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Sökning: WFRF:(Wang Hui Xin)

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2.
  • 2019
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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3.
  • Kristanl, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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4.
  • Kristan, Matej, et al. (författare)
  • The Ninth Visual Object Tracking VOT2021 Challenge Results
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: 2021 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2021). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781665401913 ; , s. 2711-2738
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2021 is the ninth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 71 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in recent years. The VOT2021 challenge was composed of four sub-challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2021 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2021 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2021 focused on long-term tracking, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance and (iv) VOT-RGBD2021 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2021 dataset was refreshed, while VOT-RGBD2021 introduces a training dataset and sequestered dataset for winner identification. The source code for most of the trackers, the datasets, the evaluation kit and the results along with the source code for most trackers are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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5.
  • Deng, Min, et al. (författare)
  • Genome-wide association analyses in Han Chinese identify two new susceptibility loci for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:6, s. 697-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • To identify susceptibility genes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 506 individuals with sporadic ALS and 1,859 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. Ninety top SNPs suggested by the current GWAS and 6 SNPs identified by previous GWAS were analyzed in an independent cohort of 706 individuals with ALS and 1,777 controls of Han Chinese ancestry. We discovered two new susceptibility loci for ALS at 1q32 (CAMK1G, rs6703183, P-combined = 2.92 x 10(-8), odds ratio (OR) = 1.31) and 22p11 (CABIN1 and SUSD2, rs8141797, P-combined = 2.35 x 10(-9), OR = 1.52). These two loci explain 12.48% of the overall variance in disease risk in the Han Chinese population. We found no association evidence for the previously reported loci in the Han Chinese population, suggesting genetic heterogeneity of disease susceptibility for ALS between ancestry groups. Our study identifies two new susceptibility loci and suggests new pathogenic mechanisms of ALS.
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6.
  • Jin, Ying-Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management of COVID-19 : An evidence-based clinical practice guideline (updated version)
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Military Medical Research. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2054-9369. ; 7:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting more than seventeen million people around the world. Diagnosis and treatment guidelines for clinicians caring for patients are needed. In the early stage, we have issued "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)"; now there are many direct evidences emerged and may change some of previous recommendations and it is ripe for develop an evidence-based guideline. We formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members proposed 29 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 covering the following areas: chemoprophylaxis, diagnosis, treatments, and discharge management. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of COVID-19, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 34 statements. Among them, 6 were strong recommendations for, 14 were weak recommendations for, 3 were weak recommendations against and 11 were ungraded consensus-based statement. They covered topics of chemoprophylaxis (including agents and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) agents), diagnosis (including clinical manifestations, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respiratory tract specimens, IgM and IgG antibody tests, chest computed tomography, chest x-ray, and CT features of asymptomatic infections), treatments (including lopinavir-ritonavir, umifenovir, favipiravir, interferon, remdesivir, combination of antiviral drugs, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, interleukin-6 inhibitors, interleukin-1 inhibitors, glucocorticoid, qingfei paidu decoction, lianhua qingwen granules/capsules, convalescent plasma, lung transplantation, invasive or noninvasive ventilation, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)), and discharge management (including discharge criteria and management plan in patients whose RT-PCR retesting shows SARS-CoV-2 positive after discharge). We also created two figures of these recommendations for the implementation purpose. We hope these recommendations can help support healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.
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7.
  • Liu, Zhigang, et al. (författare)
  • Gut microbiota mediates intermittent-fasting alleviation of diabetes-induced cognitive impairment
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723 .- 2041-1723. ; 11:1, s. 855-
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cognitive decline is one of the complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Intermittent fasting (IF) is a promising dietary intervention for alleviating T2D symptoms, but its protective effect on diabetes-driven cognitive dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we find that a 28-day IF regimen for diabetic mice improves behavioral impairment via a microbiota-metabolites-brain axis: IF enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism gene expression in hippocampus, re-structures the gut microbiota, and improves microbial metabolites that are related to cognitive function. Moreover, strong connections are observed between IF affected genes, microbiota and metabolites, as assessed by integrative modelling. Removing gut microbiota with antibiotics partly abolishes the neuroprotective effects of IF. Administration of 3-indolepropionic acid, serotonin, short chain fatty acids or tauroursodeoxycholic acid shows a similar effect to IF in terms of improving cognitive function. Together, our study purports the microbiota-metabolites-brain axis as a mechanism that can enable therapeutic strategies against metabolism-implicated cognitive pathophysiologies.
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8.
  • An, Junghwa, et al. (författare)
  • Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 October 2009-30 November 2009
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Molecular Ecology Resources. - : Wiley. - 1755-098X .- 1755-0998. ; 10:2, s. 404-408
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This article documents the addition of 411 microsatellite marker loci and 15 pairs of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) sequencing primers to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Anopheles lesteri, Aspergillus clavatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus terreus, Branchiostoma japonicum, Branchiostoma belcheri, Colias behrii, Coryphopterus personatus, Cynogolssus semilaevis, Cynoglossus semilaevis, Dendrobium officinale, Dendrobium officinale, Dysoxylum malabaricum, Metrioptera roeselii, Myrmeciza exsul, Ochotona thibetana, Neosartorya fischeri, Nothofagus pumilio, Onychodactylus fischeri, Phoenicopterus roseus, Salvia officinalis L., Scylla paramamosain, Silene latifo, Sula sula, and Vulpes vulpes. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Aspergillus giganteus, Colias pelidne, Colias interior, Colias meadii, Colias eurytheme, Coryphopterus lipernes, Coryphopterus glaucofrenum, Coryphopterus eidolon, Gnatholepis thompsoni, Elacatinus evelynae, Dendrobium loddigesii Dendrobium devonianum, Dysoxylum binectariferum, Nothofagus antarctica, Nothofagus dombeyii, Nothofagus nervosa, Nothofagus obliqua, Sula nebouxii, and Sula variegata. This article also documents the addition of 39 sequencing primer pairs and 15 allele specific primers or probes for Paralithodes camtschaticus.
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9.
  • Qian, Yan, et al. (författare)
  • Quantification for total demethylation potential of environmental samples utilizing the EGFP reporter gene
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials. - : Elsevier. - 0304-3894 .- 1873-3336. ; 306, s. 278-285
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Abstract The demethylation potential of pollutants is arguably an innate component of their toxicity in environmental samples. A method was developed for determining the total demethylation potential of food samples (TDQ). The demethylation epigenetic toxicity was determined using the Hep G2 cell line transfected with pEGFP-C3 plasmids containing a methylated promoter of the EGFP reporter gene. The total demethylation potential of the sample extracts (the 5-AZA-CdR demethylation toxic equivalency) can be quantified within one week by using a standard curve of the 5-AZA-CdR demethylation agent. To explore the applicability of TDQ for environmental samples, 17 groundwater samples were collected from heavy polluted Kuihe river and the total demethylation potentials of the sample extracts were measured successfully. Meaningful demethylation toxic equivalencies ranging from 0.00050 to 0.01747 μM were found in all groundwater sample extracts. Among 19 kinds of inorganic substance, As and Cd played important roles for individual contribution to the total demethylation epigenetic toxicity. The TDQ assay is reliable and fast for quantifying the DNA demethylation potential of environmental sample extracts, which may improve epigenetic toxicity evaluations for human risk assessment, and the consistent consuming of groundwater alongside the Kuihe river pose unexpected epigenetic health risk to the local residents.
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10.
  • Wang, Fang, et al. (författare)
  • Emerging contaminants: A One Health perspective
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Innovation. - 2666-6758. ; 5
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Environmental pollution is escalating due to rapid global development that often prioritizes human needs over planetary health. Despite global efforts to mitigate legacy pollutants, the continuous introduction of new substances remains a major threat to both people and the planet. In response, global initiatives are focusing on risk assessment and regulation of emerging contaminants, as demonstrated by the ongoing efforts to establish the UN's Intergovernmental Science-Policy Panel on Chemicals, Waste, and Pollution Prevention. This review identifies the sources and impacts of emerging contaminants on planetary health, emphasizing the importance of adopting a One Health approach. Strategies for monitoring and addressing these pollutants are discussed, underscoring the need for robust and socially equitable environmental policies at both regional and international levels. Urgent actions are needed to transition toward sustainable pollution management practices to safeguard our planet for future generations.
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11.
  • Haycock, Philip C., et al. (författare)
  • Association Between Telomere Length and Risk of Cancer and Non-Neoplastic Diseases A Mendelian Randomization Study
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: JAMA Oncology. - : American Medical Association. - 2374-2437 .- 2374-2445. ; 3:5, s. 636-651
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • IMPORTANCE: The causal direction and magnitude of the association between telomere length and incidence of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases is uncertain owing to the susceptibility of observational studies to confounding and reverse causation. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Mendelian randomization study, using germline genetic variants as instrumental variables, to appraise the causal relevance of telomere length for risk of cancer and non-neoplastic diseases. DATA SOURCES: Genomewide association studies (GWAS) published up to January 15, 2015. STUDY SELECTION: GWAS of noncommunicable diseases that assayed germline genetic variation and did not select cohort or control participants on the basis of preexisting diseases. Of 163 GWAS of noncommunicable diseases identified, summary data from 103 were available. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Summary association statistics for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are strongly associated with telomere length in the general population. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for disease per standard deviation (SD) higher telomere length due to germline genetic variation. RESULTS: Summary data were available for 35 cancers and 48 non-neoplastic diseases, corresponding to 420 081 cases (median cases, 2526 per disease) and 1 093 105 controls (median, 6789 per disease). Increased telomere length due to germline genetic variation was generally associated with increased risk for site-specific cancers. The strongest associations (ORs [ 95% CIs] per 1-SD change in genetically increased telomere length) were observed for glioma, 5.27 (3.15-8.81); serous low-malignant-potential ovarian cancer, 4.35 (2.39-7.94); lung adenocarcinoma, 3.19 (2.40-4.22); neuroblastoma, 2.98 (1.92-4.62); bladder cancer, 2.19 (1.32-3.66); melanoma, 1.87 (1.55-2.26); testicular cancer, 1.76 (1.02-3.04); kidney cancer, 1.55 (1.08-2.23); and endometrial cancer, 1.31 (1.07-1.61). Associations were stronger for rarer cancers and at tissue sites with lower rates of stem cell division. There was generally little evidence of association between genetically increased telomere length and risk of psychiatric, autoimmune, inflammatory, diabetic, and other non-neoplastic diseases, except for coronary heart disease (OR, 0.78 [ 95% CI, 0.67-0.90]), abdominal aortic aneurysm (OR, 0.63 [ 95% CI, 0.49-0.81]), celiac disease (OR, 0.42 [ 95% CI, 0.28-0.61]) and interstitial lung disease (OR, 0.09 [ 95% CI, 0.05-0.15]). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: It is likely that longer telomeres increase risk for several cancers but reduce risk for some non-neoplastic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases.
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12.
  • Liu, Hui, et al. (författare)
  • Centromere-Specific Retrotransposons and Very-Long-Chain Fatty Acid Biosynthesis in the Genome of Yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium, Sapindaceae), an Oil-Producing Tree With Significant Drought Resistance
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Frontiers in Plant Science. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-462X. ; 12
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In-depth genome characterization is still lacking for most of biofuel crops, especially for centromeres, which play a fundamental role during nuclear division and in the maintenance of genome stability. This study applied long-read sequencing technologies to assemble a highly contiguous genome for yellowhorn (Xanthoceras sorbifolium), an oil-producing tree, and conducted extensive comparative analyses to understand centromere structure and evolution, and fatty acid biosynthesis. We produced a reference-level genome of yellowhorn, ∼470 Mb in length with ∼95% of contigs anchored onto 15 chromosomes. Genome annotation identified 22,049 protein-coding genes and 65.7% of the genome sequence as repetitive elements. Long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) account for ∼30% of the yellowhorn genome, which is maintained by a moderate birth rate and a low removal rate. We identified the centromeric regions on each chromosome and found enrichment of centromere-specific retrotransposons of LINE1 and Gypsy in these regions, which have evolved recently (∼0.7 MYA). We compared the genomes of three cultivars and found frequent inversions. We analyzed the transcriptomes from different tissues and identified the candidate genes involved in very-long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis and their expression profiles. Collinear block analysis showed that yellowhorn shared the gamma (γ) hexaploidy event with Vitis vinifera but did not undergo any further whole-genome duplication. This study provides excellent genomic resources for understanding centromere structure and evolution and for functional studies in this important oil-producing plant.
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13.
  • Wang, Yu-Cheng, et al. (författare)
  • Porous Carbon Membrane-Supported Atomically Dispersed Pyrrole-Type Fe-N-4 as Active Sites for Electrochemical Hydrazine Oxidation Reaction
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Small. - : Wiley. - 1613-6810 .- 1613-6829. ; 16:31
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The rational design of catalytically active sites in porous materials is essential in electrocatalysis. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe-N-x sites supported by hierarchically porous carbon membranes are designed to electrocatalyze the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR), one of the key techniques in electrochemical nitrogen transformation. The high intrinsic catalytic activity of the Fe-N-x single-atom catalyst together with the uniquely mixed micro-/macroporous membrane support positions such an electrode among the best-known heteroatom-based carbon anodes for hydrazine fuel cells. Combined with advanced characterization techniques, electrochemical probe experiments, and density functional theory calculation, the pyrrole-type Fe-N-4 structure is identified as the real catalytic site in HzOR.
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14.
  • Wu, Keming, et al. (författare)
  • Surface Reconstruction on Uniform Cu Nanodisks Boosted Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: ACS Materials Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2639-4979. ; 4, s. 650-656
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The Haber-Bosch (HB) process has provided most of commercial ammonia at the expense of high energy consumption and high CO2 emission. Nitrate electroreduction is showing great potential as an alternative route for the green and scale-up synthesis of ammonia at ambient conditions. However, the performance has lagged due to lack of efficient electrocatalysts. In this work, we present the facile synthesis of uniform Cu nanodisks with exposed (111) facets as highly active electrocatalyst for electrochemical ammonia synthesis, delivering a high ammonia yield of 2.16 mg mg-1cat h-1 and a maximum Faradaic efficiency of 81.1% at -0.5 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The remarkable activity is originated from the surface reconstructed triatomic Cu clusters due to the cathodic deoxygenation process. As a result, the reconstructed surface shows enhanced affinity to the adsorption of nitrate ions which undergo successive break of three N-O bonds, followed by subsequent formation of three N-H bonds to finally form NH3. The present study provides the feasible preparation of Cu based advanced catalysts and a unique insight into the mechanism of nitrate electroreduction.
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15.
  • Cheng, Shi-Ping, et al. (författare)
  • Haplotype-resolved genome assembly and allele-specific gene expression in cultivated ginger
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Horticulture Research. - : Springer Nature. - 2052-7276. ; 8:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is one of the most valued spice plants worldwide; it is prized for its culinary and folk medicinal applications and is therefore of high economic and cultural importance. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved, chromosome-scale assembly for diploid ginger anchored to 11 pseudochromosome pairs with a total length of 3.1 Gb. Remarkable structural variation was identified between haplotypes, and two inversions larger than 15 Mb on chromosome 4 may be associated with ginger infertility. We performed a comprehensive, spatiotemporal, genome-wide analysis of allelic expression patterns, revealing that most alleles are coordinately expressed. The alleles that exhibited the largest differences in expression showed closer proximity to transposable elements, greater coding sequence divergence, more relaxed selection pressure, and more transcription factor binding site differences. We also predicted the transcription factors potentially regulating 6-gingerol biosynthesis. Our allele-aware assembly provides a powerful platform for future functional genomics, molecular breeding, and genome editing in ginger.
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16.
  • Chi, Zhi-Hong, et al. (författare)
  • Zinc transporter 7 is located in the cis-Golgi apparatus of mouse choroid epithelial cells.
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: Neuroreport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965. ; 17:17, s. 1807-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The cellular localization of zinc transporter 7 protein in the mouse choroid plexus was examined in this study. Zinc transporter 7 immunoreactive cells were detected in the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of CD-1 mouse brain. Distinct zinc transporter 7 immunoreactivity was concentrated in the perinuclear regions of the positive cells. The results from zinc autometallography showed that zinc-positive grains were also predominantly located in the perinuclear areas. Ultrastructural localization showed that zinc transporter 7 immunostaining was predominantly present in the membrane and cisternae of the cis-Golgi networks and some vesicle compartments. The results support the notion that zinc transporter 7 may participate in the transport of the cytoplasmic zinc into the Golgi apparatus, and may be involved in local packaging of zinc-binding proteins in the mouse choroid plexus.
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17.
  • Gao, Hui-Ling, et al. (författare)
  • Expression of zinc transporter ZnT7 in mouse superior cervical ganglion.
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-0702. ; 140:1-2, s. 59-65
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons contain a considerable amount of zinc ions, but little is known about the zinc homeostasis in the SCG. It is known that zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7, Slc30a7), a member of the Slc30 ZnT family, is involved in mobilizing zinc ions from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus. In the present study, we examined the expression and localization of ZnT7 and labile zinc ions in the mouse SCG using immunohistochemistry, Western blot and in vivo zinc selenium autometallography (AMG). Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the ZnT7 immunoreactivity in the SCG neurons was predominately present in the perinuclear region of the neurons, suggesting an affiliation to the Golgi apparatus. The Western blot results verified that ZnT7 protein was expressed in the mouse SCGs. The AMG reaction product was shown to have a similar distribution as ZnT7 immunoreactivity. These observations support the notion that ZnT7 may participate in zinc transport, storage, and incorporation of zinc into zinc-binding proteins in the Golgi apparatus of mouse SCG neurons.
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18.
  • Han, Xin-Bao, et al. (författare)
  • Fe-substituted cobalt-phosphate polyoxometalates as enhanced oxygen evolution catalysts in acidic media
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Cuihuà xuébào. - : Science Press. - 0253-9837 .- 1872-2067. ; 41:5, s. 853-857
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • All-inorganic and earth-abundant bi-/trimetallic hydr(oxy)oxides are widely used as oxygen evolution electrocatalysts owing to their remarkable performance. However, their atomically precise structures remain undefined, complicating their optimization and limiting the understanding of their enhanced performance. Here, the underlying structure-property correlation is explored by using a well-defined cobalt-phosphate polyoxometalate cluster [{Co-4(OH)(3)(PO4)}(4)(SiW9O34)(4)](32-) (1), which may serve as a molecular model of multimetal hydr(oxy)oxides. The catalytic activity is enhanced upon replacing Co by Fe in 1, resulting in a reduced overpotential (385 mV) for oxygen evolution (by 66 mV) compared to that of the parent 1 at 10 mA cm(-2) in an acidic medium; this overpotential is comparable to that for the IrO2 catalyst. These abundant-metal-based polyoxometalates exhibit high stability, with no evidence of degradation even after 24 h of operation.
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19.
  • Ma, Fei, et al. (författare)
  • Association of Leukocyte Telomere Length with Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease : Role of Folate and Homocysteine
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders. - : S. Karger AG. - 1420-8008 .- 1421-9824. ; 48:1-2, s. 56-67
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with the aging process and age-related degenerative diseases. The relation of peripheral blood LTL to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the role of folate and homocysteine (Hcy) in this relation remain unclear.Objectives: We aimed to investigate the association between LTL and the risks of MCI/AD, and to explore whether folate and Hcy may play a role in this association.Methods: This case-control study included 129 MCI subjects, 131 AD patients and 134 healthy controls. LTL was assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Serum folate levels were tested by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay, and serum Hcy levels were measured using the enzymatic cycling method. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and multivariable linear regression with adjustment for potential confounders.Results: The mean LTL was 1.56 +/- 0.25 in controls, 1.44 +/- 0.23 in MCI, and 1.28 +/- 0.28 in AD patients (p< 0.01). In multivariate logistic regression, subjects in the longest LTL tertile had lower OR for MCI (OR 0.246; 95% CI 0.101-0.597) and AD (OR 0.123; 95% CI 0.044-0.345) in comparison to subjects in the shortest tertile. Shorter LTL was dose-dependently related to the ORs of MCI and AD. Further, serum folate concentration was positively associated with LTL (p < 0.01), while serum Hcy level was negatively associated with LTL (p < 0.05). In stratified analyses, LTL-MCI/AD association varied by serum folate and Hcy level. Conclusions: Shorter LTL is associated with the risks of MCI/AD. Folate and Hcy might play an important role in this association.
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20.
  • Pan, Kuan-Yu, et al. (författare)
  • Psychosocial working conditions, trajectories of disability, and the mediating role of cognitive decline and chronic diseases : A population-based cohort study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: PLoS Medicine. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1549-1277 .- 1549-1676. ; 16:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background Unfavorable psychosocial working conditions have been associated with cognitive decline and chronic diseases, both of which may subsequently accelerate functional dependence. This study aimed to investigate the association between job demand-control-support combinations and trajectories of disability in later life and to further explore the role of cognitive decline and the co-occurrence of chronic diseases in mediating this association. Methods and findings In this cohort study, 2,937 community dwellers aged 60+ years (mean age 73 +/- 10.6; 62.9% female) residing in the Kungsholmen District of Stockholm, Sweden, participated in the baseline survey (2001-2004) and were followed up to 12 years. Lifelong occupational history was obtained through a standardized interview; job demands, job control, and social support at work in the longest-held occupation were graded with a psychosocial job-exposure matrix. Job control, demands, and social support were dichotomized using the median values from the matrix, respectively, to further generate demand-control-support combinations. Disability was measured by summing the number of impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Global cognitive function was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination. Chronic conditions were ascertained by clinical examinations, medical history, and patient clinical records; the total number of chronic diseases was summed. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and mediation analysis. Age, sex, education, alcohol consumption, smoking, leisure activity engagement, early-life socioeconomic status, occupational characteristic and physical demands, and baseline cognitive function and number of chronic diseases were adjusted for in the analyses. Compared with active jobs (high control/high demands; n = 1,807), high strain (low control/high demands; n = 328), low strain (high control/low demands; n = 495), and passive jobs (low control/low demands; n = 307) were all associated with a faster rate of disability progression (beta = 0.07, 95% CI 0.02-0.13, p = 0.01; beta = 0.10, 95% CI 0.06-0.15, p < 0.001; beta = 0.11, 95% CI 0.05-0.18, p < 0.001). The association between high strain and disability progression was only shown in people with low social support at work (beta = 0.13, 95% CI 0.07-0.19, p < 0.001), but not in those with high social support (beta = 0.004, 95% CI -0.09 to 0.10, p = 0.93). Moreover, we estimated that the association between demand-control status and disability trajectories was mediated 38.5% by cognitive decline and 18.4% by accumulation of chronic diseases during the follow-up period. The limitations of this study include unmeasured confounding, self-reported work experience, and the reliance on a psychosocial job-exposure matrix that does not consider variabilities in individuals' perception on working conditions or job characteristics within occupations. Conclusions Our findings suggest that negative psychosocial working conditions during working life may accelerate disability progression in later life. Notably, social support at work may buffer the detrimental effect of high strain on disability progression. Cognitive decline and chronic-disease accumulation, and especially the former, partially mediate the association of psychosocial working conditions with trajectories of disability. Further studies are required to explore more mechanisms that underlie the association between psychosocial working conditions and disability trajectories. Author summaryWhy was this study done? Work is one of the activities that take up a considerable amount of time in our adult lives, thus potentially making it an important determinant of health, even in later life. Inability to independently carry out daily tasks (defined as disability) can affect older people's quality of life and pose a burden on caregivers and societies. A better understanding of the pathway between midlife working conditions and late-life disability may help the development of preventive strategies. What did the researchers do and find? We studied the association of psychosocial working conditions with the rate of disability progression over 12 years in a cohort of 2,937 individuals aged 60 years and older. We found that unfavorable psychosocial working conditions, including high-strain, low-strain, and passive jobs, were related to a faster rate of disability progression. The association of high-strain jobs with accelerated disability accumulation was only present among people with low social support at work. The decrement in cognitive function and increase in chronic-disease burden, and especially the former, partially explained the relationship between unfavorable working conditions and disability progression in later life. What do these findings mean? Unfavorable psychosocial working conditions during working life are related to the progression of disability in later life. Public health authorities, employers, and employees should all be aware of that. Social support at work is especially important in a high-strain work environment given its capacity to attenuate the impact of high-strain jobs on disability accumulation. Monitoring cognitive function and medical conditions of people with unfavorable working conditions is endorsed by the role of both dimensions, and especially of cognitive dysfunction, in accelerating disability progression in older age.
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21.
  • Qin, Linqing, et al. (författare)
  • Triplet Acceptors with a D-A Structure and Twisted Conformation for Efficient Organic Solar Cells
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:35, s. 15043-15049
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Triplet acceptors have been developed to construct high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs) as the long lifetime and diffusion range of triplet excitons may dissociate into free charges instead of net recombination when the energy levels of the lowest triplet state (T-1) are close to those of charge-transfer states ((CT)-C-3). The current triplet acceptors were designed by introducing heavy atoms to enhance the intersystem crossing, limiting their applications. Herein, two twisted acceptors without heavy atoms, analogues of Y6, constructed with large pi-conjugated core and D-A structure, were confirmed to be triplet materials, leading to high-performance OSCs. The mechanism of triplet excitons were investigated to show that the twisted and D-A structures result in large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and small energy gap between the singlet and triplet states, and thus efficient intersystem crossing. Moreover, the energy level of T-1 is close to (CT)-C-3, facilitating the split of triplet exciton to free charges.
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22.
  • Ren, Luyao, et al. (författare)
  • Quartet DNA reference materials and datasets for comprehensively evaluating germline variant calling performance
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Genome Biology. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1465-6906 .- 1474-760X. ; 24:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Genomic DNA reference materials are widely recognized as essential for ensuring data quality in omics research. However, relying solely on reference datasets to evaluate the accuracy of variant calling results is incomplete, as they are limited to benchmark regions. Therefore, it is important to develop DNA reference materials that enable the assessment of variant detection performance across the entire genome.RESULTS: We established a DNA reference material suite from four immortalized cell lines derived from a family of parents and monozygotic twins. Comprehensive reference datasets of 4.2 million small variants and 15,000 structural variants were integrated and certified for evaluating the reliability of germline variant calls inside the benchmark regions. Importantly, the genetic built-in-truth of the Quartet family design enables estimation of the precision of variant calls outside the benchmark regions. Using the Quartet reference materials along with study samples, batch effects are objectively monitored and alleviated by training a machine learning model with the Quartet reference datasets to remove potential artifact calls. Moreover, the matched RNA and protein reference materials and datasets from the Quartet project enables cross-omics validation of variant calls from multiomics data.CONCLUSIONS: The Quartet DNA reference materials and reference datasets provide a unique resource for objectively assessing the quality of germline variant calls throughout the whole-genome regions and improving the reliability of large-scale genomic profiling.
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23.
  • Shang, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Association of diabetes with stroke and post-stroke dementia : A population-based cohort study
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 16:7, s. 1003-1012
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Introduction: The impact of prediabetes and diabetes on stroke and the development of dementia after a stroke remain unclear.Methods: A total of 2655 dementia-free participants (including a stroke-free cohort and a prevalent stroke cohort) were followed-up for 12 years. Dementia and post-stroke dementia were determined by clinical examinations and national registry data. Diabetes was ascertained via medical examination, medication use, medical records, or glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as H bA1c >= 5.7% in diabetes-free participants.Results: In the stroke-free cohort, 236 participants developed ischemic stroke, and 47 developed post-stroke dementia. Diabetes was associated with ischemic stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16 to 2.67) and post-stroke dementia (HR 2.56, 95% CI 1.04 to 6.25). In the prevalent stroke cohort, diabetes was also related to dementia risk. Prediabetes was not significantly related to stroke or post-stroke dementia.Discussion: Diabetes, but not prediabetes, is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke and post-stroke dementia.
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24.
  • Shang, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Incidence and Evolution of Prediabetes among Older Adults : A Population-Based Cohort Study
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 67:suppl 1, s. LB49-LB49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The incidence and evolution of prediabetes in older adults is still unclear. We aimed to estimate the incidence of prediabetes, the rates of prediabetes reverting to normoglycemia or progressing to type 2 diabetes, and to identify possible prognostic factors among older adults with prediabetes.Methods: In the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen Project, 3049 diabetes-free participants aged ≥60 years were examined at baseline (2001-2004), and were followed-up to 12 years (2013-2016). At each wave, type 2 diabetes was ascertained based on self-report, antidiabetic drug use, medical records, or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). In diabetes-free participants, prediabetes was assessed as HbA1c ≥5.7% (39 mmol/mol), and normoglycemia was defined as HbA1c <5.7%. Data were analysed with Poisson regression and multinomial logistic regression.Results: During 12 years follow-up, among 1972 (64.7%) participants with normoglycemia, 505 (25.6%) developed prediabetes (incidence=4.3/100 person-years, 95% CI 3.9-4.8). Of the 1077 (35.3%) participants with prediabetes at baseline, 204 (18.9%) reverted to normoglycemia (reversion rate=3.1/100 person-years, 95% CI: 2.6-3.6) and 119 (11.0%) progressed to type 2 diabetes (progression rate=1.7/100 person-years, 95% CI: 1.3-2.1). The reversal to normoglycemia was significantly associated with lower systolic blood pressure and weight loss, while, obesity and weight gain were risk factors for progression to type 2 diabetes.Conclusions: The incidence of prediabetes is high (about 26%) among older adults. Around 19% of people with prediabetes may revert to normoglycemia and 11% progress to type 2 diabetes. Weight change and systolic blood pressure may play a role in such evolution.
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25.
  • Shang, Ying, et al. (författare)
  • Natural history of prediabetes in older adults from a population-based longitudinal study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 286:3, s. 326-340
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. The natural history of prediabetes in older adults remains unknown.Objectives. To assess the rate at which prediabetes progresses to diabetes, leads to death or reverts to normoglycaemia in older adults and to identify prognostic factors related to different outcomes of prediabetes.Methods. In the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care-Kungsholmen, 2575 diabetes-free participants aged >= 60 years were examined at baseline and followed for up to 12 years. At each wave, diabetes was diagnosed via medical examination, antidiabetic drug use, medical records or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) >= 6.5%. Prediabetes was defined as HbA1c >= 5.7% and normoglycaemia as HbA1c <5.7% in diabetes-free participants. Data were analysed with multinomial logistic regression.Results. At baseline, 918 (36%) individuals had prediabetes. Of them, 204 (22%) reverted to normoglycaemia (3.4/100 person-years, 95% CI 5.6-12.3), 119 (13%) developed diabetes (2.0/100 person-years, 95% CI 1.7-2.4) and 215 (23%) died (13.0/100 person-years, 95% CI 11.4-14.9) during the 12-year follow-up. The rates of reversion, progression and mortality were higher in the first 6-year than in the second 6-year follow-up, albeit not statistically significant. Lower systolic blood pressure (SBP), absence of heart diseases and weight loss promoted the reversion from prediabetes to normoglycaemia, whilst obesity accelerated its progression to diabetes.Conclusions. During a 12-year follow-up, most of older adults with prediabetes remained stable or reverted to normoglycaemia, whereas only one-third developed diabetes or died. Lower SBP, no heart diseases and weight management may promote reversion to normoglycaemia, suggesting possible strategies for achieving normoglycaemia in older adults with prediabetes.
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26.
  • Wang, Anqi, et al. (författare)
  • Characterizing prostate cancer risk through multi-ancestry genome-wide discovery of 187 novel risk variants
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Nature. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 55:12, s. 2065-2074
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The transferability and clinical value of genetic risk scores (GRSs) across populations remain limited due to an imbalance in genetic studies across ancestrally diverse populations. Here we conducted a multi-ancestry genome-wide association study of 156,319 prostate cancer cases and 788,443 controls of European, African, Asian and Hispanic men, reflecting a 57% increase in the number of non-European cases over previous prostate cancer genome-wide association studies. We identified 187 novel risk variants for prostate cancer, increasing the total number of risk variants to 451. An externally replicated multi-ancestry GRS was associated with risk that ranged from 1.8 (per standard deviation) in African ancestry men to 2.2 in European ancestry men. The GRS was associated with a greater risk of aggressive versus non-aggressive disease in men of African ancestry (P = 0.03). Our study presents novel prostate cancer susceptibility loci and a GRS with effective risk stratification across ancestry groups.
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27.
  • Wang, Rui, et al. (författare)
  • Cognitive Reserve : A Life-Course Perspective
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Neurobiological and Psychological Aspects of Brain Recovery. - : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783031249303 - 9783031249297 - 9783031249327 ; , s. 121-135
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The concept of reserve has been developed to account for the discontinuity between the extent of brain damage at its clinical manifestation in the form of cognitive decline or dementia. In this chapter, we discuss contributors to cognitive reserve from various stages of the life-course, including childhood, early adulthood, middle age, and late life. Evidence from observational studies as well as intervention trials is presented and assessed. We conclude by arguing that reserve formation in dementia risk is a life-course process whereby baseline cognitive abilities are subjected to modulation by subsequent experiences at diverse stages over the entire life-course. Variations among individuals in their ability to withstand age-related brain changes are ultimately dependent on their life-time accumulation of mental, physical, and lifestyle inputs into cognitive reserve.
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28.
  • Wang, Rui, et al. (författare)
  • Shared risk and protective factors between Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke : A population-based longitudinal study.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1552-5260 .- 1552-5279. ; 17:2, s. 191-204
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • INTRODUCTION: Stroke, especially ischemic stroke's (IS) link with Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear.METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 2459 AD- and cerebrovascular disease-free older adults at baseline (mean age 71.9 ± 10.3 years, Stockholm, Sweden). Using Cox regressions, shared risk factors (SRFs) and shared protective factors (SPFs) between AD and IS were recognized when their hazard ratios in both AD and IS models were significant and in the same direction.RESULTS: During the follow-up period of up to 15 years, 132 AD and 260 IS mutually exclusive cases were identified. SRFs were low education, sedentary lifestyle, and heart diseases. High levels of psychological well-being, actively engaging in leisure activities, and a rich social network were SPFs. Having ≥1 SPF reduced 47% of AD and 28% of IS risk among people with a low risk profile (<2 SRFs), and 38% of AD and 31% of IS risk with a high risk profile (≥2 SRFs). In total, 57.8% of AD/IS cases could be prevented if individuals have ≥1 SPF and no SRF.DISCUSSION: AD and IS share risk/protective profiles, and SPFs seem to counteract the adverse effects of SRFs on both AD and IS.
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29.
  • Yang, Fu-Sheng, et al. (författare)
  • Chromosome-level genome assembly of a parent species of widely cultivated azaleas
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Azaleas (Ericaceae) comprise one of the most diverse ornamental plants, renowned for their cultural and economic importance. We present a chromosome-scale genome assembly for Rhododendron simsii, the primary ancestor of azalea cultivars. Genome analyses unveil the remnants of an ancient whole-genome duplication preceding the radiation of most Ericaceae, likely contributing to the genomic architecture of flowering time. Small-scale gene duplications contribute to the expansion of gene families involved in azalea pigment biosynthesis. We reconstruct entire metabolic pathways for anthocyanins and carotenoids and their potential regulatory networks by detailed analysis of time-ordered gene co-expression networks. MYB, bHLH, and WD40 transcription factors may collectively regulate anthocyanin accumulation in R. simsii, particularly at the initial stages of flower coloration, and with WRKY transcription factors controlling progressive flower coloring at later stages. This work provides a cornerstone for understanding the underlying genetics governing flower timing and coloration and could accelerate selective breeding in azalea. Azaleas are one of the most diverse ornamental plants and have cultural and economic importance. Here, the authors report a chromosome-scale genome assembly for the primary ancestor of the azalea cultivar Rhododendro simsi and identify transcription factors that may function in flower coloration at different stages.
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30.
  • Zhang, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Triplet Acceptors Enabled by Side-Chain Engineering
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Solar RRL. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 2367-198X. ; 5:10
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Triplet excitons have both longer lifetimes and diffusion lengths than singlet excitons due to the nature of triplet excitons, which is expected to increase the photocurrent and further improve the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the working mechanism of triplet excitons in OSCs is not clearly clarified. Therefore, it is urgent to develop new triplet acceptors for in-depth understanding. Herein, a series of acceptors (BTn-4Cl) are synthesized by fine-tuning of the side-chain branch positions. The generation of triplet excitons of BTn-4Cl is confirmed by the time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectra, magnetophotocurrent (MPC) experiment, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra. The effects of side-chain engineering on the optoelectronic properties, packing behaviors, energy losses, charge transport properties, spin lifetimes of triplet polarons, and blend film morphologies are systematically studied. These results show that D18:BT3-4Cl-based OSCs possess the best power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.31% due to lower energy losses, less recombination losses, more balanced charge carrier mobilities, longer spin-lattice (T-1) relaxation time, and more favorable morphology. This work enhances the understanding of the structure-property relationship for high-performance triplet acceptors.
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31.
  • Zhou, Xin, et al. (författare)
  • Simultaneous manipulation of scalable absorbance and the electronic bridge for efficient CO2 photoreduction
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry A. - : ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY. - 2050-7488 .- 2050-7496. ; 10:48, s. 25661-25670
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Highly active, low-cost, and stable photocatalysts are the key point for the development of photocatalysis technology, which is one of the most promising advanced approaches to a greener future. As a nonmetallic polymer with high performance, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has a notable effect on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. However, the narrow light absorption limits its photocatalytic efficiency. In this work, we prepared red g-C3N4 with the oxygen bridge structure (CSCN) using a grinding thermal polymerization method. The oxygen bridge structure provides more active sites, broadens the light absorption range, and improves the charge separation efficiency. Benefiting from the combined above advantages, CSCN exhibited a rate of photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO of 28.5 mu mol g(-1) h(-1). This work proposes a way to enhance the light absorption efficiency and CO2 reduction properties of g-C3N4.
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32.
  • Zhuang, Ting, et al. (författare)
  • SHARPIN stabilizes estrogen receptor a and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:44, s. 77137-77151
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Estrogen receptor a is expressed in the majority of breast cancers and promotes estrogen-dependent cancer progression. In our study, we identified the novel E3 ubiquitin ligase SHARPIN function to facilitate ERα signaling. SHARPIN is highly expressed in human breast cancer and correlates with ERα protein level by immunohistochemistry. SHARPIN expression level correlates with poor prognosis in ERα positive breast cancer patients. SHARPIN depletion based RNA-sequence data shows that ERα signaling is a potential SHARPIN target. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases ERα protein level, ERα target genes expression and estrogen response element activity in breast cancer cells, while SHARPIN overexpression could reverse these effects. SHARPIN depletion significantly decreases estrogen stimulated cell proliferation in breast cancer cells, which effect could be further rescued by ERα overexpression. Further mechanistic study reveals that SHARPIN mainly localizes in the cytosol and interacts with ERα both in the cytosol and the nuclear. SHARPIN regulates ERα signaling through protein stability, not through gene expression. SHARPIN stabilizes ERα protein via prohibiting ERα protein poly-ubiquitination. Further study shows that SHARPIN could facilitate the mono-ubiquitinaiton of ERα at K302/303 sites and facilitate ERE luciferase activity. Together, our findings propose a novel ERα modulation mechanism in supporting breast cancer cell growth, in which SHARPIN could be one suitable target for development of novel therapy for ERα positive breast cancer.
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33.
  • Bi, Yu-Han, et al. (författare)
  • The relationship between chronic diseases and depression in middle-aged and older adults : A 4-year follow-up study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Affective Disorders. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-0327 .- 1573-2517. ; 289, s. 160-166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Evidence of the association between common chronic diseases and depression is sparse.Methods: Totally 7819 participants aged 45+ without depression at baseline were followed-up (2011-2015) to detect incident depression. Chronic diseases and depression were defined by self-reported diagnosis and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D10), respectively. Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the association between chronic diseases and depression adjusting for age, gender, education, marital/living conditions, area, smoking, drinking, economic status, BMI and health insurance.Results: During an average of 3.42 years follow-up, 2271 participants developed depression (85 per 1000 person-year). Chronic diseases were related to significantly higher risk of depression (HR = 1.38). A higher risk of depression was also associated with specific diseases: stomach/other digestive diseases (HR = 1.19), diabetes (HR = 1.22), arthritis/rheumatism (HR = 1.30), and kidney diseases (HR = 1.34) (P < 0.05). The risk of depression increased with increasing in the number of chronic diseases (1: HR = 1.27, 2: HR = 1.49, and 3+: HR = 1.51, P-trend < 0.001). No significant difference was observed across age, gender, education, and area.Limitations: Chronic diseases and depression were based on self-reported diagnosis and measurement scale, respectively, which could lead to information bias. Some unmeasured confounders might have biased the results.Conclusions: The occurrence of depression in people aged 45+ is associated with number of chronic diseases in a dose-response fashion. These results may provide guidance on preventing depression and improving the quality of life in middle and late adulthood.
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34.
  • Calderón-Larrañaga, Amaia, et al. (författare)
  • Rapidly developing multimorbidity and disability in older adults : does social background matter?
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 283:5, s. 489-499
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background. Multimorbidity is among the most disabling geriatric conditions. In this study, we explored whether a rapid development of multi morbidity potentiates its impact on the functional independence of older adults, and whether different sociodemographic factors play a role beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation. Methods. A random sample of persons aged >= 60 years (n = 2387) from the Swedish National study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K) was followed over 6 years. The speed of multimorbidity development was estimated as the rate of chronic disease accumulation (linear mixed models) and further dichotomized into the upper versus the three lower rate quartiles. Binomial negative mixed models were used to analyse the association between speed of multimorbidity development and disability (impaired basic and instrumental activities of daily living), expressed as the incidence rate ratio (IRR). The effect of sociodemographic factors, including sex, education, occupation and social network, was investigated. Results. The risk of new activity impairment was higher among participants who developed multi morbidity faster (IRR 2.4, 95% Cl 1.9-3.1) compared with those who accumulated diseases more slowly overtime, even after considering the baseline number of chronic conditions. Only female sex (IRR for women vs. men 1.6, 95% Cl 1.2-2.0) and social network (IRR for poor vs. rich social network 1.7, 95% Cl 1.3-2.2) showed an effect on disability beyond the rate of chronic disease accumulation. Conclusions. Rapidly developing multimorbidity is a negative prognostic factor for disability. However, sociodemographic factors such as sex and social network may determine older adults' reserves of functional ability, helping them to live independently despite the rapid accumulation of chronic conditions.
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35.
  • Chen, Chao, et al. (författare)
  • Epigenome-wide gene-age interaction analysis reveals reversed effects of PRODH DNA methylation on survival between young and elderly early-stage NSCLC patients
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Aging. - : Impact Journals, LLC. - 1945-4589. ; 12:11, s. 10642-10662
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • DNA methylation changes during aging, but it remains unclear whether the effect of DNA methylation on lung cancer survival varies with age. Such an effect could decrease prediction accuracy and treatment efficacy. We performed a methylation-age interaction analysis using 1,230 early-stage lung adenocarcinoma patients from five cohorts. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma patients for methylation-age interactions, which were further confirmed in a validation phase. We identified one adenocarcinoma-specific CpG probe, cg14326354PRODH, with effects significantly modified by age (HRinteraction = 0.989; 95% CI: 0.986-0.994; P = 9.18×10-7). The effect of low methylation was reversed for young and elderly patients categorized by the boundary of 95% CI standard (HRyoung = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.26-4.72; P = 8.34×10-3; HRelderly = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.42-0.82; P = 1.67×10-3). Moreover, there was an antagonistic interaction between low cg14326354PRODH methylation and elderly age (HRinteraction = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.11-0.40; P = 2.20×10-6). In summary, low methylation of cg14326354PRODH might benefit survival of elderly lung adenocarcinoma patients, providing new insight to age-specific prediction and potential drug targeting.
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36.
  • Chen, Chang, et al. (författare)
  • Untargeted screening of unknown xenobiotics and potential toxins in plasma of poisoned patients using high-resolution mass spectrometry: Generation of xenobiotic fingerprint using background subtraction
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: Analytica Chimica Acta. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0003-2670 .- 1873-4324. ; 944, s. 37-43
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • A novel analytical workflow was developed and applied for the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in biological samples. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based data-independent MSE acquisition was employed to record full scan MS and fragment spectral datasets of test and control samples. Then, an untargeted data-mining technique, background subtraction, was utilized to find xenobiotics present only in test samples. Structural elucidation of the detected xenobiotics was accomplished by database search, spectral interpretation, and/or comparison with reference standards. Application of the workflow to analysis of unknown xenobiotics in plasma samples collected from four poisoned patients led to generation of xenobiotic profiles, which were regarded as xenobiotic fingerprints of the individual samples. Among 19 xenobiotics detected, 11 xenobiotics existed in a majority of the patients plasma samples, thus were considered as potential toxins. The follow-up database search led to the tentative identification of azithromycin (X5), alpha-chaconine (X9) and penfluridol (X12). The identity of X12 was further confirmed with its reference standard. In addition, one xenobiotic component (Y5) was tentatively identified as a penfluridol metabolite. The remaining unidentified xenobiotics listed in the xenobiotic fingerprints can be further characterized or identified in retrospective analyses after their spectral data and/or reference compounds are available. This HRMS-based workflow may have broad applications in the detection and identification of unknown xenobiotics in individual biological samples, such as forensic and toxicological analysis and sport enhancement drug screening. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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37.
  • Crowe, Michael, et al. (författare)
  • Diabetes and cognitive decline : investigating the potential influence of factors related to health disparities
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Journal of Aging and Health. - Newbury Park, CA ; Thousand Oaks, CA : Sage Publications. - 0898-2643 .- 1552-6887. ; 22:3, s. 292-306
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • OBJECTIVE: The authors investigated whether factors related to health disparities--race, rural residence, education, perceived racial discrimination, vascular disease, and health care access and utilization--may moderate the association between diabetes and cognitive decline.METHOD: Participants were 624 community-dwelling older adults (49% African American and 49% rural) who completed in-home mini-mental state examination at baseline and 4-year follow-up.RESULTS: Diabetes at baseline predicted four-year cognitive decline in regression models adjusted for a number of possible confounds. Only perceived discrimination and health utilization showed significant interaction effects with diabetes. Among African Americans who reported experiencing racial discrimination, there was a stronger relationship between diabetes and cognitive decline. Among participants who reported absence of visiting a physician within the past 6 months, the association between diabetes and cognitive decline was substantially larger.DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that factors related to health disparities may influence cognitive outcomes among older adults with diabetes.
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38.
  • de Ruijter, Markus J. T. (författare)
  • Mind & Well-being : The relationships between personality and health related pathology
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The study of the associations between personality, lifestyle and health related pathology has revealed important associations. These include associations with physical health such as the onset of cardiovascular disease, but also with mental and emotional health such as depression or life satisfaction. However, certain gaps in knowledge and methodology had persisted. This thesis contains several works that address those gaps and extend the knowledge and methodology in personality-related research.Study I utilized the large-scale UK Biobank cohort to examine personality traits in association with stroke risk. Proxy variables for the Big Five personality traits were inferred from the available data. Results indicate negative associations of the personality traits diligence and sociability, with incident stroke risk, suggesting potential protective effects.Study II employed Mendelian randomization to investigate causal relationships between specific subcategories of neuroticism and different subtypes of cardiovascular disease. Using the UK Biobank cohort, the study showed causal positive associations between depressed affect and two subtypes of cardiovascular disease: heart failure and myocardial infarction.Study III examined the associations between job satisfaction and personality traits related to executive functions: delay discounting, risk-taking, and sensation seeking. Proxy variables were created to infer delay-discounting and sensation seeking. Using data available in the UK Biobank, the study reveals a negative association between delay discounting and job satisfaction, and a positive association between risk-taking and job satisfaction.Study IV explored the association between genetic risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and well-being in the general public, regardless of ASD diagnosis. The study employs polygenic risk scoring in the UK Biobank cohort and shows that the genetic risk for ASD is associated with all five well-being spectrum traits in a detrimental way, emphasizing the potential impact of a genetic predisposition for ASD on well-being.Finally, in Study V, the research proposed a novel method for studying general personality in Drosophila melanogaster. The method includes a new experimental environment, comprehensive recording and tracking, and subsequent analysis techniques, providing a foundation for further research into personality-like traits in the species.Overall, this thesis extends the knowledge and methodology in personality-related research and highlights the potential impact of personality traits on physical and mental well-being.
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39.
  • Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al. (författare)
  • A life-course study of cognitive reserve in dementia: Dementia incidence in inpatient registers and mmse test scores in a clinical study in sweden
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Alzheimer's & Dementia. - : Wiley. - 1552-5279 .- 1552-5260. ; 11:7, s. 200-201
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cognitive reserve helps mitigate the impact of pathology on the clinical expression of dementia. Education and occupational complexity are considered as contributors to reserve, although it has been argued that cognitive reserve is likely formed over the life-course. A life-course model of cognitive reserve in dementia risk has not yet been tested. We apply a life-course model and examine if school grades around age 10, formal educational attainment, and lifetime occupational complexity affect dementia incidence in inpatient registers.
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40.
  • Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al. (författare)
  • Association Between Speed of Multimorbidity Accumulation in Old Age and Life Experiences : A Cohort Study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0002-9262 .- 1476-6256. ; 188:9, s. 1627-1636
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Rapidly accumulating multiple chronic conditions (multimorbidity) during aging are associated with many adverse outcomes. We explored the association between 4 experiences throughout life-childhood socioeconomic circumstances, early-adulthood education, midlife occupational stress, and late-life social network-and the speed of chronic disease accumulation. We followed 2,589 individuals aged >= 60 years from the Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen for 9 years (2001-2013). Information on life experiences was collected from detailed life-history interviews. Speed of disease accumulation was operationalized as the change in the count of chronic conditions obtained from clinical examinations, medical histories, laboratory data, drug use, and register linkages over 9 years. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the data. Speed of disease accumulation was lower in individuals with more than elementary education (for secondary, beta x time = -0.065, 95% CI: -0.126, -0.004; for university, beta x time = -0.118, 95% CI: -0.185, -0.050); for active occupations compared with high-strain jobs (beta x time = -0.078, 95% CI: -0.138, -0.017); and for richer social networks (for moderate tertile, beta x time = -0.102, 95% CI: -0.149, -0.055; for highest tertile, beta x time = -0.135, 95% CI: -0.182, -0.088). The association between childhood circumstances and speed of disease accumulation was attenuated by later-life experiences. Diverse experiences throughout life might decelerate chronic disease accumulation during aging.
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41.
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42.
  • Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al. (författare)
  • Associations of head circumference at birth with earlylife school performance and later-life occupational prestige
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Longitudinal and Life Course Studies. - : Bristol University Press. - 1757-9597. ; 6:1, s. 26-42
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Head circumference at birth has been suggested as a marker of foetal brain development. New-borns with small head size have been shown to have lower intelligence scores in childhood. It is, however, unclear whether this relationship extends into adult life, and more importantly, whether adult status attainment and lifetime success is affected as a result. Furthermore it is unclear how social origin at birth attenuates the relationship between foetal brain development, childhood cognitive outcomes, and lifetime status attainment. Using the Uppsala Birth Cohort Multigenerational Study, a unique population-based database of 14,192 individuals followed from birth into advanced old age, we demonstrate that those born with small head circumference experience reductions in both early-life school performance and lifetime occupational prestige. These effects are not subject to modification by parental social class: small head size at birth is associated with lower grades and lower occupational prestige among individuals born into both advantaged and disadvantaged social classes. Employing causal mediation analysis, we also demonstrate that the link between head circumference at birth and adult occupational prestige is mainly the result of a direct effect, although a portion of this effect is also mediated by early-life school performance which also contributes to occupational attainment trajectories. These findings demonstrate the importance of early-life environments for cognitive development as well as lifetime status attainment.
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43.
  • Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al. (författare)
  • Childhood school performance, education and occupational complexity : a life-course study of dementia in the Kungsholmen Project
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; 45:4, s. 1207-1215
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Cognitive reserve hypothesis predicts that intellectually demanding activities over the life course protect against dementia. We investigate if childhood school performance remains associated with dementia once education and occupational complexity are taken into account. Methods: A cohort of 440 individuals aged 75+ from the Kungsholmen Project was followed up for 9 years to detect dementia. To measure early-life contributors to reserve, we used grades at age 9-10 extracted from the school archives. Data on formal education and occupational complexity were collected at baseline and first follow-up. Dementia was ascertained through comprehensive clinical examination. Cox models estimated the relationship between life-course cognitive reserve measures and dementia. Results: Dementia risk was elevated [hazard ratio (HR): 1.54, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 2.29] in individuals with low early-life school grades after adjustment for formal educational attainment and occupational complexity. Secondary education was associated with a lower risk of dementia (HR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.03), although the effects of post-secondary and university degrees were indistinguishable from baseline. Occupational complexity with data and things was not related to dementia. However, an association was found between high occupational complexity with people and dementia, albeit only in women (HR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.99). The pattern of results remained unchanged after adjustment for genetic susceptibility, comorbidities and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Low early-life school performance is associated with an elevated risk of dementia, independent of subsequent educational and occupational attainment.
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44.
  • Dekhtyar, Serhiy, et al. (författare)
  • Genetic risk of dementia mitigated by cognitive reserve : A cohort study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Annals of Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 86:1, s. 68-78
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective We investigated whether cognitive reserve modifies the risk of dementia attributable to apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE-epsilon 4), a well-known genetic risk factor for dementia. Methods We followed 2,556 cognitively intact participants aged >= 60 years from the ongoing prospective community-based Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (SNAC-K). Dementia was ascertained through clinical and neuropsychological assessments and diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition criteria. Structural equation modeling was used to generate a cognitive reserve indicator from 4 previously validated contributors: early life education, midlife substantive work complexity, late life leisure activities, and late life social networks. Cox proportional hazard models estimated dementia risk in relation to cognitive reserve indicator. The interaction between the cognitive reserve indicator and APOE-epsilon 4 was assessed on multiplicative and additive scales. Results After an average of 6.3 years (range = 2.1-10.7) of follow-up, 232 dementia cases were ascertained. Relative to individuals in the lowest tertile of cognitive reserve indicator, those with moderate and high reserve were at a reduced risk of dementia. There was no multiplicative interaction between APOE-epsilon 4 status and cognitive reserve indicator (p = 0.113). Additive interaction was statistically significant. Relative to APOE-epsilon 4 carriers with low cognitive reserve, epsilon 4 carriers with high reserve had a reduced risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13-0.59). The magnitude of risk reduction was similar in epsilon 4 noncarriers with a high cognitive reserve indicator (HR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.15-0.40). Interpretation Lifelong engagement in reserve-enhancing activities attenuates the risk of dementia attributable to APOE-epsilon 4. Promoting cognitive reserve might be especially effective in subpopulations with high genetic risk of dementia. ANN NEUROL 2019
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45.
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46.
  • Feng, Meng-Yao, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of chronic diseases on the occurrence of depression : A 13-year follow-up study from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 326
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The causal association between chronic diseases and depression remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of types and number of chronic diseases on the risk of depression using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). A self-admitted questionnaire was used to obtain data on 14 predefined chronic diseases and the European-Depression Scale (EURO-D) was used to assess depression. Among the 16,080 baseline depression-free participants aged 50+, 31.29% (5032) developed depression over 13 years. Multivariate Cox regression models showed that individuals with any chronic diseases were at higher risk of new onset depression compared to disease-free participants. The risk of new onset depression increased with an increasing number of diseases among both younger (50–64) and older (65+) adults. Individuals with heart attack, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease, and arthritis were at increased risk of depression across age groups. However, some age-specific associations were observed, with cancer increasing depression risk among younger- and peptic ulcer, Parkinson's disease and cataracts increasing depression risk among older adults. These findings highlight the importance of managing chronic diseases, especially among those with more than two diseases, to prevent the development of depression among middle-aged and older adults.
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47.
  • Feng, Meng-Yao, et al. (författare)
  • Work-Related Stress and Occurrence of Cardiovascular Disease A 13-Year Prospective Study
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 64:11, s. 927-933
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of work-related psychological and physical stresses on risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods : A total of 5651 CVD-free participants older than 50 years from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were followed up for 13 years to detect incident CVD. Work-related stress was assessed using job strain and job reward questionnaire. Cox regression model was used to estimate the association. Results: High physical demands (hazard ratio [HR], 1.30) and low reward (HR, 1.19) compared with their counterparts, as well as active physical jobs (HR, 1.41) and high physical strain (HR, 1.45) in comparison with low physical strain were associated with higher risk of incident CVD after adjusting for confounders. However, combining physically stressful jobs with low reward did not further increase the CVD risk. Conclusions: Avoiding physically stressful jobs or providing appropriate reward may reduce the occurrence of CVD.
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48.
  • Ferrari, Camilla, et al. (författare)
  • How can elderly apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 carriers remain free from dementia?
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580 .- 1558-1497. ; 34:1, s. 13-21
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, but not all epsilon 4 carriers develop dementia. We sought to identify factors that may play a role in modifying the risk of dementia due to epsilon 4. A cognitively intact cohort (n = 932, age >= 75) was followed for 9 years to detect incident dementia cases. At baseline, information on education, leisure activities, and vascular risk factors was collected, and APOE was genotyped. During the follow-up, 324 subjects developed dementia, including 247 AD cases. The hazard ratio (HR, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) of dementia related to the epsilon 4 was 1.39 (1.11-1.76), while the risk was reduced when epsilon 4 carriers had high education, no vascular risk factors, or high score of leisure activities. Among epsilon 4 carriers, the multiadjusted HRs of dementia that were associated with high education, high level of leisure activities, and absence of vascular risk factors were 0.59 (0.40-0.87), 0.49 (0.29-0.85), and 0.61 (0.41-0.90), respectively. The epsilon 4 carriers with these factors had about 1.2 years delayed time to dementia onset compared with those without these factors. High education, active leisure activities, or maintaining vascular health seems to reduce the risk of dementia related to APOE epsilon 4. The epsilon 4 carriers with these characteristics appear to have similar dementia-free survival time to non-epsilon 4 carriers.
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49.
  • Gerritsen, Lotte, et al. (författare)
  • Influence of Negative Life Events and Widowhood on Risk for Dementia
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: The American journal of geriatric psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 1064-7481 .- 1545-7214. ; 25:7, s. 766-778
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Objective: The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of negative life events and widowhood on the incidence of dementia. Methods: Data were from four Swedish longitudinal cohort studies with a total of nearly 2,000 participants and 8-25 years of follow-up. Seven stressful events were examined for which data were available in all cohorts. Clinical dementia diagnoses were made through medical and psychological examinations. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between life events and dementia, adjusting for lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: The experience of one stressful life event was not associated with dementia incidence, but two or more negative life events at baseline predicted higher risk for dementia (pooled HR:2.00). This was most apparent for the incidence of vascular dementia (pooled HR: 3.60) but not for Alzheimer disease (pooled HR: 1.29). Moreover, persons who were widowed and had experienced one or more negative life events were found to have a threefold risk for dementia. Conclusion: Widowhood augments the effect of negative life events on dementia incidence and negative life events specifically increase the risk for vascular dementia.
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50.
  • Gerritsen, L., et al. (författare)
  • The influence of negative life events on hippocampal and amygdala volumes in old age : a life-course perspective
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 45:6, s. 1219-1228
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress has been related to changes in the nervous system, with both adaptive and maladaptive consequences. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of negative events experienced throughout the entire lifespan and hippocampal and amygdala volumes in older adults.METHOD: In 466 non-demented old adults (age range 60-96 years, 58% female), hippocampal and amygdala volumes were segmented using Freesurfer. Negative life events and the age at which these events occurred were assessed by means of a structured questionnaire. Using generalized linear models, hippocampal and amygdala volumes were estimated with life events as independent variables. The statistical analyses were adjusted for age, gender, intracranial volume, lifestyle factors, cardiovascular risk factors, depressive symptoms, and cognitive functioning.RESULTS: Total number of negative life events and of late-life events, but not of early-life, early-adulthood, or middle-adulthood events, was related to larger amygdala volume. There were interactions of early-life events with age and gender. Participants who reported two or more early-life events had significantly smaller amygdala and hippocampal volumes with increasing age. Furthermore, smaller hippocampal volume was found in men who reported two or more early-life events, but not in women.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the effect of negative life events on the brain depends on the time when the events occurred, with the strongest effects observed during the critical time periods of early and late life.
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