| 1. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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“Betting on Science or Muddling Through the Network” : Two Universities and one Innovation Commission
- 2011
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - Oslo. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 5:3, s. 172-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the mid 1990s the OECD, the EU and many national innovation policies have pointed to universities as the most important direct providers of solutions to use as sources of innovations for growth and societal welfare. Also, through their respective governments, universities are exposed to rather detailed requirements on how to fulfil the increased direct utilisation of research results. This paper takes a closer look at how two internationally recognised universities from the same country, namely Sweden, addressed the innovation commission. A case study investigates how the Karolinska Institute and Uppsala University interpreted and implemented the Swedish government’s commission on an increased utilisation of publicly funded research for innovation. The main finding is that both universities’ ways of fulfilling this commission are more directed towards ‘betting’ on potential innovations than on ‘muddling through’ the context of innovation.
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| 2. |
- Baraldi, Enrico, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the obstacles to implementing economic mechanisms to stimulate antibiotic research and development : a mulit-actor and system-level analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: American Journal of Law & Medicine. - Boston : Boston University School of Law. - 0098-8588 .- 2375-835X. ; 42, s. 451-486
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Article examines the potential stakeholder-related obstacles hindering the implementation of mechanisms to re-ignite the development of novel antibiotics. Proposed economic models and incentives to drive such development include: Public Funding of Research and Development (R&D), Tax Incentives, Milestone Prizes, End Payments, Intellectual Property (IP) and Exclusivity Extensions, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, Product Development Partnerships (PDPs), and the Options Market for Antibiotics model. Drawing on personal experience and understanding of the antibiotic field, as well as stakeholder consultation and numerous expert meetings within the DRIVE-AB project and Uppsala Health Summit 2015, the Authors identify obstacles attributable to the following actors: Universities and Research Institutes, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), Large Pharmaceutical Companies, Marketing Approval Regulators, Payors, Healthcare Providers, National Healthcare Authorities, Patients, and Supranational Institutions. The analysis also proposes a characterization and ranking of the difficulty associated with implementing the reviewed mechanisms. Public Funding of R&D, Pricing and Reimbursement Incentives, and PDPs are mechanisms expected to meet highly systemic barriers (i.e., obstacles across the entire antibiotic value chain), imposing greater implementation challenges in that they require convincing and involving several motivationally diverse actors in order to have much effect.
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| 3. |
- Bennich-Björkman, Li, 1960-, et al.
(författare)
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Dags för Lemne att lämna
- 2015
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Ingår i: Upsala Nya Tidning. ; march 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eklinder-Frick, Jens Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Innovation in a globalized world : Proximity-focused policy and border-crossing innovation projects
- 2018
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 12:2, s. 237-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Previous IMP research has shown that innovation benefits tend to gravitate across organisational, company and legal borders. However, OECD and EU policy assume that innovation investments will create benefits in close spatial relation to where these were made. The overall purpose of this paper is to consider how opportunities and obstacles of innovation appear from the perspective of: a national policy actor, its regional mediators and a policy supported and research-based firm engaged in innovation. A specific interest is directed to what interactive aspects that are considered by these actors; in the using, producing and developing settings.Design/methodology/approach: Influenced by the research question and theoretical point of departure the authors investigate what type of interfaces our focal actors recognise in the using, producing and developing settings. A total of 41 face-to-face and phone interviews focusing on each actor's approach were conducted; 23 interviews in order to investigate the policy side of innovation attempts, while 18 interviews have been performed in order to understand a single business actor's innovation approach.Findings: The study shows that both the national policy agency and the regional policy mediators primarily operate within a developing setting, and furthermore, applies a rather peculiar interpretation of proximity. As long as the developing setting of the innovation journey is in focus, with the task to transfer academic knowledge advances to commercial actors, the proximity aspect is rather easy to fulfil. However, as soon as the producing and using settings of the innovation is taken into consideration, the innovation, if it survives, will gravitate to a producing setting where it can contribute to investments in place.Originality/value: The study investigates the opportunities and obstacles of innovation; the spatial aspects included, and how these are considered by: a national policy agency, a regional mediator and a policy-supported innovating firm, in order to juxtapose the policy doctrine with the experience of the business actors such policy wishes to support.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Eklinder-Frick, Jens, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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What’s smart about smart specialization – a new EU innovation strategy or more of the same?
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 35:12, s. 1997-2010
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThe aim of this paper is to outline what the intended benefits the smart specialization strategy (S3) is meant to create, and through what policy measures; that is, to shed light over what underpinnings S3 is based on, and if the measures based on these can affect the relations between “academia, businesses, and local authorities” – where the public and the private actors might have partly overlapping interests, but with different needs and rationales.Design/methodology/approachThe research design of this paper is based on the industrial marketing and purchasing network approach, that is, the empirical observation that business exchange has a content, which affects and gives imprints on the actors engaged in the exchange. To determine whether the S3 strategy in general, and in the two investigated regions in particular, can affect the embedding of innovations in using, producing and developing settings, and if so how, this study applied the actors–resources–activities model. In addition to investigation of the S3 strategy in general, two case studies were conducted, one each in two European Union regions with rather different business and academic research characteristics: the Marche region in Italy and the Uppsala region in Sweden.FindingsThe S3 measures rest on the judgement of which “domains” to support can be made by policy actors without deeper analysis of how the assumed firms representing these domains are related in terms of how resources are combined and activated. Instead, the S3 policy analysis is based on local policy organizations desk table investigations of what appears as innovative. Hence, in practice, the key S3 measure is still to transfer knowledge from the public to the private sector. This entails that support in terms of how to create change in established resources interfaces, which is a main source of innovation to which both established and emerging localized firms are related, remains out of policy sight.Originality/valueThe ambition with this paper is to discuss what changes S3 – with the ambition to develop and match academic research to business needs – implies and what underpinnings it is resting on. Hence, the focus is directed to what new types of policy arrangements are supposed to result in what types of benefits – and last but not least, the ability for these to interfere with businesses which are interconnected across spatial borders.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Magnus, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Two rebelling approaches but only one embraced by policy : On the different policy advices of NIS and IMP
- 2017
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 11:3, s. 417-430
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold, first, to shed light on the different patterns in which international marketing and purchasing (IMP) and national innovation system (NIS) were embedded into the Swedish policy context, where the first approach must be regarded as a relative failure and the second a success, second, to compare their analytical lenses and policy implications through the study of a number of seminal texts of the two approaches.Design/methodology/approach – First, a Swedish case is selected since it provides an example of a policy context where both approaches have been considered and used as sources of inspiration for the design of policy measures. Second, the authors study a selection of the seminal texts of the two approaches in order to identify their basic theoretical assumptions. The emphasis here lies on how the schools view the importance of relations between companies, how they perceive the innovation process, their attitude towards the neoclassical market model and the explicit and implicit implications of their theoretical assumptions for policy.Findings – IMP and its notion of the heterogeneity of resources can provide a much more context grounded analysis than is possible within the NIS/Lundvall framework. However, it requires deep contextual knowledge of individual companies, industries and national and international settings to understand the value of these resources. IMP is “tied to the ground” and radically critical of the atomistic abstractions characterising the neoclassical market view. NIS, on the other hand, requires contextual knowledge on a more superficial level and can co-exist with neoclassical economics.Research limitations/implications – While the authors mainly focus on IMP and NIS, which date back to the 1980s, a later wave of concepts from the 1990s and onwards involve clusters (Porter, 1990), and triple helix (Etzkowitz and Leidesdorff, 1998). However, these latecomers share with NIS the ability to co-exist with neoclassical economics.Practical implications – IMP requires high demands on any policy maker that would adopt it, in terms of acquiring deep contextual knowledge and giving up established views on how the economy worksOriginality/value – The paper reveal that while both IMP and NIS like to present themselves as rebels radically departing from neoclassical economics and the linear model, NIS can still co-exist with neoclassical economics. Furthermore, IMP places high demands on any policy maker that would adopt it, in terms of acquiring deep contextual knowledge and giving up established views on how the economy works. NIS, on the other hand, requires contextual knowledge on a more superficial level.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Hasselberg, Ylva, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusion : On the Verge of Breakdown
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transformations i Research, Higher Education and the Academic Market. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9789400752498
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Håkansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Heaviness, space and journey - innovation opportunities and restrictions
- 2018
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - : EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LTD. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 12:2, s. 258-275
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to argue that if the authors want to understand the role of heaviness, space and journey in innovation, the authors have to start with the interaction itself, that is the exchange process taking place between economic actors. Three major aspects will be considered: the first is that heaviness, space and journey imply restrictions, the second is that these aspects can be positively utilised in innovation processes, and the third is their joint importance to contemporary policy. All innovation processes must bypass and build on existing investments in social and material resources, related across time and space.Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical foundation is a basic IMP observation: exchange has a content. Exchange is captured as an interaction process that creates specific imprints on material and social resources involved - across firm boundaries, and across time and space. The methodology is a consequence of the research question and the theoretical point of departure and is based on three earlier IMP studies, where heaviness has been measured in different ways. The authors utilize two earlier presented case studies to focus on the heaviness, space and journey dimensions.Findings: Three main aspects are discussed: the first aspect concerns the need for utilisation of others heaviness in order for the innovation to gain heaviness in itself. The second aspect concerns the consequences that the search for heaviness has for the creation of an innovation space. The third aspect concerns the innovation journey; the specific interaction patterns between significant actors as well as places hosting heavy using, producing and developing activities created through interactions over time.Research limitations/implications: In order to change or to establish a new economic exchange interface, there is an urgent need to be aware of and utilise heaviness, to find out in what way existing investments made in related interfaces can be taken advantage of. In order to do that, there is a need for a better understanding of the function of heaviness, spatial and journey aspects included.Practical implications: In contemporary policy, certain heaviness is recognised, however, only in a non-business developing setting. The first conclusion is that heaviness of established producing and using settings is a policy blind spot. This implies that analytical policy approaches are not equipped for recognitions or of estimations of heaviness, nor as a hindrance or as a possibility in producing and using settings. The second conclusion is that the policy definition of the role of place implies neglecting the innovation space. The third conclusion is that there is a need for policy to recognise the innovation journey and its consequences.Social implications: If the policy is expected to have regional effects, policy analysis has to start out from the established heaviness of the region and consider how it can be taken advantage of.Originality/value: The paper draws attention to an aspect neglected in policy attempts to boost innovation, that the mobilising support has to come from actors representing heavy producing and using networks - and that these already have space and journey characteristics. A peripheral actor can come up with a suggestion for change - but it cannot alone mobilise the resources necessary for an innovation to get a space and journey in relation to established resource constellations.
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| 13. |
- Håkansson, Håkan, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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“Methodomania”? On the methodological and theoretical challenges of IMP business research“
- 2016
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 10:3, s. 443-463
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - Behind the simple connotation "business exchange" a complex empirical phenomenon can be observed, including using, producing and developing activities, taking place in different contexts, influenced by ideas stemming from both practice and mainstream economic thinking. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the methodological challenges of research on business exchange in general and of IMP research in particular. Furthermore, to discuss how the authors can avoid the contemporary "methodomania" trend, where the researchers' focus is directed toward accounting for which rules were followed. Design/methodology/approach - The paper is based on a methodological distinction made by Peter Galison (1997) in his investigation of the interdependence among research approach, methodology, and research object in microphysics. Studies based on: "image," allows data in its original form, and "logic," requires the translation of original data and therefore relies "fundamentally on statistical demonstrations." This distinction is utilized to investigate what is specific with business exchange as a research object, and how IMP researchers have dealt with the methodological challenges it presents. Furthermore, the paper considers these different methodological approaches in relation to theory and understanding of the research object. Findings - The main conclusion is the huge importance the image-based methodology has had for the development of the IMP network approach. From the very start the IMP project has been focused on the production of a large set of, in Galison's terminology, "hard facts" about the existence, substance and importance of interaction and the relationships it is creating. This image-based methodology has been utilized in the development of a set of imaging instruments, each with an ability to picture the content and consequences of business exchange. Research limitations/implications - Two methodological challenges which are specific for business research are identified. One is that "images" in terms of personal accounts on the organizing of production and use of economic resources are marbled with ideas, stemming from a mix of theories, textbooks and practice on how to do this. The second is that established theories create a "logic" in terms of the combination of "assumptions" and established " accounting principles" that produce a number of outputs interpreted as primary data and objective accounts of the characteristics of the production and use of economic resources. Practical implications - IMP's image-based methodology and the development of specific imaging instruments can increase the exactness in the pictures of the content and consequences of business interaction, and also, catch the range of its substance. Considering this circumstance could be a way to avoid " methodomania" and to breed awareness of the relationship among research object, methodology, and research approach. Social implications - IMP's image-based methodology can increase the awareness that the logic-based model of business exchange has been ascribed an advisory role in terms of how companies should act in order to survive and prosper: as sellers and buyers in relation to each other, and also in relation to others. Originality/value - First, the paper underlines that image-based methodologies can be used to produce "hard facts" about the existence, substance, and importance of business interaction. Second, the paper shows how the methodology of mainstream economics tends to be "the elephant in the room," both in approaches resting on "image" and "logic." It addresses the importance of making the elephant visible and investigates what is happening in its shadow.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- LaRocca, Antonella, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of business & industrial marketing. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0885-8624 .- 2052-1189. ; 34:1, s. 230-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16. |
- Milanesi, Matilde, et al.
(författare)
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A black swan in the district? An IMP perspetive on immigrant entrepreneurship and changes in industrial districts.
- 2016
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 10:2, s. 243-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to discuss the changes of the Italian textile district of Prato, considered an exemplary case of the industrial district (ID) model, using a business network perspective. The "Black Swan" metaphor is used to address the changes in the Prato textile district in order to understand whether such changes have been an unexpected and unpredictable phenomenon, or they can be explain with a different theoretical tool-box, namely, that developed by the industrial network approach. Design/methodology/approach - The paper utilizes already published studies on the changes of the textile/fashion companies located to the Prato area. Both studies that have been carried out within an ID approach and those carried out with an Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) point of departure are considered in the research. Both types of studies were utilized to identify empirical observed changes of the producer, respectively user setting that the Prato located companies was related to, including identification of changes affecting both the local setting and the larger network it was related to. Findings - The utilization of the IMP model proposes a learning ground that exceed the local context and open ups of investigations of opportunities and threats stemming from interactions across spatial borders. Analysed from an interactive point of view, in the specific context of Prato, the exploitation of the opportunities given by establishing relationship between natives and migrants actors goes through the creation of interactions among actors representing specific resource combinations and activity structures - within and outside the local community. Originality/value - The paper concerns how the same research object - the changes of the Prato district - appears from another perspective different from the ID theory, namely, the industrial network approach developed by scholars of the IMP Group.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Perna, Andrea, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Is the value created necessarily associated with money? On the connections between an innovation process and its monetary dimension : The case of Solibro's thin-film solar cells
- 2015
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Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 46:april, s. 108-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While IMP research has implicitly identified the intricate and unfair connection between innovation and its monetary dimension, there is a lack of studies which explicitly focus on this connection. Consequently, there is also a lack of concepts with which to investigate the role of money and its connections with other resources in the business landscape. This paper aims to contribute to an increased understanding of this phenomena, by explicitly investigating the connection between the social-material and the monetary dimensions of an innovation journey. We analyze a case study on new type of thin-film solar cells; an innovation journey in which both the social-material and monetary dimensions involve public and private actors and transcend national borders. We identify five key connections between social-material resources and the monetary dimension: (1) Monetary flows finance new resource combinations; (2) the monetary dimension evaluates social-material resources, even though it does so in highly subjective, erratic and negotiated ways; (3-4) business deals and monetary flows both enable and block actions on social-material resources; and (5) business deals distribute, although very unevenly, the costs and benefits of social-material resources among the involved actors. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Rider, Sharon, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Introduction
- 2013
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Ingår i: Transformations in Research, Higher Education and the Academic Market. - Dordrecht : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 9789400752481 ; , s. 4-21
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Strömsten, Torkel, et al.
(författare)
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Governance and Resource Interaction in Networks : The role of venture capital in biotech start-up
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 65:2, s. 232-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper examines venture capital (VC) governance in innovation processes. The VC literature often presents the relationship between a VC firm and a start-up as dyadic and analyzes it with agency theory. In contrast, this paper deploys the resource interaction framework presented in Hakansson and Waluszewski (2002) to governance and innovation in networks. The paper reports an in-depth case study of Pyrosequencing, a Swedish biotech firm financed with VC. The results from this study reveal how the relationship between a VC and a start-up company is embedded in a wider network and how the governance of the VC spreads in the surrounding network and influences a start-up's possibilities to develop organizational and technical resource interfaces to critical counterparts such as suppliers and customers.
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| 26. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Actors changing the network
- 2017
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 11:2, s. 174-177
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Antibiotics in pig meat production : restrictions as the odd case and overuse as normality? Experiences from Sweden and Italy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Humanities and Social Sciences Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2662-9992. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For people interested in high-quality food, Italy has long been acknowledged for its production of Parma ham, salami and similar pig meat-based products. For researchers in the field of antibiotic resistance, they are known as products of a highly antibiotic-dependent production system. Italy has one of the highest consumptions of antibiotics by animals in the EU, estimated to be 244mg/PCU. By contrast, Sweden has the lowest consumption of antibiotics by animals in the EU, estimated to be 12.5mg/PCU. Thus, the Italian level is about 20 times higher than the Swedish one. The aim of this paper is to pinpoint the role of antibiotics in the Swedish and Italian production systems. What are the underlying forces and the key features of the Swedish production system-a system that can actually compensate for routine group treatment with antibiotics through precautionary health and biosecurity? What aspects are behind the different antibiotic consumption patterns in the Italian setting? We argue that the Swedish ability to compensate for routine prophylactic antibiotic group treatment was the outcome of an extensive interaction process: 'outsiders' increased the general awareness of routine antibiotic use by debating it in the media, and 'insiders' took the debate seriously and consequently acted to develop a production system that was able to compensate for routine use of antibiotics. Based on both the Swedish and Italian experiences, we argue that a legal ban on routine group treatment does not in itself guarantee a change. Those who are supposed to adopt must first share the ideas the legislation rests on; second, they must be prepared to invest in a change of material structures; third, they must foresee a 'fair' distribution of costs and benefits among producers and users-that is, an economic context in which all players are incentivised to follow the same route.
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| 30. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-
(författare)
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Antibiotika till djur är den största faran
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Om vi skall kunna stoppa den globala spridningen av bakterier med antibiotikaresistenta gener – då måste den antibiotikaberoende produktionen av djur fasas ut. Den svenska erfarenheten säger att det går, skriver professor Alexandra Waluszewski.
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| 31. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-
(författare)
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Att hänvisa till 'EU:s ledarskap' är en grov förenkling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens Nyheter. - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- REPLIK DN DEBATT 17/5. Det är enbart genom ett uthålligt mobiliseringsarbete — av engagerade aktörer inom såväl som utanför EU — som EU:s ledarskap börjat uppmärksamma antibiotikafrågan, skriver forskaren Alexandra Waluszewski.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-
(författare)
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Den svåra konsten med offentlig upphandling
- 2020
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Ingår i: Göteborgsposten. - Göteborg : Göteborgsposten. - 1103-9345. ; :13 mars
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Editorial : Interaction dilemmas
- 2015
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Ingår i: The IMP Journal. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 2059-1403 .- 0809-7259. ; 1:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-
(författare)
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Innovationer - myter och verklighet
- 2012
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Ingår i: 100 Innovationer. - Stockholm : Bilda Förlag. - 9789157481436 ; , s. 17-25
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 49. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Kulturen skall inte anpassa sig
- 2019
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Ingår i: Värmlands Folkblad. - Karlstad.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 50. |
- Waluszewski, Alexandra, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Kvalitet måste vägas in i upphandling
- 2019
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Ingår i: Upsala Nya Tidning. - 1104-0173.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Lagen om offentlig upphandling ger ingen upphandlare rätt att smita från relevanta kravspecifikationer, skriver två forskare.
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