| 1. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Yao, Lei, et al.
(författare)
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Atmospheric new particle formation from sulfuric acid and amines in a Chinese megacity
- 2018
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 361:6399, s. 278-281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is an important global phenomenon that is nevertheless sensitive to ambient conditions. According to both observation and theoretical arguments, NPF usually requires a relatively high sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentration to promote the formation of new particles and a low preexisting aerosol loading to minimize the sink of new particles. We investigated NPF in Shanghai and were able to observe both precursor vapors (H2SO4) and initial clusters at a molecular level in a megacity. High NPF rates were observed to coincide with several familiar markers suggestive of H2SO4-dimethylamine (DMA)water (H2O) nucleation, including sulfuric acid dimers and H2SO4-DMA clusters. In a cluster kinetics simulation, the observed concentration of sulfuric acid was high enough to explain the particle growth to similar to 3 nanometers under the very high condensation sink, whereas the subsequent higher growth rate beyond this size is believed to result fromthe added contribution of condensing organic species. These findings will help in understanding urban NPF and its air quality and climate effects, as well as in formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in China.
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| 3. |
- Kattge, Jens, et al.
(författare)
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TRY plant trait database - enhanced coverage and open access
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 26:1, s. 119-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
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| 4. |
- Chen, Xuelong, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Precipitation Process in the Water Vapor Channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon
- 2024
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 105:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon (YGC) is an important pathway for water vapor transport from southern Asia to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This area exhibits one of the highest frequencies of convective activity in China, and precipitation often induces natural disasters in local communities, which can dramatically affect their livelihoods. In addition, the produced precipitation gives rise to vast glaciers and large rivers around the YGC. In 2018, the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team to conduct an "investigation of the precipitation process in the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon" (INVC) in the southeastern TP. This team subsequently established a comprehensive observation system of land-air interaction, water vapor, clouds, and rainfall activity in the YGC. This paper introduces the developed observation system and summarizes the preliminary results obtained during the first two years of the project. Using this INVC observation network, herein, we focus on the development of rainfall events on the southeastern TP. This project also helps to monitor geohazards in the key area of the Sichuan-Tibet railway, which traverses the northern YGC. The observation datasets will benefit future research on mountain meteorology.
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| 5. |
- Chi, Chaodan, et al.
(författare)
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Si-based InGaAs photodetectors on heterogeneous integrated substrate
- 2021
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Ingår i: Science China: Physics, Mechanics and Astronomy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1674-7348 .- 1869-1927. ; 64:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, InGaAs p-i-n photodetectors (PDs) on an InP/SiO2/Si (InPOI) substrate fabricated by ion-slicing technology are demonstrated and compared with the identical device on a commercial InP substrate. The quality of epitaxial layers on the InPOI substrate is similar to that on the InP substrate. The photo responsivities of both devices measured at 1.55 µm are comparable, which are about 0.808–0.828 A W−1. Although the dark current of PD on the InPOI substrate is twice as high as that of PD on the InP substrate at 300 K, the peak detectivities of both PDs are comparable. In general, the overall performance of the InPOI-based PD is comparable to the InP-based PD, demonstrating that the ion-slicing technology is a promising route to enable the high-quality Si-based InP platform for the full photonic integration on a Si substrate.
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| 6. |
- Chi, Zhi-Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Zinc transporter 7 is located in the cis-Golgi apparatus of mouse choroid epithelial cells.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965. ; 17:17, s. 1807-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The cellular localization of zinc transporter 7 protein in the mouse choroid plexus was examined in this study. Zinc transporter 7 immunoreactive cells were detected in the third, lateral, and fourth ventricles of CD-1 mouse brain. Distinct zinc transporter 7 immunoreactivity was concentrated in the perinuclear regions of the positive cells. The results from zinc autometallography showed that zinc-positive grains were also predominantly located in the perinuclear areas. Ultrastructural localization showed that zinc transporter 7 immunostaining was predominantly present in the membrane and cisternae of the cis-Golgi networks and some vesicle compartments. The results support the notion that zinc transporter 7 may participate in the transport of the cytoplasmic zinc into the Golgi apparatus, and may be involved in local packaging of zinc-binding proteins in the mouse choroid plexus.
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| 7. |
- Gao, Hui-Ling, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of zinc transporter ZnT7 in mouse superior cervical ganglion.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-0702. ; 140:1-2, s. 59-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons contain a considerable amount of zinc ions, but little is known about the zinc homeostasis in the SCG. It is known that zinc transporter 7 (ZnT7, Slc30a7), a member of the Slc30 ZnT family, is involved in mobilizing zinc ions from the cytoplasm into the Golgi apparatus. In the present study, we examined the expression and localization of ZnT7 and labile zinc ions in the mouse SCG using immunohistochemistry, Western blot and in vivo zinc selenium autometallography (AMG). Our immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the ZnT7 immunoreactivity in the SCG neurons was predominately present in the perinuclear region of the neurons, suggesting an affiliation to the Golgi apparatus. The Western blot results verified that ZnT7 protein was expressed in the mouse SCGs. The AMG reaction product was shown to have a similar distribution as ZnT7 immunoreactivity. These observations support the notion that ZnT7 may participate in zinc transport, storage, and incorporation of zinc into zinc-binding proteins in the Golgi apparatus of mouse SCG neurons.
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| 8. |
- Xie, Lan, et al.
(författare)
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Shear capacity of stud-groove connector in Glulam-concrete composite structure
- 2017
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Ingår i: BioResources. - : North Carolina State University. - 1930-2126. ; 12:3, s. 4690-4706
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A timber-concrete composite structure (TCC) is economically and environmentally friendly. One of the key design points of this kind of structure is to ensure the reliability of the shear connectors. The objective of this paper is to study the mechanical property of stud-groove-type connectors and to provide shear capacity equations for stud-groove connectors in timber-concrete composite structures. Based on the Johansen Yield Theory (European Yield Model), some mechanical models and capacity equations for stud-groove-type connectors in timber-concrete structures were studied. Push-out specimens with different parameters (stud diameter, stud length, groove width, and groove depth) were tested to obtain the shear capacity and slip modulus. The experimental strengths were used to validate equations given in the paper. The shear capacity and slip modulus of stud-groove-type connectors was in direct proportion to the diameter of studs and the dimension of the groove. Comparison between the theoretical and the experimental shear strength results showed reasonable agreement. The highlight of this study on shear capacity equations could significantly reduce the push-out tests before investigating the other properties of TCC.
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| 9. |
- Xu, Jianhua, et al.
(författare)
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A Variant of the Autophagy-Related 5 Gene is Associated with Child Cerebral Palsy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 1662-5102. ; 18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a major cause of childhood disability in developed and developing countries, but the pathogenic mechanisms of CP development remain largely unknown. Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular self-digestion of damaged organelles and dysfunctional macromolecules. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5)-dependent autophagy is involved in neural development, neuronal differentiation, and neurological degenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze ATG5 protein expression and gene polymorphisms in Chinese patients with CP and to evaluate the importance of ATG5 in the development of CP. Five polymorphisms from different regions of the ATG5 gene (rs510432, rs3804338, rs573775, rs2299863, and rs6568431) were analyzed in 715 CP patients and 658 controls using MassARRAY. Of these, 58 patients and 56 controls were selected for measurement of plasma ATG5 level using ELISA. The relevance of disease-associated SNPs was evaluated using the SHEsis program. We identified a significant association between rs6568431 and CP (OR = 1.388, 95% CI = 1.173∼1.643, Pallele = 0.0005, Pgenotype = 0.0015). Subgroup analysis showed a highly significant association of rs6568431 with spastic CP (n = 468, OR = 1.511, 95% CI = 1.251∼1.824, Pallele = 8.50e−005, Pgenotype = 1.57e−004) and spastic quadriplegia (OR = 1.927, 95% CI = 1.533∼2.421, Pallele = 7.35e−008, Pgenotype = 3.24e−009). Furthermore, mean plasma ATG5 levels were lower in CP patients than in controls, and individuals carrying the AA genotype of rs6568431 that was positively associated with CP had lower plasma ATG5 levels (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated an association of an ATG5 gene variant and low level of ATG5 protein with CP, and stronger associations with severe clinical manifestations were identified. Our results provide novel evidence for a role of ATG5 in CP and shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying this neurodevelopmental disorder.
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| 10. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Icon Design Recommendations for Central Consoles of Intelligent Vehicles
- 2020
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Ingår i: Human Interaction, Emerging Technologies and Future Applications II. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030442668 - 9783030442675 ; , s. 285-291
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Advances in vehicle technology open up both opportunities and challenges for human-machine interface (HMI) design in intelligent vehicles. Design guidelines for icons in central consoles of vehicles have been discussed in human-computer interaction community, but more study and innovation are needed in icon design. In this paper, we investigated the displayed line thickness and size of icons in the intelligent vehicle’s central control screen, based on international design guidelines and standards. The experiment involved 17 participants performing simulated in-vehicle secondary task. The result from the experiments shows that the usability of icons increases and the driver’s workload decreases as the icons get larger. We also found a set of recommended values for size and line thickness of icons in this context. Future work will focus on providing design guidelines for other aspects of HMI design in intelligent vehicles.
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| 11. |
- Zu, L., et al.
(författare)
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Joint optimization in multi-user MIMO-OFDMA relay-enhanced cellular networks
- 2011
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Ingår i: 2011 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conferenc. - : IEEE. - 9781612842547 ; , s. 13-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- MIMO, OFDMA and cooperative relaying are the key technologies in future wireless communication systems. However, under the usage of these technologies, resource allocation becomes a more crucial and challenging task. In multi-user MIMO-OFDMA relay-enhanced cellular networks, we formulate the optimal instantaneous resource allocation problem including user group selection, path selection, power allocation, and subchannel scheduling to maximize system capacity. We first propose a low-complex resource allocation algorithm named CP-CP under constant uniform power allocation and then use a water-filling method named CP-AP to allocate power among transmitting antennas. Moreover, we solve the original optimization problem efficiently by using the Jensen's inequality and propose a modified iterative water-filling algorithm named AP-CP. Based on AP-CP, the AP-AP algorithm is proposed to allocate power adaptively not only among subchannels but also among multiple transmitting. Finally, we compare the performance of the four schemes. Our results show that allocating power among subchannels is more effective than among transmitting antennas if the average signal-to-noise radio of users is low, and vice versa. Furthermore, the AP-AP algorithm achieves the highest throughout especially for users near the cell edge.
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| 12. |
- Chaturvedi, Swasti, et al.
(författare)
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Slit2 Prevents Neutrophil Recruitment and Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury : english
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. - 1046-6673. ; 24:8, s. 1274-1287
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neutrophils recruited to the postischemic kidney contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which is the most common cause of renal failure among hospitalized patients. The Slit family of secreted proteins inhibits chemotaxis of leukocytes by preventing activation of Rho-family GTPases, suggesting that members of this family might modulate the recruitment of neutrophils and the resulting IRI. Here, in static and microfluidic shear assays, Slit2 inhibited multiple steps required for the infiltration of neutrophils into tissue. Specifically, Slit2 blocked the capture and firm adhesion of human neutrophils to inflamed vascular endothelial barriers as well as their subsequent transmigration. To examine whether these observations were relevant to renal IRI, we administered Slit2 to mice before bilateral clamping of the renal pedicles. Assessed at 18 hours after reperfusion, Slit2 significantly inhibited renal tubular necrosis, neutrophil and macrophage infiltration, and rise in plasma creatinine. In vitro, Slit2 did not impair the protective functions of neutrophils, including phagocytosis and superoxide production, and did not inhibit neutrophils from killing the extracellular pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. In vivo, administration of Slit2 did not attenuate neutrophil recruitment or bacterial clearance in mice with ascending Escherichia coli urinary tract infections and did not increase the bacterial load in the livers of mice infected with the intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Collectively, these results suggest that Slit2 may hold promise as a strategy to combat renal IRI without compromising the protective innate immune response.
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| 13. |
- Guo, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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A facile synthesis of molecularly imprinted polymers and their properties as electrochemical sensors for ethyl carbamate analysis
- 2018
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Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 2046-2069. ; 8:69, s. 39721-39730
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), which exhibit specific recognition of ethyl carbamate (EC) have been synthesized and studied. In this process, EC was the template molecule and -cyclodextrin derivatives were employed as functional monomers in the molecular imprinting technique (MIT). An EC molecularly imprinted sensor (EC-MIS) was prepared by using MIT surface modification. The EC-MIS was characterized by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and differential pulse voltammetry. EC detection performance, binding parameters and dynamics mechanism were investigated. The result showed that the synthetic route designed was appropriate and that new MIP and EC-MIS were successfully prepared. The EC-MIS exhibited a good molecular recognition of EC. A linear relationship between current and EC concentration was observed using cyclic voltammetry and the detection limit was 5.86 g L-1. The binding constant (K = 4.75 x 10(6) L mol(-1)) between EC and the EC-MIS, as well as, the number of binding sites (n = 1.48) has been determined. The EC-MIS recognition mechanism for the EC is a two-step process. The sensor was applied for the determination of EC in Chinese yellow wines, and the results were in good agreement with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.
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| 14. |
- Jansen, Marcel A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Environmental plastics in the context of UV radiation, climate change, and the Montreal Protocol
- 2024
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 30:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There are close links between solar UV radiation, climate change, and plastic pollution. UV-driven weathering is a key process leading to the degradation of plastics in the environment but also the formation of potentially harmful plastic fragments such as micro- and nanoplastic particles. Estimates of the environmental persistence of plastic pollution, and the formation of fragments, will need to take in account plastic dispersal around the globe, as well as projected UV radiation levels and climate change factors.image
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| 15. |
- Jansen, Marcel A. K., et al.
(författare)
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Plastics in the environment in the context of UV radiation, climate change and the Montreal Protocol : UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2023
- 2024
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Ingår i: Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. - : Springer Nature. - 1474-905X .- 1474-9092.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment.
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| 16. |
- Jiao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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PHIP - a novel candidate breast cancer susceptibility locus on 6q14.1
- 2017
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Ingår i: Oncotarget. - : IMPACT JOURNALS LLC. - 1949-2553. ; 8:61, s. 102769-102782
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Most non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer families have no identified genetic cause. We used linkage and haplotype analyses in familial and sporadic breast cancer cases to identify a susceptibility locus on chromosome 6q. Two independent genome-wide linkage analysis studies suggested a 3 Mb locus on chromosome 6q and two unrelated Swedish families with a LOD > 2 together seemed to share a haplotype in 6q14.1. We hypothesized that this region harbored a rare high-risk founder allele contributing to breast cancer in these two families. Sequencing of DNA and RNA from the two families did not detect any pathogenic mutations. Finally, 29 SNPs in the region were analyzed in 44,214 cases and 43,532 controls from BCAC, and the original haplotypes in the two families were suggested as low-risk alleles for European and Swedish women specifically. There was also some support for one additional independent moderate-risk allele in Swedish familial samples. The results were consistent with our previous findings in familial breast cancer and supported a breast cancer susceptibility locus at 6q14.1 around the PHIP gene.
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| 17. |
- Li, Jing, et al.
(författare)
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Neurotensin accelerates atherosclerosis and increases circulating levels of short-chain and saturated triglycerides
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 0021-9150.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Obesity and type 2 diabetes are significant risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide, but the underlying pathophysiological links are poorly understood. Neurotensin (NT), a 13-amino-acid hormone peptide, facilitates intestinal fat absorption and contributes to obesity in mice fed a high-fat diet. Elevated levels of pro-NT (a stable NT precursor produced in equimolar amounts relative to NT) are associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and CVD in humans. Whether NT is a causative factor in CVD is unknown. Methods: Nt+/+ and Nt–/– mice were either injected with adeno-associated virus encoding PCSK9 mutants or crossed with Ldlr–/– mice and fed a Western diet. Atherosclerotic plaques were analyzed by en face analysis, Oil Red O and CD68 staining. In humans, we evaluated the association between baseline pro-NT and growth of carotid bulb thickness after 16.4 years. Lipidomic profiles were analyzed. Results: Atherosclerotic plaque formation is attenuated in Nt-deficient mice through mechanisms that are independent of reductions in circulating cholesterol and triglycerides but associated with remodeling of the plasma triglyceride pool. An increasing plasma concentration of pro-NT predicts atherosclerotic events in coronary and cerebral arteries independent of all major traditional risk factors, indicating a strong link between NT and atherosclerosis. This plasma lipid profile analysis confirms the association of pro-NT with remodeling of the plasma triglyceride pool in atherosclerotic events. Conclusions: Our findings are the first to directly link NT to increased atherosclerosis and indicate the potential role for NT in preventive and therapeutic strategies for CVD.
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| 18. |
- Li, Yuling, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed Neural-Network-Based Cooperation Control for Teleoperation of Multiple Mobile Manipulators Under Round-Robin Protocol
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems. - 2162-237X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article addresses the distributed cooperative control design for a class of sampled-data teleoperation systems with multiple slave mobile manipulators grasping an object in the presence of communication bandwidth limitation and time delays. Discrete-time information transmission with time-varying delays is assumed, and the Round-Robin (RR) scheduling protocol is used to regulate the data transmission from the multiple slaves to the master. The control task is to guarantee the task-space position synchronization between the master and the grasped object with the mobile bases in a fixed formation. A fully distributed control strategy including neural-network-based task-space synchronization controllers and neural-network-based null-space formation controllers is proposed, where the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks with adaptive estimation of approximation errors are used to compensate the dynamical uncertainties. The stability and the synchronization/formation features of the single-master-multiple-slaves (SMMS) teleoperation system are analyzed, and the relationship among the control parameters, the upper bound of the time delays, and the maximum allowable sampling interval is established. Experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.
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| 19. |
- Li, Yiyin, et al.
(författare)
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Pollen production estimates (PPEs) and fall speeds for major tree taxa and relevant source areas of pollen (RSAP) in Changbai Mountain, northeastern China
- 2015
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Ingår i: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. - 0034-6667. ; 216, s. 92-100
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For model-based quantitative reconstructions of past vegetation cover on the scale of landscapes, pollen productivity estimates (PPEs) are key input parameters. In this study, we employed a random sampling strategy to collect moss polsters at 20 sites in Changbai Mountain, northeastern China. A detailed vegetation survey within 1000-m radius around each sampling point was carried out and digitized vegetation maps were used for, vegetation data compilation. A forest map at the scale of 1:25,000 was used to extract information about vegetation for the area between 1000 and 5000 m from each sampling point. Using the ERV (Extended R-Value) model, pollen productivity was estimated for Larix, Pinus, Juglans, Ulmus, Tilia, Betula and Fraxinus relative to Quercus. Estimates of pollen fall speeds for the eight taxa as well as the relevant source area of pollen (RSAP) were also obtained. Three different ERV sub-models were tested against the data. The sub-model 3 produced the best goodness of fit and the PPE values calculated with this sub-model show that BMA (5.04), Pinus (3.11), Juglans (1.94) and Ulmus (1.40) are high pollen producers with higher PPEs than Quercus while Fraxinus (0.76), Larix (0.30), Tilia (0.16) are low pollen producers compared to Quercus. The high pollen producers are all anemophilous species, while low pollen producing plants include both entomophilous, such as Fraxinus, Tilia and anemophilous species such as Larix. The estimated RSAP for the eight tree pollen taxa is about 2000-2500 m. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 20. |
- Liu, Min, et al.
(författare)
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Density Functional Theory Study of Influence of Oxide Thickness and Surface Alloying on Cl Migration within alpha-Al2O3
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 168:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Insertion and migration of chlorine atoms (Cl) in alpha-Al2O3 were studied by density functional theory calculations focusing on the influence of oxide thickness and doping by Mg, Cu and Si. Work function, electronic band gap, and insertion energy were calculated to explore thermodynamics of Cl migration. Partial density of state (PDOS) calculations revealed the role of dopants in the electronic character of metal-O and Al-Cl bonds. Work function data showed the effect of Cl insertion into the oxide film on the corrosion resistance. Cl can locate at an O vacancy (V-O) with a large exothermic insertion energy, independent of oxide thickness, but can only locate at superficial Al vacancy (V-Al) exothermically. The energy barrier for Cl migration via neighboring V-O increases with oxide thickness, and is 2 similar to 2.5 eV for thicker oxides. Cl insertion causes a work function reduction exceeding 2 eV, implying a decreased corrosion resistance. The inhibition of Cl migration by Si-doping can be explained by a more intense hybridization peak of Si-O over Al-O in the PDOS profile, while the reduction of energy barrier by Mg-/Cu-doping probably is due to the deviation of metal-s state from the Fermi energy, thus facilitating Cl movement within the oxide.
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| 21. |
- Nedfors, Nils, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of magnetron sputtered Cr-B and Cr-B-C thin films for electrical contact applications
- 2015
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 266, s. 167-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have deposited Cr-B and Cr-B-C thin films by co-sputtering from chromium boride and carbon targets. The binary Cr-B films consist of nanocrystalline and substoichiometric CrB2 - x grains (B/Cr atomic ratio <= 1.5) with a (101)-texture, where B segregates to the grain boundaries forming a B-rich tissue phase. A hardness of 25 GPa is measured for these films. They have a low wear resistance, attributed to a (101)-texture and limited adhesion. As a consequence, wear debris in the CrB2 - x wear track from delaminated film and steel-to-steel contact between the exposed substrate and the counter surface result in a high friction (0.52-0.78 against stainless steel) making the Cr-B films unsuitable as sliding electric contacts. Cr-B-C films, on the other hand, form a two phase amorphous structure at >17 at.% C consisting of an amorphous Cr-rich phase containing both B and C and an amorphous matrix phase containing mainly B and C. The addition of C improves the adhesion and tribological properties and a coefficient of friction of 0.12 is obtained at 38 at.% C. The improved tribological properties are explained by the formation of the matrix phase, which acts as a solid lubricant forming a graphite-like tribofilm during ball-on-disc test. However, the formation of an amorphous structure is not beneficial for the electrical contact resistance, which increases from 0.5 Omega for the Cr-B film to 1.5 and 2.3 Omega for the Cr-B-C films containing 17 and 26 at% C, respectively. Finally, the importance of a chemical analysis of the chromium boride sputtering target composition is discussed.
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| 22. |
- Qu, Yanhua, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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The evolution of ancestral and species-specific adaptations in snowfinches at the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 10.1073/pnas.2012398118:13, s. e2012398118-e2012398118
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species in a shared environment tend to evolve similar adaptations under the influence of their phylogenetic context. Using snowfinches, a monophyletic group of passerine birds (Passeridae), we study the relative roles of ancestral and species-specific adaptations to an extreme high-elevation environment, the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Our ancestral trait reconstruction shows that the ancestral snowfinch occupied high elevations and had a larger body mass than most nonsnowfinches in Passeridae. Subsequently, this phenotypic adaptation diversified in the descendant species. By comparing high-quality genomes from representatives of the three phylogenetic lineages, we find that about 95% of genes under positive selection in the descendant species are different from those in the ancestor. Consistently, the biological functions enriched for these species differ from those of their ancestor to various degrees (semantic similarity values ranging from 0.27 to 0.5), suggesting that the three descendant species have evolved divergently from the initial adaptation in their common ancestor. Using a functional assay to a highly selective gene, DTL, we demonstrate that the nonsynonymous substitutions in the ancestor and descendant species have improved the repair capacity of ultraviolet-induced DNA damage. The repair kinetics of the DTL gene shows a twofold to fourfold variation across the ancestor and the descendants. Collectively, this study reveals an exceptional case of adaptive evolution to high-elevation environments, an evolutionary process with an initial adaptation in the common ancestor followed by adaptive diversification of the descendant species.
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| 23. |
- Shepherd, Tyson R, et al.
(författare)
-
De novo design and synthesis of a 30-cistron translation-factor module
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Nucleic Acids Research. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 0305-1048 .- 1362-4962. ; 45:18, s. 10895-10905
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two of the many goals of synthetic biology are synthesizing large biochemical systems and simplifying their assembly. While several genes have been assembled together by modular idempotent cloning, it is unclear if such simplified strategies scale to very large constructs for expression and purification of whole pathways. Here we synthesize from oligodeoxyribonucleotides a completely de-novo-designed, 58-kb multigene DNA. This BioBrick plasmid insert encodes 30 of the 31 translation factors of the PURE translation system, each His-tagged and in separate transcription cistrons. Dividing the insert between three high-copy expression plasmids enables the bulk purification of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and translation factors necessary for affordable, scalable reconstitution of an in vitro transcription and translation system, PURE 3.0.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Sundberg, Jill, et al.
(författare)
-
Tribochemically Active Ti–C–S Nanocomposite Coatings
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Materials Research Letters. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2166-3831. ; 1:3, s. 148-155
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate a new concept of self-adaptive materials, where sulphur is incorporated into TiC/a-C coatings and may be released in, for example, a tribological contact. By reactive sputtering with H2S, sulphur goes into the carbide to form a TiC x S y phase in an amorphous carbon matrix. The addition of sulphur lowers the friction against steel. Significantly lower friction is obtained against a tungsten counter-surface, as WS2 is generated in the contact. Annealing experiments and formation energy calculations confirm that sulphur can be released from TiC x S y . Ti–C–S coatings are thus chemically active in tribological contacts, creating possibilities of new low-friction systems.
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| 26. |
- Wang, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Insight of chemical environmental risk and its management from the vinyl chloride accident
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Frontiers of Environmental Science and Engineering. - : Springer. - 2095-2201 .- 2095-221X. ; 17:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The combustion of vinyl chloride (VC) after the train derailment accident in Ohio, USA in February, 2023 has caused widespread concern around the world. This paper tried to analyze several issues concerning the accident, including the appropriateness of the VC combustion in the emergency response in this accident, the meanings of so-called "controlled combustion", the potential environmental risks caused by VC and combustion by-products, and follow-up work. In our view, this accident had surely caused environmental and health risks to some extent. Hence, a comprehensive environmental risk assessment is necessary, and then the site with risk should be comprehensively remediated, hazardous waste should be harmlessly treated as soon as possible. Finally, this accident suggests that further efforts should be taken to bridge the gap between chemical safety management and their environmental risk management.
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| 27. |
- Wang, Hong, et al.
(författare)
-
Activation of Hormone-sensitive Lipase Requires Two Steps, Protein Phosphorylation and Binding to the PAT-1 Domain of Lipid Droplet Coat Proteins
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 1083-351X. ; 284:46, s. 32116-32125
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lipolysis is an important metabolic pathway controlling energy homeostasis through degradation of triglycerides stored in lipid droplets and release of fatty acids. Lipid droplets of mammalian cells are coated with one or more members of the PAT protein family, which serve important functions in regulating lipolysis. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms by which PAT family members, perilipin A, adipose differentiation-related protein (ADFP), and LSDP5, control lipolysis catalyzed by hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), a major lipase in adipocytes and several non-adipose cells. We applied fluorescence microscopic tools to analyze proteins in situ in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells using fluorescence recovery after photo-bleaching and anisotropy Forster resonance energy transfer. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data show that ADFP and LSDP5 exchange between lipid droplet and cytoplasmic pools, whereas perilipin A does not. Differences in protein mobility do not correlate with PAT protein-mediated control of lipolysis catalyzed by HSL or endogenous lipases. Forster resonance energy transfer and co-immunoprecipitation experiments reveal that each of the three PAT proteins bind HSL through interaction of the lipase with amino acids within the highly conserved amino-terminal PAT-1 domain. ADFP and LSDP5 bind HSL under basal conditions, whereas phosphorylation of serine residues within three amino-terminal protein kinase A consensus sequences of perilipin A is required for HSL binding and maximal lipolysis. Finally, protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of HSL increases lipolysis in cells expressing ADFP or LSDP5; in contrast, phosphorylation of perilipin A exerts the major control over HSL-mediated lipolysis when perilipin is the main lipid droplet protein.
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| 28. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
A near-wearless and extremely long lifetime amorphous carbon film under high vacuum
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2045-2322. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prolonging wear life of amorphous carbon films under vacuum was an enormous challenge. In this work, we firstly reported that amorphous carbon film as a lubricant layer containing hydrogen, oxygen, fluorine and silicon (a-C:H:O:F:Si) exhibited low friction (similar to 0.1), ultra-low wear rate (9.0 x 10(-13) mm(3) N-1 mm(-1)) and ultra-long wear life (>2 x 10(6) cycles) under high vacuum. We systematically examined microstructure and composition of transfer film for understanding of the underlying frictional mechanism, which suggested that the extraordinarily excellent tribological properties were attributed to the thermodynamically and structurally stable FeF2 nanocrystallites corroborated using first-principles calculations, which were induced by the tribochemical reaction.
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| 29. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Carbon aerogels from bacterial nanocellulose as anodes for lithium ion batteries
- 2014
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 4:34, s. 17549-17554
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon aerogels with large open pores and high surface area are fabricated via pyrolysis of a readily available natural resource, e. g., bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) aerogels. Freeze-drying of the BNC hydrogels is used to preserve the 3D open network structure upon calcination whereas using Fe(III) improves the yield and H/C ratio. These carbon aerogels are explored as anodes in lithium ion batteries where it is shown that they deliver superior capacity retention and rate performance compared to other carbon-based materials.
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| 30. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperate or not : The secondary user's dilemma in hierarchical spectrum sharing networks
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC). - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 9781467331227 ; , s. 2650-2655
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a spectrum sharing network consisting of a primary and a cognitive secondary transmitter-receiver pair, where the secondary transmitter can cooperatively relay primary traffic. If the secondary user chooses not to cooperate, it can transmit only when the channel is sensed idle. Otherwise, it relays the primary packet and transmits its own packet in the same time slot while guaranteeing the performance of the primary transmission. Choosing cooperation, the secondary user can transmit a packet immediately even if the primary queue is not empty, but it has to bear the additional cost of relaying. We consider a cognitive system, where, to solve this dilemma, the secondary user decides dynamically on when to cooperate. We derive the bounds of the stable-throughput region of the system, and formulate the problem as a Markov decision process (MDP). We prove the existence of a stationary policy that is average cost optimal. Numerical results show that the optimal dynamic secondary access can trade off between the gain and the cost of cooperation, and the average cost can be decreased significantly.
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| 31. |
- Wang, Liping, 1982-
(författare)
-
Cooperative and Cognitive Communication in Wireless Networks
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the last decade, significant efforts and progress have been made by both the industry and academia to meet the rapidly growing demand for wireless applications and services. To achieve more flexible, dynamic and intelligent use of the limited wireless spectrum, cooperative transmission and cognitive networking are proposed as two of the key technologies for the next generation wireless communication systems, such as Long-Term Evolution Advanced. Cooperative transmission techniques, such as cooperative relaying and Multiple-Input and Multiple-Output (MIMO) can increase spectrum efficiency by utilizing the diversity of wireless channels, while cognitive transmitters tune their transmission parameters according to the environment to optimize network level performance. In this thesis, we provide performance modeling and analysis of different cooperative and cognitive communication techniques to exploit their potential.In the first part of the thesis, we investigate the performance of hop-by-hop cooperative communication on a multihop transmission path applying spatial reuse time division multiplexing, where interference from simultaneous transmissions exists. Based on the models, we compare the performance of hop-by-hop cooperation with the performance of traditional simple multihopping schemes, and give the regimes where hop-by-hop cooperation achieves significant gain. Considering random networks, we propose cooperative geographic routing, the integration of hop-by-hop cooperation with traditional geographic routing, and evaluate the effects of the topology knowledge range and the network density.In the second part of the thesis, we discuss how cooperative transmission techniques can be utilized in cognitive and hierarchical spectrum sharing networks, where the primary users have transmission guarantees, and the coexisting secondary users need to be cognitive and adjust their transmissions in the shared spectrum bands to conform constraints from the primary users. We consider large-scale coexisting primary and secondary networks, where concurrent primary and secondary transmissions are allowed, and the secondary users provide cooperative relaying for the primary ones and control the interference at the primary receivers by tuning the probability of transmitting and by forming a primary exclusive region around each primary receiver within which all secondary users have to be silent. We define a unified analytic framework to model the performance of cooperative spectrum sharing and cognitive transmission control, characterize their achievable gains, and show that both of the networks have strong incentives to participate in the collaboration.Finally, we investigate spectrum sharing networks where both primary and secondary users have stochastic packet arrival. Under the constraint that the performance of primary users does not degrade, we find the dilemma for the secondary users. That is, if a secondary user chooses to cooperate, it can transmit immediately even if the primary queue is not empty, but has additional costs for relaying primary packets, such as increased power consumption. We propose a dynamic cooperation scheme for the secondary user so that it can make sequential decision on whether to cooperate or not in each time slot based on the state of the network. We show that optimal sequential decision is necessary to efficiently trade off the cooperation cost and the packet delay of the secondary user.
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| 32. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperative Communication for Spatial Frequency Reuse Multihop Wireless Networks under Slow Rayleigh Fading
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC). - New York : IEEE. - 9781612842332
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cooperative communication has been proposed as a means to increase the capacity of a wireless link by mitigating the path-loss, fading and shadowing effects of radio propagation. In this paper, we evaluate the efficiency of cooperative communication in large scale wireless networks under interference from simultaneous transmissions. Specifically, we consider tunable spatial reuse time division multiplexing and half-duplex decode-and-forward cooperative relaying on a hop-by-hop basis. We show that hop-by-hop cooperation improves the reliability of the transmissions particularly in the low-SINR or in the low-coding-rate regimes. Moreover, hop-by-hop cooperative relaying gains 15 - 20% more throughput compared to simple multihopping in the interference-limited regime, if the relay location and the reuse distance are jointly optimized.
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| 33. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperative geographic routing in wireless mesh networks
- 2010
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose cooperative geographic routing (cGeo-routing) for wireless mesh networks by combining cooperative transmission with traditional geographic routing. We model and evaluate two cGeo-routing schemes including Cooperative-Random Progress Forwarding (C-RPF) and Cooperative-Nearest with Forward Progress (C-NFP). We show that cGeo-routing significantly increases the average transport capacity for a single hop in well connected mesh networks, and the gain increases with the transmitted signal-to noise ratio (SNR). Moreover, there exists an optimal topology knowledge range in C-RPF, whereas an optimal node density in C-NFP. Our results also suggest that hop-by-hop cooperation can increase transport capacity in high-connectivity and high-SNR regimes, however, it does not change the transport capacity scaling law of the mesh network.
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| 34. |
- Wang, Liping, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic Cooperative Secondary Access in Hierarchical Spectrum Sharing Networks
- 2014
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; 13:11, s. 6068-6080
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We address the challenge of energy efficiency in hierarchical spectrum sharing networks with dynamic traffic. We consider a primary and a cognitive secondary transmitter-receiver pair, where the secondary transmitter can utilize cooperative transmission to relay primary traffic while superimposing its own information. The secondary user meets a dilemma in this scenario. By choosing cooperation, it can transmit a packet immediately, but it has to bear the additional cost of relaying. Otherwise, it can wait for the primary user to become idle, which increases the queuing delay that secondary packets experience. To solve this dilemma and trade off delay and energy consumption, we propose dynamic cooperative secondary access control that takes the state of the spectrum sharing network into account. We formulate the problem as a Markov decision process and prove the existence of a stationary policy that is average cost optimal. We evaluate reinforcement learning to find optimal transmission strategy when the traffic and link statistics are not known. We demonstrate that dynamic cooperation is necessary for the secondary system to be able to adapt to changing network conditions and show that optimal sequential decision can significantly improve the tradeoff of the energy consumption and the delay.
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| 35. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Gain of Primary Exclusion Region and Vertical Cooperation in Spectrum Sharing Wireless Networks
- 2012
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology. - 0018-9545 .- 1939-9359. ; 61:8, s. 3746-3758
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emerging cognitive radio (CR) technology enables the introduction of hierarchical spectrum sharing in wireless networks, where the primary users (PUs) have transmission guarantees, but the coexisting secondary users (SUs) need to be cognitive toward primary activities and adjust their transmissions to conform to the primary constraints. We consider large-scale coexisting primary and secondary networks, where concurrent primary and secondary transmissions are allowed and where the SUs control the interference at the primary receivers by tuning the probability of transmitting and by forming a primary exclusive region (PER) around each primary receiver within which all SUs have to be silent. Moreover, the primary source-destination pairs utilize vertical cooperation by selecting a nearby SU to act as a cooperative relay. We define a unified analytic framework to model cognition and cooperative transmission in large-scale networks. We characterize the achievable gains considering the transmission density region and show that both of the networks have strong incentives to participate in the collaboration.
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| 36. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Gain of Vertical Cooperation in Cognitive Radio Networks
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 2011 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS (ICC). - New York : IEEE. - 9781612842332
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We consider a cognitive radio network where primary users (PUs) and secondary users (SUs) coexist and share the same spectrum. Secondary users access the spectrum randomly and limit the outage probability experienced by the primaries by controlling their transmission probability and by obeying a primary exclusion region (PER), within which all SUs have to be inactive. We propose a vertical cooperative transmission scheme where the primary source-destination pairs select a neighboring idle SU, and use the selected SU as a cooperative relay. We consider three geographic relay selection rules and derive analytic models on the primary outage probability considering the effects of the secondary random access and the PER. Our results indicate that the proposed vertical cooperation increases significantly the allowed transmission probability of the SUs both without and with PER.
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| 37. |
- Wang, Liping, et al.
(författare)
-
Using cooperative transmission in wireless multihop networks
- 2009
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications. - 9781424451234
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates the efficiency of cooperative transmission when it is applied in wireless multihop networks. We consider regular linear networks and derive the achievable rate-delay tradeoff when selective relaying through a single relay node is used in each hop. We show that relaying achieves significant gain particularly in the high throughput - high delay regime.
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| 38. |
- Wang, Qin, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease is linked to promoter variants of XOR
- 2023
-
Ingår i: NATURE METABOLISM. - 2522-5812. ; 5, s. 607-625
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of kidney disease in people with diabetes is 10-30%, implicating genetic predisposition in the cause of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Here we identify an expression quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in the cis-acting regulatory region of the xanthine dehydrogenase, or xanthine oxidoreductase (Xor), a binding site for C/EBP beta, to be associated with diabetes-induced podocyte loss in DKD in male mice. We examine mouse inbred strains that are susceptible (DBA/2J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to DKD, as well as a panel of recombinant inbred BXD mice, to map QTLs. We also uncover promoter XOR orthologue variants in humans associated with high risk of DKD. We introduced the risk variant into the 5 '-regulatory region of XOR in DKD-resistant mice, which resulted in increased Xor activity associated with podocyte depletion, albuminuria, oxidative stress and damage restricted to the glomerular endothelium, which increase further with type 1 diabetes, high-fat diet and ageing. Therefore, differential regulation of Xor contributes to phenotypic consequences with diabetes and ageing. Wang et al. identify a promoter variant in xanthine oxidoreductase associated with diabetic kidney disease through increased podocyte depletion and glomerular injury.
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| 39. |
- Wang, Shu Min, 1963, et al.
(författare)
-
Dilute bismide and nitride alloys for mid-IR optoelectronic devices
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Mid-infrared Optoelectronics: Materials, Devices, and Applications. ; , s. 457-492
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dilute bismide and nitride provide flexible bandgap and strain engineering, owing to their unique physical properties, and are attractive for mid-IR (2-12 µm) optoelectronic device applications. In this chapter, we review progresses of theoretical simulations, epitaxial growth, material characterizations, and devices of dilute bismides including GaSbBi, AlSbBi, InAsBi, InAsSbBi, InGaAsBi, and InSbBi, as well as dilute nitrides including InNAs, GaNSb, InNSb, GaInNAs, and InNAsSb. The overview mainly focuses on growth optimization, optical characterizations, and theoretical calculations ending with outlook remarks about advantages and main challenges of both exotic materials.
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| 40. |
- Wang, Tianhao, et al.
(författare)
-
Regenerated Bamboo-Derived Cellulose Fibers/RGO-Based Composite for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 7th annual international conference on material science and environmental engineering. - : IOP Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bamboo-derived cellulose fibers/RGO carbon aerogel composite was prepared by using a facile aerogel-based method, in which bamboo pulp fibers were dissolved and incorporated in an ionic liquid system, and RGO was introduced by thermal reduction approach. The obtained bamboo-derived cellulose fibers/RGO carbon aerogel composite shows a large specific surface area, and excellent electrochemical performance. When the GO content was 2.5 wt%, the obtained composite showed a high specific surface area of 1957 m(2)/g, and high specific capacitance of 351 F/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte solution even with a more than 90% capacitance retention at a high scan rate of 200 mV/s. The bamboo-derived cellulose fibers/RGO composite electrodes show the low equivalent series resistance of 5.0 Omega and small charge transfer resistance of 0.30 Omega which further demonstrate the excellent electrochemical behaviors.
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| 41. |
- Wang, Yuan, et al.
(författare)
-
Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in local waterbird eggs from Hong Kong : Risk assessment to local waterbirds
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 83:7, s. 891-896
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The contamination status of the marine environment in Hong Kong was studied by measuring concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pollutants (i.e., hexachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, mirex, total heptachlor, total chlordane, total DDTs, total PCBs, and total toxaphenes) in the eggs of selected waterbird species from different locations around the city: Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) and Chinese Pond Heron (Ardeola bacchus) from Mai Po Village, Great Egret (Ardea alba) and Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) from A Chau, and Chinese Pond Heron (A. bacchus) from Ho Sheung Heung. The mean concentrations of total PCBs and total DDTs ranged from 191-11100ngg-1 lipid and 453-49000ngg-1 lipid, respectively. Recent exposure of waterbirds to technical chlordane was found in Hong Kong. The risk characterization demonstrated potential risks to birds associated with exposure to DDE, which was found to cause a reduction in survival of young in Hong Kong Ardeids based on the endpoint in the risk assessment.
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| 42. |
- Wang, Zhan-You, et al.
(författare)
-
Abundant expression of zinc transporters in Bergman glia of mouse cerebellum.
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Brain research bulletin. - : Elsevier BV. - 0361-9230. ; 64:5, s. 441-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Zinc transporters (ZnTs) are membrane proteins involved in zinc ion transportation in mammalian cells. Seven members of ZnT family, ZnT1-7, have been cloned and characterized. These transporter proteins have different cellular and sub-cellular locations, suggesting that they may play different roles in zinc homeostasis in normal and pathological conditions in different tissues. Cerebellum is one of the most zinc-enriched regions in the central nervous system, but little is known about zinc metabolism in the cerebellum. In the present study, we investigated the detailed distributions of four members (ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4 and ZnT6) of the ZnT family, in the mouse cerebellum. Immunostaining and confocal microscopic observations revealed a similar staining pattern of ZnTs in the molecular layer and the Purkinje cell layer. Double labeling with anti-S-100beta or anti-MAP2 and anti-ZnTs clearly showed that the Bergman glial cell bodies in the Purkinje cell layer and their radial processes in the molecular layer exhibited strong immunofluorescence of all the tested ZnTs. However, the somata of the Purkinje cells contained a moderate immunostaining for ZnT1, but virtually lack of other three ZnTs. In the granular layer, ZnTs appeared with different immunostaining patterns. ZnT1 was expressed in a small number of neuronal cell bodies and their primary dendrites, whereas ZnT3 and ZnT4 were present in nerve terminals but not in the neuronal somata. ZnT6 was undetectable in either the cell bodies or processes in the granular layer. The present results indicate that the Bergman glial cells may play an important role in zinc metabolism in the mouse cerebellar cortex.
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| 43. |
- Wang, Zhan-You, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamic zinc pools in mouse choroid plexus.
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Neuroreport. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0959-4965. ; 15:11, s. 1801-4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We examined the presence of Zn-transporters (ZnT1, ZnT3, ZnT4, and ZnT6) proteins and zinc ions in rat choroid epithelium with immunohistochemistry and zinc selenide autometallography (ZnSe(AMG)). The four ZnT proteins were all expressed in the choroid epithelial cells. ZnT3 immunostaining was found in vesicle membranes in the apical part of the cells, associated to the microvillus membrane. Correspondingly, the ZnSe(AMG) technique revealed zinc ions in small vesicles, in microvilli, and multivesicular bodies in the epithelial cells. Traceable zinc ions were also found in lysosome-like organelles of fenestrated endothelial cells, but here no corresponding ZnT3 immunostaining was seen. The observations suggests that the choroid plexus is instrumental to regulation of the level of zinc ions in the cerebrospinal fluid.
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| 44. |
- Wu, Zhongbin, et al.
(författare)
-
Achieving Extreme Utilization of Excitons by an Efficient Sandwich-Type Emissive Layer Architecture for Reduced Efficiency Roll-Off and Improved Operational Stability in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 8:5, s. 3150-3159
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It has been demonstrated that the efficiency roll-off is generally caused by the accumulation of excitons or charge carriers, which is intimately related to the emissive layer (EML) architecture in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this article, an efficient sandwich-type EML structure with a mixed-host EML sandwiched between two single-host EMLs was designed to eliminate this accumulation, thus simultaneously achieving high efficiency, low efficiency roll-off and good operational stability in the resulting OLEDs. The devices show excellent electroluminescence performances, realizing a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.6% with a maximum power efficiency of 105.6 lm W-1 and a maximum current efficiency of 93.5 cd A(-1). At the high brightness of 5 000 cd m(-2), they still remain as high as 23.3%, 71.1 lm W-1, and 88.3 cd A(-1), respectively. And, the device'lifetime is up to 2000 h at initial luminance of 1000 cd m(-2), which is significantly higher than that of compared devices with conventional EML structures. The improvement mechanism is systematically studied by the dependence of the exciton distribution in EML and the exciton quenching processes. It can be seen that the utilization of the efficient sandwich-type EML broadens the recombination zone width, thus greatly reducing the exciton quenching and increasing the probability of the exciton recombination. It is believed that the design concept, provides a new avenue for us to achieve high-performance OLEDs.
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| 45. |
- Wu, Zhenrui, et al.
(författare)
-
Unveiling the Mysteries: Acetonitrile's Dance with Weakly-Solvating Electrolytes in Shaping Gas Evolution and Electrochemical Performance of Zinc-ion Batteries
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie. - 1521-3773 .- 1433-7851. ; 63:19
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous Zn-metal battery (AZMB) is a promising candidate for future large-scale energy storage with commendable capacity, exceptional safety characteristics, and low cost. Acetonitrile (AN) has been widely used as an effective electrolyte constituent to improve AZMBs’ performance. However, its functioning mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we unveiled the critical roles of AN in AZMBs via comparative in situ electrochemical, gaseous, and morphological analyses. Despite its limited ability to solvate Zn ions, AN-modulated Zn-ion solvation sheath with increased anions and decreased water achieves a weakly-solvating electrolyte. As a result, the Zn||Zn cell with AN addition exhibited 63 times longer cycle life than cell without AN and achieved a 4 Ah cm−2 accumulated capacity with no H2 generation. In V2O5||Zn cells, for the first time, AN suppressing CO2 generation, elevating CO2-initiation voltage from 2→2.44 V (H2: 2.43→2.55 V) was discovered. AN-impeded transit and Zn-side deposition of dissolved vanadium ions, known as “crosstalk,” ameliorated inhomogeneous Zn deposition and dendritic Zn growth. At last, we demonstrated an AN-enabled high-areal-capacity AZMB (3.3 mAh cm−2) using high-mass-loading V2O5 cathode (26 mg cm−2). This study shed light on the strategy of constructing fast-desolvation electrolytes and offered insights for future electrolyte accommodation for high-voltage AZMB cathodes.
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| 46. |
- Xu, Yuzhe, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
-
Distributed spectrum leasing via vertical cooperation in cognitive radio networks
- 2015
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. - : IEEE conference proceedings. - 1536-1276 .- 1558-2248. ; , s. 185-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hierarchical cognitive radio networks, unlicensed secondary users can increase their achievable rates by assisting licensed primary user transmissions via cooperation. In this paper, a novel approach to maximize the transmission rates in the secondary network by optimizing the relay selection, the secondary transmit powers, and the cooperative relaying power splitting parameters is proposed. The resulting optimization problem is mixed integer and non-convex, which makes it NP hard to find the optimal solutions. Therefore, centralized and distributed solution methods to find near-to-optimal solutions of this challenging problem are proposed. The methods are based on iteratively solving the secondary relay selection by a greedy approach, and the optimal power allocation problem by a fixed-point approach together with alternating direction method of multipliers. It is established that both centralized and distributed solution methods always converge. The numerical results illustrate how the performance of the proposed solution methods depend on the primary performance margins, and show that they give a near-to-optimal solution in few iterations.
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| 47. |
- Xu, Yuzhe, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Distributed spectrum leasing via vertical cooperation in spectrum sharing networks
- 2014
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Ingår i: Cognitive Radio Oriented Wireless Networks and Communications (CROWNCOM), 2014 9th International Conference on. - : IEEE conference proceedings. ; , s. 185-190
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In hierarchical cognitive radio networks, unlicensedsecondary users can increase their achievable rates by assistinglicensed primary user transmissions via cooperation. In thispaper, a novel approach to maximize the transmission rates inthe secondary network by optimizing the relay selection, thesecondary transmit powers, and the cooperative relaying powersplitting parameters is proposed. The resulting optimizationproblem is mixed integer and non-convex, which makes it NPhard to find the optimal solutions. Therefore, centralized anddistributed solution methods to find near-to-optimal solutions ofthis challenging problem are proposed. The methods are basedon iteratively solving the secondary relay selection by a greedyapproach, and the optimal power allocation problem by a fixed-point approach together with alternating direction method ofmultipliers. It is established that both centralized and distributedsolution methods always converge. The numerical results illus-trate the performance of the proposed solution methods, andshow that they give a near-to-optimal solution. Moreover, theperformance margins of the primary transmitters that permitthe accommodation of relaying secondary users, still having highachievable transmit rates, are characterized.
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| 48. |
- Yang, Dong, et al.
(författare)
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Encapsulation of Halocarbons in a Tetrahedral Anion Cage
- 2015
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 54:30, s. 8658-8661
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Caged supramolecular systems are promising hosts for guest inclusion, separation, and stabilization. Well-studied examples are mainly metal-coordination-based or covalent architectures. An anion-coordination-based cage that is capable of encapsulating halocarbon guests is reported for the first time. This A(4)L(4)-type (A=anion) tetrahedral cage, [(PO4)(4)L-4](12-), assembled from a C-3-symmetric tris(bisurea) ligand (L) and phosphate ion (PO43-), readily accommodates a series of quasi-tetrahedral halocarbons, such as the Freon components CFCl3, CF2Cl2, CHFCl2, and C(CH3)F-3, and chlorocarbons CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, C(CH3)Cl-3, C(CH3)(2)Cl-2, and C(CH3)(3)Cl. The guest encapsulation in the solid state is confirmed by crystal structures, while the host-guest interactions in solution were demonstrated by NMR techniques.
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| 49. |
- Yang, Shujuan, et al.
(författare)
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Enhanced permeability, mechanical and antibacterial properties of cellulose acetate ultrafiltration membranes incorporated with lignocellulose nanofibrils
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. - : ELSEVIER. - 0141-8130 .- 1879-0003. ; 151, s. 159-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cellulose acetate (CA) ultrafiltration membranes are attracting more attention in wastewater purification due to its biodegradability and eco-friendly. The application of CA membranes, however, is limited by high susceptibility to bacterial corrosion and lack of mechanical tolerance that results in loss of life. To solve the above problems, we first fabricated the CA-based composite membranes incorporated with bamboo-based lignocellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) by a strategy of phase inversion. LCNFs was prepared by using a combined method of one-step chemical pretreatment and add hydrolysis coupled with high-pressure homogenization. The as-prepared CA/LCNFs composite membranes with 4 wt% lignin in the LCNFs exhibited high tensile strength of 7.08 MPa and strain-at-break of 12.21%, and high filtration permeability of 188.23 L. m(-2).h(-1) as ultrafiltration membranes for wastewater treatment, which could obviously inhibit the growth of Escherichia Coli.
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| 50. |
- You, Fang, et al.
(författare)
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Interface Color Design of Intelligent Vehicle Central Console
- 2021
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Ingår i: Advances in Usability, User Experience, Wearable and Assistive Technology. - Cham : Springer Nature. - 9783030800901 - 9783030800918 ; , s. 784-792
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The development of intelligent automobiles puts forward higher requirements for HMI design. The information obtained by drivers through vision accounts for 80%. As a key part of visual perception, color affects driving performance. This article investigates vehicle interface design about icon-background contrast. Three colors commonly used in car-machine interface are chosen: red, green and blue, and contrast is divided into five levels under daytime and nighttime. The participants tested three colors and the five contrasts in an experiment using classic paradigm of secondary tasks. We collected data from their driving behavior and subjective experience, trying to find a most appropriate value. The results show that recommended contrast values under different lighting conditions are 3:1 to 4:1 for red, blue, and green during the day; 3:1 for red at night, and 5:1 for blue and green, so that the vehicle central console color design references are formed.
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