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1.	Moberg, Christina, et al. (författare) De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten 2022 Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000. Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
2.	Campeau, Audrey, et al. (författare) Aquatic export of young dissolved and gaseous carbon from a pristine boreal fen : Implications for peat carbon stock stability 2017 Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 23:12, s. 5523-5536 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The stability of northern peatland's carbon (C) store under changing climate is of major concern for the global C cycle. The aquatic export of C from boreal peatlands is recognized as both a critical pathway for the remobilization of peat C stocks as well as a major component of the net ecosystem C balance (NECB). Here, we present a full year characterization of radiocarbon content (14C) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4) exported from a boreal peatland catchment coupled with 14C characterization of the catchment's peat profile of the same C species. The age of aquatic C in runoff varied little throughout the year and appeared to be sustained by recently fixed C from the atmosphere (<60 years), despite stream DOC, CO2, and CH4 primarily being sourced from deep peat horizons (2–4 m) near the mire's outlet. In fact, the 14C content of DOC, CO2, and CH4 across the entire peat profile was considerably enriched with postbomb C compared with the solid peat material. Overall, our results demonstrate little to no mobilization of ancient C stocks from this boreal peatland and a relatively large resilience of the source of aquatic C export to forecasted hydroclimatic changes.
3.	Campeau, Audrey, et al. (författare) Stable carbon isotopes reveal soil - stream DIC linkages in contrasting headwater catchments 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-8953 .- 2169-8961. ; 123:1, s. 149-167 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Large CO2 evasion to the atmosphere occurs as dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) is transported from soils to streams. While this physical process has been the focus of multiple studies, less is known about the underlying biogeochemical transformations that accompany this transfer of C from soils to streams. Here we used patterns in stream water and groundwater C-13-DIC values within three headwater catchments with contrasting land cover to identify the sources and processes regulating DIC during its transport. We found that although considerable CO2 evasion occurs as DIC is transported from soils to streams, there were also other processes affecting the DIC pool. Methane production and mixing of C sources, associated with different types and spatial distribution of peat-rich areas within each catchment, had a significant influence on the C-13-DIC values in both soils and streams. These processes represent an additional control on C-13-DIC values and the catchment-scale cycling of DIC across different northern landscape types. The results from this study demonstrate that the transport of DIC from soils to streams results in more than just rapid CO2 evasion to the atmosphere but also represents a channel of C transformation, which questions some of our current conceptualizations of C cycling at the landscape scale. Plain Language Summary Large carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere occurs as rainwater percolates through soils and into streams. This physical process is important for the global carbon cycle and has been the focus of multiple studies. However, less is known about the underlying processes that accompanies this transfer of carbon dioxide from soils to streams. Here we analyze the stable isotope composition of soil and stream carbon dioxide and demonstrate that methane production and mixing of carbon sources also occur in soils and streams. These processes were linked to different types and configurations of peat-rich areas, for example, bogs, fens, and riparian zones, found within each of the three studied catchments. Our results therefore demonstrate that the export of carbon dioxide from soils to streams not only results in emissions to the atmosphere but also represents a channel of transformation. This questions some of our current conceptualization of the catchment-scale cycling of carbon dioxide.
4.	Meier, Hannes, 1983- (författare) Superfluid Phase Transitions in Disordered Systems 2011 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract This thesis presents results from large scale Monte Carlo simulations of systems subject to a superfluid phase transition in the presence of disorder. The simulations are performed by state-of-the-art, collective Monte Carlo algorithms treating phase degrees of freedom in effective models with amplitude fluctuations integrated out.In Paper I a model system for the possible solid to supersolid transition in 4He is presented.The Wolff cluster algorithm is used to study how the presence of linearly correlated random defects is able to alter the universality class of the 3-dimensional XY-model. In the pure case the superfluid density and heat capacity have singular onsets, which are not seen in the supersolid experiments where instead a smooth onset is obtained. Using finite size scaling of Monte Carlo data, we find a similar smooth onset in our simulations, governed by exponents ν=1 for the superfluid density and α=-1 for the heat capacity. These results are in qualitative agreement with experiments for the observed transition in solid 4He.In Paper II a systematic investigation of the scaling result z=d for the dynamic critical exponentat the Bose glass to superfluid quantum phase transition is performed. The result z=d has been believed to be exact for about 20 years, but although it has been questioned lately no accurate estimate of z has been available. An effective link current model of quantum bosons at T=0 with disorder in 2D is simulated using highly effective worm Monte Carlo simulations.The data analysis is based on a finite size scaling approach todetermine the quantum correlation time from simulationdata for boson world lines without any a priori assumption on the critical parameters. The resulting critical exponents are z=1.8 \pm 0.05, ν=1.15 \pm 0.03, and η=-0.3 \pm 0.1. This suggests that z=d is not satisfied.
5.	Stengård, Johanna, et al. (författare) CHEFiOS; Chefskap, Hälsa, Effektivitet, Förutsättningar i Offentlig Sektor : Teknisk rapport 2013 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract ISM rapport nr 13 från Institutet för Stressmedicin, Västra Götalandsregionen
6.	Wallin, Kjell, et al. (författare) Skattning av antalet kornknarrar på Öland 2008 2008 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten redovisar resultatet av en inventering vars syfte var att beräkna det totala antalet spelande kornknarrar på Öland och att beskriva de spelande hanarnas uppehållsmiljö. Inventeringen genomfördes med stratifierad stickprovtagning av 300 provpunkter jämnt fördelade över hela Öland under perioden maj – juli 2008, där varje punkt besöktes minst två gånger. Bandspelare som spelade upp kornknarrens läte användes för att öka chansen att upptäcka kornknarr. Metoden innebar dock ingen större förbättring. Som metod för att beräkna antalet spelande hanar har avståndsinventering använts från utvalda punkter. Bestämning av kornknarrarnas position har gjorts genom ”triangulering”. Skattningen av det maximala antalet spelande kornknarrar är 206 stycken. Genom skillnaden i uppträdande och antal, mellan första och andra inventeringstillfället, med 147 respektive 61 hanar, antyds att denna siffra kan vara en överskattning. En vidare diskussion av detta görs i rapporten. Geografiskt har kornknarren sin tyngdpunkt på mellersta och östra Öland. Uppehållsmiljön utgjordes till större delen av vall, betesmark och träda, vilket överensstämmer med tidigare gjorda studier på Öland. En jämförelse mellan rapporteringssystemet Svalan och skattning genom stickprovstagning visar på relativt stora skillnader i antal spelande kornknarrar, både tidsmässigt och geografiskt. Antalet kornknarrar som rapporteras till Svalan avtar från mitten av juni medan inventeringen visar att spelandet fortsätter med bibehållen intensitet in i juli. Observationerna från Svalan är koncentrerade till Ölands sydöstra delar medan observationerna från inventeringen är mer jämnt fördelade över ön, även om det finns en viss östlig förtätning.
7.	Wallin, Mats, et al. (författare) Fågelfaunan på Ölands sjömarker - inventeringar 1988-2008 2009 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Fåglarna på Ölands sjömarker har varit föremål för tre heltäckande inventeringar under de senaste 20 åren. Dessutom har delar av Öland inventerats årligen sedan 2003. För ändamålet är Ölands sjömarker indelade i 96 delområden. De artgrupper som inventerats är ”Vadare”, ”Änder, svanar och gäss” samt ”Tärnor och måsfågel”. Vid inventeringarna har antalet häckande par bedömts genom parräkning, boräkning och revirkartering. Vid sidan av fågelinventeringen har även hävden på sjömarkerna bedömts av inventerarna. Resultaten från inventeringarna har analyserats med syfte att beskriva enskilda fågelarters populationsutveckling på Öland som helhet och i respektive delområde. Dataunderlaget för hela perioden, 1988–2008, är ojämnt då fler inventeringar gjorts efter 2000. Därför har utvärderingen av arternas trender i första hand baserats på perioden 1998–2008. Utvecklingen är positiv för 14 arter medan sju arter visar en negativ utveckling. Skillnaden mellan artgrupperna är påtaglig. Änder, svanar och gäss ökar medan vadare i huvudsak uppvisar en negativ utveckling. Arter som ökar är silvertärna, skrattmås, sothöna, storskrake, vigg, grågås, gravand, knölsvan, skedand, snatterand, kricka, gräsand, större strandpipare och tofsvipa. Arter som minskar är ejder, kanadagås, strandskata, rödspov, ljungpipare, brushane och sydlig kärrsnäppa. Sett över hela perioden, 1988–2008, är förändringarna så stora att de med säkerhet kan utläsas för ytterligare några arter. Det är för havstrut och vitkindad gås som ökat medan silltrut, svärta, stjärtand, storspov och roskarl minskat. Arter som svärta, strandskata, sydlig kärrsnäppa, brushane, ljungpipare och rödspov ser ut att vara på väg att försvinna. Hävden på Ölands sjömarker har ökat under de senaste 20 åren. Relationen mellan hävden och antalet häckande vadare är svagt positiv och en stark hävd behöver inte betyda många vadare. Hävden är nödvändig i förvaltningen av av sjömarkerna men andra faktorer har förmodligen ett starkare inflytande på vadarnas populationsutveckling.
8.	Öquist, Mats, et al. (författare) The full annual carbon balance of boreal forestsis highly sensitive to precipitation 2014 Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2328-8930. ; 1:7, s. 315-319 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The boreal forest carbon balance is predicted to be particularly sensitive to climate change. Carbon balance estimates of these biomes stem mainly from eddy-covariance measurements of net ecosystem exchange (NEE). However, a full net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) must include the lateral carbon export (LCE) through discharge. We show that annual LCE at a boreal forest site ranged from 4 to 28%, averaging 11% (standard deviation of 8%), of annual NEE over 13 years. Annual LCE and NEE are strongly anticorrelated; years with weak NEE coincide with high LCE. The decreased NEE in response to increased precipitation is caused by a reduction in the amount of incoming radiation caused by clouds. If our finding is also valid for other sites, it implies that increased precipitation at high latitudes may shift forest NECB in large areas of the boreal biome. Our results call for future analysis of this dual effect of precipitation on NEE and LCE.
9.	Acosta, Cecilia M., et al. (författare) Effect of an Individualized Lung Protective Ventilation on Lung Strain and Stress in Children Undergoing Laparoscopy : An Observational Cohort Study 2024 Ingår i: Anesthesiology. - : American Society of Anesthesiologists. - 0003-3022 .- 1528-1175. ; 140:3, s. 430-441 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Exaggerated lung strain and stress could damage lungs in anesthetized children. The authors hypothesized that the association of capnoperitoneum and lung collapse in anesthetized children increases lung strain-stress. Their primary aim was to describe the impact of capnoperitoneum on lung strain-stress and the effects of an individualized protective ventilation during laparoscopic surgery in children.Methods: The authors performed an observational cohort study in healthy children aged 3 to 7 yr scheduled for laparoscopic surgery in a community hospital. All received standard protective ventilation with 5 cm H2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Children were evaluated before capnoperitoneum, during capnoperitoneum before and after lung recruitment and optimized PEEP (PEEP adjusted to get end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure of 0), and after capnoperitoneum with optimized PEEP. The presence of lung collapse was evaluated by lung ultrasound, positive Air-Test (oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry 96% or less breathing 21% O2 for 5 min), and negative end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure. Lung strain was calculated as tidal volume/end-expiratory lung volume measured by capnodynamics, and lung stress as the end-inspiratory transpulmonary pressure.Results: The authors studied 20 children. Before capnoperitoneum, mean lung strain was 0.20 ± 0.07 (95% CI, 0.17 to 0.23), and stress was 5.68 ± 2.83 (95% CI, 4.44 to 6.92) cm H2O. During capnoperitoneum, 18 patients presented lung collapse and strain (0.29 ± 0.13; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.35; P < 0.001) and stress (5.92 ± 3.18; 95% CI, 4.53 to 7.31 cm H2O; P = 0.374) increased compared to before capnoperitoneum. During capnoperitoneum and optimized PEEP, children presenting lung collapse were recruited and optimized PEEP was 8.3 ± 2.2 (95% CI, 7.3 to 9.3) cm H2O. Strain returned to values before capnoperitoneum (0.20 ± 0.07; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.22; P = 0.318), but lung stress increased (7.29 ± 2.67; 95% CI, 6.12 to 8.46 cm H2O; P = 0.020). After capnoperitoneum, strain decreased (0.18 ± 0.04; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.20; P = 0.090), but stress remained higher (7.25 ± 3.01; 95% CI, 5.92 to 8.57 cm H2O; P = 0.024) compared to before capnoperitoneum.Conclusions: Capnoperitoneum increased lung strain in healthy children undergoing laparoscopy. Lung recruitment and optimized PEEP during capnoperitoneum decreased lung strain but slightly increased lung stress. This little rise in pulmonary stress was maintained within safe, lung-protective, and clinically acceptable limits.
10.	Agerskov, Simon, et al. (författare) Absence of Disproportionately Enlarged Subarachnoid Space Hydrocephalus, a Sharp Callosal Angle, or Other Morphologic MRI Markers Should Not Be Used to Exclude Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus from Shunt Surgery 2019 Ingår i: American Journal of Neuroradiology. - 0195-6108. ; 40:1, s. 74-79 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies have evaluated the use of MR imaging markers for the prediction of outcome after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with conflicting results. Our aim was to investigate the predictive value of a number of earlier proposed morphologic MR imaging markers in a large group of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sixty-eight patients (mean age, 70 +/- 9.3 years) with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, subjected to standardized quantification of clinical symptoms before and after shunt surgery, were included in the study. Outcome was calculated using a composite score. Preoperative T1, FLAIR, and flow-sensitive images were analyzed regarding the presence of 13 different morphologic MR imaging markers. RESULTS: The median Evans index was 0.41 (interquartile range, 0.37-0.44). All patients had an aqueductal flow void sign present and white matter hyperintensities. The median callosal angle was 68.8 degrees (interquartile range, 57.7 degrees-80.8 degrees). Dilated Sylvian fissures were found in 69%; focally dilated sulci, in 25%; and widening of the interhemispheric fissure, in 55%. Obliteration of the sulci at the convexity was found in 36%, and 36% of patients were characterized as having disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus. Sixty-eight percent of patients improved after surgery. None of the investigated MR imaging markers were significant predictors of improvement after shunt surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus, a small callosal angle, and the other MR imaging markers evaluated in this study should not be used to exclude patients from shunt surgery. These markers, though they may be indicative of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, do not seem to be a part of the mechanisms connected to the reversibility of the syndrome.
11.	Ahlgren, Joakim, et al. (författare) Barium as a Potential Indicator of Phosphorus in Agricultural Runoff 2012 Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Quality. - : Wiley. - 0047-2425 .- 1537-2537. ; 41, s. 208-216 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract In many catchments, anthropogenic input of contaminants, and in particular phosphorus (P), into surface water is a mixture of agricultural and sewage runoff. Knowledge about the relative contribution from each of these sources is vital for mitigation of major environmental problems such as eutrophication. In this study, we investigated whether the distribution of trace elements in surface waters can be used to trace the contamination source. Water from three groups of streams was investigated: streams influenced only by agricultural runoff, streams influenced mainly by sewage runoff, and reference streams. Samples were collected at different flow regimes and times of year and analyzed for 62 elements using ICP-MS. Our results show that there are significant differences between the anthropogenic sources affecting the streams in terms of total element composition and individual elements, indicating that the method has the potential to trace anthropogenic impact on surface waters. The elements that show significant differences between sources are strontium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.004), potassium (p < 0.001), magnesium (p < 0.001), boron (p < 0.001), rhodium (p = 0.001), and barium (p < 0.001). According to this study, barium shows the greatest potential as a tracer for an individual source of anthropogenic input to surface waters. We observed a strong relationship between barium and total P in the investigated samples (R-2 = 0.78), which could potentially be used to apportion anthropogenic sources of P and thereby facilitate targeting of mitigation practices.
12.	Alakangas, Linda J., et al. (författare) Sampling and Characterizing Rare Earth Elements in Groundwater in Deep-Lying Fractures in Granitoids Under In Situ High-Pressure and Low-Redox Conditions 2014 Ingår i: Aquatic geochemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1380-6165 .- 1573-1421. ; 20:4, s. 405-418 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Several countries are preparing to dispose of radioactive nuclear waste deep underground in crystalline rock. This type of bedrock is commonly extensively fractured and consequently carries groundwater that serves as a medium for transporting metals and radionuclides. A group of metals of particular interest in this context is the rare earth elements (REEs), because they are analogues of actinides contained within radioactive waste and are tracers of hydrological pathways and geochemical processes. Concentrations of REEs are commonly low in these groundwaters, leading to values below detection limits of standard monitoring methods, particularly for the heavy REEs. We present a new technical set-up for monitoring REEs (and other trace metals) in groundwater in fractured crystalline rock. The technique consists of passing the fracture groundwater, commonly under high pressure and containing reduced chemical species, through a device that maintains the physicochemical character of the groundwater. Within the device, diffusive gradient in thin-film (DGT) discs are installed in triplicate. With this set-up, we studied REEs in groundwater in fractures at depths of approximately -144, -280, and -450 m in granitoids in the A"spo Hard Rock Laboratory in southern Sweden. The entire REE suite was detected (concentrations down to 0.1 ng L-1) and was differently fractionated among the groundwaters. The shallowest groundwater, composed of dilute modern Baltic Sea water, was enriched in the heavy REEs, whereas the deeper groundwaters, dominated by old saline water, were depleted in the heavy REEs. Deployment periods varying from 1 to 4 weeks delivered similar REE concentrations, indicating stability and reproducibility of the experimental set-up. The study finds that 1 week of deployment may be enough. However, if the overall setting and construction allow for longer deployment times, 2-3 weeks will be optimal in terms of reaching reliable REE concentrations well above the detection limit while maintaining the performance of the DGT samplers.
13.	Andén, M, et al. (författare) Kvalificerat stöd till personer med flerfunktionshinder 2000 Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
14.	Andersson, Björn, 1939, et al. (författare) Att förstå naturen – från vardag till biologi; fyra workshops. Ämnesdidaktik i praktiken nr 2. (110 sidor) 2003 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
15.	Andersson, Björn, 1939, et al. (författare) Discussing a rationale for the design of teaching sequences 2003 Ingår i: Paper presented at the 4th conference of the European Science Education Research Association (ESERA), Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands. Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
16.	Andersson, Björn, 1939, et al. (författare) Discussing a research programme for the improvement of science teaching 2005 Ingår i: Boersma, K. [et al] (eds). Research and the quality of science education. - Dordrecht : Springer. - 1402036728 ; , s. 221-230, s. 221-230 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
17.	Andersson, Björn, 1939, et al. (författare) Ämnesdidaktiska teorier - för undervisning i naturvetenskap. I: Resultatdialog 2006. Forskning inom utbildningsvetenskap (Vetenskapsrådets rapportserie 15:2006), s. 15-20 2006 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
18.	Audet, Joachim, et al. (författare) Forest streams are important sources for nitrous oxide emissions - Nitrous oxide emissions from Swedish streams 2020 Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26, s. 629-641 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Streams and river networks are increasingly recognized as significant sources for the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). N2O is a transformation product of nitrogenous compounds in soil, sediment and water. Agricultural areas are considered a particular hotspot for emissions because of the large input of nitrogen (N) fertilizers applied on arable land. However, there is little information on N2O emissions from forest streams although they constitute a major part of the total stream network globally. Here, we compiled N2O concentration data from low-order streams (~1,000 observations from 172 stream sites) covering a large geographical gradient in Sweden from the temperate to the boreal zone and representing catchments with various degrees of agriculture and forest coverage. Our results showed that agricultural and forest streams had comparable N2O concentrations of 1.6 +/- 2.1 and 1.3 +/- 1.8 mu g N/L, respectively (mean +/- SD) despite higher total N (TN) concentrations in agricultural streams (1,520 +/- 1,640 vs. 780 +/- 600 mu g N/L). Although clear patterns linking N2O concentrations and environmental variables were difficult to discern, the percent saturation of N2O in the streams was positively correlated with stream concentration of TN and negatively correlated with pH. We speculate that the apparent contradiction between lower TN concentration but similar N2O concentrations in forest streams than in agricultural streams is due to the low pH (<6) in forest soils and streams which affects denitrification and yields higher N2O emissions. An estimate of the N2O emission from low-order streams at the national scale revealed that ~1.8 x 10(9) g N2O-N are emitted annually in Sweden, with forest streams contributing about 80% of the total stream emission. Hence, our results provide evidence that forest streams can act as substantial N2O sources in the landscape with 800 x 10(9) g CO2-eq emitted annually in Sweden, equivalent to 25% of the total N2O emissions from the Swedish agricultural sector.
19.	Austeng, Dordi, et al. (författare) Incidence of and risk factors for neonatal morbidity after active perinatal care : extremely preterm infants study in Sweden (EXPRESS) 2010 Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 99:7, s. 978-992 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of neonatal morbidity in extremely preterm infants and to identify associated risk factors. Methods: Population based study of infants born before 27 gestational weeks and admitted for neonatal intensive care in Sweden during 2004-2007. Results: Of 638 admitted infants, 141 died. Among these, life support was withdrawn in 55 infants because of anticipation of poor long-term outcome. Of 497 surviving infants, 10% developed severe intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), 5.7% cystic periventricular leucomalacia (cPVL), 41% septicaemia and 5.8% necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC); 61% had patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 34% developed retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) stage >= 3. Eighty-five per cent needed mechanical ventilation and 25% developed severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Forty-seven per cent survived to one year of age without any severe IVH, cPVL, severe ROP, severe BPD or NEC. Tocolysis increased and prolonged mechanical ventilation decreased the chances of survival without these morbidities. Maternal smoking and higher gestational duration were associated with lower risk of severe ROP, whereas PDA and poor growth increased this risk. Conclusion: Half of the infants surviving extremely preterm birth suffered from severe neonatal morbidities. Studies on how to reduce these morbidities and on the long-term health of survivors are warranted.
20.	Axelsson, Anton, 1981- (författare) Knowledge elicitation as abstraction of purposive behaviour 2019 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Researchers use knowledge elicitation methods to document expert knowledge for the primary purpose of understanding cognitive processes and with this understanding, technical solutions to resolve human factors issues can be produced. This dissertation offers a novel perspective on knowledge elicitation as an abstraction process. Such a theoretical framework has emerged by consolidating the ecological approach of Brunswikian psychology with the ideas of tacit and personal knowledge of Polanyian epistemology. Traditionally, knowledge elicitation has been considered an extraction process in which knowledge can be readily transferred from one individual to another. Here, this traditional position is rejected in favour of Polanyi’s premise that much of the knowledge individuals possess is tacit in nature, which implies that it cannot be documented easily, expressed in explicit form or explained. In this dissertation, knowledge is characterised as a personal process of knowing, highlighting context as a subjective knowledge structure of personal experiences that is formulated implicitly and indirectly over time through a dynamic interaction with the environment. Therefore, tacit knowledge cannot be articulated or shared; however, learners can be inspired by observing other individuals' purposive (i.e., goal-directed) behaviours and thus shape their own tacit knowledge once they practise the observed skills and develop conceptual understanding through reasoning about the learning process. Knowledge elicitation thereby makes use of observations, questions, or more structured process tracing methods in environments familiar to the observed individuals to elicit purposive behaviour from them. Accordingly, functional descriptions can be produced in this process that further conceptual understanding of a particular domain. Knowledge elicitation procedures are a powerful set of methods for reaching such functional descriptions. Moreover, by understanding the resulting knowledge elicitation data as an abstraction derived from multiple collection points in the same environment, the focus shifts from purely subjective mental constructs to the impact of environmental constraints.
21.	Bahnan, Wael, et al. (författare) Spike-Dependent Opsonization Indicates Both Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Phagocytosis and That Non-Neutralizing Antibodies Can Confer Protection to SARS-CoV-2 2022 Ingår i: Frontiers in Immunology. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1664-3224. ; 12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing antibodies. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis is an immune mechanism enhanced by opsonization, where typically, more bound antibodies trigger a stronger phagocyte response. Here, we show that Spike-specific antibodies, dependent on concentration, can either enhance or reduce Spike-bead phagocytosis by monocytes independently of the antibody neutralization potential. Surprisingly, we find that both convalescent patient plasma and patient-derived monoclonal antibodies lead to maximum opsonization already at low levels of bound antibodies and is reduced as antibody binding to Spike protein increases. Moreover, we show that this Spike-dependent modulation of opsonization correlate with the outcome in an experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection model. These results suggest that the levels of anti-Spike antibodies could influence monocyte-mediated immune functions and propose that non-neutralizing antibodies could confer protection to SARS-CoV-2 infection by mediating phagocytosis.
22.	Bergstrand, Martin, 1977-, et al. (författare) Prediction-Corrected Visual Predictive Checks for Diagnosing Nonlinear Mixed-Effects Models 2011 Ingår i: AAPS Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1550-7416. ; 13:2, s. 143-151 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Informative diagnostic tools are vital to the development of useful mixed-effects models. The Visual Predictive Check (VPC) is a popular tool for evaluating the performance of population PK and PKPD models. Ideally, a VPC will diagnose both the fixed and random effects in a mixed-effects model. In many cases, this can be done by comparing different percentiles of the observed data to percentiles of simulated data, generally grouped together within bins of an independent variable. However, the diagnostic value of a VPC can be hampered by binning across a large variability in dose and/or influential covariates. VPCs can also be misleading if applied to data following adaptive designs such as dose adjustments. The prediction-corrected VPC (pcVPC) offers a solution to these problems while retaining the visual interpretation of the traditional VPC. In a pcVPC, the variability coming from binning across independent variables is removed by normalizing the observed and simulated dependent variable based on the typical population prediction for the median independent variable in the bin. The principal benefit with the pcVPC has been explored by application to both simulated and real examples of PK and PKPD models. The investigated examples demonstrate that pcVPCs have an enhanced ability to diagnose model misspecification especially with respect to random effects models in a range of situations. The pcVPC was in contrast to traditional VPCs shown to be readily applicable to data from studies with a priori and/or a posteriori dose adaptations.
23.	Bergström, Anna, et al. (författare) Health system context and implementation of evidence-based practices-development and validation of the Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool for low- and middle-income settings 2015 Ingår i: Implementation Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1748-5908. ; 10 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The gap between what is known and what is practiced results in health service users not benefitting from advances in healthcare, and in unnecessary costs. A supportive context is considered a key element for successful implementation of evidence-based practices (EBP). There were no tools available for the systematic mapping of aspects of organizational context influencing the implementation of EBPs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, this project aimed to develop and psychometrically validate a tool for this purpose. Methods: The development of the Context Assessment for Community Health (COACH) tool was premised on the context dimension in the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, and is a derivative product of the Alberta Context Tool. Its development was undertaken in Bangladesh, Vietnam, Uganda, South Africa and Nicaragua in six phases: (1) defining dimensions and draft tool development, (2) content validity amongst in-country expert panels, (3) content validity amongst international experts, (4) response process validity, (5) translation and (6) evaluation of psychometric properties amongst 690 health workers in the five countries. Results: The tool was validated for use amongst physicians, nurse/midwives and community health workers. The six phases of development resulted in a good fit between the theoretical dimensions of the COACH tool and its psychometric properties. The tool has 49 items measuring eight aspects of context: Resources, Community engagement, Commitment to work, Informal payment, Leadership, Work culture, Monitoring services for action and Sources of knowledge. Conclusions: Aspects of organizational context that were identified as influencing the implementation of EBPs in high-income settings were also found to be relevant in LMICs. However, there were additional aspects of context of relevance in LMICs specifically Resources, Community engagement, Commitment to work and Informal payment. Use of the COACH tool will allow for systematic description of the local healthcare context prior implementing healthcare interventions to allow for tailoring implementation strategies or as part of the evaluation of implementing healthcare interventions and thus allow for deeper insights into the process of implementing EBPs in LMICs.
24.	Björck, Svante, et al. (författare) Multi-proxy analyses of a peat bog on Isla de los Estados, easternmost Tierra del Fuego: a unique record of the variable Southern Hemisphere Westerlies since the last deglaciation 2012 Ingår i: Quaternary Science Reviews. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-3791. ; 42, s. 1-14 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We have analyzed an almost 14,000 year old peat sequence on the island of Isla de los Estados (55 degrees S. 64 degrees W), east of Tierra del Fuego, in the core of the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies. A multitude of methods have been used: high resolution C-14 dating; detailed lithologic descriptions including humification degree; loss on ignition; magnetic susceptibility; bulk density; pollen and spore analysis and determination of Aeolian sand influx. By combining proxies for wind and precipitation we have been able to reconstruct how the westerlies have varied over time in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean. It shows that this westerly wind belt was most intense at the onset of the record, 13,600-13,200 cal BP, coinciding with the mid to late part of the Antarctic Cold Reversal, followed by a gradual decline. At 12,200 cal BP the westerlies seem to have shifted to a position south of Tierra del Fuego and this phase, the calmest and driest period on the island throughout the sequence, ended at 10,000 cal BP when the westerlies moved equatorward again. Since then the westerlies have been present but with a variable impact on the 55 degrees S latitude of the Atlantic. Mostly conditions have been fairly similar to today, but occasionally with a wider or narrower and/or weaker or stronger wind belt. At 7200 cal BP wind intensity began to increase and between 4500 and 3500 cal BP these southern latitudes experienced a distinct wind and precipitation maximum, both in terms of perseverance and intensity. Our results show a both wide and strong wind belt, with possible niveo-aeolian activity in Tierra del Fuego in winter, and possibly creating milder summers around the Antarctic Peninsula. In the later part of the Holocene, expansion contraction phases of the wind belt, especially in winter, seem to have been a common phenomenon. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
25.	Björkstrand, Thomas, et al. (författare) Svenskt teckenspråkslexikon 2010 Annan publikation (mjukvara/multimedium) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
26.	Brandt, Erik G., 1982- (författare) Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Fluid Lipid Membranes 2011 Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Lipid molecules form thin biological membranes that envelop all living cells, and behave as two-dimensional liquid sheets immersed in bulk water. The interactions of such biomembranes with their environment lay the foundation of a plethora of biological processes rooted in the mesoscopic domain - length scales of 1-1000 nm and time scales of 1-1000 ns. Research in this intermediate regime has for a long time been out of reach for conventional experiments, but breakthroughs in computer simulation methods and scattering experimental techniques have made it possible to directly probe static and dynamic properties of biomembranes on these scales. Biomembranes are soft, with a relatively low energy cost of bending, and are thereby influenced by random, thermal fluctuations of individual molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations show how in-plane (density fluctuations) and out-of-plane (undulations) motions are intertwined in the bilayer in the mesoscopic domain. By novel methods, the fluctuation spectra of lipid bilayers can be calculated withdirect Fourier analysis. The interpretation of the fluctuation spectra reveals a picture where density fluctuations and undulations are most pronounced on different length scales, but coalesce in the mesoscopic regime. This analysis has significant consequences for comparison of simulation data to experiments. These new methods merge the molecular fluctuations on small wavelengths, with continuum fluctuations of the elastic membrane sheet on large wavelengths, allowing electron density profiles (EDP) and area per lipid to be extracted from simulations with high accuracy. Molecular dynamics simulations also provide insight on the small-wavelength dynamics of lipid membranes. Rapidly decaying density fluctuations can be described as propagating sound waves in the framework of linearized hydrodynamics, but there is a slow, dispersive, contribution that needs to be described by a stretched exponential over a broad range of length- and time scales - recent experiments suggest that this behavior can prevail even on micrometer length scales. The origin of this behavior is discussed in the context of fluctuations of the bilayer interface and the molecular structure of the bilayer itself. Connections to recent neutron scattering experiments are highlighted.
27.	Calissendorff, Jan, et al. (författare) Long-Term Outcome of Graves' Disease : A Gender Perspective 2023 Ingår i: Women's Health Reports. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 2688-4844. ; 4:1, s. 487-496 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Introduction: In gender-skewed conditions such as Graves' disease (GD), the outcome naturally becomes dominated by the majority. This may lead to gender-biased misunderstandings regarding treatment outcomes. This especially holds true when complications, such as depression, are unevenly distributed. We have, therefore, studied the long-term outcome of GD from a gender perspective.Materials and Methods: A cohort of 1186 patients with GD was included in a follow-up 6-10 years after inclusion. Choice of treatment, the feeling of recovery, long-term treatment, comorbidity, and quality of life were investigated with questionnaires. All results were studied sex-divided.Results: We included 973 women and 213 men. There was no difference between men and women in the choice of treatment. At follow-up, women scored significantly worse in the general questionnaire 36-item Short-Form Health Status (SF-36) domain bodily pain and in the thyroid-specific Thyroid-Related Patient-Reported Outcome (ThyPRO) domains depression, impaired sex life, and cosmetic complaints, all p < 0.05. Women were twice as likely (29.5%) to be treated with levothyroxine after successful treatment with antithyroid drugs (ATD) compared with men (14.9%, p < 0.05).Conclusion: After treatment for GD, women were more affected by depression, impaired sex life, cosmetic issues, and bodily pain despite successful cure of hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was also doubled in women. Whether these observed gender differences reflect a worse outcome of GD in women or a natural consequence of a higher prevalence of these symptoms and autoimmunity in the female population is difficult to disentangle. Nevertheless, several years after GD, women reveal more persistent symptoms.
28.	Campeau, Audrey, et al. (författare) Autumn destabilization of deep porewater CO2 store in a northern peatland driven by turbulent diffusion 2021 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The deep porewater of northern peatlands stores large amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2). This store is viewed as a stable feature in the peatland CO2 cycle. Here, we report large and rapid fluctuations in deep porewater CO2 concentration recurring every autumn over four consecutive years in a boreal peatland. Estimates of the vertical diffusion of heat indicate that CO2 diffusion occurs at the turbulent rather than molecular rate. The weakening of porewater thermal stratification in autumn likely increases turbulent diffusion, thus fostering a rapid diffusion of deeper porewater CO2 towards the surface where net losses occur. This phenomenon periodically decreases the peat porewater CO2 store by between 29 and 90 g C m−2 throughout autumn, which is comparable to the peatland’s annual C-sink. Our results establish the need to consider the role of turbulent diffusion in regularly destabilizing the CO2 store in peat porewater.
29.	Campeau, Audrey, et al. (författare) Current forest carbon fixation fuels stream CO 2 emissions 2019 Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 10:1 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Stream CO 2 emissions contribute significantly to atmospheric climate forcing. While there are strong indications that groundwater inputs sustain these emissions, the specific biogeochemical pathways and timescales involved in this lateral CO 2 export are still obscure. Here, via an extensive radiocarbon ( 14 C) characterisation of CO 2 and DOC in stream water and its groundwater sources in an old-growth boreal forest, we demonstrate that the 14 C-CO 2 is consistently in tune with the current atmospheric 14 C-CO 2 level and shows little association with the 14 C-DOC in the same waters. Our findings thus indicate that stream CO 2 emissions act as a shortcut that returns CO 2 recently fixed by the forest vegetation to the atmosphere. Our results expose a positive feedback mechanism within the C budget of forested catchments, where stream CO 2 emissions will be highly sensitive to changes in forest C allocation patterns associated with climate and land-use changes. © 2019, The Author(s).
30.	Carlsson, Mats, 1965-, et al. (författare) Development of a terminology management system for the Swedish healthcare sector 1996 Ingår i: Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, Volume 34. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. ; , s. 232-235 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract This paper describes the ongoing work of creating and building a Swedish national terminology database. The terminology management system herein is a prototype, built in ACCESS™. Still it addresses some important issues concerning terminology management such as the data model used for representing concepts and terms, and multiple inheritance is discussed in relation to relational databases.
31.	Carlström, Johan, 1981- (författare) Vortex-matter in Multi-component Superconductors 2012 Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract The topic of this thesis is vortex-physics in multi component Ginzburg- Landau models. These models describe a newly discovered class of supercon- ductors with multiple superconducting gaps, and posses many properties that set them apart from single component models. The work presented here relies on large scale computer simulations using various numerical techniques, but also some analytical methods.In Paper I, Type-1.5 Superconducting State from an Intrinsic Proximity Effect in Two-Band Superconductors, we show that in multiband supercon- ductors, even an extremely small interband proximity effect can lead to a qualitative change in the interaction potential between superconducting vor- tices by producing long-range intervortex attraction. This type of vortex interaction results in an unusual response to low magnetic fields, leading to phase separation into domains of two-component Meissner states and vortex droplets.In paper II, Type-1.5 superconductivity in multiband systems: Effects of interband couplings, we investigate the appearance of Type-1.5 superconduc- tivity in the case with two active bands and substantial inter-band couplings. such as intrinsic Josephson coupling, mixed gradient coupling, and density- density interactions. We show that in the presence of these interactions, the system supports type-1.5 superconductivity with fundamental length scales being associated with the mass of the gauge field and two masses of normal modes represented by mixed combinations of the density fields.In paper III, Semi-Meissner state and nonpairwise intervortex interactions in type-1.5 superconductors, we demonstrate the existence of nonpairwise in- teraction forces between vortices in multicomponent and layered supercon- ducting systems. Next, we consider the properties of vortex clusters in a semi-Meissner state of type-1.5 two-component superconductors. We show that under certain conditions nonpairwise forces can contribute to the forma- tion of very complex vortex states in type-1.5 regimes.In paper IV, Length scales, collective modes, and type-1.5 regimes in three- band superconductors, we consider systems where frustration in phase differ- ences occur due to competing Josephson inter-band coupling terms. We show that gradients of densities and phase differences can be inextricably inter- twined in vortex excitations in three-band models. This can lead to very long-range attractive intervortex interactions and the appearance of type-1.5 regimes even when the intercomponent Josephson coupling is large. We also show that field-induced vortices can lead to a change of broken symmetry from U (1) to U (1) × Z2 in the system. In the type-1.5 regime, it results in a semi-Meissner state where the system has a macroscopic phase separation in domainswithbrokenU(1)andU(1)×Z2 symmetries.In paper V, Topological Solitons in Three-Band Superconductors with Bro- ken Time Reversal Symmetry, we show that three-band superconductors with broken time reversal symmetry allow magnetic flux- carrying stable topolog- ical solitons. They can be induced by fluctuations or quenching the system through a phase transition. It can provide an experimental signature of the time reversal symmetry breakdown.
32.	Chowdhury, Sohini Roy, et al. (författare) Machine Learning Models for Road Surface and Friction Estimation using Front-Camera Images 2018 Ingår i: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). - 2161-4407. - 9781509060146 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract Automotive active safety systems can significantly benefit from real-time road friction estimates (RFE) by adapting driving styles, specific to the road conditions. This work presents a 2-stage approach for indirect RFE estimation using front-view camera images captured from vehicles. In stage-1, onvolutional neural network model architectures are implemented to learn region-specific features for road surface condition (RSC) classification. Texture-based features from the drivable surface, sky and surroundings are found to be separate regions of interest for dry, wet/water, slush and now/ice RSC classification. In stage-2, a rule-based model that relies on domain-specific guidelines is implemented to segment the ego-lane drivable surface into [5x3] patches, followed by patch classification and quantization to separate images with high, medium and low RFE. The proposed method achieves average accuracy of 97% for RSC classification in stage-1 and 89% for RFE classification in stage-2, respectively. The 2-stage models are trained using publicly available data sets to enable benchmarking
33.	Collentine, Dennis, et al. (författare) Developing catchment level measures to reduce eutrophication : The crop rotation coefficient calculator in the DSS FyrisCOST 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
34.	Collentine, Dennis, et al. (författare) Development of cost effective nitrogen management strategies : Scenario evaluation with the DSS FyrisCOST 2012 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
35.	Collentine, Dennis, et al. (författare) Development of cost effective nitrogen management strategies : Scenario evaluation with the DSS FyrisCOST 2011 Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
36.	Díaz-García, César, et al. (författare) First report on fertility after allogeneic uterus transplantation. 2010 Ingår i: Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 1600-0412 .- 0001-6349. ; 89:11, s. 1491-4 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Uterus transplantation may become the first available treatment for uterine factor infertility, which is due to the absence or malfunction of the uterus. Here we describe for the first time pregnancy after allogeneic uterus transplantation, as a proof of concept of uterine function in a transplanted uterus in a standardized animal model (rat) under immunosuppression.
37.	Diaz-Mendez, Rogelio, et al. (författare) Phase-change switching in 2D via soft interactions 2019 Ingår i: Soft Matter. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 1744-683X .- 1744-6848. ; 15:3, s. 355-358 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract We present a new type of phase-change behavior relevant for information storage applications, that can be observed in 2D systems with cluster-forming ability. The temperature-based control of the ordering in 2D particle systems depends on the existence of a crystal-to-glass transition. We perform molecular dynamics simulations of models with soft interactions, demonstrating that the crystalline and amorphous structures can be easily tuned by heat pulses. The physical mechanism responsible for this behavior is a self-assembled polydispersity, that depends on the cluster-forming ability of the interactions. Therefore, the range of real materials that can perform such a transition is very wide in nature, ranging from colloidal suspensions to vortex matter. The state of the art in soft matter experimental setups, controlling interactions, polydispersity and dimensionality, makes it a very fertile ground for practical applications.
38.	Diaz-Mendez, Rogelio, et al. (författare) Scaling of the magnetic permeability at the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition from Coulomb gas simulations 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Statistical Mechanics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-5468. ; 2018:12 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A new approach to the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition in the two-dimensional Coulomb gas model is explored by Monte Carlo simulation and finite size scaling. The usual mapping of a neutral two-dimensional superconductor in zero magnetic field to a Coulomb gas leads to an unscreened logarithmic interaction between the vortices, and with periodic boundary conditions vortex configurations are always vorticity neutral with an equal number of plus and minus vortices. We demonstrate that relaxing the neutrality condition has certain advantages. It leads to non-neutral vortex configurations that can appear in real systems with open boundary conditions and permits calculation of the compressibility, which for thin film superconductors corresponds to the magnetic permeability. The vortex-number fluctuation has remarkable scaling properties at and below the Berezinskii–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition. The fugacity variable becomes dangerously irrelevant in the low-temperature phase and leads to a multiplicative scaling correction to the mean-square vortex-number fluctuation and to the magnetic permeability. This multiplicative correction strongly affects the scaling properties of the vorticity fluctuation at and below the transition. Consequences of these findings are demonstrated using Monte Carlo simulations. Inclusion of the next-higher order correction to scaling is found to play an important role in the analysis of numerical data for the vortex number fluctuation and permits accurate determination of the critical properties.
39.	Djodjic, Faruk, et al. (författare) Förslag till vidareutveckling av bedömningsgrunder för fosfor i vattendrag : Reviderad bakgrundshalt för jordbruksmark 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Enligt Bedömningsgrunder för sjöar och vattendrag beräknas referensvärdet för totalfosfor i jordbrukspåverkade vattendrag (>10% jordbruksmark i avrinningsområdet) som ett areaviktat medelvärde av halva bakgrundshalten för jordbruksmark respektive övrig mark. Bakgrundshalten för jordbruksmark baserar sig på PLC5-beräkningarna som redovisar olika bakgrundstyphalt beroende på jordart, region, lutning och fosforhalt i marken. Ovan nämnda metodik har vidareutvecklats för att bli mer tillämpbar och användarvänlig. Denna vidareutveckling omfattar: Att ersätta lutnings- och mark-P klasser med diskreta värden för lutning respektive P-halt i jordbruksmark med hjälp av regressionsekvationer. Detta innebär högre upplösning i skalan samt rimligare värden i många av landets 22 läckageregioner. Att ersätta P-halten i matjorden med P-halten i alven (40-60 cm) vid beräkning av bakgrundshalt för P från jordbruksmark. Eftersom det antas att ingen fosforanriktning från gödsling sker under 40 cm så ger detta ett rimligare värde på bakgrundshalten i jordbruksmark. Ett PC-baserat verktyg har tagits fram där man via kartgränssnitt steg för steg kan välja utlakningsregion, jordart, lutning och bakgrundshalt för P i marken för att automatiskt få beräkning av bakgrundshalt för fosforläckage från jordbruksmark. Den halveringsfaktor som idag ingår i ekvationen för beräkning av referensvärdet för fosfor för vattendrag bör utredas närmare och ersättas med rimligare metodik. Halveringsfaktorn innebär att referensvärdet för områden med jordbruksmark i vissa fall blir lägre en motsvarande referensvärde beräknat med modellen för skogslandskapet vilket inte är rimligt. Halveringsfaktorn är tänkt att kompensera för den fosforretention som sker från rotzon/fältkant till vattendrag och sjöar. Men en närmare utredning bör se över om denna faktor överhuvudtaget behövs för mindre vattendrag uppströms sjöar samt om retentionen kan tas fram via källfördelningsmodellering eller skattas med enklare metodik. För att kunna sätta ett rimligt referensvärde för jordbrukspåverkade sjöar behöver nuvarande metodik i Bedömningsgrunderna ses över. Om man med ovan nämnd metodik för vattendrag kan beräkna ett referensvärde för fosfor i vattendrag så kan man också beräkna bakgrundsbelastningen på sjöar. Det behövs således en metodik att skatta fosforretentionen i sjöar för att kunna beräkna ett sjöspecifikt referensvärde för fosfor.
40.	Djodjic, Faruk, et al. (författare) Kalibrering och validering av jordbruksläckagekoefficienter och beräkning av retention i små sjölösa områden 2010 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract De svenska PLC-beräkningarna av näringsämnesbelastning från jordbruksmark är baserade på läckagekoefficienter som är framtagna med NLeCCS systemet med ingående modellerna SOILNDB (för kväve) och ICECREAMDB (för fosfor) samt verktyg för växtföljdsgenerering och för beräkning av läckagekoefficienter. Dessa beräkningar utförs för en upplösning motsvarande ett fält. Utifrån dessa läckage-koefficienter beräknas enligt PLC5-metodiken arealviktade läckagehalter för varje delavrinningsområde där rådande grödfördelningen (för ett specifikt år) används tillsammans med delavrinningsområdesspecifika uppgifter om dominerande jordart, tillhörighet till produktionsområde, lutning (enbart fosfor) och fosforhalt (enbart fosfor). Genom att testa läckagehaltsberäkningarna i jordbruksdominerade små, sjölösa avrinningsområden kan både läckagekoefficienter och indata till läckagehaltsberäkningarna utvärderas. Därför har vi inom ramen för detta projekt testat och utvärderat läckagekoefficienter och arealviktade läckagehalter i sju små avrinningsområden som domineras av jordbruksmark och där jordbruket är den största bidragande källan till näringsämnesförluster. Detta gjordes genom tillämpning av källfördelningsmodellering i ovan nämnda små avrinningsområden där två huvudscenarier simulerades. I det första scenariot utnyttjades samma indata som användes i respektive område vid PLC5-beräkningarna. I det andra scenariot togs alla tillgängliga lokala data fram för att försöka förbättra indata med avseende på jordartsfördelning, fosforhalter i marken, lutning, odlingsdata mm. Ytterligare två scenarier modellerades i de fall där enbart anpassning till bättre lokala indata inte kunde förklara avvikelser mellan uppmätta och modellerade värden. I dessa scenarier ändrades även läckagekoefficienterna genom att nya läckagekoefficienter togs fram antingen från NLeCCS genom bättre anpassad växtföljd, eller genom omkörning av ICECREAMDB-modellen. Både kväve och fosfor modellerades med FyrisNP-modellen och resultaten jämfördes med uppmätta halter och transporter. Modelleringsperiod var nio och ett halvt år med ett tidssteg på en vecka vilket harmoniserar med kalibreringsdata från befintliga miljöövervakningsprogram. Generellt visar resultat i detta projekt att arealviktade läckagehalter fram-räknade utifrån läckagekoefficienter kan beskriva transporter av näringsämnen på ett tillfredställande sätt, oftast dock först efter att hänsyn tagits till lokala för-hållanden. Med tanke på vald skala kan man också konstatera att vissa avvikelser är en logisk konsekvens av den valda metodiken med läckagekoefficienter som representerar ett årsmedelvärde. I vissa fall visade det sig också att rimliga förklaringar för de avvikande resultaten ibland saknas, och att en djupare förståelse av styrande processer är nödvändigt innan vi ens på ett konceptuellt sätt kan förbättra modellerna.Retentionsberäkningar ingick också i modelleringen där framförallt fosfor-retention mellan fältets kant och vattendragen är intressant eftersom hänsyn inte tagits till dessa processer vid PLC5-beräkningar. Även om en viss relation mellan fosforretention och områdens storlek framträder i modelleringar så är underlaget 7för litet för att kunna ge generella rekommendationer för de nationella beräkningarna. Eftersom rimliga resultat kunde uppnås i de flesta fall med tämligen enkla anpassningar och förbättringar av indata anser vi att den tillämpade metodiken kan vara ett sätt att validera erhållna läckagekoefficienter från fältmodellerna i ett tidigt stadium innan de används för nationella beräkningar. Därför föreslår vi att detta steg inkorporeras i kommande PLC-beräkningar som en extra utvärdering och justering av framtagna läckagekoefficienter innan de används för de nationella beräkningarna
41.	Ejhed, Helene, et al. (författare) Bruttobelastning på vatten av metaller från punktkällor och diffusa källor - slutrapport 2010 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Denna rapport omfattar redovisningar av beräkningar av bruttobelastning av metallerna Zn, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb och Hg från diffusa källor och punktkällor geografiskt fördelat för hela Sverige. De diffusa källor som ingår är läckage från all markanvändning med klasserna: skog, hygge, övrig mark, fjäll, våtmark, vatten (öppen sjöyta) och tätort. Punktkällor som ingår är: samtliga i EMIR registrerade utsläpp till vatten och grundvatten gällande år 2007, kommunala reningsverk (KARV) utsläpp gällande år 2008 eller senast tillgängligt år, utsläpp enligt E-PRTR utgör en delmängd av EMIR utsläpp, nedlagda gruvdeponier (ej i EMIR) har sammanställts från länsstryrelse rapporter samt beräknade utsläpp från enskilda avlopp. Rapporten omfattar utförlig beskrivning av underlag till beräkningarna och svagheter i underlagen, diskussioner om skillnader mot uppmätt transport i flodmynningarna och förslag till vidareutveckling och förbättring av underlag. Resultaten för industrier, som presenteras nedan, avser samtliga punktkällor utom KARV och enskilda avlopp. Resultaten har tagits fram för internationell rapportering till EEA (Europeiska miljöbyrån) sammanställt per vattendistrikt. Det har varit uppenbart liksom i tidigare sammanställningar att det saknas dataunderlag för många källor och att osäkerheterna därför blir mycket stora i det sammanlagda resultatet. Rapporten inkluderar förslag till vidareutveckling och förbättring av underlag för att förbättra resultaten och inkludera, till exempel, avskiljning av metaller under transport från källan till havet.Modellerade bruttobelastningen har gett resultat som är av samma storleksordning som uppmätt transport i flodmynningarna, vilket innebär att de största källorna troligen finns inkluderade i datamaterialet. Det finns dock konstaterade mörkertal för ett flertal källor, varav avfallsdeponier, utlakning från båtbottenfärger, färg och rostskydd, utsläpp från icke-rapporterande verksamheter samt återcirkulation från sediment kan vara stora.Följande resultat i urval har beräknats i detta projekt:· För samtliga metaller står de diffusa källorna för merparten av den totala bruttobelastningen, för Cd, Cu och Hg mer än 80 % och för Pb och Ni mer än 90 %.· För Cd, Pb och Hg har läckage från skog och hygge samt depositionen på sjöyta beräknats vara de dominerande källorna.· För Hg är bidragen från övrig mark och dagvatten i tätort också betydande.· För Cu är skog och hygge den största källan, men övriga diffusa källor fördelas ungefär lika.· Ni har störst belastning från skog och hygge samt från jordbruksmark.· Zn har något lägre bidrag från diffusa källor, ca 77 % av totala bruttobelastningen relativt jämnt fördelat mellan de diffusa källorna.· 20 % av den totala bruttobelastningen av Zn har beräknats komma från industrier.· Av punktkällorna är industri den klart största källan till Cd och Pb (mer än 90 %) medan för Cu fördelas punktkällorna mer jämt mellan KARV och industri (cirka 30 respektive 60 %).Det finns skillnader mellan uppmätta transporter och beräknade resultat, både totalt och mellan de olika metallerna. Följande skillnader i urval har konstaterats:· Bruttobelastningen har beräknats vara generellt högre i förhållande till medelvärde av flodmynningstransporten i södra Sverige med några undantag, vilket kan bero på att metaller kan avskiljas vid transport från källorna till flodmynningarna (retention).· Bruttobelastningen har beräknats vara generellt låg i förhållande till medelvärde av flodmynningstransporten i norra Sverige, vilket kan bero på för låga beräknade läckagehalter.· Cu och Ni belastningarna har beräknats vara låga speciellt i norra Sverige, vilket kan bero på låga beräknade läckagehalter för markanvändningen skog, hygge och övrig mark eller på låga beräknade halter av jordbruksmark.Fördelning mellan bakgrund och antropogent har inte vara möjlig att beräkna med tillgängliga underlag i projektet. På grund av processer som kan äga rum i de antropogent påverkade markanvändningarna, jordbruksmark och skog samt hygge och påverkan av deposition av metaller och surt regn på samtlig markanvändning, så är den antropogena påverkan svår att tolka. Ytterligare utredning är nödvändig innan resultat kan presenteras för alla källor. Dock har samtliga punktkällor och diffus belastning från tätorter och väg samt deposition konstaterats domineras av antropogent ursprung i denna rapport.Förslag till vidareutveckling och förbättring av underlag:· Utredning av avvikelser jämfört med uppmätt transport.· Utveckling av beräkningar av retention för metaller.· Tillägg av saknade källor, till exempel Cu i båtbottenfärg.· Utredning av fördelning mellan antropogen belastning och bakgrund för de diffusa källorna till metaller.· Förbättring av underlagsmaterialet för läckagehalter (mätningar i jordbruks-, fjäll- och våtmarksområden) och deposition.
42.	Ekblom-Bak, Elin, et al. (författare) Sex- and age-specific association between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality 2019 Ingår i: Europrevent Annual meeting, Lisbon, April, 11-13, 2019. Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
43.	Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al. (författare) Sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality in 266.109 adults 2019 Ingår i: Preventive Medicine. - : Elsevier BV. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 127 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The aim was to investigate sex- and age-specific associations between cardiorespiratory fitness, all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity. 266.109 participants (47% women, 18-74 years) free from CVD, participating in occupational health service screenings in 1995-2015 were included. CRF was assessed as estimated maximal oxygen consumption (estVO(2)max) using a submaximal cycle test. Incident cases of first-time CVD event and death from any cause were ascertained through national registers. There were 4244 CVD events and 2750 cases of all-cause mortality during mean 7.6 years follow-up. Male gender, higher age and lower estVO(2)max were associated with higher all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity incidence rates. Risk reductions with increasing estVO(2)max were present in all age-groups of men and women. No obvious levelling off in risk was identified in the total cohort. However, women and older age-groups showed no further reduction in higher aggregated estVO(2)max levels. CVD specific mortality was more associated with estVO(2)max compared to tumor specific mortality. The risk for all-cause mortality and CVD morbidity decreased by 2.3% and 2.6% per increase in 1 ml.min(-) (1).kg(-1) with no significant sex-differences but more pronounced in the three lower estVO(2)max categories for all-cause mortality (9.1%, 3.8% and 3.3%, respectively). High compared to lower levels of estVO(2)max was not related to a significantly elevated mortality or morbidity. In this large cohort study, CVD morbidity and all-cause mortality were inversely related to estVO(2)max in both men and women of all age-groups. Increasing cardiorespiratory fitness is a clear public health priority.
44.	Ekblom, Maria, 1974-, et al. (författare) Device-Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity and Aerobic Fitness Are Independent Correlates of Cognitive Performance in Healthy Middle-Aged Adults-Results from the SCAPIS Pilot Study. 2019 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 16:24 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract High aerobic fitness, more moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and less sedentary behavior (SED) have all been suggested to promote cognitive functions, but it is unclear whether they are independent predictors of specific cognitive domains. This study aimed to investigate to what extent aerobic fitness MVPA and SED are independently associated with cognitive performance among middle-aged Swedish adults. We acquired device-based measures of aerobic fitness, cognitive performance and percent daily time spent in MVPA and SED in Swedish adults (n = 216; 54-66 years old). Aerobic fitness was associated with better performance at one out of two tests of speed/attention and one out of four tests of executive attention, and with worse performance at one of seven tests of memory. Increasing %MVPA was associated with better performance at one out of seven tests of memory and two out of three tests of verbal ability, whereas increasing %SED was associated with better performance at all four tests of executive attention and four out of seven tests of memory. These findings suggest that aerobic fitness, %MVPA and %SED are partly independent correlates of cognitive performance. To fully understand the association between SED and performance at several tests of cognitive function, future investigations might attempt to investigate intellectually engaging SED (such as reading books) separately from mentally undemanding SED (such as watching TV).
45.	Eriksson, Jens, et al. (författare) Characterization of motility and piliation in pathogenic Neisseria 2015 Ingår i: BMC Microbiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2180. ; 15 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: The type IV pili (Tfp) of pathogenic Neisseria (i. e., N. gonorrhoeae and N. meningitidis) are essential for twitching motility. Tfp retraction, which is dependent on the ATPase PilT, generates the forces that move bacteria over surfaces. Neisseria motility has mainly been studied in N. gonorrhoeae whereas the motility of N. meningitidis has not yet been characterized. Results: In this work, we analyzed bacterial motility and monitored Tfp retraction using live- cell imaging of freely moving bacteria. We observed that N. meningitidis moved over surfaces at an approximate speed of 1.6 mu m/s, whereas N. gonorrhoeae moved with a lower speed (1.0 mu/s). An alignment of the meningococcal and gonococcal pilT promoters revealed a conserved single base pair variation in the -10 promoter element that influence PilT expression. By tracking mutants with altered pilT expression or pilE sequence, we concluded that the difference in motility speed was independent of both. Live-cell imaging using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy demonstrated that N. gonorrhoeae more often moved with fewer visible retracting filaments when compared to N. meningitidis. Correspondingly, meningococci also displayed a higher level of piliation in transmission electron microscopy. Nevertheless, motile gonococci that had the same number of filaments as N. meningitidis still moved with a lower speed. Conclusions: These data reveal differences in both speed and piliation between the pathogenic Neisseria species during twitching motility, suggesting a difference in Tfp-dynamics.
46.	Eriksson, Jens, et al. (författare) Characterization of motility and piliation in pathogenic Neisseria Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
47.	Eriksson, Jens, 1980-, et al. (författare) Difference in twitching motility between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and its relation to pilus dynamics Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseria, i. e. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis, are essential for initial attachment to host cells, induction of signal transduction cascades and disease development. A characteristic feature of type IV pili is their ability to retract, which generates forces that move bacteria over surfaces. However, the relation between bacterial motility and pilus dynamics remains poorly understood. In this work we analyzed bacterial motility and monitored movement of fluorescently labeled pili by live cell imaging. We found that movement of N. meningitidis occurred at higher speed and with a larger number of retracting pili than for N. gonorrhoeae. Analysis of time-lapse images suggested that N. gonorrhoeae most often moved using one retracting pilus, whereas N. meningitidis most often used four pili. There were no differences in the membrane distribution of PilT among strains. However, we found significantly higher levels of PilT in N. gonorrhoeae than in N. meningitidis. This produces a higher retraction probability, which could contribute to explaining the lower number of pili observed in N. gonorrhoeae. Finally, we propose a mechanism for how the speed of bacterial movement on a surface depends on the number of retracting pili.
48.	Eriksson, Leif, et al. (författare) Evidence-based practice in neonatal health : knowledge among primary health care staff in northern Viet Nam 2009 Ingår i: Human Resources for Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-4491. ; 7, s. 36- Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: An estimated four million deaths occur each year among children in the neonatal period. Current evidence-based interventions could prevent a large proportion of these deaths. However, health care workers involved in neonatal care need to have knowledge regarding such practices before being able to put them into action.The aim of this survey was to assess the knowledge of primary health care practitioners regarding basic, evidence-based procedures in neonatal care in a Vietnamese province. A further aim was to investigate whether differences in level of knowledge were linked to certain characteristics of community health centres, such as access to national guidelines in reproductive health care, number of assisted deliveries and geographical location. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was completed within a baseline study preparing for an intervention study on knowledge translation (Implementing knowledge into practice for improved neonatal survival: a community-based trial in Quang Ninh province, Viet Nam, the NeoKIP project, ISRCTN44599712). Sixteen multiple-choice questions from five basic areas of evidence-based practice in neonatal care were distributed to 155 community health centres in 12 districts in a Vietnamese province, reaching 412 primary health care workers. RESULTS: All health care workers approached for the survey responded. Overall, they achieved 60% of the maximum score of the questionnaire. Staff level of knowledge on evidence-based practice was linked to the geographical location of the CHC, but not to access to the national guidelines or the number of deliveries at the community level. Two separated geographical areas were identified with differences in staff level of knowledge and concurrent differences in neonatal survival, antenatal care and postnatal home visits. CONCLUSION: We have identified a complex pattern of associations between knowledge, geography, demographic factors and neonatal outcomes. Primary health care staff knowledge regarding neonatal health is scarce. This is a factor that is possible to influence and should be considered in future efforts for improving the neonatal health situation in Viet Nam.
49.	Eriksson, Leif, et al. (författare) Lessons learned from stakeholders in a facilitation intervention targeting neonatal health in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam 2013 Ingår i: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2393 .- 1471-2393. ; 13 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract BACKGROUND: In northern Vietnam the Neonatal health - Knowledge Into Practice (NeoKIP, Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN44599712) trial has evaluated facilitation as a knowledge translation intervention to improve neonatal survival. The results demonstrated that intervention sites, each having an assigned group including local stakeholders supported by a facilitator, lowered the neonatal mortality rate by 50% during the last intervention year compared with control sites. This process evaluation was conducted to identify and describe mechanisms of the NeoKIP intervention based on experiences of facilitators and intervention group members.METHODS: Four focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with all facilitators at different occasions and 12 FGDs with 6 intervention groups at 2 occasions. Fifteen FGDs were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analysed using thematic analysis.RESULTS: Four themes and 17 sub-themes emerged from the 3 FGDs with facilitators, and 5 themes and 18 sub-themes were identified from the 12 FGDs with the intervention groups mirroring the process of, and the barriers to, the intervention. Facilitators and intervention group members concurred that having groups representing various organisations was beneficial. Facilitators were considered important in assembling the groups. The facilitators functioned best if coming from the same geographical area as the groups and if they were able to come to terms with the chair of the groups. However, the facilitators' lack of health knowledge was regarded as a deficit for assisting the groups' assignments. FGD participants experienced the NeoKIP intervention to have impact on the knowledge and behaviour of both intervention group members and the general public, however, they found that the intervention was a slow and time-consuming process. Perceived facilitation barriers were lack of money, inadequate support, and the function of the intervention groups.CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative process evaluation contributes to explain the improved neonatal survival and why this occurred after a latent period in the NeoKIP project. The used knowledge translation intervention, where facilitators supported multi-stakeholder coalitions with the mandate to impact upon attitudes and behaviour in the communes, has low costs and potential for being scaled-up within existing healthcare systems.
50.	Eriksson, Leif, 1971-, et al. (författare) Secular trend, seasonality and effects of a community-based intervention on neonatal mortality : follow-up of a cluster-randomised trial in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam 2018 Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 72:9, s. 776-782 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Background: Little is know about whether the effects of community engagement interventions for child survival in low-income and middle-income settings are sustained. Seasonal variation and secular trend may blur the data. Neonatal mortality was reduced in a cluster-randomised trial in Vietnam where laywomen facilitated groups composed of local stakeholders employing a problem-solving approach for 3 years. In this analysis, we aim at disentangling the secular trend, the seasonal variation and the effect of the intervention on neonatal mortality during and after the trial.Methods: In Quang Ninh province, 44 communes were allocated to intervention and 46 to control. Births and neonatal deaths were assessed in a baseline survey in 2005, monitored during the trial in 2008–2011 and followed up by a survey in 2014. Time series analyses were performed on monthly neonatal mortality data.Results: There were 30 187 live births and 480 neonatal deaths. The intervention reduced the neonatal mortality from 19.1 to 11.6 per 1000 live births. The reduction was sustained 3 years after the trial. The control areas reached a similar level at the time of follow-up. Time series decomposition analysis revealed a downward trend in the intervention areas during the trial that was not found in the control areas. Neonatal mortality peaked in the hot and wet summers.Conclusions: A community engagement intervention resulted in a lower neonatal mortality rate that was sustained but not further reduced after the end of the trial. When decomposing time series of neonatal mortality, a clear downward trend was demonstrated in intervention but not in control areas.Trial registration number: ISRCTN44599712, Post-results.

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