| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 4. |
- Klionsky, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy
- 2012
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Ingår i: Autophagy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1554-8635 .- 1554-8627. ; 8:4, s. 445-544
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2008 we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, research on this topic has continued to accelerate, and many new scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Accordingly, it is important to update these guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Various reviews have described the range of assays that have been used for this purpose. Nevertheless, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to measure autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. A key point that needs to be emphasized is that there is a difference between measurements that monitor the numbers or volume of autophagic elements (e.g., autophagosomes or autolysosomes) at any stage of the autophagic process vs. those that measure flux through the autophagy pathway (i.e., the complete process); thus, a block in macroautophagy that results in autophagosome accumulation needs to be differentiated from stimuli that result in increased autophagic activity, defined as increased autophagy induction coupled with increased delivery to, and degradation within, lysosomes (in most higher eukaryotes and some protists such as Dictyostelium) or the vacuole (in plants and fungi). In other words, it is especially important that investigators new to the field understand that the appearance of more autophagosomes does not necessarily equate with more autophagy. In fact, in many cases, autophagosomes accumulate because of a block in trafficking to lysosomes without a concomitant change in autophagosome biogenesis, whereas an increase in autolysosomes may reflect a reduction in degradative activity. Here, we present a set of guidelines for the selection and interpretation of methods for use by investigators who aim to examine macroautophagy and related processes, as well as for reviewers who need to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of papers that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a formulaic set of rules, because the appropriate assays depend in part on the question being asked and the system being used. In addition, we emphasize that no individual assay is guaranteed to be the most appropriate one in every situation, and we strongly recommend the use of multiple assays to monitor autophagy. In these guidelines, we consider these various methods of assessing autophagy and what information can, or cannot, be obtained from them. Finally, by discussing the merits and limits of particular autophagy assays, we hope to encourage technical innovation in the field.
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| 5. |
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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 6. |
- Kristanl, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Seventh Visual Object Tracking VOT2019 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: 2019 IEEE/CVF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW). - : IEEE COMPUTER SOC. - 9781728150239 ; , s. 2206-2241
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2019 is the seventh annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 81 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis as well as the standard VOT methodology for long-term tracking analysis. The VOT2019 challenge was composed of five challenges focusing on different tracking domains: (i) VOT-ST2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB, (ii) VOT-RT2019 challenge focused on "real-time" short-term tracking in RGB, (iii) VOT-LT2019 focused on long-term tracking namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. Two new challenges have been introduced: (iv) VOT-RGBT2019 challenge focused on short-term tracking in RGB and thermal imagery and (v) VOT-RGBD2019 challenge focused on long-term tracking in RGB and depth imagery. The VOT-ST2019, VOT-RT2019 and VOT-LT2019 datasets were refreshed while new datasets were introduced for VOT-RGBT2019 and VOT-RGBD2019. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term, long-term tracking and tracking with multi-channel imagery. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 7. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Sixth Visual Object Tracking VOT2018 Challenge Results
- 2019
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Ingår i: Computer Vision – ECCV 2018 Workshops. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783030110086 - 9783030110093 ; , s. 3-53
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2018 is the sixth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of over eighty trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art trackers published at major computer vision conferences or in journals in the recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies for short-term tracking analysis and a “real-time” experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. A long-term tracking subchallenge has been introduced to the set of standard VOT sub-challenges. The new subchallenge focuses on long-term tracking properties, namely coping with target disappearance and reappearance. A new dataset has been compiled and a performance evaluation methodology that focuses on long-term tracking capabilities has been adopted. The VOT toolkit has been updated to support both standard short-term and the new long-term tracking subchallenges. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website (http://votchallenge.net).
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| 8. |
- Ma, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic insights into salt adaptation in a desert poplar
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2797-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the genomic evolution of trees under salt stress remains very limited. Here we report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which exhibits high tolerance to salt stress. Its genome is very similar and collinear to that of the closely related mesophytic congener, P. trichocarpa. However, we find that several gene families likely to be involved in tolerance to salt stress contain significantly more gene copies within the P. euphratica lineage. Furthermore, genes showing evidence of positive selection are significantly enriched in functional categories related to salt stress. Some of these genes, and others within the same categories, are significantly upregulated under salt stress relative to their expression in another salt-sensitive poplar. Our results provide an important background for understanding tree adaptation to salt stress and facilitating the genetic improvement of cultivated poplars for saline soils.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Guo, S., et al.
(författare)
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Evidence for pseudospin-chiral quartet bands in the presence of octupole correlations
- 2020
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : ELSEVIER. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 807
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three nearly degenerate pairs of doublet bands are identified in Ba-131. Two of them, with positive-parity, are interpreted as pseudospin-chiral quartet bands. This is the first time that a complete set of chiral doublet bands built on the pseudospin partners pi(d(5/2), g(7/2)) is observed. The chiral bands with opposite parity built on 3-quasiparticle configurations are directly connected by many E1 transitions, without involving an intermediary non-chiral configuration. The observed band structures in Ba-131 have been investigated by using the reflection-asymmetric particle rotor model. The energies and the electromagnetic transition ratios of the three pairs of doublet bands observed in Ba-131 are reproduced and they are interpreted as chiral doublet bands with three-quasiparticle configurations. It is the first time that multiple chiral bands are observed in the presence of enhanced octupole correlations and pseudospin symmetry.
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| 11. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2015 challenge results
- 2015
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Ingår i: Proceedings 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Workshops ICCVW 2015. - : IEEE. - 9780769557205 ; , s. 564-586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge 2015, VOT2015, aims at comparing short-term single-object visual trackers that do not apply pre-learned models of object appearance. Results of 62 trackers are presented. The number of tested trackers makes VOT 2015 the largest benchmark on short-term tracking to date. For each participating tracker, a short description is provided in the appendix. Features of the VOT2015 challenge that go beyond its VOT2014 predecessor are: (i) a new VOT2015 dataset twice as large as in VOT2014 with full annotation of targets by rotated bounding boxes and per-frame attribute, (ii) extensions of the VOT2014 evaluation methodology by introduction of a new performance measure. The dataset, the evaluation kit as well as the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 12. |
- Li, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Microbial Necromass, Lignin, and Glycoproteins for Determining and Optimizing Blue Carbon Formation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 58, s. 468-479
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands contribute to the mitigation of climate change through the sequestration of “blue carbon”. Microbial necromass, lignin, and glycoproteins (i.e., glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP)), as important components of soil organic carbon (SOC), are sensitive to environmental change. However, their contributions to blue carbon formation and the underlying factors remain largely unresolved. To address this paucity of knowledge, we investigated their contributions to blue carbon formation along a salinity gradient in coastal marshes. Our results revealed decreasing contributions of microbial necromass and lignin to blue carbon as the salinity increased, while GRSP showed an opposite trend. Using random forest models, we showed that their contributions to SOC were dependent on microbial biomass and resource stoichiometry. In N-limited saline soils, contributions of microbial necromass to SOC decreased due to increased N-acquisition enzyme activity. Decreases in lignin contributions were linked to reduced mineral protection offered by short-range-ordered Fe (FeSRO). Partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM) further indicated that GRSP could increase microbial necromass and lignin formation by enhancing mineral protection. Our findings have implications for improving the accumulation of refractory and mineral-bound organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the current scenario of heightened nutrient discharge and sea-level rise.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Wang, Changmeng, et al.
(författare)
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Manipulating the Optoelectronic Properties of Quasi-type II CuInS2/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Photoelectrochemical Cell Applications
- 2020
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1944-8244 .- 1944-8252. ; 12:32, s. 36277-36286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Colloidal core/shell heterostructured quantum dots (QDs) possessing quasi-type II band structure have demonstrated effective surface passivation and prolonged exciton lifetime, leading to enhanced charge separation/transfer efficiencies that are promising for photovoltaic device applications. Herein, we synthesized CuInS2 (CIS)/CdS core/shell heterostructured QDs and manipulated the optoelectronic properties via controlling the CdS shell thickness. The shell-thickness-dependent optical properties indicate the existence of a quasi-type II band structure in such core/shell QDs, which was verified by ultrafast spectroscopy and theoretical simulations. These quasi-type II core/shell QDs having various shell thicknesses are used as light absorbers for the fabrication of solar-driven QDs-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices, exhibiting an optimized photocurrent density of ∼6.0 mA/cm2 and excellent stability under simulated AM 1.5G solar illumination. The results demonstrate that quasi-type II CIS/CdS core/shell heterostructured QDs with tailored optoelectronic properties are promising to realize high-performance QDs-based solar energy conversion devices for the production of solar fuels.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Tongzhou, et al.
(författare)
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Atomically Dispersed Semi-Metallic Selenium on Porous Carbon Membrane as an Electrode for Hydrazine Fuel Cells
- 2019
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 58:38, s. 13466-13471
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemically functional porous membranes of low cost are appealing in various electrochemical devices used in modern environmental and energy technologies. Herein we describe a scalable strategy to construct electrochemically active, hierarchically porous carbon membranes containing atomically dispersed semi-metallic Se, denoted SeNCM. The isolated Se atoms were stabilized by carbon atoms in the form of a hexatomic ring structure, in which the Se atoms were located at the edges of graphitic domains in SeNCM. This configuration is different from that of previously reported transition/noble metal single atom catalysts. The positively charged Se, enlarged graphitic layers, robust electrochemical nature of SeNCM endow them with excellent catalytic activity that is superior to state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. It also has long-term operational stability for hydrazine oxidation reaction in practical hydrazine fuel cell.
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| 16. |
- Xia, Shaopan, et al.
(författare)
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Storage, patterns and influencing factors for soil organic carbon in coastal wetlands of China
- 2022
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 28:20, s. 6065-6085
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Soil organic carbon (SOC) in coastal wetlands, also known as "blue C," is an essential component of the global C cycles. To gain a detailed insight into blue C storage and controlling factors, we studied 142 sites across ca. 5000 km of coastal wetlands, covering temperate, subtropical, and tropical climates in China. The wetlands represented six vegetation types (Phragmites australis, mixed of P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda, Spartina alterniflora, mangrove [Kandelia obovata and Avicennia marina], tidal flat) and three vegetation types invaded by S. alterniflora (P. australis, K. obovata, A. marina). Our results revealed large spatial heterogeneity in SOC density of the top 1-m ranging 40-200 Mg C ha(-1), with higher values in mid-latitude regions (25-30 degrees N) compared with those in both low- (20 degrees N) and high-latitude (38-40 degrees N) regions. Vegetation type influenced SOC density, with P. australis and S. alterniflora having the largest SOC density, followed by mangrove, mixed P. australis and Suaeda, single Suaeda and tidal flat. SOC density increased by 6.25 Mg ha(-1) following S. alterniflora invasion into P. australis community but decreased by 28.56 and 8.17 Mg ha(-1) following invasion into K. obovata and A. marina communities. Based on field measurements and published literature, we calculated a total inventory of 57 x 10(6) Mg C in the top 1-m soil across China's coastal wetlands. Edaphic variables controlled SOC content, with soil chemical properties explaining the largest variance in SOC content. Climate did not control SOC content but had a strong interactive effect with edaphic variables. Plant biomass and quality traits were a minor contributor in regulating SOC content, highlighting the importance of quantity and quality of OC inputs and the balance between production and degradation within the coastal wetlands. These findings provide new insights into blue C stabilization mechanisms and sequestration capacity in coastal wetlands.
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| 17. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 18. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 19. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Ding, Jiangwei, et al.
(författare)
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All Roads Lead to Rome? : Genes Causing Dravet Syndrome and Dravet Syndrome-Like Phenotypes
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neurology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-2295. ; 13
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Dravet syndrome (DS) is a severe epileptic encephalopathy mainly caused by haploinsufficiency of the gene SCN1A, which encodes the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1. 1 in the brain. While SCN1A mutations are known to be the primary cause of DS, other genes that may cause DS are poorly understood. Several genes with pathogenic mutations result in DS or DS-like phenotypes, which may require different drug treatment approaches. Therefore, it is urgent for clinicians, especially epilepsy specialists to fully understand these genes involved in DS in addition to SCN1A. Particularly for healthcare providers, a deep understanding of these pathogenic genes is useful in properly selecting and adjusting drugs in a more effective and timely manner.Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify genes other than SCN1A that may also cause DS or DS-like phenotypes. Methods: A comprehensive search of relevant Dravet syndrome and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy was performed in PubMed, until December 1, 2021. Two independent authors performed the screening for potentially eligible studies. Disagreements were decided by a third, more professional researcher or by all three. The results reported by each study were narratively summarized.Results: A PubMed search yielded 5,064 items, and other sources search 12 records. A total of 29 studies published between 2009 and 2021 met the inclusion criteria. Regarding the included articles, seven studies on PCDH19, three on SCN2A, two on SCN8A, five on SCN1B, two on GABRA1, three on GABRB3, three on GABRG2, and three on STXBP1 were included. Only one study was recorded for CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1 and KCNA2, respectively. It is worth noting that a few articles reported on more than one epilepsy gene.Conclusion: DS is not only identified in variants of SCN1A, but other genes such as PCDH19, SCN2A, SCN8A, SCN1B, GABRA1, GABRB3, GABRG2, KCNA2, CHD2, CPLX1, HCN1A, STXBP1 can also be involved in DS or DS-like phenotypes. As genetic testing becomes more widely available, more genes associated with DS and DS-like phenotypes may be identified and gene-based diagnosis of subtypes of phenotypes in this spectrum may improve the management of these diseases in the future.
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| 22. |
- Gu, Yeqing, et al.
(författare)
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Consumption of ultraprocessed food and development of chronic kidney disease : the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health and UK Biobank Cohort Studies
- 2023
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Ingår i: The American journal of clinical nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 1938-3207 .- 0002-9165. ; 117:2, s. 373-382
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundMany ultraprocessed food (UPF)-derived by-products may play a role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although several studies have assessed the association of UPFs with kidney function decline or CKD in various countries, no evidence has been shown in China and the United Kingdom.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the association between UPF consumption and risk of CKD in 2 large cohort studies from China and the United Kingdom.MethodsIn total, 23,775 and 102,332 participants without baseline CKD were enrolled in the Tianjin Chronic Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation and Health (TCLSIH) and UK Biobank cohort studies, respectively. Information on UPF consumption was obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire in the TCLSIH and 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank cohort. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 4.0 and 10.1 y, the incidence rates of CKD were around 1.1% and 1.7% in the TCLSIH and UK Biobank cohorts, respectively. The multivariable hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] of CKD across increasing quartiles (quartiles 1–4) of UPF consumption were 1 (reference), 1.24 (0.89, 1.72), 1.30 (0.91, 1.87), and 1.58 (1.07, 2.34) (P for trend = 0.02) in the TCLSIH cohort and 1 (reference), 1.14 (1.00, 1.31), 1.16 (1.01, 1.33), and 1.25 (1.09, 1.43) (P for trend < 0.01) in the UK Biobank cohort, respectively.ConclusionsOur finding indicated that higher UPF consumption is associated with a higher risk of CKD. Moreover, restricting UPF consumption may potentially benefit the prevention of CKD. Further clinical trials are required to clarify the causality.
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| 23. |
- Hao, Qian, et al.
(författare)
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Organic blue carbon sequestration in vegetated coastal wetlands : Processes and influencing factors
- 2024
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Ingår i: Earth-Science Reviews. - : Elsevier. - 0012-8252 .- 1872-6828. ; 255
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands play a vital role in carbon (C) sequestration, named 'blue carbon'. The review aims to disentangle the processes and influencing factors, including elevated atmospheric CO2, global climate warming, sea level rise and anthropogenic activities. Firstly, we provided an overview of C processes, including input, output, and deposition, in coastal wetlands. We then summarized the impacts of different factors on C processes by modifying soil physicochemical properties, plant growth, vegetation type, and microbial community composition. Vegetation composition was a major contributor to C inputs, and C outputs was mainly controlled by microbial decomposition. Increased atmospheric CO2 concentration and associated climate warming often enhanced vegetation growth, while climate warming also promoted soil C decomposition. As a result, C storage could increase under mild warming conditions in the short-term, but decrease in the long-term as the severity of warming intensifies. Elevated salinity, caused by sea level rise, can be harmful to plant growth and inhibit organic C decomposition because of the reduced biomass and the weakened metabolic capacity of microorganisms. Most of human activities, such as reclamation, can lead to less C input and more C output, resulting in decreased C storage in coastal wetlands. Additionally, we also illustrate various coastal wetland restoration methods aimed at enhancing C sequestration, including legal frameworks, scientific theories, vegetation management, hydrological restoration, and other relevant constructions. Vegetation management could benefit plant growth and enhance C input effectively, and hydrological restoration can maintain the harmonious development of coastal wetland ecosystems. Other constructions, including breakwater, spillway, and dredged material, could protect coastal wetlands, especially facing sea level rise. This review offers valuable theoretical support and scientific references for the sustainable development and management of coastal wetlands in a changing climate.
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| 24. |
- Huang, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy Consumption and Body Mass Index Among Adults : Mendelian Randomization Analysis of 184802 Individuals from 25 Studies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9147 .- 1530-8561. ; 64:1, s. 183-191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Associations between dairy intake and body mass index (BMI) have been inconsistently observed in epidemiological studies, and the causal relationship remains ill defined.METHODS: We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using an established dairy intake-associated genetic polymorphism located upstream of the lactase gene (LCT-13910 C/T, rs4988235) as an instrumental variable (IV). Linear regression models were fitted to analyze associations between (a) dairy intake and BMI, (b) rs4988235 and dairy intake, and (c) rs4988235 and BMI in each study. The causal effect of dairy intake on BMI was quantified by IV estimators among 184802 participants from 25 studies.RESULTS: Higher dairy intake was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.03 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.00–0.06; P = 0.04), whereas the LCT genotype with 1 or 2 T allele was significantly associated with 0.20 (95% CI, 0.14–0.25) serving/day higher dairy intake (P = 3.15 × 10−12) and 0.12 (95% CI, 0.06–0.17) kg/m2 higher BMI (P = 2.11 × 10−5). MR analysis showed that the genetically determined higher dairy intake was significantly associated with higher BMI (β = 0.60 kg/m2 per serving/day; 95% CI, 0.27–0.92; P = 3.0 × 10−4).CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides strong evidence to support a causal effect of higher dairy intake on increased BMI among adults.
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| 25. |
- Kristan, Matej, et al.
(författare)
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The Visual Object Tracking VOT2017 challenge results
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER VISION WORKSHOPS (ICCVW 2017). - : IEEE. - 9781538610343 ; , s. 1949-1972
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Visual Object Tracking challenge VOT2017 is the fifth annual tracker benchmarking activity organized by the VOT initiative. Results of 51 trackers are presented; many are state-of-the-art published at major computer vision conferences or journals in recent years. The evaluation included the standard VOT and other popular methodologies and a new "real-time" experiment simulating a situation where a tracker processes images as if provided by a continuously running sensor. Performance of the tested trackers typically by far exceeds standard baselines. The source code for most of the trackers is publicly available from the VOT page. The VOT2017 goes beyond its predecessors by (i) improving the VOT public dataset and introducing a separate VOT2017 sequestered dataset, (ii) introducing a realtime tracking experiment and (iii) releasing a redesigned toolkit that supports complex experiments. The dataset, the evaluation kit and the results are publicly available at the challenge website(1).
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| 26. |
- Li, Jiyun, et al.
(författare)
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Inter-host Transmission of Carbapenemase-Producing Escherichia coli among Humans and Backyard Animals
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives. - : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 127:10
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The rapidly increasing dissemination of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in both humans and animals poses a global threat to public health. However, the transmission of CRE between humans and animals has not yet been well studied.OBJECTIVES: We investigated the prevalence, risk factors, and drivers of CRE transmission between humans and their backyard animals in rural China.METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive sampling strategy in 12 villages in Shandong, China. Using the household [residents and their backyard animals (farm and companion animals)] as a single surveillance unit, we assessed the prevalence of CRE at the household level and examined the factors associated with CRE carriage through a detailed questionnaire. Genetic relationships among human- and animal-derived CRE were assessed using whole-genome sequencing-based molecular methods.RESULTS: A total of 88 New Delhi metallo beta lactamasesmetallo-β-lactamases–type carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (NDM-EC), including 17 from humans, 44 from pigs, 12 from chickens, 1 from cattle, and 2 from dogs, were isolated from 65 of the 746 households examined. The remaining 12 NDM-EC were from flies in the immediate backyard environment. The NDM-EC colonization in households was significantly associated with a) the number of species of backyard animals raised/kept in the same household, and b) the use of human and/or animal feces as fertilizer. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) revealed that a large proportion of the core genomes of the NDM-EC belonged to strains from hosts other than their own, and several human isolates shared closely related core single-nucleotide polymorphisms and bla sub NDMblaNDM genetic contexts with isolates from backyard animals.CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, we are the first to report evidence of direct transmission of NDM-EC between humans and animals. Given the rise of NDM-EC in community and hospital infections, combating NDM-EC transmission in backyard farm systems is needed. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5251.
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| 27. |
- Li, Weihua, et al.
(författare)
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Controllable and large-scale synthesis of carbon quantum dots for efficient solid-state optical devices
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nano Energy. - : Elsevier Ltd. - 2211-2855 .- 2211-3282. ; 122
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon quantum dots (C-dots) showed excellent structure-tunable optical properties, mainly composed of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen. They have been used for various types of solid-state optical devices. Due to the photoluminescence quenching caused by aggregation, it is a challenge to produce high quantum yield and large Stokes shift C-dots via controllable and simple approaches. In this work, we demonstrated a microwave assisted heating approach for the high-quality C-dots production with ten grams scale per batch in less than 4 min. The addition of metal cation promoted the formation of the foam-structure by forming carboxyl-metal-amine complex, enabling the spatial confined growth of the C-dots in a solid-state, contributing to the high quantum yield (QY) of 73% with a Stokes shift of 0.65 eV. By tuning the structure of the C-dots, excitation dependent and independent photoluminescent (PL) behavior were achieved because of the formation of the different types of energy states evidenced by transient PL and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. These optical properties enable the C-dots to be successfully integrated in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), having an external optical efficiency of 3.0% and a power conversion efficiency of 1.3% (225 cm2) and an excitation-dependent high-level anticounterfeiting fluorescent code, showing a great potential for solid-state optical system.
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| 28. |
- Liu, Wei, et al.
(författare)
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Coherent dynamics of multi-spin V-B(-) center in hexagonal boron nitride
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has recently been demonstrated to contain optically polarized and detected electron spins that can be utilized for implementing qubits and quantum sensors in nanolayered-devices. Understanding the coherent dynamics ofmicrowave driven spins in hBN is of crucial importance for advancing these emerging new technologies. Here, we demonstrate and study the Rabi oscillation and related phenomena of a negatively charged boron vacancy (V-B(-)) spin ensemble in hBN. We report on different dynamics of the V-B(-) spins at weak and strong magnetic fields. In the former case the defect behaves like a single electron spin system, while in the latter case it behaves like a multi-spin system exhibiting multiple-frequency dynamical oscillation as beat in the Ramsey fringes. We also carry out theoretical simulations for the spin dynamics of V-B(-) and reveal that the nuclear spins can be driven via the strong electron nuclear coupling existing in V-B(-) center, which can be modulated by the magnetic field and microwave field.
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| 29. |
- Ruan, Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Concentrations and composition profiles of benzotriazole UV stabilizers in municipal sewage sludge in China
- 2012
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Ingår i: Environmental Science and Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 46:4, s. 2071-2079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The environmental contamination and fate of benzotriazole UV stabilizers (BZTs) have received increasing attention due to their large production volume and wide usage in various consumer and industrial products. In the present work, 60 municipal sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 33 cities in China were collected to investigate the occurrence and distribution of 9 frequently used BZTs. The most dominant analogue was 2-[3,5-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl]benzotriazole (UV-234) at a median concentration of 116 ng/g (dry weight) and accounted on average for 27.2% of total BZTs. The abundance was successively followed by 2-(2-hydroxy-5-tert-octylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-329, average 24.3%), 2-(2-hydroxy-3-tert-butyl-5-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-326, average 22.2%), 2-(3,5-di-tert-amyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-328, average 17.7%), and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-P, average 6.6%), with median concentrations of 66.8, 67.8, 57.3, and 20.6 ng/g, respectively. 5-Chloro-2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-327) and 2-(3-sec-butyl-5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-350) had low detection frequency, while 2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-320) and 2-(5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazole (UV-PS) were not detectable in any sample. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the occurrence of UV-234, UV-329, and UV-350 in sewage sludge in China. Significant correlations were found among the BZT concentrations and also with a WWTP characteristic (daily treatment volume). Furthermore, results from degradation prediction and multimedia fate simulation based on a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) model at screening level also implied that the commercial BZT chemicals and their plausible transformation products might be persistent in the environment.
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| 30. |
- Wang, Chunjiang, et al.
(författare)
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Phase alignment and crystal orientation of Al3Ni in Al-Ni alloy by imposition of a uniform high magnetic field
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Crystal Growth. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-0248 .- 1873-5002. ; 310:6, s. 1256-1263
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solidification experiments of aluminum-nickel binary alloys under uniform high magnetic fields have been conducted. The effects of high magnetic fields on the crystal orientation of Al3Ni were investigated by XRD and the alignment of primary phases Al3Ni were also analyzed. Experimental results showed that the easy magnetization axis of Al3Ni crystal oriented parallel to the imposed magnetic fields and the primary phase Al3Ni aligned perpendicular to the magnetic fields. Magnetic orientation of crystal was determined by magnetic anisotropy energy. Whereas the phase alignment should be contributed to the combined effects of magnetic orientation, crystal growth and the effects of magnetic fields on mass transport during solidification.
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| 31. |
- Wang, Hong, et al.
(författare)
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Ambient Electrosynthesis of Ammonia : Electrode Porosity and Composition Engineering
- 2018
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 57:38, s. 12360-12364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ammonia, a key precursor for fertilizer production, convenient hydrogen carrier, and emerging clean fuel, plays a pivotal role in sustaining life on Earth. Currently, the main route for NH3 synthesis is by the heterogeneous catalytic Haber-Bosch process (N-2+ 3H(2) -> 2NH(3)), which proceeds under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure with a very large carbon footprint. Herein we report that a pristine nitrogen-doped nanoporous graphitic carbon membrane (NCM) can electrochemically convert N-2 into NH3 in an acidic aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The Faradaic efficiency and rate of production of NH3 on the NCM electrode reach 5.2% and 0.08 gm(-2) h(-1), respectively. Functionalization of the NCM with Au nanoparticles dramatically enhances these performance metrics to 22% and 0.36 gm(-2) h(-1), respectively. As this system offers the potential to be scaled to industrial levels it is highly likely that it might displace the century-old Haber-Bosch process.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Wang, Qiang, et al.
(författare)
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Solidified Structure Control of Metallic Materials by Static High Magnetic Fields
- 2010
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - : Iron and Steel Institute of Japan. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 50:12, s. 1941-1946
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently the studies on the effects of high magnetic fields on solidification processes have been paid much attention both from the fundamental and applied points of view With the aid of the enhanced Lorentz force and magnetization effect caused by the remarkably increased magnetic field intensity several interesting phenomena such as the control of fluid flow and particle migration in a melt crystal orientation and phase alignment have been obtained Moreover the magnetic force induced by the interaction of magnetization and high magnetic field gradient has been evidenced to show significant effects on the microstructure evolution of alloys In this paper the recent development of the control of the solidification process by high magnetic fields is reviewed from the view point of uniform magnetic fields and magnetic field gradients
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Wang, Shangjie, et al.
(författare)
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In situ polymerization design of a quasi-solid electrolyte enhanced by NMP additive for lithium metal batteries
- 2024
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Ingår i: Energy Storage Materials. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 2405-8289 .- 2405-8297. ; 69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are considered one promising candidate for lithium metal batteries due to their high flexibility, low cost, and roll-to-roll scalability. However, conventional SPEs prepared via ex situ methods are confronted with challenges such as poor contact and high resistance at the electrode|SPE interface, as well as low ionic conductivity at room temperature. In this study, we developed a quasi-solid electrolyte (QSE) using an in situ polymerization approach, employing butyl acrylate as the monomer and incorporating NMP as an additive. Spectroscopic investigations and DFT calculations revealed that NMP tends to form an overleaf-structured [Li(NMP)3][TFSI] complex with LiTFSI, promoting lithium salt dissociation. Owing to this advantage, the QSE exhibits high room-temperature ionic conductivity (6.94 × 10−4 S cm−1) and an extensive electrochemical stability window (5.01 V vs. Li+/Li). Furthermore, the in situ polymerization method facilitates full contact at the interface, enhancing the interfacial stability and reducing the interface resistance, thus resulting in stable cycling of Li|Built-in QSE|Li symmetric cell for 1100 h at 0.1 mA cm−2. The assembled LiFePO4|Built-in QSE|Li cell also demonstrates excellent rate and long-term cycling performance. Our findings offer valuable insights into the interaction between organic additives and lithium salts and present a novel strategy for the development of polymer electrolytes.
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| 36. |
- Wang, Yong, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of Manufacturing Conditions and Al Addition on Inclusion Characteristics in Co-Based Dual-Phase High Entropy Alloy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. A. - : Springer Nature. - 1073-5623 .- 1543-1940. ; 54:7, s. 2715-2729
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three Co-based dual-phase high-entropy alloys (HEAs) were produced by different manufacturing conditions: arc-melting with Ar protection (Ar-HEA), vacuum induction melting in Al2O3 crucible (Cr-HEA) and vacuum induction melting with 0.5 at. pct Al (Al-HEA), which resulted in different levels of impurity elements and inclusion characteristics. The inclusions that precipitated in different HEA samples were investigated through an electrolytic extraction process and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) characterization. The results showed that Mn(S,Se) inclusions were presented in all three alloys. MnCr2O4 inclusions were presented only in Ar-HEA, pure Al2O3 inclusions were presented in Cr-HEA and Al-HEA, and Mn–Cr–Al–O inclusions were also found in Al-HEA. Thermodynamic calculation software FactSage and Thermo-calc were used to predict the inclusion formations of the HEAs, which showed a good agreement with the experimental findings. The stable inclusions can transform from MnCr2O4 to Mn(Cr,Al)2O4 and then to pure Al2O3 with the increase of Al content. The inclusions in Al-containing HEA are spinel or Al2O3 depending on the content levels of Al and O. It is proposed that the formation of spinel and Al2O3 inclusions can be avoided in liquid HEA when the O content is controlled to be very low, which can result in smaller-sized inclusions. Moreover, the calculated coagulation coefficient of spinel inclusions is close but lower than that of Al2O3 inclusions. The collision growth of inclusions was affected by a combination of physical parameters of HEA and inclusions as well as the inclusion size and amount. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 37. |
- Wu, Lele, et al.
(författare)
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Organic matter composition and stability in estuarine wetlands depending on soil salinity
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 945
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coastal wetlands are key players in mitigating global climate change by sequestering soil organic matter. Soil organic matter consists of less stable particulate organic matter (POM) and more stable mineral -associated organic matter (MAOM). The distribution and drivers of MAOM and POM in coastal wetlands have received little attention, despite the processes and mechanisms differ from that in the upland soils. We explored the distribution of POM and MAOM, their contributions to SOM, and the controlling factors along a salinity gradient in an estuarine wetland. In the estuarine wetland, POM C and N were influenced by soil depth and vegetation type, whereas MAOM C and N were influenced only by vegetation type. In the estuarine wetland, SOM was predominantly in the form of MAOM ( > 70 %) and increased with salinity (70 % -76 %), leading to long-term C sequestration. Both POM and MAOM increased with SOM, and the increase rate of POM was higher than that of MAOM. Aboveground plant biomass decreased with increasing salinity, resulted in a decrease in POM C (46 % - 81 %) and N (52 % -82 %) pools. As the mineral amount and activity, and microbial biomass decreased, the MAOM C (2.5 % -64 %) and N pool (8.6 % -59 %) decreased with salinity. When evaluating POM, the most influential factors were microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Key parameters, including MBC, DOC, soil salinity, soil water content, aboveground plant biomass, mineral content and activity, and bulk density, were identified as influencing factors for both MAOM abundance. Soil water content not only directly controlled MAOM, but together with salinity also indirectly regulated POM and MAOM by controlling microbial biomass and aboveground plant biomass. Our findings have important implications for improving the accumulation and increased stability of soil organic matter in coastal wetlands, considering the global sea level rise and increased frequency of inundation.
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| 38. |
- Xu, Chao-Qun, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Malania oleifera, a tree with great value for nervonic acid production
- 2019
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Ingår i: GigaScience. - : Oxford University Press. - 2047-217X. ; 8:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Malania oleifera, a member of the Olacaceae family, is an IUCN red listed tree, endemic and restricted to the Karst region of southwest China. This tree's seed is valued for its high content of precious fatty acids (especially nervonic acid). However, studies on its genetic makeup and fatty acid biogenesis are severely hampered by a lack of molecular and genetic tools. Findings We generated 51 Gb and 135Gb of raw DNA sequences, using Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time and 10x Genomics sequencing, respectively. A final genome assembly, with a scaffold N50 size of 4.65 Mb and a total length of 1.51Gb, was obtained by primary assembly based on PacBio long reads plus scaffolding with 10x Genomics reads. Identified repeats constituted approximate to 82% of the genome, and 24,064 protein-coding genes were predicted with high support. The genome has low heterozygosity and shows no evidence for recent whole genome duplication. Metabolic pathway genes relating to the accumulation of long-chain fatty acid were identified and studied in detail. Conclusions Here, we provide the first genome assembly and gene annotation for M. oleifera. The availability of these resources will be of great importance for conservation biology and for the functional genomics of nervonic acid biosynthesis.
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| 39. |
- Yang, Rong, et al.
(författare)
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Inhomogeneous degradation in metal halide perovskites
- 2017
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 111:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although the rapid development of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells has led to certified power conversion efficiencies of above 20%, their poor stability remains a major challenge, preventing their practical commercialization. In this paper, we investigate the intrinsic origin of the poor stability in perovskite solar cells by using a confocal fluorescence microscope. We find that the degradation of perovskite films starts from grain boundaries and gradually extend to the center of the grains. Firmly based on our findings, we further demonstrate that the device stability can be significantly enhanced by increasing the grain size of perovskite crystals. Our results have important implications to further enhance the stability of optoelectronic devices based on metal halide perovskites. Published by AIP Publishing.
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| 40. |
- Zhang, Lixiu, et al.
(författare)
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Advances in the Application of Perovskite Materials
- 2023
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Ingår i: NANO-MICRO LETTERS. - : SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIV PRESS. - 2311-6706. ; 15:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nowadays, the soar of photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells has set off a fever in the study of metal halide perovskite materials. The excellent optoelectronic properties and defect tolerance feature allow metal halide perovskite to be employed in a wide variety of applications. This article provides a holistic review over the current progress and future prospects of metal halide perovskite materials in representative promising applications, including traditional optoelectronic devices (solar cells, light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, lasers), and cutting-edge technologies in terms of neuromorphic devices (artificial synapses and memristors) and pressure-induced emission. This review highlights the fundamentals, the current progress and the remaining challenges for each application, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the development status and a navigation of future research for metal halide perovskite materials and devices.
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| 41. |
- Chen, Xuelong, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Precipitation Process in the Water Vapor Channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon
- 2024
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Ingår i: BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 105:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon (YGC) is an important pathway for water vapor transport from southern Asia to the Tibetan Plateau (TP). This area exhibits one of the highest frequencies of convective activity in China, and precipitation often induces natural disasters in local communities, which can dramatically affect their livelihoods. In addition, the produced precipitation gives rise to vast glaciers and large rivers around the YGC. In 2018, the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program tasked a research team to conduct an "investigation of the precipitation process in the water vapor channel of the Yarlung Zsangbo Grand Canyon" (INVC) in the southeastern TP. This team subsequently established a comprehensive observation system of land-air interaction, water vapor, clouds, and rainfall activity in the YGC. This paper introduces the developed observation system and summarizes the preliminary results obtained during the first two years of the project. Using this INVC observation network, herein, we focus on the development of rainfall events on the southeastern TP. This project also helps to monitor geohazards in the key area of the Sichuan-Tibet railway, which traverses the northern YGC. The observation datasets will benefit future research on mountain meteorology.
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| 42. |
- Chirapatpimol, K, et al.
(författare)
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Precision Measurement of the p(e,e′p)π0 Reaction at Threshold
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 1079-7114. ; 114:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New results are reported from a measurement of π^{0} electroproduction near threshold using the p(e,e^{'}p)π^{0} reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of s- and p-wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the ϕ_{π}^{*} and θ_{π}^{*} angles in the pπ^{0} center of mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 up to 15 MeV. The 4-momentum transfer Q^{2} coverage ranges from 0.05 to 0.155 (GeV/c)^{2} in fine steps. A simple phenomenological analysis of our data shows strong disagreement with p-wave predictions from ChPT for Q^{2}>0.07 (GeV/c)^{2}, while the s-wave predictions are in reasonable agreement.
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| 43. |
- Danaei, Goodarz, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of diabetes definition on global surveillance of diabetes prevalence and diagnosis: a pooled analysis of 96 population-based studies with 331288 participants
- 2015
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Ingår i: The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology. - 2213-8595 .- 2213-8587. ; 3:8, s. 624-637
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Diabetes has been defined on the basis of different biomarkers, including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), and HbA(1c). We assessed the effect of different diagnostic definitions on both the population prevalence of diabetes and the classification of previously undiagnosed individuals as having diabetes versus not having diabetes in a pooled analysis of data from population-based health examination surveys in different regions. Methods We used data from 96 population-based health examination surveys that had measured at least two of the biomarkers used for defining diabetes. Diabetes was defined using HbA(1c) (HbA(1c) >= 6 . 5% or history of diabetes diagnosis or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs) compared with either FPG only or FPG-or-2hOGTT definitions (FPG >= 7 . 0 mmol/L or 2hOGTT >= 11 . 1 mmol/L or history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated diabetes prevalence, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights. We compared the prevalences of diabetes using different definitions graphically and by regression analyses. We calculated sensitivity and specificity of diabetes diagnosis based on HbA1c compared with diagnosis based on glucose among previously undiagnosed individuals (ie, excluding those with history of diabetes or using insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs). We calculated sensitivity and specificity in each survey, and then pooled results using a random-effects model. We assessed the sources of heterogeneity of sensitivity by meta-regressions for study characteristics selected a priori. Findings Population prevalence of diabetes based on FPG- or-2hOGTT was correlated with prevalence based on FPG alone (r= 0 . 98), but was higher by 2-6 percentage points at different prevalence levels. Prevalence based on HbA(1c) was lower than prevalence based on FPG in 42 . 8% of age-sex-survey groups and higher in another 41 . 6%; in the other 15 . 6%, the two definitions provided similar prevalence estimates. The variation across studies in the relation between glucose-based and HbA(1c)-based prevalences was partly related to participants' age, followed by natural logarithm of per person gross domestic product, the year of survey, mean BMI, and whether the survey population was national, subnational, or from specific communities. Diabetes defined as HbA(1c) 6 . 5% or more had a pooled sensitivity of 52 . 8% (95% CI 51 . 3-54 . 3%) and a pooled specificity of 99 . 74% (99 . 71-99 . 78%) compared with FPG 7 . 0 mmol/L or more for diagnosing previously undiagnosed participants; sensitivity compared with diabetes defined based on FPG-or-2hOGTT was 30 . 5% (28 . 7-32 . 3%). None of the preselected study-level characteristics explained the heterogeneity in the sensitivity of HbA(1c) versus FPG. Interpretation Different biomarkers and definitions for diabetes can provide different estimates of population prevalence of diabetes, and differentially identify people without previous diagnosis as having diabetes. Using an HbA(1c)-based definition alone in health surveys will not identify a substantial proportion of previously undiagnosed people who would be considered as having diabetes using a glucose-based test.
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| 44. |
- Dang, D. F., et al.
(författare)
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Manipulating backbone structure with various conjugated spacers to enhance photovoltaic performance of D-A-type two-dimensional copolymerse
- 2014
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Ingår i: Organic Electronics: physics, materials, applications. - : Elsevier BV. - 1566-1199. ; 15:11, s. 2876-2884
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A class of low band-gap two-dimensional conjugated polymers of PBDTT-FQ PBDTT-TQ PBDTT-BTQ and PBDTT-TTQ was designed and synthesized, which contains the same di(alkylthiophene)-substituted benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BDTT) and 6,7-difluoro-quinoxaline (Q) units, as well as various conjugated spacers of furan, thiophene, bithiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene in the main chain. Significant effect of the varied spacers between the BDTT and Q units on the thermal, optical, electrochemical and photovoltaic properties was investigated and observed for these two-dimensional copolymers in the polymer solar cells. The maximum power conversion efficiency of 5.9% with a short circuit current of 13.7 mA/cm(2) and a fill factor of 0.56 was obtained for the PBDTT-TQ with thiophene spacer in the bulk hetero-junction PSCs using [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester as acceptor.
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| 45. |
- Ding, Ming, et al.
(författare)
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Dairy consumption, systolic blood pressure, and risk of hypertension : Mendelian randomization study
- 2017
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Ingår i: The BMJ. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1756-1833 .- 0959-8138. ; 356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE To examine whether previous observed inverse associations of dairy intake with systolic blood pressure and risk of hypertension were causal. DESIGN Mendelian randomization study using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs4988235 related to lactase persistence as an instrumental variable. SETTING CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium. PARTICIPANTS Data from 22 studies with 171 213 participants, and an additional 10 published prospective studies with 26 119 participants included in the observational analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The instrumental variable estimation was conducted using the ratio of coefficients approach. Using metaanalysis, an additional eight published randomized clinical trials on the association of dairy consumption with systolic blood pressure were summarized. RESULTS Compared with the CC genotype (CC is associated with complete lactase deficiency), the CT/TT genotype (TT is associated with lactose persistence, and CT is associated with certain lactase deficiency) of LCT-13910 (lactase persistence gene) rs4988235 was associated with higher dairy consumption (0.23 (about 55 g/day), 95% confidence interval 0.17 to 0.29) serving/day; P<0.001) and was not associated with systolic blood pressure (0.31, 95% confidence interval -0.05 to 0.68 mm Hg; P=0.09) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 0.97 to 1.05; P=0.27). Using LCT-13910 rs4988235 as the instrumental variable, genetically determined dairy consumption was not associated with systolic blood pressure (beta=1.35, 95% confidence interval -0.28 to 2.97 mm Hg for each serving/day) or risk of hypertension (odds ratio 1.04, 0.88 to 1.24). Moreover, meta-analysis of the published clinical trials showed that higher dairy intake has no significant effect on change in systolic blood pressure for interventions over one month to 12 months (intervention compared with control groups: beta=-0.21, 95% confidence interval -0.98 to 0.57 mm Hg). In observational analysis, each serving/day increase in dairy consumption was associated with -0.11 (95% confidence interval -0.20 to -0.02 mm Hg; P=0.02) lower systolic blood pressure but not risk of hypertension (odds ratio 0.98, 0.97 to 1.00; P=0.11). CONCLUSION The weak inverse association between dairy intake and systolic blood pressure in observational studies was not supported by a comprehensive instrumental variable analysis and systematic review of existing clinical trials.
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| 46. |
- Feng, Boya, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and Functional Insights into the Mode of Action of a Universally Conserved Obg GTPase
- 2014
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 12:5, s. e1001866-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Obg proteins are a family of P-loop GTPases, conserved from bacteria to human. The Obg protein in Escherichia coli (ObgE) has been implicated in many diverse cellular functions, with proposed molecular roles in two global processes, ribosome assembly and stringent response. Here, using pre-steady state fast kinetics we demonstrate that ObgE is an anti-association factor, which prevents ribosomal subunit association and downstream steps in translation by binding to the 50S subunit. ObgE is a ribosome dependent GTPase; however, upon binding to guanosine tetraphosphate (ppGpp), the global regulator of stringent response, ObgE exhibits an enhanced interaction with the 50S subunit, resulting in increased equilibrium dissociation of the 70S ribosome into subunits. Furthermore, our cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the 50S? ObgE? GMPPNP complex indicates that the evolutionarily conserved N-terminal domain (NTD) of ObgE is a tRNA structural mimic, with specific interactions with peptidyl-transferase center, displaying a marked resemblance to Class I release factors. These structural data might define ObgE as a specialized translation factor related to stress responses, and provide a framework towards future elucidation of functional interplay between ObgE and ribosome-associated (p) ppGpp regulators. Together with published data, our results suggest that ObgE might act as a checkpoint in final stages of the 50S subunit assembly under normal growth conditions. And more importantly, ObgE, as a (p) ppGpp effector, might also have a regulatory role in the production of the 50S subunit and its participation in translation under certain stressed conditions. Thus, our findings might have uncovered an under-recognized mechanism of translation control by environmental cues.
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| 47. |
- Gu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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TGF-beta-Induced CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T Cells Attenuate Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease by Suppressing Expansion and Killing of Effector CD8(+) Cells
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Immunology. - : The American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 193:7, s. 3388-3397
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of TGF-beta-induced CD4(+) Foxp3(+) T cells (induced regulatory T cells [iTregs]) is an important prevention and treatment strategy in autoimmune diseases and other disorders. However, the potential use of iTregs as a treatment modality for acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) has not been realized because they may be unstable and less suppressive in this disease. We restudied the ability of iTregs to prevent and treat aGVHD in two mouse models. Our results showed that, as long as an appropriate iTreg-generation protocol is used, these iTregs consistently displayed a potent ability to control aGVHD development and reduce mortality in the aGVHD animal models. iTreg infusion markedly suppressed the engraftment of donor CD8(+) cells and CD4(+) cells, the expression of granzyme A and B, the cytotoxic effect of donor CD8(+) cells, and the production of T cell cytokines in aGVHD. Therefore, we conclude that as long as the correct methods for generating iTregs are used, they can prevent and even treat aGVHD.
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| 48. |
- Huang, Hongyun, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cell Transplantation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0963-6897 .- 1555-3892. ; 27:2, s. 310-324
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cell therapy has been shown to be a key clinical therapeutic option for central nervous system diseases or damage. Standardization of clinical cell therapy procedures is an important task for professional associations devoted to cell therapy. The Chinese Branch of the International Association of Neurorestoratology (IANR) completed the first set of guidelines governing the clinical application of neurorestoration in 2011. The IANR and the Chinese Association of Neurorestoratology (CANR) collaborated to propose the current version "Clinical Cell Therapy Guidelines for Neurorestoration (IANR/CANR 2017)". The IANR council board members and CANR committee members approved this proposal on September 1, 2016, and recommend it to clinical practitioners of cellular therapy. These guidelines include items of cell type nomenclature, cell quality control, minimal suggested cell doses, patient-informed consent, indications for undergoing cell therapy, contraindications for undergoing cell therapy, documentation of procedure and therapy, safety evaluation, efficacy evaluation, policy of repeated treatments, do not charge patients for unproven therapies, basic principles of cell therapy, and publishing responsibility.
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| 49. |
- Leng, Jiewu, et al.
(författare)
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Industry 5.0 : Prospect and retrospect
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 65, s. 279-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industry 5.0 blows the whistle on global industrial transformation. It aims to place humans' well-being at the center of manufacturing systems, thereby achieving social goals beyond employment and growth to provide prosperity robustly for the sustainable development of all humanity. However, the current exploration of Industry 5.0 is still in its infancy where research findings are relatively scarce and little systematic. This paper first reviews the evolutionary vein of Industry 5.0 and three leading characteristics of Industry 5.0: human-centricity, sustainability, and resiliency. The connotation system of Industry 5.0 is discussed, and its diversified essence is analyzed. Then, this paper constructs a tri-dimension system architecture for implementing Industry 5.0, namely, the technical dimension, reality dimension, and application dimension. The paper further discusses key enablers, the future implementation path, potential applications, and challenges of realistic scenarios of Industry 5.0. Finally, the limitations of the current research are discussed with potential future research directions highlighted. It is expected that this review work will arouse lively discussions and debates, and bring together the strengths of all beings for building a comprehensive system of Industry 5.0.
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| 50. |
- Leng, Jiewu, et al.
(författare)
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Unlocking the power of industrial artificial intelligence towards Industry 5.0: Insights, pathways, and challenges
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of manufacturing systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6125 .- 1878-6642. ; 73, s. 349-363
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the continuous development of human-centric, resilient, and sustainable manufacturing towards Industry 5.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has gradually unveiled new opportunities for additional functionalities, new features, and tendencies in the industrial landscape. On the other hand, the technology-driven Industry 4.0 paradigm is still in full swing. However, there exist many unreasonable designs, configurations, and implementations of Industrial Artificial Intelligence (IndAI) in practice before achieving either Industry 4.0 or Industry 5.0 vision, and a significant gap between the individualized requirement and actual implementation result still exists. To provide insights for designing appropriate models and algorithms in the upgrading process of the industry, this perspective article classifies IndAI by rating the intelligence levels and presents four principles of implementing IndAI. Three significant opportunities of IndAI, namely, collaborative intelligence, self-learning intelligence, and crowd intelligence, towards Industry 5.0 vision are identified to promote the transition from a technology-driven initiative in Industry 4.0 to the coexistence and interplay of Industry 4.0 and a value-oriented proposition in Industry 5.0. Then, pathways for implementing IndAI towards Industry 5.0 together with key empowering techniques are discussed. Social barriers, technology challenges, and future research directions of IndAI are concluded, respectively. We believe that our effort can lay a foundation for unlocking the power of IndAI in futuristic Industry 5.0 research and engineering practice.
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