| 1. |
- Deng, Xuefan, et al.
(författare)
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A new strategy for boron cluster-based metal boride (Co2B) synthesis and its applicability to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
- 2024
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia, it is necessary to design and develop electrode materials with high activity and efficiency for the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of nitrate (NO3RR). Due to its unique semi-metallic properties, the vacancy orbitals of boron are prone to accommodate electrons, so doping element B with transition metals is expected to change the local electronic configuration of the metal, which in turn affects the corresponding catalytic reaction. Here, we propose a new strategy for the preparation of metal borides by using dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate and Co2+ complexed and calcined to prepare a novel metal boride-Co2B for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction. This modification considerably enhances the performance of NO3RR. Co2B exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of NH4+ (FENH4+) as high as 96.61 % at -0.5 V vs. RHE, achieving a remarkable NH4+ yield of 5.73 mg h-1 mgcat - 1. This study provides a new approach for designing catalysts for environmentallyfriendly ammonia synthesis.
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| 2. |
- Deng, Xuefan, et al.
(författare)
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A new strategy for boron cluster-based metal boride (Co2B) synthesis and its applicability to electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 485
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve efficient conversion of nitrate to ammonia, it is necessary to design and develop electrode materials with high activity and efficiency for the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of nitrate (NO3RR). Due to its unique semi-metallic properties, the vacancy orbitals of boron are prone to accommodate electrons, so doping element B with transition metals is expected to change the local electronic configuration of the metal, which in turn affects the corresponding catalytic reaction. Here, we propose a new strategy for the preparation of metal borides by using dodecahydro-closo-dodecaborate and Co2+ complexed and calcined to prepare a novel metal boride-Co2B for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction. This modification considerably enhances the performance of NO3RR. Co2B exhibited a Faradaic efficiency of NH4+ (FENH4+) as high as 96.61 % at -0.5 V vs. RHE, achieving a remarkable NH4+ yield of 5.73 mg h-1 mgcat - 1. This study provides a new approach for designing catalysts for environmentallyfriendly ammonia synthesis.
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| 3. |
- Lu, Haibo, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing machine learning-derived global estimates of soil respiration and its components with those from terrestrial ecosystem models
- 2021
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Ingår i: Environmental Research Letters. - : IOP Publishing. - 1748-9318 .- 1748-9326. ; 16:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CO2 efflux from soil (soil respiration (SR)) is one of the largest fluxes in the global carbon (C) cycle and its response to climate change could strongly influence future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Still, a large divergence of global SR estimates and its autotrophic (AR) and heterotrophic (HR) components exists among process based terrestrial ecosystem models. Therefore, alternatively derived global benchmark values are warranted for constraining the various ecosystem model output. In this study, we developed models based on the global soil respiration database (version 5.0), using the random forest (RF) method to generate the global benchmark distribution of total SR and its components. Benchmark values were then compared with the output of ten different global terrestrial ecosystem models. Our observationally derived global mean annual benchmark rates were 85.5 ± 40.4 (SD) Pg C yr-1 for SR, 50.3 ± 25.0 (SD) Pg C yr-1 for HR and 35.2 Pg C yr-1 for AR during 1982-2012, respectively. Evaluating against the observations, the RF models showed better performance in both of SR and HR simulations than all investigated terrestrial ecosystem models. Large divergences in simulating SR and its components were observed among the terrestrial ecosystem models. The estimated global SR and HR by the ecosystem models ranged from 61.4 to 91.7 Pg C yr-1 and 39.8 to 61.7 Pg C yr-1, respectively. The most discrepancy lays in the estimation of AR, the difference (12.0-42.3 Pg C yr-1) of estimates among the ecosystem models was up to 3.5 times. The contribution of AR to SR highly varied among the ecosystem models ranging from 18% to 48%, which differed with the estimate by RF (41%). This study generated global SR and its components (HR and AR) fluxes, which are useful benchmarks to constrain the performance of terrestrial ecosystem models.
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| 4. |
- Maddali, Manoj V., et al.
(författare)
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Validation and utility of ARDS subphenotypes identified by machine-learning models using clinical data : an observational, multicohort, retrospective analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - 2213-2600. ; 10:4, s. 367-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Two acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory) with distinct clinical and biological features and differential treatment responses have been identified using latent class analysis (LCA) in seven individual cohorts. To facilitate bedside identification of subphenotypes, clinical classifier models using readily available clinical variables have been described in four randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess the performance of these models in observational cohorts of ARDS. Methods: In this observational, multicohort, retrospective study, we validated two machine-learning clinical classifier models for assigning ARDS subphenotypes in two observational cohorts of patients with ARDS: Early Assessment of Renal and Lung Injury (EARLI; n=335) and Validating Acute Lung Injury Markers for Diagnosis (VALID; n=452), with LCA-derived subphenotypes as the gold standard. The primary model comprised only vital signs and laboratory variables, and the secondary model comprised all predictors in the primary model, with the addition of ventilatory variables and demographics. Model performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots, and assigning subphenotypes using a probability cutoff value of 0·5 to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assignments. We also assessed the performance of the primary model in EARLI using data automatically extracted from an electronic health record (EHR; EHR-derived EARLI cohort). In Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE; n=2813), a multinational, observational ARDS cohort, we applied a custom classifier model (with fewer variables than the primary model) to determine the prognostic value of the subphenotypes and tested their interaction with the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategy, with 90-day mortality as the dependent variable. Findings: The primary clinical classifier model had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0·92 (95% CI 0·90–0·95) in EARLI and 0·88 (0·84–0·91) in VALID. Performance of the primary model was similar when using exclusively EHR-derived predictors compared with manually curated predictors (AUC=0·88 [95% CI 0·81–0·94] vs 0·92 [0·88–0·97]). In LUNG SAFE, 90-day mortality was higher in patients assigned the hyperinflammatory subphenotype than in those with the hypoinflammatory phenotype (414 [57%] of 725 vs 694 [33%] of 2088; p<0·0001). There was a significant treatment interaction with PEEP strategy and ARDS subphenotype (p=0·041), with lower 90-day mortality in the high PEEP group of patients with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (hyperinflammatory subphenotype: 169 [54%] of 313 patients in the high PEEP group vs 127 [62%] of 205 patients in the low PEEP group; hypoinflammatory subphenotype: 231 [34%] of 675 patients in the high PEEP group vs 233 [32%] of 734 patients in the low PEEP group). Interpretation: Classifier models using clinical variables alone can accurately assign ARDS subphenotypes in observational cohorts. Application of these models can provide valuable prognostic information and could inform management strategies for personalised treatment, including application of PEEP, once prospectively validated. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.
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| 5. |
- Yang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Non-invasive (non-contact) measurements of human thermal physiology signals and thermal comfort/discomfort poses -A review
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0378-7788 .- 1872-6178. ; 224
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems have been adopted to create comfortable, healthy and safe indoor environments. In the control loop, the technical feature of the human demand-oriented supply can help operate HVAC effectively. Among many technical options, real time monitoring based on feedback signals from end users has been frequently reported as a critical technology to confirm optimizing building performance. Recent studies have incorporated human thermal physiology signals and thermal comfort/discomfort status as real-time feedback signals. A series of human subject experiments used to be conducted by primarily adopting subjective questionnaire surveys in a lab-setting study, which is limited in the application for reality. With the help of advanced technologies, physiological signals have been detected, measured and processed by using multiple technical formats, such as wearable sensors. Nevertheless, they mostly require physical contacts with the skin surface in spite of the small physical dimension and compatibility with other wearable accessories, such as goggles, and intelligent bracelets. Most recently, a low cost small infrared camera has been adopted for monitoring human facial images, which could detect the facial skin temperature and blood perfusion in a contact less way. Also, according to latest pilot studies, a conventional digital camera can generate infrared images with the help of new methods, such as the Euler video magnification technology. Human thermal comfort/discomfort poses can also be detected by video methods without contacting human bodies and be analyzed by the skeleton keypoints model. In this review, new sensing technologies were summarized, their cons and pros were discussed, and extended applications for the demand-oriented ventilation were also reviewed as potential development and applications.
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| 6. |
- Zhang, Jibin, et al.
(författare)
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Ligand-Induced Cation-p Interactions Enable High-Efficiency, Bright, and Spectrally Stable Rec. 2020 Pure-Red Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Achieving high-performance perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with pure-red electroluminescence for practical applications remains a critical challenge because of the problematic luminescence property and spectral instability of existing emitters. Herein, high-efficiency Rec. 2020 pure-red PeLEDs, simultaneously exhibiting exceptional brightness and spectral stability, based on CsPb(Br/I)(3) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) capping with aromatic amino acid ligands featuring cation-pi interactions, are reported. It is proven that strong cation-pi interactions between the PbI6-octahedra of perovskite units and the electron-rich indole ring of tryptophan (TRP) molecules not only chemically polish the imperfect surface sites, but also markedly increase the binding affinity of the ligand molecules, leading to high photoluminescence quantum yields and greatly enhanced spectral stability of the CsPb(Br/I)(3) NCs. Moreover, the incorporation of small-size aromatic TRP ligands ensures superior charge-transport properties of the assembled emissive layers. The resultant devices emitting at around 635 nm demonstrate a champion external quantum efficiency of 22.8%, a max luminance of 12 910 cd m(-2), and outstanding spectral stability, representing one of the best-performing Rec. 2020 pure-red PeLEDs achieved so far.
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| 7. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 8. |
- Zheng, Pai, et al.
(författare)
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Augmented Reality-assisted Mutual Cognitive System for Human-Robot Interaction Safety Concerns
- 2023
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Ingår i: Jixie Gongcheng Xuebao/Journal of Mechanical Engineering. - : Chinese Mechanical Engineering Society. - 0577-6686. ; 59:6, s. 173-184
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In modern manufacturing, the interaction and symbiosis between humans and the industrial robot are one of the foci of smart manufacturing. During human-robot interaction(HRI), the potential risk of any injury to workers caused by industrial robots is very critical and should be well-addressed to ensure manufacturing safety. However, in the dynamic and uncertain manufacturing environment, the current HRI safety is still based on the robot's perception of the environment to achieve collision avoidance, lacking adaptable decision-makings under mutual cognition. Therefore, to enhance the cognition of human operators in the working environment and improve the robot's collision avoidance and adaptive motion planning capabilities, this work designs and further implements a mutual cognitive HRI safety system based on augmented reality (AR) in a wearable manner. In the proposed system, the wearable AR device serves as the bridging interface to realize the virtual-real registration of the robot, the virtual-physical mapping of the working environment of the HRI process, and to collect the information of human, robot, and working space. In addition to these, a hierarchical HRI safety strategy is introduced for real-time mutual cognitive assistance to both humans and robots, namely: 1) robot motion speed control and safety area visualization based on human-robot distance, 2) virtual-physical mapping for robot motion preview and collision detection, and 3) deep reinforcement learning-driven motion planning for collision avoidance strategies generation. Lastly, a prototype system is further developed to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategies. By leveraging advanced artificial intelligence and human-robot interaction technologies, it is envisioned this work can bring insightful safety protection mechanisms to better achieve symbiotic human-robot collaboration.
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| 9. |
- Cai, Demin, et al.
(författare)
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Gestational dietary betaine supplementation suppresses hepatic expression of lipogenic genes in neonatal piglets through epigenetic and glucocorticoid receptor-dependent mechanisms
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. - : Elsevier BV. - 1388-1981 .- 1879-2618. ; 1861:1, s. 41-50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methyl donors play critical roles in nutritional programming through epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here we fed gestational sows with control or betaine-supplemented diets (3 g/kg) throughout the pregnancy to explore the effects of maternal methyl-donor nutrient on neonatal expression of hepatic lipogenic genes. Betaine-exposed piglets demonstrated significantly lower liver triglyceride content associated with down-regulated hepatic expression of lipogenic genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c. Moreover, s-adenosyl methionine to s-adenosyl homocysteine ratio was elevated in the liver of betaine-exposed piglets, which was accompanied by DNA hypermethylation on FAS and SCD gene promoters and more enriched repression histone mark H31K27me3 on SCD gene promoter. Furthermore, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding to SCD gene promoter was diminished along with reduced serum cortisol and liver GR protein content in betaine-exposed piglets. GR-mediated SCD gene regulation was confirmed in HepG2 cells in vitro. Dexamethasone (Dex) drastically increased the luciferase activity of porcine SCD promoter, while the deletion of GR response element on SCD promoter significantly attenuated Dex-mediated SCD transactivation. In addition, miR-let-7e, miR-1285 and miR-124a, which respectively target porcine SCD, ACC and GR, were significantly up-regulated in the liver of betaine-exposed piglets, being in accordance with decreased protein content of these three genes. Taken together, our results suggest that maternal dietary betaine supplementation during gestation attenuates hepatic lipogenesis in neonatal piglets via epigenetic and GR-mediated mechanisms.
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| 10. |
- Chen, Chao, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Salt Tracer Amount, Concentration and Kind on the Fluid Flow Behavior in a Hydrodynamic Model of Continuous Casting Tundish
- 2012
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Ingår i: Steel Research International. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1611-3683 .- 1869-344X. ; 83:12, s. 1141-1151
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hydrodynamic modeling method that widely used to simulate the fluid flow was reconsidered and discussed in this paper. The effects of injected salt tracer amount, concentration and kind on the fluid flow behavior in a hydrodynamic model tundish were investigated. The results were compared with the mathematical modeling calculation results, that the tracer density effect was eliminated. The residence time distribution (RTD) curve of tracer introduced deviated to the left side of the calculated curve, besides the deviation was increased as dimensionless tracer amount (the ratio of tracer amount to hydrodynamic model tundish volume) increased from 0.202 × 10−3 to 1.008 × 10−3. The results of tracer concentration study were similar, namely the deviation was increased with concentration increased; on the other hand, the deformation of a “stair-shape” RTD curve occurred when tracer concentration was much lower (at dimensionless tracer amount of 0.168 × 10−3 with converting to saturated solution). Besides, the effect of tracer kind on the accuracy of hydrodynamic modeling was also studied; the measurements of KCl solution with lower density than that of NaCl solution exhibited more of accuracy. Finally, the optimized tracer in hydrodynamic model tundish of present work is saturated KCl solution with dimensionless tracer amount of 0.202 × 10−3.
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| 11. |
- Guo (郭佳诚), Jiacheng, et al.
(författare)
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Vortex dynamics and fin-fin interactions resulting in performance enhancement in fish-like propulsion
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Fluids. - 2469-990X. ; 8:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The leading-edge vortex (LEV) formation on the caudal fin (CF) has been identified as playing a key role in efficient lift-based thrust production of fish-like propulsion. The enhancement of the CF LEV through its interaction with vortices formed upstream due to a median fin with a distinct shape is the focus of this paper. High-speed, high-fidelity videos and particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) were obtained from rainbow trout during steady forward swimming to visualize the undulatory kinematics and two-dimensional flow behavior. Body kinematics are quantified using a traveling-wave formulation that is used to prescribe the motion of a high-fidelity three-dimensional surface model of the fish body for a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study. The pressure field of the CFD result is compared and validated with the PIV result from the experiment. Using CFD, the vortex forming and shedding behaviors of the anal fin (AF) and their capturing and interaction with the trunk (TK) and the CF are visualized and examined. Coherent AF-bound LEVs are found to form periodically, leading to thrust production of the AF. The vortices subsequently shed from the AF are found to help stabilize and reinforce the LEV formation on the CF by aiding LEV initiation at stroke reversal and enhancing LEV during a tail stroke, which leads to enhancement of lift-based thrust production. The CF is found to shed vortex tubes (VTs) that create backward-facing jets, and the ventral-side VT and the associated backward jets are both strengthened by vortices shed by the AF. An additional benefit of the AF is found to be reduction of body drag by reducing the lateral crossflow that leads to loss of beneficial pressure gradient across the body. Through varying AF-CF spacing and AF height, we find that CF thrust enhancement and TK drag reduction due to the AF are both affected by the position and size of the AF. The position and area of the AF that led to the most hydrodynamic benefit are found to be the original, anatomically accurate position and size. In this paper, we demonstrate the important effect of vortex interaction among propulsive surfaces in fish-like propulsion.
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| 12. |
- He, Haoran, et al.
(författare)
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Deciphering microbiomes dozens of meters under our feet and their edaphoclimatic and spatial drivers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - 1354-1013. ; 30:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Microbes inhabiting deep soil layers are known to be different from their counterpart in topsoil yet remain under investigation in terms of their structure, function, and how their diversity is shaped. The microbiome of deep soils (>1 m) is expected to be relatively stable and highly independent from climatic conditions. Much less is known, however, on how these microbial communities vary along climate gradients. Here, we used amplicon sequencing to investigate bacteria, archaea, and fungi along fifteen 18-m depth profiles at 20–50-cm intervals across contrasting aridity conditions in semi-arid forest ecosystems of China's Loess Plateau. Our results showed that bacterial and fungal α diversity and bacterial and archaeal community similarity declined dramatically in topsoil and remained relatively stable in deep soil. Nevertheless, deep soil microbiome still showed the functional potential of N cycling, plant-derived organic matter degradation, resource exchange, and water coordination. The deep soil microbiome had closer taxa–taxa and bacteria–fungi associations and more influence of dispersal limitation than topsoil microbiome. Geographic distance was more influential in deep soil bacteria and archaea than in topsoil. We further showed that aridity was negatively correlated with deep-soil archaeal and fungal richness, archaeal community similarity, relative abundance of plant saprotroph, and bacteria–fungi associations, but increased the relative abundance of aerobic ammonia oxidation, manganese oxidation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal in the deep soils. Root depth, complexity, soil volumetric moisture, and clay play bridging roles in the indirect effects of aridity on microbes in deep soils. Our work indicates that, even microbial communities and nutrient cycling in deep soil are susceptible to changes in water availability, with consequences for understanding the sustainability of dryland ecosystems and the whole-soil in response to aridification. Moreover, we propose that neglecting soil depth may underestimate the role of soil moisture in dryland ecosystems under future climate scenarios.
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| 13. |
- Li, Sirui, et al.
(författare)
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Glioma grading, molecular feature classification, and microstructural characterization using MR diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) imaging
- 2021
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 31:11, s. 8197-8207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To evaluate the potential of diffusional variance decomposition (DIVIDE) for grading, molecular feature classification, and microstructural characterization of gliomas. Materials and methods: Participants with suspected gliomas underwent DIVIDE imaging, yielding parameter maps of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), anisotropic mean kurtosis (MKA), isotropic mean kurtosis (MKI), total mean kurtosis (MKT), MKA/MKT, and microscopic fractional anisotropy (μFA). Tumor type and grade, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1/2 mutant status, and the Ki-67 labeling index (Ki-67 LI) were determined after surgery. Statistical analysis included 33 high-grade gliomas (HGG) and 17 low-grade gliomas (LGG). Tumor diffusion metrics were compared between HGG and LGG, among grades, and between wild and mutated IDH types using appropriate tests according to normality assessment results. Receiver operating characteristic and Spearman correlation analysis were also used for statistical evaluations. Results: FA, MD, MKA, MKI, MKT, μFA, and MKA/MKT differed between HGG and LGG (FA: p = 0.047; MD: p = 0.037, others p < 0.001), and among glioma grade II, III, and IV (FA: p = 0.048; MD: p = 0.038, others p < 0.001). All diffusion metrics differed between wild-type and mutated IDH tumors (MKI: p = 0.003; others: p < 0.001). The metrics that best discriminated between HGG and LGGs and between wild-type and mutated IDH tumors were MKT and FA respectively (area under the curve 0.866 and 0.881). All diffusion metrics except FA showed significant correlation with Ki-67 LI, and MKI had the highest correlation coefficient (rs = 0.618). Conclusion: DIVIDE is a promising technique for glioma characterization and diagnosis. Key Points: • DIVIDE metrics MKIis related to cell density heterogeneity while MKAand μFA are related to cell eccentricity. • DIVIDE metrics can effectively differentiate LGG from HGG and IDH mutation from wild-type tumor, and showed significant correlation with the Ki-67 labeling index. • MKIwas larger than MKAwhich indicates predominant cell density heterogeneity in gliomas. • MKAand MKIincreased with grade or degree of malignancy, however with a relatively larger increase in the cell eccentricity metric MKAin relation to the cell density heterogeneity metric MKI.
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| 14. |
- Li, Xiansheng, et al.
(författare)
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A Multifunctional Small-Molecule Hole- Transporting Material Enables Perovskite QLEDs with EQE Exceeding 20%
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACS Energy Letters. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 2380-8195. ; 8:3, s. 1445-1454
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play critical roles in the device performance and stability of perovskite quantum dot light-emitting diodes (Pe-QLEDs). However, the development of small-molecule HTMs for achieving high-performance Pe-QLEDs has proven to be very challenging because of their low hole mobility and poor solvent resistance. Herein, we tailor-made a multifunc-tional small-molecule HTM, termed X10, with methoxy as the substituents, for application in Pe-QLEDs. X10 features high hole mobility, good film-forming ability, and strong solvent resistance ability as well as defect passivation effect. Subsequently, Pe-QLEDs employing X10 as HTM presented a promising external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.18%, which is 7-fold higher than that of the reference HTM-TCTA-based ones (EQE approximate to 2.88%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case in which a small-molecule HTM displays a high EQE over 20% in Pe-QLEDs. Our work provides important guidance for the rational design of multifunctional small-molecule HTMs for high-performance Pe-QLEDs.
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| 15. |
- Ma, Jinchen, et al.
(författare)
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Sulfur fate during in-situ gasification chemical looping combustion (iG-CLC) of coal
- 2021
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 1385-8947. ; 406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur conversion during in-situ gasification chemical looping combustion (iG-CLC) of coal is consisted by pyrolysis and char gasification. Insight into the fate of sulfur in these two processes is essential for exploring appropriate strategies for sulfur emission control, whereas in most of works the pyrolysis and gasification could not be fully identified. In this case, a two-stage fluidized bed reactor system comprising a lower and a higher reactor was used to generate in-situ and separate gases from pyrolysis and gasification in this work. Sulfurous gases including H2S, COS, CS2 and SO2 were experimentally studied under various conditions by changing operation temperature (T), O/fuel ratio (Φ) and OC reduction degree (XOC), while the solid samples were regularly collected for the characterization using different techniques. It was found that the sol-gel Fe2O3/Al2O3 was a sulfur resistant OC during the iG-CLC process, thus no formation of sulfur components in the material. The values of T and Φ have positive effect on the conversion of sulfurous gases to SO2, whereas a lower XOC value can improve the conversion of H2S. The main components from volatiles (mainly H2S and CS2) and from char (mainly COS) can be effectively converted to SO2 by the OC material. The coal ash exhibited a desulfurization function, as some sulfur contents were retained as CaSO4 during the iG-CLC tests. Finally, the fate of sulfur in coal during iG-CLC was comprehensively mapped, which would be significant for developing strategies for sulfur emission control.
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| 16. |
- Shao, W., et al.
(författare)
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Blind deblurring using discriminative image smoothing
- 2018
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Ingår i: 1st Chinese Conference on Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision, PRCV 2018. - Cham : Springer Verlag. - 9783030033972 ; , s. 490-500
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to exploit the full potential of gradient-based methods, attempting to explore a simple, robust yet discriminative image prior for blind deblurring. The specific contributions are three-fold: Above all, a pure gradient-based heavy-tailed model is proposed as a generalized integration of the normalized sparsity and the relative total variation. On the second, a plug-and-play algorithm is deduced to alternatively estimate the intermediate sharp image and the nonparametric blur kernel. With the numerical scheme, image estimation is simplified to an image smoothing problem. Lastly, a great many experiments are performed accompanied with comparisons with state-of-the-art approaches on synthetic benchmark datasets and real blurry images in various scenarios. The experimental results show well the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method.
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| 17. |
- Shao, Wen-Ze, et al.
(författare)
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DeblurGAN plus : Revisiting blind motion deblurring using conditional adversarial networks
- 2020
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Ingår i: Signal Processing. - : ELSEVIER. - 0165-1684 .- 1872-7557. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work studies dynamic scene deblurring (DSD) of a single photograph, mainly motivated by the very recent DeblurGAN method. It is discovered that training the generator alone of DeblurGAN will result in both regular checkerboard effects and irregular block color excursions unexpectedly. In this paper, two aspects of endeavors are made for a more effective and robust adversarial learning approach to DSD. On the one hand, a kind of opposite-channel -based discriminative priors is developed, improving the deblurring performance of DeblurGAN without additional computational burden in the testing phase. On the other hand, a computationally more efficient while architecturally more robust auto -encoder is developed as a substitute of the original generator in DeblurGAN, promoting DeblurGAN to a new state-of-the-art method for DSD. For brevity, the proposed approach is dubbed as DeblurGAN+. Experimental results on the benchmark GoPro dataset validate that DeblurGAN+ achieves more than 1.5 dB improvement than DeblurGAN in terms of PSNR as trained utilizing the same amount of data. More importantly, the results on realistic non -uniform blurred images demonstrate that DeblurGAN+ is really more effective than DeblurGAN as well as most of variational model-based methods in terms of both blur removal and detail recovery.
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| 18. |
- Shao, Wen-ZE, et al.
(författare)
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Gradient-based discriminative modeling for blind image deblurring
- 2020
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 413, s. 305-327
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Blind image deconvolution is a fundamental task in image processing, computational imaging, and computer vision. It has earned intensive attention in the past decade since the seminal work of Fergus et al. [1] for camera shake removal. In spite of the recent great progress in this field, this paper aims to formulate the blind problem with a simpler modeling perspective. What is more important, the newly proposed approach is expected to achieve comparable or even better performance towards the real blurred images. Specifically, the core critical idea is the proposal of a pure gradient-based discriminative prior for accurate and robust blur kernel estimation. Numerous experimental results on both the benchmark datasets and real-world blurred images in various imaging scenarios, e.g., natural, manmade, low-illumination, text, or people, demonstrate well the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed approach.
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| 19. |
- Shao, Wen-Ze, et al.
(författare)
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Nonparametric Blind Super-Resolution Using Adaptive Heavy-Tailed Priors
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision. - : Springer. - 0924-9907 .- 1573-7683. ; 61:6, s. 885-917
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Single-image nonparametric blind super-resolution is a fundamental image restoration problem yet largely ignored in the past decades among the computational photography and computer vision communities. An interesting phenomenon is observed that learning-based single-image super-resolution (SR) has been experiencing a rapid development since the boom of the sparse representation in 2005s and especially the representation learning in 2010s, wherein the high-res image is generally blurred by a supposed bicubic or Gaussian blur kernel. However, the parametric assumption on the form of blur kernels does not hold in most practical applications because in real low-res imaging a high-res image can undergo complex blur processes, e.g., Gaussian-shaped kernels of varying sizes, ellipse-shaped kernels of varying orientations, curvilinear kernels of varying trajectories. The paper is mainly motivated by one of our previous works: Shao and Elad (in: Zhang (ed) ICIG 2015, Part III, Lecture notes in computer science, Springer, Cham, 2015). Specifically, we take one step further in this paper and present a type of adaptive heavy-tailed image priors, which result in a new regularized formulation for nonparametric blind super-resolution. The new image priors can be expressed and understood as a generalized integration of the normalized sparsity measure and relative total variation. Although it seems that the proposed priors are simple, the core merit of the priors is their practical capability for the challenging task of nonparametric blur kernel estimation for both super-resolution and deblurring. Harnessing the priors, a higher-quality intermediate high-res image becomes possible and therefore more accurate blur kernel estimation can be accomplished. A great many experiments are performed on both synthetic and real-world blurred low-res images, demonstrating the comparative or even superior performance of the proposed algorithm convincingly. Meanwhile, the proposed priors are demonstrated quite applicable to blind image deblurring which is a degenerated problem of nonparametric blind SR.
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| 20. |
- Shao, Wen-Ze, et al.
(författare)
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On potentials of regularized Wasserstein generative adversarial networks for realistic hallucination of tiny faces
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neurocomputing. - : ELSEVIER. - 0925-2312 .- 1872-8286. ; 364, s. 1-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Super-resolution of facial images, a.k.a. face hallucination, has been intensively studied in the past decades due to the increasingly emerging analysis demands in video surveillance, e.g., face detection, verification, identification. However, the actual performance of most previous hallucination approaches will drop dramatically when a very low-res tiny face is provided, due to the challenging multimodality of the problem as well as lack of an informative prior as a strong semantic guidance. Inspired by the latest progress in deep unsupervised learning, this paper focuses on tiny faces of size 16 x 16 pixels, hallucinating them to their 8 x upsampling versions by exploring the potentials of Wasserstein generative adversarial networks (WGAN). Besides a pixel-wise L2 regularization term imposed to the generative model, it is found that our advocated autoencoding generator with both residual and skip connections is a critical component for WGAN representing the facial contour and semantic content to a reasonable precision. With the additional Lipschitz penalty and architectural considerations for the critic in WGAN, the proposed approach finally achieves state-of-the-art hallucination performance in terms of both visual perception and objective assessment. The cropped CelebA face dataset is primarily used to aid the tuning and analysis of the new method, termed as tfh-WGAN. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach not only achieves realistic hallucination of tiny faces, but also adapts to pose, expression, illuminance and occluded variations to a great degree.
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| 21. |
- Shao, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility of Using Floor Vibration to Detect Human Falls
- 2021
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 18:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the increasing aging population in modern society, falls as well as fall-induced injuries in elderly people become one of the major public health problems. This study proposes a classification framework that uses floor vibrations to detect fall events as well as distinguish different fall postures. A scaled 3D-printed model with twelve fully adjustable joints that can simulate human body movement was built to generate human fall data. The mass proportion of a human body takes was carefully studied and was reflected in the model. Object drops, human falling tests were carried out and the vibration signature generated in the floor was recorded for analyses. Machine learning algorithms including K-means algorithm and K nearest neighbor algorithm were introduced in the classification process. Three classifiers (human walking versus human fall, human fall versus object drop, human falls from different postures) were developed in this study. Results showed that the three proposed classifiers can achieve the accuracy of 100, 85, and 91%. This paper developed a framework of using floor vibration to build the pattern recognition system in detecting human falls based on a machine learning approach.
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| 22. |
- Shen, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Increased Plasma Beta-Secretase 1 May Predict Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease Dementia in Individuals With Mild Cognitive Impairment.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Biological psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2402 .- 1873-2402 .- 0006-3223. ; 83:5, s. 447-455
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) activity has consistently been detected in brain tissue and cerebrospinal fluid of subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) compared with control subjects. The collection of cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture is invasive. We sought to identify the presence of plasma BACE1 activity and determine potential alterations in subjects with MCI with clinical follow-up examinations for 3 years using patients with diagnosed probable AD dementia compared with healthy control subjects.Seventy-five patients with probable AD, 96 individuals with MCI, and 53 age-matched and sex-matched healthy control subjects were recruited from three independent international academic memory clinics and AD research expert centers. Plasma BACE1 activity was measured by a synthetic fluorescence substrate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BACE1 protein expression was assessed by Western blotting using three different antibodies that recognize the epitopes of the N-terminus, C-terminus, and full-length BACE1.Compared with healthy control subjects, plasma BACE1 activity (Vmax) significantly increased by 53.2% in subjects with MCI and by 68.9% in patients with probable AD. Subjects with MCI who converted to probable AD dementia at follow-up examinations exhibited significantly higher BACE1 activity compared with cognitively stable MCI nonconverters and showed higher levels of BACE1 activity than patients with AD.Plasma BACE1 activity is significantly increased in MCI converters and patients with probable AD. The sensitivities and specificities of BACE1 activity for the patients were 84% and 88%, respectively. Our results indicate that plasma BACE1 activity may be a biomarker for AD risk and could predict progression from prodromal to probable AD dementia.
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| 23. |
- Teng, Fei, et al.
(författare)
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Multimedia Monitoring System of Obstructive Sleep Apnea via Deep Active Learning Model
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Multimedia. - : IEEE. - 1070-986X .- 1941-0166. ; 29:3, s. 48-56
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep-related breathing disorders. Nearly 1 billion people worldwide suffer from it, causing serious health effects and social burden. However, traditional monitoring systems often fall short in terms of cost and accessibility. In this article, we first propose a deep active learning model to detect OSA events from electrocardiogram (ECG). We then designed and developed a prototype of OSA monitoring system using ECG sensor and smartphone, in which our OSA detection algorithm is implemented and validated. Experiments show that we achieve accuracy of 92.15% while using 40% of labeled data, significantly reducing the cost of labeling and maximizing the performance. According to detection results and health-related multimedia signals, we provide OSA risk level and medical advice to users. We believe that the multimedia monitoring system can efficiently help diagnose OSA, which could lead to effective intervention strategies and better sleep care.
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| 24. |
- Wang, Longxin, et al.
(författare)
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Telomere-to-telomere and haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the Chinese cork oak (Quercus variabilis)
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Quercus variabilis, a deciduous broadleaved tree species, holds significant ecological and economical value. While a chromosome-level genome for this species has been made available, it remains riddled with unanchored sequences and gaps. In this study, we present a nearly complete comprehensive telomere-to-telomere (T2T) and haplotype-resolved reference genome for Q. variabilis. This was achieved through the integration of ONT ultra-long reads, PacBio HiFi long reads, and Hi-C data. The resultant two haplotype genomes measure 789 Mb and 768 Mb in length, with a contig N50 of 65 Mb and 56 Mb, and were anchored to 12 allelic chromosomes. Within this T2T haplotype-resolved assembly, we predicted 36,830 and 36,370 protein-coding genes, with 95.9% and 96.0% functional annotation for each haplotype genome. The availability of the T2T and haplotype-resolved reference genome lays a solid foundation, not only for illustrating genome structure and functional genomics studies but also to inform and facilitate genetic breeding and improvement of cultivated Quercus species.
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| 25. |
- Wang, Xiangyang, et al.
(författare)
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Design of a Passive Gait-based Ankle-foot Exoskeleton with Self-adaptive Capability
- 2020
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Ingår i: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering. - : Springer Nature. - 1000-9345 .- 2192-8258. ; 33:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Propulsion during push-off is the key to realizing human locomotion. Humans have evolved a way of walking with high energy utilization, but it can be further improved. Drawing inspiration from the muscle-tendon unit, a passive spring-actuated ankle-foot exoskeleton is designed to assist with human walking and to lengthen walking duration by mechanically enhancing walking efficiency. Detection of the gait events is realized using a smart clutch, which is designed to detect the contact states between the shoe sole and the ground, and automatically switch its working state. The engagement of a suspended spring behind the human calf muscles is hence controlled and is in synchrony with gait. The device is completely passive and contains no external power source. Energy is stored and returned passively using the clutch. In our walking trials, the soleus electromyography activity is reduced by as much as 72.2% when the proposed ankle-foot exoskeleton is worn on the human body. The influence of the exoskeleton on walking habits is also studied. The results show the potential use of the exoskeleton in humans' daily life.
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| 26. |
- Wang, Yuwen, et al.
(författare)
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Fast room-temperature hydrogenation of nitroaromatics on Pd nanocrystal-boron cluster/graphene oxide nanosheets
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Catalysis. - : Elsevier. - 2468-8231. ; 529
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reduction of nitroaromatics to aminoaromatics is essential for fine chemical production and effective sewage treatment. However, the activity of an external catalyst is essential for the reaction. In this study, Pd nanocrystals were anchored in situ on two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO), which acted as a catalyst support with high specific surface area. The oxygen-containing groups on the surface of GO bonded to the functionally rich boron clusters through hydrogen bonding interactions. A mildly reducible closed-dodecahydrododecaboric acid anion cluster (closo‑[B12H12]2–) was employed as the target site. The mild reducibility of closo‑[B12H12]2– resulted in a wide dispersion of ultrafine Pd nanocrystals on GO. Under ambient conditions, Pd/BGO rapidly hydrogenated nitroaromatics, such as 4-nitrophenol, to aminoaromatics with approximately 100% efficiency. Moreover, Pd/BGO retained its high catalytic activity for the hydrogenation/reduction of 4-nitrophenol after five catalytic cycles. Therefore, Pd/BGO could be a promising and economically viable candidate for various practical applications. The proposed innovative preparation strategy and highly efficient catalytic activity suggested the effective performance of closo‑[B12H12]2– as nanometal nucleation target sites. In addition to providing an alternate route for preparing supported nanometals, this study presents a stable and efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics.
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| 27. |
- Wang, Zhengxi, et al.
(författare)
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Platinum group nanoparticles doped BCN matrix : Efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 664, s. 84-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effective treatment of nitrate (NO3- ) in water as a nitrogen source and electrocatalytic NO3- reduction to ammonia (NH3 ) (NRA) have become preferred methods for NO3--to-NH3 conversion. Achieving efficient NO3--to-NH3 conversion requires the design and development of electrode materials with high activity and efficiency for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Herein, based on the special properties of dodecahydro- closo -dodecaborate anions, a BCN matrix, loaded with platinum -group nanoparticles (namely, Pd/BCN, Pt/BCN, and Ru/BCN), was prepared using a simple method for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Results showed that Pd/BCN exerts the best catalytic effect on the NRA reaction. The NH3 production rate reached 12.71 mg h- mgcat.-1 at -1.0 V vs. RHE. Faraday efficiency reached 91.79 %, which can be attributed to the more uniform distribution of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, Pd/BCN exhibited high cycling stability and resistance to ionic interference. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations indicated that small and well -distributed Pd nanoclusters in the BCN matrix have a large active surface area and promote the catalytic process. This study provides a new strategy to design catalysts for green ammonia synthesis.
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| 28. |
- Wang, Zhengxi, et al.
(författare)
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Platinum group nanoparticles doped BCN matrix: Efficient catalysts for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 664, s. 84-95
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effective treatment of nitrate (NO 3 - ) in water as a nitrogen source and electrocatalytic NO 3 - reduction to ammonia (NH 3 ) (NRA) have become preferred methods for NO 3 - -to-NH 3 conversion. Achieving efficient NO 3 - -toNH 3 conversion requires the design and development of electrode materials with high activity and efficiency for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Herein, based on the special properties of dodecahydro- closo -dodecaborate anions, a BCN matrix, loaded with platinum -group nanoparticles (namely, Pd/BCN, Pt/BCN, and Ru/BCN), was prepared using a simple method for the electrocatalytic NRA reaction. Results showed that Pd/BCN exerts the best catalytic effect on the NRA reaction. The NH 3 production rate reached 12.71 mg h -1 mg cat. - 1 at -1.0 V vs. RHE. Faraday efficiency reached 91.79 %, which can be attributed to the more uniform distribution of the nanoparticles. Furthermore, Pd/BCN exhibited high cycling stability and resistance to ionic interference. Moreover, the density functional theory calculations indicated that small and well -distributed Pd nanoclusters in the BCN matrix have a large active surface area and promote the catalytic process. This study provides a new strategy to design catalysts for green ammonia synthesis.
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| 29. |
- Xiong, Yan, et al.
(författare)
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Small molecule Z363 co-regulates TAF10 and MYC via the E3 ligase TRIP12 to suppress tumour growth
- 2023
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Ingår i: CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE. - : JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD. - 2001-1326. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundThe MYC oncoprotein, also known as the master regulator of genes, is a transcription factor that regulates numerous physiological processes, including cell cycle control, apoptosis, protein synthesis and cell adhesion, among others. MYC is overexpressed in approximately 70% of human cancers. Given its pervasive role in cancer biology, MYC down-regulation has become an attractive cancer treatment strategy. MethodsThe CRISPR/Cas9 method was used to produce KO cell models. Western blot was used to analyzed the expressions of MYC and TATA-binding proteinassociated factors 10 (TAF10) in cancer cells (MCF7, A549, HepG2 cells) Cell culture studies were performed to determine the mechanisms by which small molecules (Z363119456, Z363) affects MYC and TAF10 expressions and functions. Mouse studies were carried out to investigate the impact of Z363 regulation on tumor growth. ResultsZ363 activate Thyroid hormone Receptor-interacting Protein 12 (TRIP12), which phosphorylates MYC at Thr58, resulting in MYC ubiquitination and degradation and thereby regulating MYC target genes. Importantly, TRIP12 also induces TAF10 degradation, which reduces MYC protein levels. TRIP12, an E3 ligase, controls MYC levels both directly and indirectly by inhibiting MYC or TAF10 activity. ConclusionsIn summary,these results demonstrate the anti-cancer properties of Z363, a small molecule that is co-regulated by TAF10 and MYC.
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| 30. |
- Xu, Xiaoran, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Boron Cluster Supramolecular Frameworks as Metal-Free Chemodynamic Therapy Agents for Melanoma
- 2023
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Ingår i: Small. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a highly targeted approach to treat cancer since it converts hydrogen peroxide into harmful hydroxyl radicals (OH & BULL;) through Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. However, the systemic toxicity of metal-based CDT agents has limited their clinical applications. Herein, a metal-free CDT agent: 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT)/ [closo-B12H12]2-(TPT@ B12H12) is reported. Compared to the traditional metal-based CDT agents, TPT@B12H12 is free of metal avoiding cumulative toxicity during long-term therapy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that TPT@B12H12 decreased the activation barrier more than 3.5 times being a more effective catalyst than the Fe2+ ion (the Fenton reaction), which decreases the barrier about twice. Mechanismly, the theory calculation indicated that both [B12H12]-& BULL; and [TPT-H]2+ have the capacity to decompose hydrogen into 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL;. With electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescent probes, it is confirmed that TPT@B12H12 increases the levels of 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL;. More importantly, TPT@B12H12 effectively suppress the melanoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL; generation. This study specifically highlights the great clinical translational potential of TPT@B12H12 as a CDT reagent. 2,4,6-Tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT)/ [closo-B12H12]2-(TPT@B12H12), a metal-free chemodynamic therapy (CDT) agent, decreases the activation barrier more than 3.5 times being a more effective catalyst than the Fe2+ ion (the Fenton reaction), which decreases the barrier about twice. More importantly, TPT@B12H12 effectively suppress the melanoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL; generation. image
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| 31. |
- Xu, Xiaoran, et al.
(författare)
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Applications of Boron Cluster Supramolecular Frameworks as Metal-Free Chemodynamic Therapy Agents for Melanoma
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Small. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 20:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is a highly targeted approach to treat cancer since it converts hydrogen peroxide into harmful hydroxyl radicals (OH & BULL;) through Fenton or Fenton-like reactions. However, the systemic toxicity of metal-based CDT agents has limited their clinical applications. Herein, a metal-free CDT agent: 2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT)/ [closo-B12H12]2-(TPT@ B12H12) is reported. Compared to the traditional metal-based CDT agents, TPT@B12H12 is free of metal avoiding cumulative toxicity during long-term therapy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that TPT@B12H12 decreased the activation barrier more than 3.5 times being a more effective catalyst than the Fe2+ ion (the Fenton reaction), which decreases the barrier about twice. Mechanismly, the theory calculation indicated that both [B12H12]-& BULL; and [TPT-H]2+ have the capacity to decompose hydrogen into 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL;. With electron paramagnetic resonance and fluorescent probes, it is confirmed that TPT@B12H12 increases the levels of 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL;. More importantly, TPT@B12H12 effectively suppress the melanoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL; generation. This study specifically highlights the great clinical translational potential of TPT@B12H12 as a CDT reagent. 2,4,6-Tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT)/ [closo-B12H12]2-(TPT@B12H12), a metal-free chemodynamic therapy (CDT) agent, decreases the activation barrier more than 3.5 times being a more effective catalyst than the Fe2+ ion (the Fenton reaction), which decreases the barrier about twice. More importantly, TPT@B12H12 effectively suppress the melanoma growth both in vitro and in vivo through 1O2, OH & BULL;, and O2-& BULL; generation. image
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| 32. |
- Xu, Xiaoran, et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of iron-boride/carbon-nitride composites and their applications in chemodynamic therapy
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 658, s. 276-285
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging treatment strategy that inhibits tumor growth by catalyzing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals (center dot OH), using specific nanomaterials. Herein, we have developed a new class of iron-based nanomaterials, i.e., iron-based borides (FeB), using the superchaotropic effect of a boron cluster (closo-[B12H1212-) and organic ligands, followed by high-temperature calcination. Experimental data and theoretical calculations revealed that FeB nanoparticles exhibit a Fentonlike effect, efficiently decomposing hydrogen peroxide into center dot OH and thus increasing the concentration of ROS. FeB nanomaterials demonstrate excellent catalytic performance, efficiently generate ROS, and exert significant antitumor effects in cell experiments and animal models. Therefore, FeB nanomaterials have
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| 33. |
- Yan, J., et al.
(författare)
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Bimodal emotion recognition based on facial expression and speech
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications. - : Journal of Nanjing Institute of Posts and Telecommunications. - 1673-5439. ; 38:1, s. 60-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the area of future artificial intelligence, the emotion recognition of the computers will play a more important role. For the bimodal emotion recognition from facial expression and speech, a feature fusion method based on sparse canonical correlation analysis is presented. Firstly, the emotion features from facial expression and speech are respectively extract. Then, the parse canonical correlation analysis is used to fuse the bimodal emotion features. Finally, the K-nearest neighbor classifier is used for emotion recognition. The experimental results show that the bimodal method based on the sparse canonical correlation analysis can obtain better recognition rate than the speech and the facial expression with single modal.
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| 34. |
- Yan, Jingjie, et al.
(författare)
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Sparse Kernel Reduced-Rank Regression for Bimodal Emotion Recognition From Facial Expression and Speech
- 2016
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Ingår i: IEEE transactions on multimedia. - 1520-9210 .- 1941-0077. ; 18:7, s. 1319-1329
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A novel bimodal emotion recognition approach from facial expression and speech based on the sparse kernel reduced-rank regression (SKRRR) fusion method is proposed in this paper. In this method, we use the openSMILE feature extractor and the scale invariant feature transform feature descriptor to respectively extract effective features from speech modality and facial expression modality, and then propose the SKRRR fusion approach to fuse the emotion features of two modalities. The proposed SKRRR method is a nonlinear extension of the traditional reduced-rank regression (RRR), where both predictor and response feature vectors in RRR are kernelized by being mapped onto two high-dimensional feature space via two nonlinear mappings, respectively. To solve the SKRRR problem, we propose a sparse representation (SR)-based approach to find the optimal solution of the coefficient matrices of SKRRR, where the introduction of the SR technique aims to fully consider the different contributions of training data samples to the derivation of optimal solution of SKRRR. Finally, we utilize the eNTERFACE '05 and AFEW4.0 bimodal emotion database to conduct the experiments of monomodal emotion recognition and bimodal emotion recognition, and the results indicate that our presented approach acquires the highest or comparable bimodal emotion recognition rate among some state-of-the-art approaches.
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| 35. |
- Yang, Haibo, et al.
(författare)
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Coupling Downscaling and Calibrating Methods for Generating High-Quality Precipitation Data with Multisource Satellite Data in the Yellow River Basin
- 2024
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Ingår i: Remote Sensing. - 2072-4292. ; 16:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote sensing precipitation data have the characteristics of wide coverage and revealing spatiotemporal information, but their spatial resolution is low. The accuracy of the data is obviously different in different study areas and hydrometeorological conditions. This study evaluated four precipitation products in the Yellow River basin from 2001 to 2019, constructed the optimal combined product, conducted downscaling with various machine algorithms, and performed corrections using meteorological station precipitation data to analyze the spatiotemporal trends of precipitation. The results showed that (1) GPM and MSWEP had the best four evaluation indicators, with R2 values of 0.93 and 0.90, respectively, and the smallest FSE and RMSE, with a BIAS close to 0. A high-precision mixed precipitation dataset, GPM-MSWEP, was constructed. (2) Among the three methods, the downscaling results of DFNN showed higher accuracy. (3) The results, after correction with GWR, could more effectively enhance the accuracy of the data. (4) Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin showed a decreasing trend in January, September, and December, while it exhibited an increasing trend in other months and seasons, with 2002 and 2016 being points of abrupt change. This study provides a reference for the production of high-precision satellite precipitation products in the Yellow River basin.
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| 36. |
- Zhang, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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An efficient tree-topological local mesh refinement on Cartesian grids for multiple moving objects in incompressible flow
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Computational Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9991 .- 1090-2716. ; 479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper develops a tree-topological local mesh refinement (TLMR) method on Cartesian grids for the simulation of bio-inspired flow with multiple moving objects. The TLMR nests refinement mesh blocks of structured grids to the target regions and arrange the blocks in a tree topology. The method solves the time-dependent incompressible flow using a fractional-step method and discretizes the Navier-Stokes equation using a finite-difference formulation with an immersed boundary method to resolve the complex boundaries. When iteratively solving the discretized equations across the coarse and fine TLMR blocks, for better accuracy and faster convergence, the momentum equation is solved on all blocks simultaneously, while the Poisson equation is solved recursively from the coarsest block to the finest ones. When the refined blocks of the same block are connected, the parallel Schwarz method is used to iteratively solve both the momentum and Poisson equations. Convergence studies show that the algorithm is second-order accurate in space for both velocity and pressure, and the developed mesh refinement technique is benchmarked and demonstrated by several canonical flow problems. The TLMR enables a fast solution to an incompressible flow problem with complex boundaries or multiple moving objects. Various bio-inspired flows of multiple moving objects show that the solver can save over 80% computational time, proportional to the grid reduction when refinement is applied.
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| 37. |
- Zhao, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Copper confined in vesicle-like BCN cavities promotes electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia in water
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 9:41, s. 23675-23686
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemical methods to convert high-concentration nitrates present in sewage into high-value-added ammonia do not just alleviate the problem of environmental pollution but also provide less energy-intensive alternatives to the Haber-Bosch process. In this work, a metal-boron organic polymer precursor was annealed at high temperature to obtain copper nanoparticles encapsulated in a vesicle-like BCN matrix (BCN@Cu). In the electrochemical reduction of nitrate (E-NIRR), this species exhibited excellent catalytic activity. Specifically, the ammonia yields of BCN@Cu under applied potentials of -0.3 V, -0.4 V, -0.5 V, and -0.6 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode were 271.1 mu mol h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1), 354.8 mu mol h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1), 435.6 mu mol h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1), and 576.2 mu mol h(-1) mg(cat.)(-1), respectively, and the corresponding Faraday efficiencies were 86.3%, 88.0%, 89.3%, and 88.9%. Isotope labeling experiments with (NO3-)-N-15 confirmed that the detected ammonia had originated from the electrochemical reduction of NO3- on the catalyst surface. Moreover, the E-NIRR activity of BCN@Cu remained high even after using it ten consecutive times or 20 h of continuous operation, suggesting the practicality of the industrial application of BCN@Cu. The presence of copper was key in determining BCN@Cus E-NIRR activity, while the presence of boron greatly improved its catalytic performance. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations indicated that BCN does not itself promote the reaction but rather assists the dispersion of Cu nanoparticles, thereby expanding the catalysts active surface area.
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| 38. |
- Zhao, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient degradation of Health-threatening organic pollutants in water by atomically dispersed Cobalt-Activated peroxymonosulfate
- 2022
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Ingår i: Chemical Engineering Journal. - : Elsevier. - 1385-8947 .- 1873-3212. ; 450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Degrading health-threatening organic pollutants (HTOPs) in water systems through advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is an effective way to treat environmental wastewater; however, such processes require advanced catalysts. This study combined complexation effects and structural confinement strategies to rapidly prepare Co2+-isolated metal–organic framework polymers and utilized a thermal treatment process to achieve the efficient anchoring of atom-dispersed Co in a boron–carbon-nitrogen matrix (denoted as SACoN/BCN), which can improve the utilization of Co catalytic sites. SACoN/BCN effectively activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS), with the ratio and mineralization rate of sulfamethazine (SMT) removed by degradation within 40 min reached 95.2 % and 70.0 %, respectively. Radical inhibition experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) tests showed that 1O2 generated from SACoN/BCN-activated PMS was the key reactive oxygen species that promoted HTOP degradation. Density functional theory calculations revealed that, following the introduction of electron-deficient B heteroatoms, electrons in PMS will be injected into SACoN/BCN, thereby realizing strong adsorption and further activation of PMS. The cytotoxicity of SACoN/BCN is almost negligible because of the chemical bonding (or entrapment) of Co atoms in the inorganic boron–carbon-nitrogen matrix, thereby preventing Co from forming mobile CoII ions in the aqueous system. This research provides information for advanced catalysts for the removal of HTOPs and experimental and theoretical inspiration for the preparation of single-atom catalysts for advanced oxidation processes and the mechanism of PMS activation.
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| 39. |
- Zhao, Xue, et al.
(författare)
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Potassium ions promote electrochemical nitrogen reduction on nano-Au catalysts triggered by bifunctional boron supramolecular assembly
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 8:26, s. 13086-13094
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrochemical way of reducing nitrogen to ammonia presents green and economic advantages to dial down irreversible damage caused by the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. Here, we introduce an advanced catalyst CB[7]-K-2[B12H12]@Au with highly dispersed and ultrafine nano-gold. The CB[7]-K-2[B12H12]@Au electrochemically driven ammonia yield and Faraday efficiency is as high as 41.69 mu g h(-1)mg(cat.)(-1)and 29.53% (at -0.4 Vvs.RHE), respectively, reaching the US Department of Energy (DOE) utility index of ambient ammonia production along with excellent cycle stability and tolerance that indicates a high potential of industrial practical value. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that the key to an excellent electrochemical nitrogen reduction performance lies in the smart design of the CB[7]-K-2[B12H12]@Au catalyst combining the stable substrate anchored Au nanoparticles and K(+)ions that effectively prevent the hydrogen evolution reaction and polarize *N(2)leading to lowering of the rate determining step. This research will promote the further development of electrochemical ammonia production with low environmental impact.
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| 40. |
- Zixin, Guo, et al.
(författare)
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The effects of three profiles on the mechanical properties and grain size of self-piercing riveting joints using ultrasonic welding
- 2023
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. - : Springer Science+Business Media B.V.. - 0268-3768 .- 1433-3015. ; 129:11-12, s. 4869-4882
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultrasonic welding has become a key joining approach in batteries and energy vehicles. This work reports the optimization in static property and stability of self-piercing riveting joints which is becoming the most versatile way to join microstructures. Tool heads of three different knurling profiles (e.g., A, B, and C) are used to perform ultrasonic composite with riveting. Based on tensile-shear tests, SEM, EDS, XRD, and Vickers microhardness analysis were conducted to investigate the comparative study of the fracture morphology, element distribution, phase structure, and hardness. The results indicated that all three types of knurling generate solid phase welding at the sheet joints. Thus, it improved the forming quality and mechanical properties of self-piercing riveting joints. The C-shaped welding tool head has advantageous effect on optimizing the mechanical properties of joints. Further, it enhanced the average peak load by 25.6%, the average failure displacement by 31.1%, and the average energy absorption by 88.8%. The microscopic results showed that a large amount of oxides are precipitated at the edge of welding joints when the B-shape knurling tool is used. The distribution of the hardness value of joints horizontal line is “M” shape. Besides, the coarse grains in the joint area and the interplanar space increase significantly after ultrasonic welding which softens the sheet. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.
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