based building materials due to its lower carbon-intensive manufacturing process compared to non-wood choices. The results of the LCA and LCC were systematically studied and are presented visually. Low carbon and cost-effective materials and installations have to be identified in the early stage of a building design so that the appropriate investment choices can be made that will reduce a building’s total environmental and economic impact in the long run. Findings from this thesis provide a greater understanding of the environmental and economic impacts that are relevant for decision-makers when building single-family houses.
26.	Petrovic, Bojana, et al. (författare) Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-Family House in Sweden 2021 Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 11:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The objective of this paper was to explore long-term costs for a single-family house in Sweden during its entire lifetime. In order to estimate the total costs, considering construction, replacement, operation, and end-of-life costs over the long term, the life cycle cost (LCC) method was applied. Different cost solutions were analysed including various economic parameters in a sensitivity analysis. Economic parameters used in the analysis include various nominal discount rates (7%, 5%, and 3%), an inflation rate of 2%, and energy escalation rates (2-6%). The study includes two lifespans (100 and 50 years). The discounting scheme was used in the calculations. Additionally, carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO(2)e) emissions were considered and systematically analysed with costs. Findings show that when the discount rate is decreased from 7% to 3%, the total costs are increased significantly, by 44% for a 100-year lifespan, while for a 50 years lifespan the total costs show a minor increase by 18%. The construction costs represent a major part of total LCC, with labor costs making up half of them. Considering costs and emissions together, a full correlation was not found, while a partial relationship was investigated. Results can be useful for decision-makers in the building sector.
27.	Petrović, Bojana (författare) Whole Life Carbon Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Single-family Building 2024 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The building sector is responsible for 34% of final energy consumption and contributes to 37% of global CO2 emissions. In alignment with sustainability goals, the European Union has set a target to reduce CO2 emissions in the building sector by up to 90% by 2050. Consequently, there is a great need to examine the climate impact of buildings and adopt a comprehensive perspective using a whole life carbon assessment. The aim of the thesis was to examine greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and costs throughout all life cycle stages, applying a whole life carbon assessment and life cycle cost analysis for a single-family building situated in a Nordic climate. Additionally, both positive (released) and negative GHG emissions were explored and documented, encompassing operational and embodied impacts. In the thesis, the life cycle assessment and the life cycle cost methods have been applied by following the “cradle-to-grave” life cycle perspective. The study includes an analysis of the reference building design and comparisons with improved building design. The thesis findings highlight a substantial decrease in released GHG emissions with 23% reduction for the analyzed improved building design showing 5.2 kg CO2e/m2/y50 compared to the reference building design showing 6.7 kg CO2e/m2/y50. Moreover, incorporating biogenic carbon and the D module into the cradle-to-grave approach shows the lowest total GHG emissions, manifesting as negative values, -0.7 kg CO2e/m2/y50 for the improved building design. Embodied impact accounts for 79% and 72% of the total impact, while operational impact accounts for 21% and 28% for the reference and improved building designs. When analyzing all building materials, it is shown that an increased share of wooden building materials in the improved building design results in decreased released (positive) GHG emissions and increased negative GHG emissions. The results underscore the significance of using wood-based building materials due to their manufacturing process having lower GHG emissions compared to non-wood solutions. Considering the reference building design, when analyzing the building energy systems, it should be noted that the embodied GHG emissions from the production phase of solar PV panels are considerably higher when compared to emissions from the ventilation system and heat pump. To decrease the embodied GHG emissions during the production phase of solar PV panels, the manufacturing process should be done in countries with a larger share of renewable energy sources in the electricity grid. Moreover, recognizing building materials with low GHG emissions that are economically profitable during the early phases of building design and construction is essential for reducing long-term environmental and economic consequences. Additionally, considering the utilization of reusable building products over new ones could be seen as a winning strategy for mitigating the climate impact in the building sector and decreasing the use of natural resources and waste. Considering the economic impact, it can be noted that the construction costs are greater than operational costs and end-of-life costs comparing all life cycle stages. Approximately 50% of the construction costs are labor costs, followed by investment costs for building materials, installations, and pre-construction costs. Analyzing the building products’ costs, it is important to note that selecting cross-laminated timber (CLT) for a foundation could lead to higher investment costs compared to concrete slabs. In conclusion, the result of the thesis encompasses a whole life carbon assessment in buildings. It underscores the importance of revealing all carbon flows associated with single-family buildings. Finally, the thesis outlines the advantages of utilizing wood-based materials and reusable building products for building owners, contractors, designers, architects, consultants, and other decision-makers. It emphasizes the importance of considering both the environmental and economic aspects of buildings to attain a comprehensive understanding.
28.	Ren, Honghao, et al. (författare) Flexural Behavior of Cross-Laminated Timber Panels with Environmentally Friendly Timber Edge Connections 2024 Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI. - 2075-5309. ; 14:5 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract As a sustainable construction material, timber is more promoted than steel, concrete, and aluminum nowadays. The building industry benefits from using timber based on several perspectives, including decarbonization, improved energy efficiency, and easier recycling and disposal processes. The cross-laminated timber (CLT) panel is one of the widely utilized engineered wood products in construction for floors, which is an ideal alternative option for replacing reinforced concrete. One single CLT panel has an outstanding flexural behavior. However, CLT cannot be extended independently without external connections, which are normally made of steel. This article proposes two innovative adhesive-free edge connections made of timber, the double surface (DS) and half-lapped (HL) connections. These connections were designed to connect two CLT panels along their weak direction. Parametric studies consisting of twenty models were conducted on the proposed edge connections to investigate the effects of different factors and the flexural behavior of CLT panels with these edge connections under a four-point bending test. Numerical simulations of all the models were done in the current study by using ABAQUS 2022. Furthermore, the employed material properties and other relevant inputs (VUSDFLD subroutines, time steps, meshes, etc.) of the numerical models were validated through existing experiments. The results demonstrated that the maximum and minimum load capacities among the studied models were 6.23 kN and 0.35 kN, respectively. The load–displacement responses, strain, stress, and defection distributions were collected and analyzed, as well as their failure modes. It was revealed that the CLT panels’ load capacity was distinctly improved due to the increment of the connectors’ number (55.05%) and horizontal length (80.81%), which also reinforced the stability. Based on the findings, it was indicated that adhesive-free timber connections could be used for CLT panels in buildings and replace traditional construction materials, having profound potential for improving buildings’ sustainability and energy efficiency.
29.	Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments 2023 Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract This book assembles the latest knowledge linked to urban environments and urban socio-eco-technological systems including urban, energy, transport, material, and ecosystems. Urban environments and systems affect every person’s life in many ways and can have negative impacts on the local and global environment. They create value but sometimes with a high environmental cost from a lifecycle perspective. Therefore, scientists and global leaders call for an urban transition to create more environmental urban environments and systems that are climate positive, sustainable, and healthy, which is necessary for society to function within the planetary boundaries. This is a great challenge. Huge transformations and new ways of thinking regarding the design and co-existence of technical, social, and ecological systems are necessary to turn the present challenge into opportunities. This book, Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments, explores this challenge and several different topics related to possible, probable, or necessary urban transitions in the urban environment. It assembles a variety of authors who present many aspects and the latest knowledge linked to urban transitions of the urban environment and urban socio-eco-technological systems - including urban-, energy-, transport-, building- material- and eco-systems.Furthermore, the importance of the urban systems and urban environments is seldom clearly linked to their impact on the environment and humans. This book examines this gap, the crucial issues relating to how urban systems influence the urban structure, and how they can be formed and designed to become more sustainable. It explores the link between the complex systems in cities, the physicality of the built environment, and the living environments for the people. The book proposes a rich garden of ideas to provoke and develop current research, debate, and new forms of practices.
30.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Brister i vårt logiska tänkande ett hinder för klimatkloka beslut 2019 Ingår i: Husbyggaren. - 0018-7968. ; :1, s. 23-25 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
31.	Wallhagen, Marita, tekn dr, docent, 1979-, et al. (författare) Ecological Worldview Among University Staff 2024 Ingår i: Ethics and the Environment. - : Indiana University Press. - 1085-6633 .- 1535-5306. ; 29:1, s. 29-47 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract University staff play an important role in the development of a more sustainable world. Their attitudes towards pro-environmental behavior and environmental values likely have an influence on ethics, the current society and future generations. Therefore, this study aims to measure and interpret the ecological worldview among university staff using the validated New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) survey. The mean NEP-score was 3.68. This overall value is of the same magnitude as many samples from diverse geographical areas with representatives and students, but it is considerably lower than for environmentalists. The facet Balance of nature reported the highest score whereas Limits to growth the lowest score. Women had higher mean score, mainly explained by the higher score in the facet Human domination over nature. There is a potential for improving the ecological world-view scores of University staff, who are an unstudied and important group. Values in higher education may influence sustainable development, environmental ethics and society.
32.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979- (författare) Environmental Assessment of Buildings and the influence on architectural design 2010 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This licentiate thesis examines environmental assessment tools for buildings. This is done by investigating, analysing, comparing and testing how different environmental assessment tools measure the environmental performance of buildings and examining the consequences this may have on architectural design. The study begins by analysing three environmental assessment tools: Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and EcoEffect. These tools are then tested on a case study building (an eight-storey residential building) to analyse differences regarding assessment results, improvement proposals and potential impacts on architectural design. One of the environmental impacts assessed in the three tools, namely Climate Change caused by gases having Global Warming Potential (GWP), is then analysed in greater detail from a life cycle perspective by measuring CO2-equivalents (CO2-eq). A basic calculation tool (referred to as the ENSLIC tool), based on life cycle assessment methodology, is used to assess a case study building (a four-storey office building in Gävle). The CO2-eq emissions from a building’s material production and energy use are calculated and the impacts of a number of suggested building improvements and changes of energy sources are analysed. The studies show the complexity of assessment tools and different ways to make comparisons. Both similarities and differences between the tools are apparent, regarding hierarchical structure and also on each hierarchical level, from categories to issues and parameters. It is also shown that the choice of environmental assessment tool may have an influence on the architectural design of buildings. The difficulty with assessing complex buildings is apparent even when only one environmental issue is assessed with the LCA-based ENSLIC tool. Many aspects influence the assessment result. These include energy use, choice of materials and choice of energy sources. The complexity and difficulty in linking buildings to environmental impact create a need for interactive tools measuring environmental performance, which can be useful as decision support in the early design phase.
33.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Framework for Detailed Comparison of Building Environmental Assessment Tools 2013 Ingår i: Buildings. - Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 3:1, s. 39-60 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Understanding how Building Environmental Assessments Tools (BEATs) measure and define “environmental” building is of great interest to many stakeholders, but it is difficult to understand how BEATs relate to each other, as well as to make detailed and systematic tool comparisons. A framework for comparing BEATs is presented in the following which facilitates an understanding and comparison of similarities and differences in terms of structure, content, aggregation, and scope. The framework was tested by comparing three distinctly different assessment tools; LEED-NC v3, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH), and EcoEffect. Illustrations of the hierarchical structure of the tools gave a clear overview of their structural differences. When using the framework, the analysis showed that all three tools treat issues related to the main assessment categories: Energy and Pollution, Indoor Environment, and Materials and Waste. However, the environmental issues addressed, and the parameters defining the object of study, differ and, subsequently, so do rating, results, categories, issues, input data, aggregation methodology, and weighting. This means that BEATs measure “environmental” building differently and push “environmental” design in different directions. Therefore, tool comparisons are important, and the framework can be used to make these comparisons in a more detailed and systematic way.
34.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Gender Differences in Environmental Perspectives among Urban Design Professionals 2018 Ingår i: Buildings. - : MDPI AG. - 2075-5309. ; 8:4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Urban design professionals are key actors in early design phases and have the possibility to influence urban development and direct it in a more sustainable direction. Therefore, gender differences in environmental perspectives among urban design professionals may have a marked effect on urban development and the environment. This study identified gender differences in environment-related attitudes among urban design professionals involved in the international architectural competition 'A New City Centre for Kiruna' in northern Sweden. Participants' self-rated possibility to influence environmental aspects was higher for males than for females. Conversely, the importance placed on environmental aspects had higher ratings among females, although the differences regarding the rating of personal responsibilitywere small. The gap between the participants' self-rated belief in their ability to influence and rated importance of environmental aspects was larger among female participants. Females placed great importance on environmental aspects even though they felt that their possibility to influence these was rather low. Conversely, male participants felt that they had the greatest possibility to influence, although some males rated the importance of environmental aspects thelowest. The gender differences identified are important froman equality and environmental perspective as they may influence pro-environmental behavior among urban design professionals and ultimately influence the environmental performance of the built environment.
35.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Klimatpåverkan från byggnader i fokus - snart införs krav på klimatdeklaration 2021 Ingår i: Husbyggaren. - Stockholm : SBR. - 0018-7968. ; :1, s. 10-13 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Samhällsbyggnadssektorn i Sverige står för en betydande andel av landets utsläpp av växthusgaser. I ett led att styra branschen mot en mer hållbar riktning har Boverket fått i uppdrag att underlätta införandet av klimatdeklaration vid nybyggnation. Redan i januari nästa år, 2022, föreslås att nya krav på redovisning av klimatdeklaration vid uppförande av nya byggnader införs för de som söker bygglov. Men vad innebär redovisning av klimatdeklaration?
36.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Les outils de mesure de la durabilité des bâtiments : comparaison transnationale 2008 Ingår i: Annales de la Recherche Urbaine. - Paris : Ministère de l'Écologie, de l'Énergie, du Développement durable et de l'aménagement du territoire. - 0180-930X. ; :105, s. 94-103 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Les outils d'évaluation environnementale des bâtiments se développent rapidement dans de nombreux pays. Tous prétendent mesurer la qualité environnementale ou la durabilité des bâtiments, et donnent un maximum de points à ce qui est durable d'une manière ou d'une autre. Mais pour l'instant il n'y a pas de consensus sur le sens des mots « vert » ou « durables » en termes de critères et d'indicateurs. Que cherchent à mesurer les indicateurs existant? Trois outils d'évaluation ont été retenus, l'américain LEED-NC, le britannique Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) et le suédois EcoEffect. Ils ont trois champs d'évaluation principale en commun : l'énergie, l'environnement intérieur, les matériaux et les déchets. En revanche les contenus sont différents. Ces outils ont été comparés quant à leur but, leur contenu, et leur manière d'agréger les items. Ils ont été testés sur un immeuble neuf de plusieurs étages. Les résultats de leur application à cet immeuble divergent, ce qui pose la question de la définition d'outils d'évaluation réellement pertinents.
37.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) Pollinatörer: Avgörande för en livskraftig stadsmiljö! 2020 Ingår i: Husbyggaren. - : SBR. - 0018-7968. ; :3, s. 24-28 Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract När vi talar om byggd miljö är oftast fokus på de system, byggnader och artefakter som vi bygger med. Ibland belyses de sociala aspekterna, men sällan uppmärksammas naturen i vår stadsmiljö. Naturen i städerna ger flera fördelar och har gynnsam påverkan på de som vistas i stadsmiljön (Ballew & Omoto 2018, Bengtsson et al. 2018, Weiman 2017). Grönytornas betydelse har aktualiserats ännu tydligare under den rådande coronapandemin (Samuelsson et al. 2020). Närheten till grönska skapar förutsättningar för värdefull fysisk aktivitet och mental återhämtning. Naturen är förstås betydelsefull för oss människor, men utgör också en förutsättning för organismer, insekter, fåglar och andra djur. Dessa grupper fyller avgörande funktioner i de ekosystem som vi är beroende av, och som faktiskt fortfarande också finns i våra städer
38.	Wallhagen, Marita, tekn dr, docent, 1979-, et al. (författare) Viewpoints on Environmental Assessment of Building Certification Method - Miljöbyggnad 2021 Ingår i: Urban Transition - Perspectives on Urban Systems and Environments. - : IntechOpen. Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract Production, management, use, and end-of-life of buildings has a large impact on climate change. Therefore, environmental targets are set to lower the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the building sector. To reach these targets building regulation and voluntary environmental assessment methods (EAMs) that evaluate and certify the building's environmental impact are put forward as tools to push the building sector towards lower GHG emissions. In Sweden, building design is governed by building regulations and the dominant EAM is ‘Miljöbyggnad’ (MB) (“Environmental building”). Today, more than 1900 buildings have been certified by MB and it has influenced the building and property sector. In this chapter the potential impact MB and the linked Swedish building regulations have on building performance, energy use and GHG emissions, will be reviewed and discussed. The analysis investigates several of the MB’s indicators, evaluate to what degree EAMs can influence the design of the building and the energy system to lower the energy use and GHG emissions based on material choices. The analysis presents important aspects that may influence the design of the building and its energy system and what challenges and possibilities the indicators, criteria and regulations can have on buildings and climate change. In addition, some modification and suggestion for improvements are presented.
39.	Wallhagen, Marita, 1979-, et al. (författare) What is a "green" building according to different assessment tools? 2008 Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference. Vol. 2. - 9780646503721 ; , s. 2618-2625 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Environmental assessment tools for buildings are rapidly developing in many countries. All of them claim that they measure “greenness” or “sustainability” of buildings, i.e. if maximum scores are awarded a building is sustainable in some respect. But so far there is no consensus on the interpretation of “green” or “sustainable” in terms of criteria and indicators.This article explores if different tools point in different directions regarding “green” building design. It also investigates characteristics of assessment tools and consequences of different approaches.Three distinctly different assessment tools, LEED-NC, Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and EcoEffect have been selected. They have three core assessment areas in common, namely Energy, Indoor Environment and Materials & Waste. The content however is different.The tools have been compared with respect to aim, content and aggregation. They have been tested on a new multi storey residential building. Assessments within the core areas were compared. Measures to improve the overall judgement were explored. The diverging result raises the question how to design environmentally relevant and practically useful assessment tools for buildings.
40.	Wising, Jenny, et al. (författare) ‘Life with a device’ : the octogenarians’ experiences with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator—a qualitative study 2021 Ingår i: European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - : Oxford University Press. - 1474-5151 .- 1873-1953. ; 21:2, s. 161-168 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract AimsImplantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) treatment has expanded due to its effectiveness. However, there are concerns about complications, and use in the most elderly has been questioned. There is scarce data on qualitative aspects regarding experiences of living with an ICD among patients above the age of 80 years. The aim of this study was to explore octogenarians’ experience, knowledge, and attitude of living with an ICD.Method and resultsWe used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 20 patients, aged 80–89 years (90% men). The data were then structured and analysed through deductive thematic analysis network approach using the ATLAS.ti v.8.4 software. The framework of the analysis was based on the Successful Aging Theory. Three main themes emerged regarding the patients’ experiences: Life goes on; Their Health, The Janus-Faced Device; Their attitudes, and Mind the gap; Their knowledge. None of the octogenarians regretted receiving their ICD, instead, they presented with feelings such as gratitude towards the device. However, a lack of knowledge about the devices was expressed, which can be a risk for potential complications, in turn causing suffering and unnecessary concerns.ConclusionOverall, the ICD did not pose a threat towards successful ageing. It was mainly considered a life-saving device. However, the lack of knowledge might hinder informed choices close to death and contribute to ethical dilemmas when deactivation of the ICD is a reasonable option.

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