| 1. |
- Cinner, Joshua E., et al.
(författare)
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Comanagement of coral reef social ecological systems
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 109:14, s. 5219-5222
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an effort to deliver better outcomes for people and the ecosystems they depend on, many governments and civil society groups are engaging natural resource users in collaborative management arrangements (frequently called comanagement). However, there are few empirical studies demonstrating the social and institutional conditions conducive to successful comanagement outcomes, especially in small-scale fisheries. Here, we evaluate 42 comanagement arrangements across five countries and show that: (i) comanagement is largely successful at meeting social and ecological goals; (ii) comanagement tends to benefit wealthier resource users; (iii) resource overexploitation is most strongly influenced by market access and users' dependence on resources; and (iv) institutional characteristics strongly influence livelihood and compliance outcomes, yet have little effect on ecological conditions.
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| 2. |
- Cinner, Joshua E., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in adaptive capacity of Kenyan fishing communities
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nature Climate Change. - 1758-678X .- 1758-6798. ; 5:9, s. 872-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal communities are particularly at risk from the impacts of a changing climate(1). Building the capacity of coastal communities to cope with and recover from a changing environment is a critical means to reducing their vulnerability(2,3). Yet, few studies have quantitatively examined adaptive capacity in such communities. Here, we build on an emerging body of research examining adaptive capacity in natural resource-dependent communities in two important ways. We examine how nine indicators of adaptive capacity vary: among segments of Kenyan fishing communities; and over time. Socially disaggregated analyses found that the young, those who had migrated, and those who do not participate in decision-making seemed least prepared for adapting to change in these resource-dependent communities. These results highlight the most vulnerable segments of society when it comes to preparing for and adapting to change in resource-dependent communities. Comparisons through time showed that aspects of adaptive capacity seemed to have increased between 2008 and 2012 owing to higher observed community infrastructure and perceived availability of credit.
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| 3. |
- Cinner, J. E., et al.
(författare)
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Transitions toward co-management : The process of marine resource management devolution in three east African countries
- 2012
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Ingår i: Global Environmental Change. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-3780 .- 1872-9495. ; 22:3, s. 651-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Communities are increasingly empowered with the ability and responsibility of working with national governments to make decisions about marine resources in decentralized co-management arrangements. This transition toward decentralized management represents a changing governance landscape. This paper explores the transition to decentralisation in marine resource management systems in three East African countries. The paper draws upon expert opinion and literature from both political science and linked social-ecological systems fields to guide exploration of five key governance transition concepts in each country: (1) drivers of change; (2) institutional arrangements; (3) institutional fit; (4) actor interactions; and (5) adaptive management. Key findings are that decentralized management in the region was largely donor-driven and only partly transferred power to local stakeholders. However, increased accountability created a degree of democracy in regards to natural resource governance that was not previously present. Additionally, increased local-level adaptive management has emerged in most systems and, to date, this experimental management has helped to change resource user's views from metaphysical to more scientific cause-and-effect attribution of changes to resource conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved,
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| 4. |
- Cinner, Joshua E., et al.
(författare)
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Winners and Losers in Marine Conservation : Fishers' Displacement and Livelihood Benefits from Marine Reserves
- 2014
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Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 27:9, s. 994-1005
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marine reserves can create both benefits and costs to fishers. This article explores the perceptions of fishers in Kenya and Seychelles about displacement, spillover, and overall impacts of local marine reserves on their livelihoods. We test whether these perceptions are different among fishers from different geographic and socioeconomic conditions. Sixty-six percent of fishers had been displaced from marine reserves or coastal development and 90% believed they had caught fishes that spilled over from marine reserves. Poorer fishers in Kenya were both displaced from, and also felt like they benefited from, marine reserves. This highlights how people's experiences with marine reserves, both positive and negative, are affected by a range of social considerations that may not be incorporated in typical evaluations of ecological and economic marine reserve success.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Wamukota, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Global Fish Trade, Prices, and Food Security in an African Coral Reef Fishery
- 2017
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Ingår i: Coastal Management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0892-0753 .- 1521-0421. ; 45:2, s. 143-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study evaluated the potential impact of global fish trade on local food prices by analyzing a 16-year locally collected time series of disaggregated coral reef fish products and prices that differed in their market chain linkages-ranging from local to international markets. We were primarily interested in evaluating how local and global markets interacted with the local prices of beef, fish, and maize. There was no cointegration between the prices of exported octopus and that of maize and beef over this study period. Further, the three types of fish and associated markets responded in different ways to various price changes. For internationally traded octopus, we found a positive association between price and catch rates but no evidence that the global trade in octopus markets created local inflation, particularly the prices of the fish eaten by the poor. In general, there was no evidence for price transmission from export to nonexport fish products even though fishers appeared to focus on octopus when prices were high. Consequently, fishers' behaviors and trade policies that promote adjusting fishing effort to internationally traded fish did not appear to promote poverty or food insecurity in this fishery.
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| 7. |
- Wamukota, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Market integration and its relation to income distribution and inequality among fishers and traders : The case of two small-scale Kenyan reef fisheries
- 2014
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 48, s. 93-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study, carried out in five fishing communities along the Kenyan coast, examined fisheries-derived income of fishers and traders in two different invertebrate fisheries (octopus and sea cucumber) and tested if differences in global market integration of these two products could explain differences in income inequalities among actors involved in the two fisheries. The structure of the value chains was mapped, differences in income between fishers and traders tested, and income inequalities among actors in each fishery examined. Although the octopus fishery included a greater diversity of actors and thereby provides income to a larger group of people, income inequality in this fishery was higher among fishers and traders than in the sea cucumber fishery. Thus, the often cited relationship between increasing market integration and income inequality may require a re-evaluation and a more nuanced treatment.
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| 8. |
- Wamukota, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Selected Individual Characteristics in Determining Market Prices for Fishers and Traders in Keny an Small-Scale Fisheries
- 2015
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Ingår i: Society & Natural Resources. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0894-1920 .- 1521-0723. ; 28:9, s. 959-974
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article examines how selected socioeconomic characteristics of fishers and traders shape market prices at five coastal communities in Kenya. Focus groups elicited perceived factors affecting market prices, which were then tested using quantitative analysis. Ownership of fishing gear by fishers negatively influenced the prices taken. Fish traders who bought larger quantities paid a higher price. There was no significant relation between the choice of fish market by traders and fish price due to the diffused nature of the fish market. Although fish traders had relatively high income than fishers, the link between individual characteristics, market prices, and the outcomes of such interactions is more complicated than commonly perceived. The complexity is enhanced by the heterogeneity in different fisheries and of the prices at different markets and underlines the importance of continued documentation and exploration of the relationships between social and economic status and market prices for fishers and traders.
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| 9. |
- Wanyonyi, Innocent Ngao, et al.
(författare)
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Artisanal fisher migration patterns in coastal East Africa
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ocean and Coastal Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0964-5691 .- 1873-524X. ; 119, s. 93-108
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Migration is a feature of most small-scale fisheries across the world and has previously been described in spatial and temporal terms. This study assessed spatial and temporal migration patterns of fishers in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique from October 2009 to March 2010 covering important migrant fishers destinations on the coast The concentrations, fishing destinations, routes, frequency as well as seasonality of migrant fishers in each of the countries were assessed using 192 surveys at 9 sites and 127 semi-structured interviews at 25 sites. Migrations in Kenya and Tanzania were mainly seasonal while in Mozambique circular migrations were common and lasted far longer. Fishers from Pemba, Unguja and Nampula were the most experienced migrant fishers in terms of the numbers involved and their ability to migrate to distant destinations. The region is likely to experience increasing influxes of migrant fishers due to increasing fisher numbers, fisheries governance, and other factors that provide an environment conducive to migration. The small scales of operation of the local co-management structures, the lack of monitoring ability and the limited knowledge about activities of migrant fishers requires a shared regional approach in terms of fisheries management with specific attention to issues concerning migrant fishers. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Wanyonyi, Innocent Ngao, et al.
(författare)
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Migrant fishers of Pemba : Drivers, impacts and mediating factors
- 2016
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 71, s. 242-255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most of the fishers of coastal East Africa particularly among the Bajuni, Kojani, Macua and Vezo ethnic communities have historically practiced migration. This study explores the strategies used by migrant fishers' of Pemba in the Western Indian Ocean region. By adopting a modified sustainable livelihoods framework (SLF), the study uses in-depth interviews and questionnaires to explore the life histories of the fishers in migrant communities, their motivations to migrate, and their associated socioeconomic and ecological implications. Results point out to a complexity of factors contributing to migration including natural, to economic and social factors. Interaction of such factors is instrumental in shaping fisher migration as an activity into an important livelihood strategy. The study concludes that SLF provides holistic understanding of migration. However the incorporation of the 'livelihood spaces' extends this knowledge by integrating the spectrum of spatial aspects. This understanding is critical in the design of policies and interventions necessary to ensure resource sustainability and secure fishers livelihoods. This multi-method approach is critical in empirical study of fisher migration.
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| 11. |
- Wanyonyi, Innocent Ngao, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of ‘space’ on migrant fisher livelihoods
- 2021
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Ingår i: African Identities. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1472-5843 .- 1472-5851. ; 19:3, s. 359-374
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the migration of fishers through the spatial window clarifies the critical role the phenomenon plays in artisanal fishers’ livelihoods. Migrant fishers’ ‘space’ refers to the complete spectrum of spatial characteristics at the destination, which include fishing ground, landing site, market, social relations and integration into society. A multiple methods approach was employed to evaluate migrant fishers’ ‘space’ at four destinations in coastal Kenya from October 2010 to March 2011. Results point out to the importance of spatial characteristics at the destination landing sites in influencing fishers’ migrations. The social relations of migrant fishers with local communities play a critical role in the integration of migrant fishers by enabling them to maintain a ‘place’ in the fishing practice. The maintenance of ‘place’ provides migrant fishers with access to the resources thereby contributing to migrant fishers' life sustenance. Therefore, understanding fishers ‘space’ allows for a better understanding of the critical roles of fisher migration in sustaining coastal livelihoods. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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