| 1. |
- Athanassiadis, Dimitris, et al.
(författare)
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Technological and economic barriers to introduce and apply innovations in forest energy sector
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report presents results from three studies done within the Work Package 6 (Technology foresight and barriers of innovation) of the EU FP7 project INFRES. The aims of the studies were to 1) identify and rank the criteria that forest machine manufacturing companies are using to measure the success/failure of an innovation, 2) identify barriers that forest machine manufacturing companies are facing and find out how these barriers are tackled and 3) identify and discuss innovations that have been successful in the forest energy sector and innovations that were not successful and the reasons for that. In the first study, different forest technology manufacturers were asked to rank a number of criteria that determine the success of an innovation. The second study also included forest technology manufacturers answering a questionnaire about barriers and drivers for innovation. In the third study forest technology experts from all of Europe were asked to comment on 10 important innovations and also suggest if these innovations were a success or a failure in their regions. The results from study 1 revealed that manufacturers point out criteria that are related to customer relations, i.e. customer satisfaction, product performance level and meeting quality guidelines as the most important. Company benefit measures (e.g. growth of demand of the products of the company) also seemed to be prioritized. However, the answers differed among companies and more studies will be needed in order to see if company size, number of products on the market and other factors may affect the answers here. In study 2, the most important barriers were lack of financing, especially for new high‐risk projects. This is further supported by the fact that the forest technology sector is a small market and that development costs are high. Lack of skilled engineers was occasionally seen as a barrier as well. The answers regarding solutions to barriers suggest that the most important solution seem to be collaborations with customers, both to get a feel for what customers want, but also to better introduce new technology in a sometimes conservative market. Furthermore, collaborations with universities and research institutes will become more important as those will help unlock additional funding for development of innovations. However, drivers for innovations were often tied to competitiveness (to stay on top, offer the best products, being one step ahead of competitors), but there was also a few who felt rather passionate about innovation in general, so a genuine interest in product development seem to be an important driver as well. In study 3, some past innovations were evaluated and several issues were raised as key factors in the success: productivity, investment, flexibility, maintenance, suitable environment, competition, marketing or conservatism. Innovations that increased productivity of the operations, reduced the cost and were flexible (can work in most conditions) were identified as successful. On the other hand innovations that are poorly marketed, require complicated logistics, can only be used in specific conditions and have a low productivity were considered as a failure.
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| 2. |
- Hetta, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of nutritive values, morphology and agronomic characteristics in forage maize using two applications of NIRS spectrometry
- 2017
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Ingår i: Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Soil and Plant Science. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0906-4710 .- 1651-1913. ; 67, s. 326-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluates nutritive, morphological and agronomic characteristics of forage maize predicted by using a high-quality near-infrared (NIR) spectrometer and an NIR hyperspectralimaging technique using partial least squares (PLS) regression models. The study includes 132 samples of dried milled whole-plant homogenates of forage maize with variation in maturity, representing two growing seasons, three locations in Sweden and three commercial maize hybrids. The samples were measured by a classical sample cup NIR spectrometer and by a pushbroom hyperspectral-imaging instrument. The spectra and a number of variables (crude protein, CP, neutral detergent fibre, starch, water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and organic matter digestibility), morphological variables (leaves, stems & ears) and crop yield were used to make PLS calibration models. Using PLS modelling allowed the determination of how well maize variables can be predicted from NIR spectra and a comparison of the two types of instruments. Most examined variables could be determined equally well, by both instruments, but the pushbroom technique gave slightly better predictions and had higher analytical capacity. Predictions of CP, starch, WSC and the proportions of ears in the maize gave robust. The findings open new possibilities to further utilise the technology in plant breeding, crop management, modelling and forage evaluation.
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| 3. |
- Latif, Saira, et al.
(författare)
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Bale Collection Path Planning Using an Autonomous Vehicle with Neighborhood Collection Capabilities
- 2022
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Ingår i: Agriculture. - : MDPI. - 2077-0472. ; 12:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This research was mainly focused on the evaluation of path planning approaches as a prerequisite for the automation of bale collection operations. A comparison between a traditional bale collection path planning approach using traditional vehicles such as tractors, and loaders with an optimized path planning approach using a new autonomous articulated concept vehicle with neighborhood reach capabilities (AVN) was carried out. Furthermore, the effects of carrying capacity on reduction in the working distance of the bale collection operation was also studied. It was concluded that the optimized path planning approach using AVN with increased carrying capacity significantly reduced the working distance for the bale collection operation and can thus improve agricultural sustainability, particularly within forage handling.
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| 4. |
- Latif, Saira, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges and Opportunities for Automation of Agricultural Vehicles in Sweden
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems and 9th Americas Conference of the International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems (ISTVS 2021). - : International Society for Terrain-Vehicle Systems. ; , s. 313-324
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish agriculture has gone through many changes over past years in terms of production, working methods, technology and use of natural resources. To achieve its vision of 2030, Swedish agricultural is rapidly transforming into more and more digitized and automated alternatives and the objective for the research presented in this paper was to identify challenges and opportunities by using automated agricultural vehicles. Data was collected through a survey and review of scientific literature and official reports. The current use and level of automation in Swedish agriculture was studied as well as aspects of productivity, profitability, ergonomics and sustainability by use of regular agricultural vehicles and farming practices. Furthermore, key challenges and opportunities related to automation of agricultural vehicles were further identified. It was found that farmers foresee several areas where automated agricultural vehicles could add value in their production (improved productivity, work environment, environmental impact etc.). However, to utilize these values, there are several challenges identified including technology readiness levels, security, responsibility distribution etc. By overcoming these challenges, it is plausible that the sustainability of agricultural operations with vehicles involved could be significantly improved through automation.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Nordfjell, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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En intervjustudie om strategi och utmaningar vid utveckling av specialiserad drivningsteknik för skogsenergiskörd
- 2014
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Personer från fyra intervjuade grupper (företagare, politiker, investerare och forskare) har gett sin syn på potentialen för olika skogliga energisortiment samt hinder och nödvändiga förbättringar för att användandet av skoglig biomassa för energiändamål skall öka. Totalt har 91 fullständiga telefonintervjuer på 15-30 minuter ingått i studien. Personerna inom varje grupp har också svarat på gruppspecifika frågor. De största biomassapotentialerna anses finnas som grot, men potentialen för sortimentet klenskog anses nästan lika stort. Även stubbar anses vara en stor potential, men samtidigt förknippat med en rad problem som miljöaspekter och social acceptans. Utan acceptans sker heller ingen teknikutveckling. En inte oväsentlig andel svarade också att rundvirke (framförallt massaved) är ett sortiment med stor potential. Politikerna räknar med att skoglig biomassa kommer att vara en del av ett fossilfritt samhälle men de vill helst inte att det ska vara högvärdigt trädråvara (rundvirke) som används utan istället biproduktsortiment. Det största hindret för användande av skoglig biomassa för energiändamål anses vara dålig lönsamhet följt av miljöproblem, dyr logistik, dålig teknik/metod och politik. Det var endast företagarna som uttryckligen nämnde dålig lönsamhet som hinder. Ingen av forskarna, investerarna eller politikerna valde att uttrycka sig på det sättet. De förbättringar som anses behöva uppfyllas för ökad användning av skoglig biomassa för energiändamål handlar till mycket stor del om teknikförbättringar och logistikeffektivisering men även inom området politik ansågs förbättringar viktiga. Effektivisera logistiken, förbättra samarbeten, standardisera de olika sortimenten och skapa långsiktiga politiska beslut är viktiga utmaningar.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Adapting the grassland model BASGRA to simulate yield and nutritive value of whole-crop barley
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Agronomy. - 1161-0301 .- 1873-7331. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ensiling of whole-crop biomass of barley before full maturity is common practice in regions with a short growing season. The developmental stage of barley at harvest can have a large impact on yield and nutritive composition. The relationships between crop growth, environmental conditions and crop management can be described in process-based simulation models. Some models, including the Basic Grassland (BASGRA) model, have been developed to simulate the yield and nutritive value of forage grasses, and usually evaluated against metrics of relevance for whole-crop silage. The objectives of this study were to: i) modify the BASGRA model to simulate whole-crop spring barley; ii) evaluate the performance of this model against empirical data on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value attributes from field experiments, divided into geographical regions; and iii) evaluate DM yield, nutritive value and cutting date under current and future climate conditions for three locations in Sweden and four cutting regimes. Main model modifications included addition of a spike pool, equations for carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) allocation to the spike pool and equations for C and N translocation from vegetative plant parts to spikes. Model calibration and validation against field trial data from Sweden, including samples harvested from late anthesis stage to hard dough stage that were either pooled or divided into regions, showed better prediction accuracy, evaluated as normalised root mean squared error (RMSE), of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) (7.58–18.4%) than of DM yield (16.8–27.8%), crude protein (15.5–23.2%) or digestible organic matter in the DM (DOMD) (12.0–22.2%). Model prediction using weather data representing 1990–2020 and 2021–2040 climate conditions for three locations in Sweden (Skara, Umeå, Uppsala) showed lower DM yield, earlier harvest and slightly higher NDF concentration on average (across locations and developmental stage at cutting) when using near-future climate data rather than historical data. The model can be used to evaluate whole-crop barley performance under production conditions in Sweden or in other countries with similar climate, soils and crop management regimes.
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| 9. |
- Wallsten, Johanna
(författare)
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Cell wall chemical characteristics of whole-crop cereal silages harvested at three maturity stages
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. - : Wiley. - 0022-5142 .- 1097-0010. ; 96, s. 3604-3612
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In cooler climates such as found in Scandinavian countries cereals are important feedstuffs for ruminants often ensiled as whole-crop cereal silages (WCCS) to preserve nutrients. Animal performance varies with the type of cereal forage and stage of cereal development being ensiled. Cell wall isolation and analysis was undertaken to determine differences among cereal silages harvested at different stages of maturity.RESULTS: A set of 27 WCCS samples of barley, wheat and oats harvested at heading, early milk, and dough stages of maturity were analyzed for cell wall (CW) composition and compared to previous NDF analyses. Total CW concentrations of the WCCS were higher than the NDF concentration. The lignin concentration was higher (P < 0.001) in oats (111 g kg(-1) DM) than in barley (88 g kg(-1) DM) and wheat (91 g kg(-1) DM). Ferulates (ester and ether linked) ranged from 12.2 to 14.9 g kg(-1) across forage types and maturity stages. The correlation between total cell wall xylose and HC concentrations (NDF-ADF) was lower than expected in all forages (R = 0.63).CONCLUSION: The more comprehensive analyses of cell walls provide detailed composition of the different WCCS that vary due to the maturity and type of cereal. (C) 2016 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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| 10. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Digestibility of whole-crop barley and oat silages in dairy heifers
- 2010
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Ingår i: Animal. - 1751-7311 .- 1751-732X. ; 4, s. 432-438
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the digestibility of whole-crop cereal silage (WCCS) made from oats and six-rowed barley harvested at the heading, early milk and early dough stages, and two-rowed barley harvested at the early milk and early dough stages of maturity. The eight WCCSs were fed to 32 Swedish Red heifers in a changeover design over three periods of 28 days each. The heifers were first fed ad libitum for 17 days and then at 0.95 of ad libitum for 11 days of each period. During the last 5 days all faeces and orts were collected to determine the digestibility of the silages. Only the maturity stage effect was significant for the WCCS organic matter (OM) digestibility and the average OM digestibility was higher at the heading stage (698 g/kg) than at early milk (647 g/kg) and early dough (652 g/kg) stages of maturity. For neutral detergent fibre (NDF) digestibility the crop X maturity stage effect was significant. The NDF digestibility decreased from the heading to the early milk stage for both six-rowed barley (746 to 607 g/kg) and oats (698 to 596 g/kg). There was no further significant decrease in NDF digestibility for six-rowed barley at the early dough stage (577 g/kg), but for two-rowed barley it decreased from the early milk (682 g/kg) to the early dough (573 g/kg) stage, and also for oats the NDF digestibility was lowest at the early dough stage (507 g/kg). The decrease in NDF digestibility during maturation was to a large extent compensated by an increase in starch concentration in the crops. The starch digestibility was lower for six-rowed barley at early dough stage (948 g/kg) than at early milk stage (977 g/kg), and was also lower compared with oats (979 g/kg) at early dough stage. The average crude protein (CP) digestibility was higher at the heading (646 g/kg) and the early milk (642 g/kg) stages than at the early dough stage (599 g/kg), and oats had higher average CP digestibility (650 g/kg) than six-rowed (613 g/kg) and two-rowed (624 g/kg) barley. Delaying the harvest of WCCS from the heading to the early milk and dough stage of maturity will decrease the OM digestibility; as a result there is a decreased NDF digestibility.
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| 11. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of maturity stage and feeding strategy of whole crop barley silage on intake, digestibility and milk production in dairy cows
- 2009
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 121, s. 155-161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five diets containing concentrate, grass silage and whole crop barley silage (WCBS) harvested at different maturity stages were fed to 15 multiparous dairy cows in an incomplete change-over design over three periods. Three diets contained 10.7 kg dry matter (DM) concentrate, 4 kg DM grass silage, and ad libitum access to WCBS harvested at either the heading stage (B1), the early milk stage (B2) or the early dough stage (B3) of maturity. The other two diets contained 10.7 kg DM concentrate, whereas grass silage and WCBS at heading were mixed at two different ratios with a DM content of WCBS of either 0.30 (M1) or 0.70 (M2), and the mixtures were fed ad libitum. Intakes of DM (kg day(-1): B1 = 21.0, B2 = 20.6 and B3 = 20.0) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF; kg day(-1): B1 = 7.0, B2 = 6.4 and B3 = 63) decreased, whereas starch intake increased (kg day(-1): B1 = 3.1, B2 = 3.5 and B3 = 4.0) with increasing maturity at harvest. The apparent organic matter (CM) digestibility (g kg(-1): B1 = 800, B2 = 774 and B3 = 729) decreased with increasing maturity stage, and consequently so did the digestible OM intake. Milk (kg day(-1): B1 = 27.2, B2 = 26.1 and B3 = 25.9) and energy corrected milk (ECM; kg day(-1): B1 = 31.0, B2 = 29.4 and B3 = 28.2) yields, and protein concentration (g kg(-1): B1 = 37.1. B2 = 36.4 and B3 = 36.0) decreased with increasing maturity stage of the WCBS. When cows were fed diet B3 the milk fat concentration decreased (46.4 g kg(-1)) compared to diets B1 (49.3 g kg(-1)) and B2 (49.4 g kg(-1)). The difference in ECM yield between diets B1 and B3 was due to a combined effect of lower milk yield, and lower protein and fat concentrations. This was caused by the higher starch and lower NDF intakes with diet B3, which decreased the milk fat concentration. Moreover, a lower energy intake of diet B3 due to lower OM digestibility decreased milk protein concentration and milk yield. Mixing WCBS at the heading stage with grass silage (M2) decreased digestibility, compared to feeding the forages separately (B1). However, the differences were small and may be a result of soil contamination at harvest of some of the silages, which made the method with using incomplete faecal collection and internal marker acid insoluble ash less reliable. Including WCBS at the heading stage at 0.30 or 0.70 of forage DM did not affect DM intake or diet digestibility, probably because the grass silage in the study was very similar in energy content to the WCBS harvested at heading. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 12. |
- Wallsten, Johanna
(författare)
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Helsäd av vårvete till mjökkor
- 2014
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Ingår i: Nytt / Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Skördeprognos för helsäd i norra Sverige
- 2020
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Ingår i: Report from the Department of Crop Production Ecology (VPE). - 1653-5375. ; , s. 167-169
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Vall från ett nordiskt perspektiv
- 2023
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Ingår i: Report from the Department of Crop Production Ecology (VPE). - 1653-5375. ; , s. 184-185
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Wallsten, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Voluntary intake and diet selection by dairy heifers fed ensiled whole-crop barley and oats harvested at different stages of maturity
- 2009
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Ingår i: Livestock Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 1871-1413 .- 1878-0490. ; 122, s. 94-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated feed intake and diet selection of dairy heifers fed whole-crop cereal silage made from oats and six-rowed barley harvested at the heading, early milk and early dough stages, and two-rowed barley harvested at the early milk and early dough stages of maturity. The silages were fed ad libitum to 32 Swedish Red dairy heifers, during three 17-day periods. The oat silage harvested at the early dough stage resulted in a higher dry-matter intake (DMI; 1.92 kg/100 kg live weight (LW)) and a higher organic matter intake (OMI; 1.73 kg/100 kg LW) than the oat silage harvested at the heading stage (DMI = 1.57 kg/100 kg LW; OMI = 1.37 kg/100 kg LW). The DMI. ON and NDFI of six-rowed barley silage were higher when harvested at the heading stage (2.08, 1.80 and 1.06 kg/100 kg LW) than when harvested at the early milk (1.74, 1.48 and 0.76 kg/100 kg LW) and early dough stages (1.62.1.46 and 0.70 kg/100 kg LW). The DMI, OMI and NDFI were higher for six-rowed barley than for oat silage harvested at heading, whereas feeding oat silage resulted in a higher NDFI than six-rowed barley silage when harvested at the early dough stage. Reduced intake of barley silage harvested at the early dough stage probably was due to the presence of barbed awns, whilst reduced intake of the early harvested oat silage was most likely due to a low DM content and a high content of fermentation products. When fed oat or two-rowed barley silage harvested at the early dough stage, the heifers selected fractions low in NDF This indicates that heifers are likely to feed selectively when fed whole-crop cereal silages prepared from crops harvested at the early dough stage. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 21. |
- Wallsten, Johanna
(författare)
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Vårvete i odling till helsäd
- 2009
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Ingår i: Nytt från Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. Växtodling. - 1404-7349.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 22. |
- Wallsten, Johanna
(författare)
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Vårvete som helsäd i norra Sverige
- 2011
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Ingår i: Nytt från Institutionen för norrländsk jordbruksvetenskap. Växtodling. - 1404-7349.
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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